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The Foundation of Ba Ybars Al-Jashankir: Its Waqf, History, and Architecture
LEONOR FERNANDES THE FOUNDATION OF BA YBARS AL-JASHANKIR: ITS WAQF, HISTORY, AND ARCHITECTURE The purpose of this study is to examine one of the Muhammad is known to have built or restored several earliest extant Mamluk khanqahs, that of Baybars al zawiyas, among them those for the two Tarturiyya Jashankir (Index 0] Mohammedan Monuments in Cairo, no. brothers, Muhammad and Ahmad, and for Shaykh 32; built in 1306-10), in the light ofits endowment deed Taqiy al-Din Rajab al-CAjami. 5 (waqfiyya) and the historical sources contemporary to it. Despite their sponsoring of shaykhs, however, and The reasons for selecting this particular foundation are their involvement in the construction of zawiyas, three: first, the building is in fairly good condition; sultans as weil as amirs were not yet ready openly to second, its waqfiyya and contemporary sources provide endorse the institution still disapproved of by the information that allows us to determine its plan and majority of the ulema and]uqahä) Only on rare occa functions with a reasonable degree of darity; and third, sions do we see the name of a royal or amirial patron both the building and the sources enable us to deter appear on the inscriptions of zawiyas they built or mine how the monument was inserted into a complex endowed with waqfs. One ofthese rare exceptions is on urban fabric and thus grasp the difficulty of the task the zawiya built in 1379 for Shaykh Hajji Rajab al the "architect"l was given when he was asked to Shirazi al-Haydari by Amir Barquq.6 put up a building that would satisfy both his patron While patronage of popular Sufism by the ruling and the unwritten architectural laws defining funerary dass was cautious and restrained, its endorsement of architecture of the period. -
Monitoring and Assessment of Ambient Benzene Concentration and Its Health Impact in Urban Area in Tehran
Monitoring and assessment of ambient benzene concentration and its health impact in urban area in Tehran Farideh Atabi, Ph.D. Assistant Prof., Graduate School of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran & S. A. H. Mirzahosseini, Ph.D. U.S. – Iran Symposium on “Urban Air Pollution in Megacities” Beckman Center of National Academies of Sciences & Engineering Irvine, California 1 September 3-5, 2013 Outline • Background • Methodology • Field Measurement • Interpolation Using IDW Model • Cancer Risk Assessment • Conclusions 2 Background 3 Background Main sources of ambient Benzene [ATSDR, 2007]: 1. The vehicles’ exhaust 2. Gasoline evaporation 3. Leakage from natural gas 4. Emissions from the use of solvents and paints, 5. Using as an additive to unleaded gasoline,… Benzene is an aromatic volatile organic compound characterized by US EPA as a “known” human carcinogen for all routes of exposure and is clasified by the International Association on the Risks of Cancer [IARC, 1987] as class 1 carcinogen. 4 Background Annual averages of Benzene concentration have been measured in various European regions (Cocheo et al. 2000; Skov et al. 2001). The annual average concentrations of benzene in metropolitans have ranged from a almost zero to more than 6.25 ppb (Anabtawi et al. 1996). In Japan, the ambient standard for benzene concentration has been set to be 0.69 ppb (Laowagul and Yoshizumi, 2009). Iran Department of the Environment (DoE) and US EPA have set the standard for the ambient Benzene concentration levels to be 1.56 ppb [Iran DOE, 2010]. 5 Background Despite the regulations established, benzene concentrations and cancer risk assessment have not been investigated in Tehran due to the lack of data for ambient benzene concentration levels. -
Iran's Annual Petchem Exports Rises to 19M Tons
Azeri and Iranian NUMOV 2016 confab Mahdavikia: Zidane is Cannes to 21112defense chiefs discuss 4 on Iran to Kick off the best player I’ve screen “Maman NATION Karabakh conflict ECONOMY tomorrow in Berlin SPORTS played against ART& CULTURE Soori’s Case” WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y Top judge: Any move to undermine missile program is a ‘betrayal’ 2 12 Pages Price 10,000 Rials 37th year No.12520 Tuesday APRIL 5, 2016 Farvardin 17, 1395 Jumada Al Thani 26, 1437 International politics Assad: Iran of Middle East is Iran’s annual petchem helping bewilderingly complex: to find a Bruce Hall exports rises to 19m tons EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW ECONOMY TEHRAN — Iran lion-ton increase compared to its chemicals were produced by the use of solution to By Javad Heirannia deskexported 19 million preceding year, according to an official 80 percent of the capacity of domestic tons of petrochemical products during with Iran’s National Petrochemical Com- plants,” Alimohammad Bossaqzadeh, TEHRAN — Rodney Bruce Hall, a professor of inter- Syria crisis the past Iranian calendar year of 1394 pany (NPC). the NPC’s control manager told the Sha- By staff and agency national relations at the University of Macau, says, “The (which ended on March 19), a 2.5-mil- “Yesteryear, 46 million tons of petro- na news agency on Monday. contemporary international politics of the Middle East is 4 Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has bewilderingly complex.” said that a solution to the Syrian cri- In an interview with the Tehran Times, Hall says, “This sis should -
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IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways -
Lembaga Pendidikan Kaum Sufi Zawiyah, Ribath Dan Khanqah
LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN KAUM SUFI ZAWIYAH, RIBATH DAN KHANQAH Oleh : M. Faizul Amirudin Dosen STAI Bumi Silampari Lubuklinggau ABSTRACT The institutions for non-formal education before the period madrassa showed concern for the importance of education for citizens who showed the dynamics of Islamic education is very dynamic, and it showed a model of democratic education, freely controlled even tolerance. Educational institutions that include mosques, al-Kutab, Zawiyah, Ribath, Khanaqah and others Kata kunci: Zawiyah, Ribath, khanqah. A. Pendahuluan Dalam sejarah awal perkembangan Islam, pendidikan Islam sebagaimana yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW adalah merupakan upaya pembebasan manusia dari belenggu akidah sesat yang dianut oleh kelompok Quraisy dan upaya pembebasan manusia dari segala bentuk penindasan suatu kelompok terhadap kelompok lain yang dipandang rendah status sosialnya. Dalam perkembangan tasawuf, baik sebagai sebuah konsep pemikiran maupun sebuah praktik dan gerakan, membutuhkan dan mengembangkan satu sistem pendidikan yang khas di mana persoalan spiritual mendapat tempat paling dominan. Pada gilirannya, per- kembangan ini melahirkan lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Sufi yang merupakan fenomena besar dan tidak mungkin diabaikan dalam kajian sejarah pendidikan Islam. Dengan demikian, ada korelasi yang cukup signifikan antara tasawuf sebagai bagian dari ajaran Islam di satu pihak dan pendidikan (Islam) sebagai hasil dari peradaban (budaya) di pihak lain. Munculnya lembaga-lembaga pendidikan non formal sebelum periode madrasah memperlihatkan kepedulian 120 M. Faizul Amirudin, Lembaga Pendidikan Kaum Sufi terhadap pentingnya pendidikan bagi warga masyarakat yang menunjukkan adanya dinamika pendidikan Islam yang amat dinamis, serta menunjukkan sebuah model pendidikan yang demokratis, bebas terkendali bahkan juga toleransi. Pada umumnya lembaga pendidikan Islam sebelum masa periode madrasah atau disebut juga masa klasik, diklasifikasikan atas dasar muatan kurikulum yang diajarkan. -
Analysis of Vocal Ornamentation in Iranian Classical Music
437 Analysis of Vocal Ornamentation in Iranian Classical Music Sepideh Shafiei Graduate Center, City University of New York [email protected] ABSTRACT There are two main recorded vocal radifs sung by two mas- ters of the art during the twentieth century: Davami¯ and In this paper we study tahrir, a melismatic vocal ornamen- Karimi. tation which is an essential characteristic of Persian classi- cal music and can be compared to yodeling. It is consid- Tahrir is rapid transition between the main note and a ered the most important technique through which the vo- higher-pitched note. The second note is usually referred calist can display his/her prowess. In Persian, nightingale’s to as tekyeh, which means leaning in Persian. From sig- song is used as a metaphor for tahrir and sometimes for a nal processing perspective one of the differences between specific type of tahrir. Here we examine tahrir through tahrir and vibrato is that the pitch rises and fall in tahrir is a case study. We have chosen two prominent singers of usually sharper and the deviation from the main notes can Persian classical music one contemporary and one from be larger compared to vibrato [3]. Also, the oscillation in the twentieth century. In our analysis we have appropri- vibrato is toward both higher and lower frequency around ated both audio recordings and transcriptions by one of the the main note, but in tahrir mainly the higher frequency most prominent ethnomusicologists, Masudiyeh, who has is touched abruptly. There are different types of tahrir in worked on Music of Iran [1]. -
No Change in Iran-U.S. Relations Without Removal of Sanctions
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y Pages Price 40,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 39th year No.13472 Wednesday AUGUST 28, 2019 Shahrivar 6, 1398 Dhul Hijjah 26, 1440 Iran needs not Iranian youth will hit Iran make history at Multimedia exhibit to permission from other back at Trump’s bullying, West Asia Championship explore feelings of mourners countries 3 Macron’s deceit 3 Women Basketball 15 in Muharram rituals 16 See page 2 Over 2,600 agricultural projects No change in Iran-U.S. relations to be inaugurated this week TEHRAN — Iran’s Agriculture Minis- to create more than 94,000 job op- try announced that 2,616 development portunities across the country, IRIB and production projects worth 29.11 reported. without removal of sanctions trillion rials (about $693 million) will As reported, Khorasan Razavi with be inaugurated across the country on 280 projects, Isfahan with 260 projects the occasion of the Government Week and West Azarbaijan with 220 projects Govt. launches project to build 110,000 affordable housing units 4 (August 24-30). were the top three provinces in terms of Inaugurating these projects is set the number of allocated projects. 4 Iran, Qatar launch new shipping route TEHRAN — Iran and Qatar have launched Passengers can go on four- to five-day a new direct shipping route, connecting tours paying $200 to $500, he said, add- the southern Iranian port city of Bushehr ing the tours take 12 hours to 20 hours to Qatar’s Doha. -
Spiritual Rituals at Sufi Shrines in Punjab: a Study of Khawaja Shams-Ud-Din Sialvi, Sial Sharif and Meher Ali Shah of Golra Sharif Vol
Global Regional Review (GRR) URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).23 Spiritual Rituals at Sufi Shrines in Punjab: A Study of Khawaja Shams-Ud-Din Sialvi, Sial Sharif and Meher Ali Shah of Golra Sharif Vol. IV, No. I (Winter 2019) | Page: 209 ‒ 214 | DOI: 10.31703/grr.2019(IV-I).23 p- ISSN: 2616-955X | e-ISSN: 2663-7030 | ISSN-L: 2616-955X Abdul Qadir Mushtaq* Muhammad Shabbir† Zil-e-Huma Rafique‡ This research narrates Sufi institution’s influence on the religious, political and cultural system. The masses Abstract frequently visit Sufi shrines and perform different rituals. The shrines of Khawaja Shams-Ud-Din Sialvi of Sial Sharif and Meher Ali Shah of Golra Sharif have been taken as case study due to their religious importance. It is a common perception that people practice religion according to their cultural requirements and this paper deals rituals keeping in view cultural practices of the society. It has given new direction to the concept of “cultural dimensions of religious analysis” by Clifford Geertz who says “religion: as a cultural system” i.e. a system of symbols which synthesizes a people’s ethos and explain their words. Eaton and Gilmartin have presented same historical analysis of the shrines of Baba Farid, Taunsa Sharif and Jalalpur Sharif. This research is descriptive and analytical. Primary and secondary sources have been consulted. Key Words: Khanqah, Dargah, SajjadaNashin, Culture, Esoteric, Exoteric, Barakah, Introduction Sial Sharif is situated in Sargodha region (in the center of Sargodha- Jhang road). It is famous due to Khawaja Shams-Ud-Din Sialvi, a renowned Chishti Sufi. -
Development of Islamic Sciences in Kashmir
DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC SCIENCES IN KASHMIR ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTBD FOR THE DEGREE OF I&. "H Boctor of $i)ilo!E(op^p \\ ^ IN ISLAMIC STUDIES BY Mushtaq Ahmad Wani Under the Supervision of Dr. TAIYABA NASRIN DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1999 ji' '.•>: ,( Ace. No.. )• ^, ''-ii-.i b n ABSTRACT Tl^e present thesis is comprised of five chapters and a conclusion. The chapters of the thesis are arranged in the following order : 1. Islam in Kashmir 2. Development of Ilm al-Tafsir in Kashmir 3. Development of Ilm al-Hadith in Kashmir 4. Development of Ilm al-Fiqh in Kashmir 5. Development of Ilm al-Tasawwufin Kashmir 6. Conclusion The first chapter is a historical survey of the Islamisation of Kashmir. It starts with the conversion of the people of Kashmir to Islamic world-view and value- system in the early 14th century A.D., at the hands of Syed Sharaf al-Din Abdur Rahman Bulbul Shah. The pioneering role of Mir Syed Ali Hamadani in converting the people of Kashmir to Islamic way of life is prominently featured in this chapter. The role of other sufis especially that of Mir Muhammad Hamadani is highlighted in this chapter as well. The role played by local sufis and Rishis in the stabilisation of Islamic way of life in Kashmir is also brought out. The leading role of Shaikh Nur al-Din Wali and Shaikh Hamza Makhdum features prominently in this regard. The historical significance of such leading lights of Kashmir as Shaikh Yaqub Sarfi, Mulla Muhammad Mohsin Fani, Mulla Kamal Kashmiri and Mulla Jamal also features in this chapter. -
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AN ANALYSIS OF ECLECTIC THEATRE IN IRAN BASED ON TA’ZIYEH FARIDEH ALIZADEH CULTURAL CENTRE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR University 2015of Malaya AN ANALYSIS OF ECLECTIC THEATRE IN IRAN BASED ON TA’ZIYEH FARIDEH ALIZADEH THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY CULTURAL CENTRE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR University of Malaya 2015 UNIVERSITI MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: Farideh Alizadeh Registration/Matric No: RHA110003 Name of Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis (“this Work”): An Analysis of Eclectic Theatre in Iran Based on Ta’ziyeh Field of Study: Drama/Theatre I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author/writer of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor ought I reasonably to know that the making of this Work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work; (5) I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the University of Malaya (‘UM’), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by any means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having been first had and obtained; (6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal action or any other action as may be determined by UM. -
Life Science Journal 2013;10(9S) Http
Life Science Journal 2013;10(9s) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Studying Mistaken Theory of Calendar Function of Iran’s Cross-Vaults Ali Salehipour Department of Architecture, Heris Branch, Islamic Azad University, Heris, Iran [email protected] Abstract: After presenting the theory of calendar function of Iran’s cross-vaults especially “Niasar” cross-vault in recent years, there has been lots of doubts and uncertainty about this theory by astrologists and archaeologists. According to this theory “Niasar cross-vault and other cross-vaults of Iran has calendar function and are constructed in a way that sunrise and sunset can be seen from one of its openings in the beginning and middle of each season of year”. But, mentioning historical documentaries we conclude here that the theory of calendar function of Iran’s cross-vaults does not have any strong basis and individual cross-vaults had only religious function in Iran. [Ali Salehipour. Studying Mistaken Theory of Calendar Function of Iran’s Cross-Vaults. Life Sci J 2013;10(9s):17-29] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3 Keywords: cross-vault; fire temple; Calendar function; Sassanid period 1. Introduction 2.3 Conformity Of Cross-Vaults’ Proportions With The theory of “calendar function of Iran’s Inclined Angle Of Sun cross-vaults” is a wrong theory introduced by some The proportion of “base width” to “length of interested in astronomy in recent years and this has each side” of cross-vault, which is a fixed proportion caused some doubts and uncertainties among of 1 to 2.3 to 3.9 makes 23.5 degree arch between researchers of astronomy and archaeologists but the edges of bases and the visual line created of it except some distracted ideas, there has not been any which is equal to inclining edge of sun. -
Arab Scholars and Ottoman Sunnitization in the Sixteenth Century 31 Helen Pfeifer
Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Islamic History and Civilization Studies and Texts Editorial Board Hinrich Biesterfeldt Sebastian Günther Honorary Editor Wadad Kadi volume 177 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ihc Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Edited by Tijana Krstić Derin Terzioğlu LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: “The Great Abu Sa’ud [Şeyhü’l-islām Ebū’s-suʿūd Efendi] Teaching Law,” Folio from a dīvān of Maḥmūd ‘Abd-al Bāqī (1526/7–1600), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The image is available in Open Access at: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/447807 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Krstić, Tijana, editor. | Terzioğlu, Derin, 1969- editor. Title: Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 / edited by Tijana Krstić, Derin Terzioğlu. Description: Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Islamic history and civilization. studies and texts, 0929-2403 ; 177 | Includes bibliographical references and index.