DOCSLIB.ORG

Gamer's Guide, Experimenting with the Intriguing Suggestions All an Relied Will Find Tile Pt:Llalli~ for Mh:Takes Less in One Package

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gamer's Guide, Experimenting with the Intriguing Suggestions All an Relied Will Find Tile Pt:Llalli~ for Mh:Takes Less in One Package 2 ADVANCED CIVILIZATION Preface CIVlLlZA110N is an outstanding game, ADVANCED CNlLlZA1TON" (p.17), which sets which has been played by many who could not out the differences between CIVlLIZA110N and be considered by any stretch of the imagination ADVANCED CIVlLIZA110N. Readers who arc to be ~wargamers". Articles suggesting rule unfamiliar with either game will still find Gar) changes for CIVlL1ZA110N have occasionally Rapanos' article interesting for historical reas­ been published, and house rules abound, but no ons, but CIVILlZAllON players will fUld ill systemic revision of CJVJUZAI10N has been invaluable in helping them know what to remem­ attempted. Until now. ber and what to forget. WEST T¥IO articles which should be of genenJ "Advanced" CIVILIZATION interest are -The Wrath of the Gods· (p.26) and -Civilization Cards" (p.31), which discuss EXTENSION The term ~advanced- is likely Il misnomer. "Enhanced" might have been more accurate, but several essential aspects of the game. The ADVANCED CNTUZAI10N follows a tradition insights in these articles are definitely not which is already established at Avalon Hill. exhaustive, but provide food for thought. MAP A somewbat different approach to the game is When a product is based on an existing game, found in -Through the Labyrinth - (p .20) and • A but goes beyond it, it is appropriate to use the For some time players of the popular Study in Contrasts- (p.28), which discuss the term "advanced-, as in ADVANCED SQUAD CIV1LfZATIONhave been looking for ways LEADER or ADVANCED TlURD RETCH. This pili)' of Crete, Egypt and Africa. ADVANCED to impro'Ve this already~classic game. Back CIVILIZATION is not susceptible to exact does not necessarily imply that the -advanced­ in 1982, the "Expansion Trade Cards" were analysis, but these articles contain many useful version is more complex or difficult to play, introduced-and were an immediate hit. Now although it might be, but rather that it represents ideas, and offer examples of the applications of comes a new map, extending the world of general principles familiar to many players. what the designers see as the next step in the CWJlIZA710N to the Straits of Hercules and -The Wisdom of the Ages?- (p.39) is an development of the original game concept. adding all Gaul, southern England . and attempt to gather some of these principles ADVANCED CNlLlZATTON is almost cer­ western North Africa. Printed on heavy, together for the benefit of the reader. They look tainly no more difficult to play than the original glossy stock. the West Extension Map may great on paper, but I suspect that once the exc ite,.. game. The addition of civilization, commodity be added to any standard or ADVANCED ment ofa game takes over, I would be lucky if I and calamity cards does not make the game CIVlllZATION game to produce a greatly paid attention to more than half of them. harder to understand. ADVANCED ClVILIZA~ improved four-pl2yer scenario and a chal­ -The Road to Civilization~ (p.23) discusses TION is really just CIVIliZATION, only more lenging five-, six- or seven-player version. the A.S.T. , which is no longer determinative in so. Some may fecI that a change such as allow­ Iberia now starts from any of the three areas ing the purchase of more than 11 civilization ADVANCED CNlLlZATTON, but is still on the western edge of the peninsula (replac­ important. The requirements of the A.S. T. have cards hurts the game, by eliminating a key ing Italy as a player-race); African openings element of the classic game. Those who reach all sorts of effects on other areas of the game. are also expanded. Both make use of a such conclusions should continue to play CIVlLI­ Another crucial aspect of the game is ana· revised AST Table printed directly upon the ZAllON. which will still be published and sold lyzed in -Diplomacy- (p.38), which may cause new map section. Other than these intriguing by Avalon Hill. the reader to look at this familiar subject from a changes. all standard rules remain in force. different perspective. Experienced players, perhaps suffering A complete package ·Season to Taste" (p.46) offers experienced ennui after yet another thraShing as Africa, players some optional rules. Certainly it is best will fmd their games considerably livelier as ADVANCED CIVILIZATION is presented in a to become familiar with the standard new approaches are debated. Novice players. somewhat unique form . It was decided to offer ADVANCED CNlLIZAT10N rules before with more room for expansion of their peoples. the public both the rules and a Gamer's Guide, experimenting with the intriguing suggestions all an relied will find tile pt:llalli~ for mh:takes less in one package. Sueh approach found in that article. daunting. Whether with four or seven. the heavily on the designers and play testers, and FuU-fledged variants are contained in extended-map version of CIVILIZATION is only time will tell if it is well-received. It is -Imperial Civilizations- (42) and ~Civilization sure to be seen at morc than a few Saturday­ hoped that the articles included in this publica­ and Trade" (p.44), and it will bc interesting to night gaming sessions. tion will ease the transition from CIVILIZAT10N see if these ideas achieve popularity. A variant to ADVANCED CNlLlZATTON, as well as on a somewhat smaller scale is contained in The West Extension Map is now avail­ giving players insights into how the new game "Atlantis" (PAl). able for $8.00 from The Avalon HiU Game works. Much of the expertise gained from Company (4517 Harford Road, Baltimore, playing CIVTLfZATION will still apply, but Conclusion MD 21214). Please add $3.00 shipping and much will not, and players who do not develop handling for domestic orders; $6.00 for If I were to find fault with the Gamer's strategies which suit the new game will quickly Guide, it would be that too much of it reflects Canadian; $9.00 for overseas. Maryland find themselves in trouble. residents please add 5% state sales tax. For easy my own views of ADVANCED CIVJUZATION, credit card ordering. can 1-800-999·3222. although the final product represents a consider­ Rules able effort from a large number of contributors, To some extent, the organization of the rules to whom I express my appreciation. follO'NS those in the original game. A number of To a lesser extent, I suppose, the same can be MIl improvements have been made, especially in said aboutthe rules themselves, but again it must numbering, and players should be able to quick­ be emphasized that many CIVILIZA110N players IUlc. .... £ .. o. ly find applicable rules during play. An index contributed important and innovative ideas STRATEC.Y was not thought to be necessary. which appear in this publication. All those who participated in the development of ADVANCED The Avalon Hill Gamer's Guide CIVILTZAT10N and the production of the The Gamer's Guide consists of a number of Gamer's Guide hope that both will provide Game Company garners with many hours of challenge and Division of Monarch Avalon, Inc. articles on a variety of topics. The "Designer's Notes" (p.16) may interest some, but all CIVILI­ enjoyment. ZATION players should read -Learni ng Bruce Harper 3 ADVANCED CIVILIZATION Table of Contents 31. ACQUISITION OF CIVILIZATION CARDS . .. 13 Preface ............. .............. 2 32. CIVILIZATION CARD ATTRIBUTES ............. 13 Table of Contents •..•...•••••..•••••••.• 3 33 . MOVEMENT OF MARKERS ON THE A.S.T. ...... 15 Design Credits ••••••...••.•.....••..•.• 3 VI. WINNING THE GAME 34. THE END OF THE GAME. • • • • • . • . .. 15 35. VICTORY DETERMINATION ...•• .• •••••••... 15 RULES GAl\1ER'S GUIDE I. OVERVIEW 1. INTRODUCTION . ........... ............... 4 DESIGNER'S NOTES •..••.•••••••.••..•. 16 2. DESCRIPTION OF PLAY ............... ... ... 4 Is CNlLlZATlON Advancing? By Bruce Harper II. GAME COMPONENTS LEARNING ADVANCED CIVILIZATION .•..•.• 17 3. COMPONENTS .............. ........... ... 4 A Guide for ClVlLlZATlONPlayers By Gary Rapanos 4. THE MAPBOARD .......................... 5 5. PLAYING PIECES .......................... 5 THROUGH THE LABYRINTH •.•••..•..•••• 20 6. CIVILIZATION CARDS .... .. ..... .. •...• .... 5 Playing Crete in ADVANCED CIVlLlZA.110N By Eric Hunter 7. TRADE CARDS ............................ 5 8. COMMODITY CARDS ... ... ........... ...... 5 THE ROAD TO CIVILIZATION ••••••••.••.. 23 9 . CALAMITY CARDS ..... ... .. ............... 6 The A.S.T. in ADVANCED CIVIUZAI10N . By Michael Roos 10. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION CARD ... .. ... 6 11. PLAYER MATS ........................ ... 6 CONFERENCE MAP ••...•••..••..•..•.•. 24 12. PLACE CARDS ........ .... ................ 6 13 . CALAMITY EFFECTS SUMMARY ............... 6 THE WRATH OF THE GODS .•••••••••••.•• 26 14. CIVILIZATION CARD CREDIT AND GAME RECORD Calamities in ADVANCED CIVILIZATION By Jennifer Schlickbernd SHEET ............. ...... .............. 6 A STUDY IN CONTRASTS ••.•.••..•..•..•• 28 ill. GETTING STARTED Egypt and Africa in ADVANCED CIVILIZATION By Lauren Banerd 15. SETTING UP THE GAME ...... ............ ... 6 16. THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS ...... ..... ....... 7 CIVILIZATION CARDS •••••••.••••...•... 31 The Options in ADVANCED CIVILIZATION By Bruce Harper IV. TURN BY TURN PROCEDURE DIPLOMACY •.••...•.••••.•••••.•.•... 38 17. THE GAME TURN .......................... 7 A Civilized Approach By Lauren Banerd 18. SEQUENCE OF PLAY ......... ...... ....... 7 THE WISDOM OF THE AGES? •.•••••.••• .. 39 V. THE PHASES Advancing your Civilization By Lauren Banerd and others 19. TAXATION .............................. 8 20. POPULATION EXPANSION
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BATTLE-SCARRED and DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP in the MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial
    BATTLE-SCARRED AND DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Steven Thomas Barry Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Allan R. Millett, Adviser Dr. John F. Guilmartin Dr. John L. Brooke Copyright by Steven T. Barry 2011 Abstract Throughout the North African and Sicilian campaigns of World War II, the battalion leadership exercised by United States regular army officers provided the essential component that contributed to battlefield success and combat effectiveness despite deficiencies in equipment, organization, mobilization, and inadequate operational leadership. Essentially, without the regular army battalion leaders, US units could not have functioned tactically early in the war. For both Operations TORCH and HUSKY, the US Army did not possess the leadership or staffs at the corps level to consistently coordinate combined arms maneuver with air and sea power. The battalion leadership brought discipline, maturity, experience, and the ability to translate common operational guidance into tactical reality. Many US officers shared the same ―Old Army‖ skill sets in their early career. Across the Army in the 1930s, these officers developed familiarity with the systems and doctrine that would prove crucial in the combined arms operations of the Second World War. The battalion tactical leadership overcame lackluster operational and strategic guidance and other significant handicaps to execute the first Mediterranean Theater of Operations campaigns. Three sets of factors shaped this pivotal group of men. First, all of these officers were shaped by pre-war experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • STRATEGIC APPRAISAL the Changing Role of Information in Warfare
    STRATEGIC APPRAISAL The Changing Role of Information in Warfare Edited by ZALMAY M. KHALILZAD JOHN P. WHITE Foreword by ANDREW W. MARSHALL R Project AIR FORCE The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under contract F49642-96-C-0001. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Directorate of Plans, Hq USAF. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The changing role of information in warfare / Zalmay M. Khalilzad, John P. White, editors. p. cm. “Prepared for the United States Air Force by RAND's Project AIR FORCE.” “MR-1016-AF.” Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0-8330-2663-1 1. Military art and science—Automation. I. Khalilzad, Zalmay M. II. White, John P. UG478.C43 1999 355.3 ' 43—dc21 99-24933 CIP RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and deci- sionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opin- ions or policies of its research sponsors. © Copyright 1999 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopy- ing, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permis- sion in writing from RAND. Cover design by Eileen Delson La Russo Published 1999 by RAND 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1333 H St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005-4707 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Internet: [email protected] PREFACE The effects of new information technologies are all around us.
    [Show full text]
  • Squander Cover
    The importance and vulnerability of the world’s protected areas Squandering THREATS TO PROTECTED AREAS SQUANDERING PARADISE? The importance and vulnerability of the world’s protected areas By Christine Carey, Nigel Dudley and Sue Stolton Published May 2000 By WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund) International, Gland, Switzerland Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above- mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. © 2000, WWF - World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund) ® WWF Registered Trademark WWF's mission is to stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by: · conserving the world's biological diversity · ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable · promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption Front cover photograph © Edward Parker, UK The photograph is of fire damage to a forest in the National Park near Andapa in Madagascar Cover design Helen Miller, HMD, UK 1 THREATS TO PROTECTED AREAS Preface It would seem to be stating the obvious to say that protected areas are supposed to protect. When we hear about the establishment of a new national park or nature reserve we conservationists breathe a sigh of relief and assume that the biological and cultural values of another area are now secured. Unfortunately, this is not necessarily true. Protected areas that appear in government statistics and on maps are not always put in place on the ground. Many of those that do exist face a disheartening array of threats, ranging from the immediate impacts of poaching or illegal logging to subtle effects of air pollution or climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Diplomacy
    Corporate Diplomacy The Strategy for a Volatile, Fragmented Business Environment Ulrich Steger International Institute for Management Development (IMD) withaforewordby Antony Burgmans CEO, Unilever Corporate Diplomacy Corporate Diplomacy The Strategy for a Volatile, Fragmented Business Environment Ulrich Steger International Institute for Management Development (IMD) withaforewordby Antony Burgmans CEO, Unilever Copyright#2003JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussexPO198SQ,England Telephone(+44)1243779777 Email(forordersandcustomerserviceenquiries):[email protected] VisitourHomePageonwww.wileyeurope.comorwww.wiley.com AllRightsReserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval systemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying, recording,scanningorotherwise,exceptunderthetermsoftheCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988orunderthetermsofalicenceissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency Ltd,90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP,UK,withoutthepermissioninwritingof thePublisher.RequeststothePublishershouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment, JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussexPO198SQ, England,[email protected],orfaxedto(+44)1243770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional
    [Show full text]
  • Natural & Cultural Resources Master Plan
    Visionary leaders a century ago realized how important it was to set aside natural, Message from the open space to be enjoyed by everyone. Though our county has grown into one of the densest urban areas in the country, we are never more than a short trip away from President nature. We are benefactors of what has grown into 69,000 acres of land containing some of the most diverse plant and wildlife species in North America. I have spent a lot time over the years learning about the prairies, wetlands, savannas and forest habitats that surround us. Each time I enjoy an activity with my grandchildren surrounded by nature, it is clear we have a responsibility not to squander this rich inheritance, especially for future generations. The Natural and Cultural Resources Master Plan was created to guide our restoration efforts into the next century. This document provides an assessment of the preserves and the framework needed to implement our ambitious goals of restoring 30,000 acres of land in 25 years. I want to thank the Prairie Research Institute at the University of Illinois for developing this comprehensive plan in partnership with the Forest Preserves of Cook County. PRI is a leading organization with researchers from multiple disciplines who work to promote natural and cultural resource sustainability. Their skills and perspective have helped us realize these first steps and I look forward to our ongoing partnership. Toni Preckwinkle President, Forest Preserves of Cook County The Natural and Cultural Resources Master Plan is an invaluable tool that will help steer Message from the the Forest Preserves of Cook County into a new era.
    [Show full text]
  • The Games Journal
    ISSUE 430 -NOVEMBER 2011 ISSN 0257-361X Volume 35 THE GAMES JOURNAL www.gamesjournal.at INTERNATIONAL EDITION: IN THIS ISSUE WE PRESENT 55 GAMES OUR REVIEW u DIE BRÜCKE AM RIO D‘ORO to drag ourselves back to camp with the NO CHILD’S PLAY last dredges of our strength from where we set out again boldly in the next round. On top of this, all is handled politically very cor- DIE BRÜCKE AM RIO D‘ORO rectly, which does not mean that there is no 3D TREASURE HUNT WITH A RISK tension in the race for the most treasures. At the start of the game four planks on the With „Die Brücke am Rio d’Oro“ Amigo en- The box inlay mutates into a deep canyon rope bridge are cracked and are placed ters into competition with games featuring with a roaring river at its bottom, crossed by with the cracked side showing accord- three-dimensional game set-ups, that usu- a three-dimensional plank made of sturdy ingly. Equipped with one man each it is ally are found with publishers like Kosmos cardboard, on the which the planks rest the challenge for all amateur Indys to cross and enchant especially children. Therefore only loosely – and some of them are already the bridge and carry up to three lovely glit- a first glance at the backside of the box, cracked deeply. One wrong step and you tering glass jewels back to camp in their where the set-up ready for play is shown, journey downwards accompanied by all backpacks.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict Simulation Comment and Analysis
    GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME Celebrating 50 Years of Service and Participation in the Wargaming Community Volume 50, Issue 6 December 2015 The Kommandeur : Conflict Simulation Comment and Analysis From the President Kenneth Oates From the Editor This marks the sixth and final issue for this year. For many years I have been collecting games. We are ending this year with several unresolved is- Some I actually play. However I feel it is time to get sues, more of which you will find below. Also in rid of most of them. Some are well worn, some are this issue you will find the latest Treasurer’s report. still in shrink wrap. They are listed on pages 22 Here is a summary of items of interest. through 29. To help with the postage, I will ask $2 a It was announced a few weeks ago that AHIKS game (I will ask $3 for the larger games). Contact member Cory Wells passed away. He was very ac- me with your choices. When I determine what I can tive on our Consimworld page, posting many ques- send you, I will let you know the cost. If you live tions and comments there. He will be missed. outside the U.S., we will have to discuss postage. It is also my duty to announce that Charles Mar- Contact me as soon as you have made your choice. I shall informed the Executive that due to his com- will be away most of December, so I do not expect puter upgrade, he will not be able to continue as to ship any games until January.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethics in Diplomacy
    ETHICS IN DIPLOMACY p u b l i c d i p l o m a c y m a g a z i n e . c o m CPD Perspectives on Public Diplomacy A series of papers showcasing the latest research and critical thinking on the study and practice of public diplomacy. Download the full archive: http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/perspectives Power and Public Diplomacy: he Case of the European Union in Brazil By María Luisa Azpíroz erspecti ves on Public Diplomacy Paper 2 , 2015 ETHICS IN DIPLOMACY Letter from the HowEditor should diplomats engage with foreign publics ethically? he twenty-first century seemed to be defying boundaries of In our endeavors to publish a magazine on ethics, our Editorial Team time and space until everything came to a stand-still due to the had the opportunity to reevaluate our own editorial practices this year to rapid spread of COVID-19 this past Spring. Since the outbreak, ensure that Public Diplomacy Magazine was in alignment with the ethics Tthe time spent indoors has created opportunities for us to pause and we were espousing. Inspired by The Journal of Public and International reevaluate the meaning of our lives and role in helping a hurting world. Affairs (JPIA), we created an entirely new Editorial Review Process for Many diplomats have since returned home to work remotely, which this issue that is now both streamlined and transparent. Moving forward, has placed limitations on their ability to engage with foreign audiences we trust this will improve the quality of our publication as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 114 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 161 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, MAY 14, 2015 No. 74 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was ular order. It allows Senators to ex- OBAMACARE called to order by the President pro press themselves without endangering Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, it is tempore (Mr. HATCH). more American trade jobs for the peo- good to see forward momentum on f ple we represent. trade. That is certainly good for the So this is good news. It is good news American people. But there are other PRAYER for bipartisanship. It is good news for a issues that both parties should want to The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- new Congress that is getting back to address, too, such as the broken prom- fered the following prayer: work. And it is good news for Amer- ises of ObamaCare. It would be nice to Let us pray. ica’s middle class. see more bipartisan support there, and Eternal God, King of the universe, The people we represent deserve the I hope we will at some point, because bestow upon our lawmakers under- kind of good jobs we could secure by we all know that ObamaCare is a law standing to know You, diligence to knocking down unfair trade barriers. filled—literally filled—with broken seek You, wisdom to find You, and a One estimate shows that trade agree- promises. We all keep seeing reminders faithfulness to embrace You.
    [Show full text]
  • Land and Law in the Age of Enterprise: a Legal History of Railroad Land Grants in the Pacific Northwest, 1864-1916 Sean M
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, History, Department of Department of History 5-2015 Land and Law in the Age of Enterprise: A Legal History of Railroad Land Grants in the Pacific Northwest, 1864-1916 Sean M. Kammer University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the Legal Commons, and the United States History Commons Kammer, Sean M., "Land and Law in the Age of Enterprise: A Legal History of Railroad Land Grants in the Pacific orN thwest, 1864-1916" (2015). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 84. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/84 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. LAND AND LAW IN THE AGE OF ENTERPRISE: A LEGAL HISTORY OF RAILROAD LAND GRANTS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, 1864 - 1916 by Sean M. Kammer A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor William G. Thomas III Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2015 LAND AND LAW IN THE AGE OF ENTERPRISE: A LEGAL HISTORY OF RAILROAD LAND GRANTS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, 1864 – 1916 Sean M. Kammer, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2015 Adviser: William G. Thomas III Federal land subsidies to railroad corporations comprised an important part of the federal government’s policies towards its western land domain in the middle decades of the nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Hopper Mountain, Bitter Creek and Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuges
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Hopper Mountain, Bitter Creek and Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuges Planning Update #1 - February 2010 Comprehensive Conservation Planning Begins in Spring 2010 Greetings from the Project Leader Hopper Mountain National Wildlife how comprehensive conservation plan- Refuge Complex is embarking on an ning fits into refuge management. important multi-year process to develop a Comprehensive Conservation Plan You should receive our second “Planning (CCP) for three of the four refuges in the Update” in the spring of 2010, describing Complex: Hopper Mountain, Bitter Creek, the beginning of the planning process and and Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuges information about attending our public (NWRs). These three refuges were scoping meetings. established to restore the endangered We will frequently refer to background California condor population to its native materials provided in this planning range. The fourth refuge in the Complex, update (Planning Update #1) throughout Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes NWR, will the CCP process. Please try to read it All condors have numbered wing tags and have a separate CCP prepared in the before our first meeting; this will help to transmitters to help biologists identify future. facilitate discussions at the public meet- and locate each bird. Photo: Gary Kramer/ USFWS The CCP will help guide the overall man- ings. We welcome your comments, sug- agement of the three refuges for the next gestions, and questions. 15 years. Your ideas and comments will I hope you’ll feel free to contact me or Content be an important part of the process, so I our Refuge Planner, Sandy Osborn, if you encourage you to participate.
    [Show full text]
  • Battlefield of the Future
    BATTLEFIELD OF THE FUTURE 21st Century Warfare Issues Barry R. Schneider Lawrence E. Grinter Revised Edition September 1998 The Air War College Studies in National Security was established as a forum for research on topics that influence the national security of the United States . Copies of No . 3 in this series are available from the Air War College, 325 Chennault Circle, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6427 . The fax number is (334) 953-7934 ; the telephone number is (334) 953-2103/DSN 493-2103/7074. Air War College Studies in National Security No. 3 Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6428 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Battlefield ofthe future : 21 st century warfare issues / [edited] by Barry R. Schneider and Lawrence E. Grinter-Rev. ed. p. cm. - (Air War College studies in national security : no. 3) I . Military art and science-Forecasting . 2. Twenty-first century . I. Schneider, Barry R. II. Grinter, Lawrence E. III. Series . U104.1338 1998 355.02'01'12-dc21 98-38913 CIP ISBN 1-58566-061-2 First Printing September 1995 Second Printing (Revised Edition) September 1998 Third Printing July 2001 Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not the offical policies or positions of the United States Department of Defense or the United States Government. For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 To Keegie (eSchneider) who so fully supported one of the editors in the preparation of Llm book, and to Gertrude E .
    [Show full text]