Introducing the Social Sciences for Midwifery Practice
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Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 Introducing the Social Sciences for Midwifery Practice Introducing the Social Sciences for Midwifery Practice makes clear the links between social, anthropological and psychological concepts, midwifery practice and women’s experience of birth. Demonstrating how empathising with women and understanding the context in which they live can affect childbirth outcomes and experiences, this evidence-based text emphasises the importance of compassionate and humane care in midwifery practice. Exploring midwifery as an art, as well as a science, the authors collected here make the case for midwives as professionals working ‘with women’ rather than as birth tech- nicians, taking a purely competency-based approach to practice. The book incorporates a range of pedagogical features to enhance student learning, including overall chapter aims and learning outcomes, ‘recommendations for practice’, ‘learning triggers’ to encourage the reader to delve deeper and reflect on practice, ‘application to practice’ case studies that ensure that the theory is related to contemporary practice, and a glos- sary of terms. The chapters cover perspectives on birth from sociology, psychology, anthropology, law, social policy and politics. Other chapters address important issues such as disability and sexuality. Outlining relevant theory from the social sciences and clearly applying it to practice, this text is an essential read for all student midwives, registered midwives and doulas. Patricia Lindsay did her nurse training in London, then trained as a midwife. She has been a practising midwife since 1974, and a midwifery teacher since 1991. She has worked in the UK and in the Sultanate of Oman. She was Lead Midwife for Education at Anglia Ruskin University, UK, until the end of August 2014. Her doctoral thesis was on incident reporting in maternity care and she has presented posters on this topic at national and international conferences. Her interests are patient safety in maternity care, women’s mental health and support-worker training. Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 Ian Peate began his nursing career in 1981 at Central Middlesex Hospital, becoming an enrolled nurse working in an intensive care unit. He later undertook three years of student nurse training at Central Middlesex and Northwick Park Hospitals, becoming a staff nurse, then a charge nurse. He has worked in nurse education since 1989. His key areas of interest are nursing practice and theory, men’s health, sexual health and HIV. Ian has published widely; he is Professor of Nursing and Head of School, School of Health Studies Gibraltar and Editor in Chief, British Journal of Nursing. This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 Introducing the Social Sciences for Midwifery Practice Birthing in a contemporary society Edited by Patricia Lindsay and Ian Peate Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 First published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 P. Lindsay and I. Peate The right of Patricia Lindsay and Ian Peate to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Introducing the social sciences for midwifery practice : birthing in a contemporary society / edited by Patricia Lindsay and Ian Peate. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. I. Lindsay, Patricia, 1951–, editor. II. Peate, Ian, editor. [DNLM: 1. Midwifery—methods. 2. Sociological Factors. 3. Sociology, Medical. WQ 160] RG950 618.2—dc23 2014048872 ISBN: 978-1-138-01553-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-01554-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-79428-0 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Keystroke, Station Road, Codsall, Wolverhampton Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 Dedication This book is dedicated to the women and families we care for and who teach midwives most of what they know. Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 Contents List of figures, tables and boxes ix Author biographies xi Acknowledgements xv Preface xvii Foreword xxi 1 Introduction to sociology 1 kate nash 2 Application of sociology to midwifery 20 kate nash 3 Psychology and midwifery practice 42 jane j. weaver 4 Anthropology and midwifery 56 caroline squire 5 Conformity and conflict in maternity services 71 christine grabowska 6 Spirituality and midwifery care 87 louise hunter 7 Consent, choice and childbirth 103 Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 elizabeth prochaska 8 Politics and birth 114 patricia lindsay 9 Social policy for midwives 130 mandie scamell and andy alaszewski viii Social Sciences for Midwifery Practice 10 The woman with a disability 144 maxine wallis-redworth 11 Sexuality and midwifery 158 susan walker and mary stewart Glossary 176 Index 180 Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 List of figures, tables and boxes Figures 8.1 NHS structure following reforms, after April 2013 120 8.2 Funding for education and training 121 8.3 The regulation of providers in the new NHS in England 122 11.1 The various frameworks associated with sexuality 162 Tables 1.1 Examples of the use of sociological research within midwifery 10 1.2 An overview of quantitative research methods 13 1.3 An overview of qualitative research methods 14 1.4 Main differences between qualitative and quantitative research 15 1.5 Lincoln and Guba’s translation of terms for establishing rigour in interpretative inquiry 16 2.1 Summary of the key findings of the national survey of women’s experience of maternity care as compared with earlier findings 27 8.1 Classical ideologies 116 Boxes Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 2.1 Definition of authoritative knowledge 23 2.2 Summary of the functions of the UKCC and NMC 24 2.3 Overview of the negative aspects of the culture identified in the Francis report 28 2.4 An overview of some examples of medical/midwifery practices that continue to persist in some units despite evidence that shows they are not beneficial and may be harmful to women and their babies 29 x Social Sciences for Midwifery Practice 2.5 Overview of midwifery supervision 32 2.6 Overview of trends in the maternal population in England 33 9.1 Key points for historic development of health policy: State expansion and the development of social policy 131 9.2. Key points for women’s choice in pregnancy and childbirth 137 Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 Author biographies Andy Alaszewski is Emeritus Professor of Health Studies at the University of Kent. He is an applied social scientist who has examined the ways in which social policy making has shaped the ways in health and social care professionals deliver health and social care. He edits Health, Risk & Society, an international peer reviewed journal, and is author of Using Diaries for Social Research 2006 and co-author of Risk, Safety and Clinical Practice: Healthcare through the lens of risk 2010 (with B. Heyman and colleagues) and Making Health Policy: A Critical Introduction 2012 (with Patrick Brown). Christine Grabowska RN, RM, BSc, MSc, ADM, PGCEA, Lic Ac, Lic OHM, Dip CST trained as a nurse at St George’s and as a midwife at the Whittington Hospitals in London. She completed her BSc in the Social Sciences at the London School of Economics and her Master’s in Medical Sociology at the Royal Holloway. She has worked with women supporting them in their births at home, hospital and in combination with the DOMINO scheme. She became a midwife teacher in 1990 and later became an acupuncturist, oriental herbalist and cranio-sacral therapist. Her research looked at combining midwifery with traditional Chinese medicine, pursuing the use of moxibustion to turn a breech presentation. She teaches the social sciences and has further interests in human rights, physiological birth and nurturing. Louise Hunter PhD, MA (Oxon), RM studied theology at Oxford before training to be a midwife in 1999, after the births of her two children. She has worked as a community midwife in Oxford and as a lecturer at the University of West London, Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 and is now a senior lecturer in midwifery at Oxford Brookes University. Louise’s doctoral thesis on young mothers and breastfeeding led her to examine the culture of the postnatal ward and its impact on care and maternal wellbeing. Patricia Lindsay RN, RM, MSc, PGCEA, DHC did her nurse training in London and then trained as a midwife. She has been a practising midwife since 1974, and a midwifery teacher since 1991.