Network4value Final Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Ref. Ares(2013)2855361 - 08/08/2013 Sustainable Value Creation in Working Environments network4value Sustainable Value Creation in Networked Working Environments Final Report Report Version: Final version Report Preparation Date: 13 April 2006 Classification: Internal Authors: All partners Contract Start Date: 1st January 2005 Duration: 15 Months Project Co-ordinator: CKIR, Helsinki School of Economics (Finland) Partners: empirica GmbH (Germany), Nokia Corporation (Finland), University of St Gallen (Switzerland), VTT (Finland) Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission ii Table of Contents Forewords and Executive Summary ................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Introduction.......................................................................................................................5 1.1 Introduction to the Study....................................................................................................5 1.2 Introduction to NWEs.........................................................................................................8 1.2.1 Conceptualising New Working Environments.................................................8 1.2.2 Relations to Other Recent Concepts of Work Modernisation ......................11 1.2.3 Towards a Definition of NWEs .......................................................................31 Chapter 2: Impact of NWEs..............................................................................................................35 2.1 Available Evidence on Impacts of NWEs on Different Levels – Introductory Notes ...35 2.2 New Forms of Work Organisation and the Pro-active Workplace................................38 2.2.1 First Order Outcomes (Processes, Productivity and Performance) ............38 2.2.2 Second Order Outcomes (People and the Social Structure of the Organisation).............................................................................................................46 2.2.3 Third Order Outcomes: The Societal Level...................................................54 2.3 Virtual Collaboration ........................................................................................................58 2.3.1 First Order Outcomes (Processes, Productivity and Performance) ............58 2.3.2 Second Order Outcomes (People and the Social Structure of the Organisation).............................................................................................................69 2.3.3 Third Order Outcomes: The Societal Level...................................................74 2.4 Indicator Requirements for Measuring NWE .................................................................80 2.4.1 Readiness Indicators ......................................................................................82 2.4.2 Intensity Indicators: Uptake of NWEs and Value Drivers.............................87 2.4.3 Impact / outcomes indicators..........................................................................93 2.4.4 Summary: Policy Indicators Required ...........................................................98 2.5 Existing indicators on NWE-related phenomena ...........................................................98 2.5.1 Basic Challenges.............................................................................................99 2.5.2 Progress in Indicator Development on Related Phenomena.......................99 2.6 Synthesis: network4value Concise List of Policy Indicators.......................................106 Chapter 3: State-of-the-Art NWEs.................................................................................................120 3.1 Case Studies for Best Practice Assessment................................................................120 3.2 Summary of Findings from Cases ................................................................................125 3.3 Indicator Needs Arising from the NWE Cases.............................................................131 Chapter 4: Industry and Theme Specific Analysis.....................................................................134 4.1 Thematic and Domain Specific Roadmapping.............................................................134 4.2 Network4value Concise List of Policy Indicators.........................................................139 Chapter 5: Recommendations for Action ....................................................................................144 5.1 Call for Action to Support the Establishment of the Open European Collaboration Space (OECS)......................................................................................................................144 5.2 Recommendations for Indicator Work ..........................................................................158 Chapter 6: Conclusions and Outlook regarding i2010..............................................................161 6.1 Introduction to the European Challenge.......................................................................161 6.2 Implications Regarding i2010 Strategic Framework....................................................162 6.2.1 Job creation ...................................................................................................162 6.2.2 Inclusion.........................................................................................................163 6.2.3 Digital Convergence......................................................................................164 6.2.4 Competitiveness and Sustainability .............................................................164 6.3 Conclusions....................................................................................................................167 Literature ...........................................................................................................................................170 Appendix I: Theme and Domain Specific Roadmaps................................................................188 Endnotes ...........................................................................................................................................245 iii List of Figures Figure 1: Research Approach and Methodologies ..............................................................................6 Figure 2: Networked work as an activity system ...............................................................................11 Figure 3: Categorisation of New Forms of Work Organisation.........................................................15 Figure 4: Characteristics That Distinguish Different Virtual Teams..................................................21 Figure 5: Examples of the on-site moving type of mobile work........................................................25 Figure 6: The yo-yo kind of mobile work ............................................................................................25 Figure 7: Example of the pendulum type of mobile work..................................................................26 Figure 8: The nomad type of mobile work..........................................................................................26 Figure 9: The carrier type of mobile work...........................................................................................27 Figure 10: Types of physically mobile workers..................................................................................28 Figure 11: Forms of physical mobility.................................................................................................29 Figure 12: Matrix for describing NWEs according to organisational structure and knowledge/skill requirements ........................................................................................................................................33 Figure 13: Dimensions for classification of NWEs.............................................................................34 Figure 14: NWE taxonomy ..................................................................................................................35 Figure 15: Levels of analysis for measuring impacts of NWEs ........................................................36 Figure 16: Alternative model of interrelations between different levels of analysis ........................37 Figure 17: The “time constraints ó job demands” model.................................................................51 Figure 18: Association between spread of new work practices and investment in education .......56 Figure 19: Job demand / job control by occupational level...............................................................57 Figure 20: Basic problems of organisational communication and choice of communication media ...............................................................................................................................................................61 Figure 21: Conditions for Job Quality Through ICT Introduction......................................................72 Figure 22: Conditions for Job Quality Through ICT Introduction......................................................72 Figure 23: Market maturity determines research interest and needs: OECD Working Party on Indicators of the Information Society Model for IS indicators ...........................................................80 Figure 24: Factors affecting uptake of NWEs and their