DOCSLIB.ORG

Sacred Psychoanalysis” – an Interpretation Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sacred Psychoanalysis” – an Interpretation Of “SACRED PSYCHOANALYSIS” – AN INTERPRETATION OF THE EMERGENCE AND ENGAGEMENT OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOANALYSIS by JAMES ALISTAIR ROSS A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham July 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT From the 1970s the emergence of religion and spirituality in psychoanalysis is a unique development, given its traditional pathologizing stance. This research examines how and why ‘sacred psychoanalysis’ came about and whether this represents a new analytic movement with definable features or a diffuse phenomena within psychoanalysis that parallels developments elsewhere. After identifying the research context, a discussion of definitions and qualitative reflexive methodology follows. An account of religious and spiritual engagement in psychoanalysis in the UK and the USA provides a narrative of key people and texts, with a focus on the theoretical foundations established by Winnicott and Bion. This leads to a detailed examination of the literary narratives of religious and spiritual engagement understood from: Christian; Natural; Maternal; Jewish; Buddhist; Hindu; Muslim; Mystical; and Intersubjective perspectives, synthesized into an interpretative framework of sacred psychoanalysis. Qualitative interviews were then undertaken with leading experts focusing on the lived experience of contemporary psychoanalysts. From a larger sample, eleven interviews were selected for a thematic narrative analysis and from within this sample, six interviews were then the focus of a reflexive intersubjective analysis, utilizing psychoanalytic techniques. This research concludes that three forms of sacred psychoanalysis can be identified embracing a generic framework for theoretical and clinical understanding; a framework for intersubjective presence; and a framework for spiritual/sacred encounter. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have made this work possible, far too many to name, but thank you. You have helped me on the long and invigorating climb to the summit. My thanks go to the Barber Institute of Fine Arts, at the University of Birmingham for permission to reproduce The Church at Varengeville, 1882 by Monet, Claude (1840-1926) ©The Barber Institute of Fine Arts, University of Birmingham/ The Bridgeman Art Library Special thanks to my supervisors, Gordon Lynch, for being there at the start, and Stephen Pattison for being there right to the end. I also wish to thank the psychoanalysts who were willing to be interviewed, sharing aspects of themselves that are rarely touched upon. They gave something very rich and enduring to me. A final thanks to my wife and family – Judy, Hannah and Toby – who have seen a little less of me for the past seven years. CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 PART A. THE CONTEXT, DEFINITION AND HISTORY OF RELIGION, SPIRITUALITY AND THE SACRED IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOANALYSIS Chapter One. Psychoanalytic, personal and methodological contexts 7 1. Psychoanalytic context 7 2. Personal context 13 3. Methodological context 15 Old weltanshauung wine in new paradigmatic bottles A reflexive methodology Ontological dimensions Epistemological context Chapter Two. Locating and defining contemporary psychoanalysis, 28 religion, spirituality and the sacred 1. Locating contemporary psychoanalysis 28 2. Locating religion, spirituality and the sacred 30 Defining religion Defining spirituality Defining the sacred Chapter Three. Psychoanalysis in religious and spiritual contexts 40 Chapter Four. Religious and spiritual engagement in British 45 psychoanalysis – an overview Chapter Five. Religious and Spiritual engagement in American 53 psychoanalysis – an overview Chapter Six. New foundations: Winnicott and Bion 60 – theoretical developments for religion, spirituality and the sacred Winnicott and the origins of a transitional paradigm Winnicott and religion Bion and the origins of a transformational paradigm Bion, O and the mystical PART B. THE ENGAGEMENT OF RELIGION, SPIRITUALITY AND THE SACRED IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOANALYSIS Chapter Seven. Patterns of engagement – Confessional/Credal 78 Parallel Lines – Meissner’s contribution God-representations – a new analytic concept Chapter Eight. Patterns of engagement – Incarnational/Transferential 96 Leavy’s psychoanalytic image of God Jones’ transference and transcendence Chapter Nine. Patterns of engagement – Natural Religion 104 Psychoanalysis – a monotheistic natural religion Psychoanalysis – a moral natural religion Chapter Ten. Patterns of engagement – the return of the Mother 114 Chapter Eleven. Patterns of engagement – Jewish perspectives 120 Chapter Twelve. Patterns of engagement – Buddhist perspectives 125 Psychoanalytic and Buddhist engagement in Britain Psychoanalytic and Buddhist engagement in the USA Chapter Thirteen. Patterns of engagement – Hindu perspectives 140 Distinctive trends in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy Contemporary overview – psychoanalysis Chapter Fourteen. Patterns of engagement – Muslim perspectives 150 Chapter Fifteen. Patterns of engagement – Mystical perspectives 154 Key figures Key ideas and developments Chapter Sixteen. Patterns of engagement – Self-psychology, 164 interpersonal, intersubjective and relational perspectives PART C. METHODOLOGY, INTERVIEWS AND NARRATIVE ANALYSIS Chapter Seventeen. Research methodology 171 The selection of research subjects The selection of research data Chapter Eighteen. Research ethics processes 180 Chapter Nineteen. Research interview processes 183 The methodology of recording and transcription Chapter Twenty. Analyzing qualitative research interviews 187 Psychoanalytic intersubjective interview methodology Thematic narrative analysis Group intersubjective analysis Chapter Twenty-One. Psychoanalytic intersubjective interview methodology 1. Contextual Issues 195 2. Jessica Benjamin (JB) 197 3. Phil Mollon (PM) 204 4. Alessandra Lemma (AL) 209 5. Adam Phillips (AP) 215 6. Anonymous (AN) 220 7. Jim Grotstein (JG) 225 Chapter Twenty-Two. Reflexive commentary and analysis 232 The past in the present – ontological presence The personal present – conscious presence The unconscious present – unconscious presence The shared present – intersubjective presence Chapter Twenty-Three. A thematic narrative analysis 245 Theme 1: Psychoanalysis - Freud then and now 246 Theme 2: Key Psychoanalytic Thinkers 247 The polarization of Klein The ontology of Bion The creativity of Winnicott The neglected Jung Theme 3: Contemporary psychoanalysis 252 Evolution not revolution Revolution not evolution A pluralistic and spiritual ethos A transformative experience Theme 4: Contemporary psychoanalysts 256 Theme 5: Religion and Religious 260 Context Reactions and Reflections Autobiography and lived experience Clients/Patients and clinical encounter Dialogue partner Fundamentalism – religious and psychoanalytic Theme 6: Spiritual/Spirituality 280 Religious decline and spiritual growth Evolving generic spirituality Spirituality as “Coming Out” Theme 7: Buddhism/Buddhist 287 Theme 8: Mystical/Mystic/O 289 Theme 9: Love 291 Chapter Twenty-Four. Thematic commentary and analysis 293 PART D. SACRED PSYCHOANALYSIS – AN INTERPRETATION Chapter Twenty-Five. ‘Sacred psychoanalysis’ and hermeneutics 301 Chapter Twenty-Six. ‘Sacred psychoanalysis’– an interpretative framework 307 Chapter Twenty-Seven. ‘Sacred psychoanalysis’ – interviews and encounters 324 Chapter Twenty-Eight. ‘Sacred psychoanalysis’ – a hermeneutic of transition 331 Transition as transitional space Transition as evocations of thirdness Chapter Twenty-Nine. ‘Sacred psychoanalysis’ 336 – a hermeneutic of transformation Signals of transcendence Mystery and Mystical Acts of Faith Channel for the divine/Other/I-Thou/O Aesthetic and Transformational Objects Love – a missing dimension of the sacred in psychoanalysis Chapter Thirty. ‘Sacred psychoanalysis’- Concluding reflections 349 Other stories – an alternative narrative of research Conclusion APPENDICES Appendix 1. Introductory letter, interview questions and 358 ethical consent form Appendix 2. Interview text: David Black 362 Appendix 3. The unpublished Freud/Pfister correspondence 389 Appendix 4. Ontological foundations 392 Appendix 5. A summary of Rizzuto’s concepts of god and 394 object representations Appendix 6. Qualitative Research Day 28th March 2009 396 Appendix 7. Meeting Mike Eigen – a psychoanalytic mystic 400 Appendix 8. Is it possible for religious thinking and psychoanalytic 410 thinking to coexist? List of References 412 INTRODUCTION My conscious engagement with Freud emerged during my training as a minister of religion working out what theology meant in the context of doing group therapy with in-patients in a psychiatric hospital. At first it seemed as if I was acquiring some esoteric knowledge represented by the 24-volumes of the Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Attachment Styles and Use of Defense Mechanisms: a Study of the Adult Attachment Projective and Cramer's Defense Mechanism Scale
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2006 Attachment Styles and Use of Defense Mechanisms: A Study of the Adult Attachment Projective and Cramer's Defense Mechanism Scale Paul Matthew Hoffman University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Hoffman, Paul Matthew, "Attachment Styles and Use of Defense Mechanisms: A Study of the Adult Attachment Projective and Cramer's Defense Mechanism Scale. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2006. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4254 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Paul Matthew Hoffman entitled "Attachment Styles and Use of Defense Mechanisms: A Study of the Adult Attachment Projective and Cramer's Defense Mechanism Scale." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Philosophy. Leonard Handler, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend
    [Show full text]
  • M 4-6Pm and by Appointment Psychology of Religion
    Instructor: Matthew Dillon [email protected] MWF 11:00-11:50pm Office hours: M 4-6pm and by appointment Psychology of Religion “Our normal waking consciousness, rational consciousness as we call it, is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the filmiest of screens, there lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different.” ~ William James "Religion is an illusion and it derives its strength from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires." ~ Sigmund Freud “All ages before ours believed in gods in some form or other. Only an unparalleled impoverishment in symbolism could enable us to rediscover the gods as psychic factors, which is to say, as archetypes of the unconscious. ” ~Carl Jung Course Description This course provides an overview of the basic approaches in the psychological understanding of religious belief and practice. Topics to be addressed in religious systems East and West include: sex, religious experience, ritual, myth, ecstasy, God and meditation. Course Goals 1) Introduce the class to some major thinkers in the field of psychology of religion: James, Freud, Jung, Erikson, Winnicott, Maslow, Kakar, Boyer and Tremlin. 2) Cover some major theories in the psychology of religion: psychoanalysis, analytical psychology, ego psychology, self psychology, object-relations, neurological and cognitive science, and comparative-dialogical models. 3) Survey the history of the psychological sciences and their intersections with religion from the “Discovery of the Unconscious” with Franz Anton Mesmer to the recent boom in neuro-cognitive studies. 4) Expose students to the problems and nuances in exporting western psychological models for the study of non-western or historical religious phenomena.
    [Show full text]
  • Freud, Stern and Mcgilchrist: Developmental and Cultural Implications of Their Work
    volume 3 no. 2 (8) 2019 DOI:10.14394/eidos.jpc.2019.0021 Daniel Burston Psychology Department Duquesne University Freud, Stern and McGilchrist: Developmental and Cultural Implications of Their Work Abstract: “Human beings have two fundamentally different ways of thinking about and engaging with the world.” Some variant of this proposition is shared by many thinkers across time. This paper focuses on the core similarities and the subtle (but significant) differences between Freud’s theory of primary and secondary processes, Karl Stern’s theory of the scientific and poetic modes of knowledge and Iain McGilchrist’s account of the differences between left and right-hemispheric competences, values and ways of “being-in-the-world”. It asks whether (or to what extent) the collective tendency to privilege one “way of knowing” over another promotes or inhibits optimal human development and cultural change and transformation. Keywords: psychoanalysis, modes of knowing, hemispheric dominance, modernity, postmodernism Two Ways of Knowing the World? In October of 2009, Iain McGilchrist, an eminent psychiatrist and literary scholar, published a remarkable book entitled The Master and His Emissary. The book is 608 pages long, and divided into two parts, but its thesis can be summarized as follows. The right and left cerebral hemispheres almost invariably work in unison. But they possess different qualities, competences, and embrace – or better yet, embody – very different values. The right hemisphere processes information in ways that are intuitive, non-verbal, holistic and context-sensitive, 109 Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture vol. 3: no. 2 (8) 2019 and values empathy and altruism.
    [Show full text]
  • Projective Identification As a Form of Communication in the Therapeutic Relationship: a Case Study
    PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION AS A FORM OF COMMUNICATION IN THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP: A CASE STUDY. MICHELLE CRAWFORD UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE 1996 A minor dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Masters of Arts in Clinical Psychology http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEN1ENTS ABSTRACT 11 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Donald Winnicott's concept of the "holding environment" as a metaphor for aspects of the therapeutic relationship 7 2.3 Wilfred Bion's concept of the "container and contained" as a metaphor for the therapeutic relationship 8 2.4 Transference 9 2.4. l Freud's Formulation: 9 2.4.2 Subsequent historical developments and debates around transference and its interpretation: 12 2.5 Countertransference 21 2.5.1 Freud's Formulation: 21 2.5.2 Subsequent historical developments and debates around countertransference and its usefulness: 22 2.6 Review 28 CHAPTER THREE PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION 30 3.1 Introduction 30 3.2 Freud's Contribution 30 3.3 Melanie Klein's definition of Projective Identification 32 3.4 Subsequent theoretical and technical developments of Projective Identification 35 3.5 Review 42 http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ CHAPTER FOUR CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY 44 4.1 Introduction 44 4.2 Freud's contribution to child psychotherapy 45 4.3 Melanie Klein's play technique 48 4.4 Anna Freud's approach to child psychotherapy 52 4.5 Donald Winnicott's formulations around play and child psychotherapy 54 4.6 Review 55 CHAPTER FIVE MEI'HODOLOGY
    [Show full text]
  • Defense Mechanisms Your Heart Is the Center of All You Do, All You Feel, and All You Think
    Defense Mechanisms Your heart is the center of all you do, all you feel, and all you think. It is child-like, vulnerable, and carefree until it learns to protect itself from being hurt. The defenses that we use act as walls to protect against emotional pain. Following is a list of typical “walls” we use to protect our hearts. Which walls do you identify with? Think of times when you are struggling the most and ask yourself which of these sets of behaviors you use. Avoidance : Avoidance pretends to see the full magnitude a trauma and/or sin but subtly reduces the size of the problem by moving it into the future. For example, I see that there is an elephant in the middle room. I agree with that fact and realize it is a big problem... but I’ll just deal with it later. Maybe I’ll have time tomorrow or maybe next week. Denial : Denial is when someone choosing to “look away” from or ignore the things in life that they don’t want to deal with. Usually a person is aware of those things but chooses not to look them. For example, there’s an elephant in the middle of the room, but instead of dealing with the problem you just look in the other direction and pretend it’s not there. Displacement : Displacement is transferring an emotion from its original object to a safer, more acceptable substitute. For example, a man it criticized by his boss and feels belittled, unappreciated, and angry. Unable to express his anger at work for fear of retaliation, he comes home and takes it out on his wife, punishes his children, or kicks the dog.
    [Show full text]
  • Intrapsychic Perspectives on Personality
    PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES ON PERSONALITY This educational CAPPE module is part i in section III: Theories of Human Functioning and Spirituality Written by Peter L. VanKatwyk, Ph.D. Introduction Psychodynamic theory goes back more than 100 years and has been a principal influence in the early history of clinical pastoral education (CPE). It is a way of thinking about personality dynamics in interpreting and understanding both the spiritual care-provider and care-receiver. This module will briefly summarize the basic theory and punctuate psychodynamic concepts that have been significant in the study of psychology of religion and theological reflection in the practice of spiritual care and counselling. Psychodynamic theories presently practiced include in historical sequence the following three schools that will be covered in this module: 1. Ego Psychology, following and extending the classic psychoanalytic theory of Freud, with major representatives in Anna Freud, Heinz Hartmann and Erik Erikson. 2. Object Relations Theory, derived from the work of Melanie Klein and members of the “British School,” including those who are prominent in religious studies and the practice of spiritual care: Ronald Fairbairn, Harry Guntrip, and D.W. Winnicott. 3. Self Psychology, modifying psychoanalytic theory with an interpersonal relations focus, originating in Heinz Kohut, systematized and applied for social work and counselling practice by Miriam Elson. In conjunction these psychodynamic theories offer three main perspectives on personality: 1. the human mind harbors conflict – with powerful unconscious forces that are continually thwarted in expressing themselves by a broad range of counteracting psychological processes and defense mechanisms. 2. each person carries an unconscious internalized world of personal relationships – with mental representations that reflect earlier experiences of self and others which often surface as patterns in current relationships and interpersonal problems.
    [Show full text]
  • T R U S T B O a R D Public 14.00 – 17:00
    T R U S T B O A R D PUBLIC 14.00 – 17:00 Wednesday 6 September 2017 Whittington Education Centre Room 7 Meeting Trust Board – Public Date & time 06 September 2017 at 1400hrs – 1700hrs Venue Whittington Education Centre, Room 7 AGENDA Members – Non-Executive Directors Members – Executive Directors Steve Hitchins, Chair Simon Pleydell, Chief Executive Deborah Harris-Ugbomah, Non-Executive Siobhan Harrington, Director of Strategy & Deputy Director Chief Executive Tony Rice, Non-Executive Director Stephen Bloomer, Chief Finance Officer Anu Singh, Non-Executive Director Dr Richard Jennings, Medical Director Prof Graham Hart, Non-Executive Director Philippa Davies, Chief Nurse & Director of David Holt, Non-Executive Director Patient Experience Yua Haw Yoe, Non-Executive Director Carol Gillen, Chief Operating Officer Attendees – Associate Directors Dr Greg Battle, Medical Director (Integrated Care) Norma French, Director of Workforce Lynne Spencer, Director of Communications & Corporate Affairs Secretariat Kate Green, Minute Taker Contact for this meeting:[email protected] or 07733 393178 A genda Paper Action and Item Timing Patient Story Patient Story Note Philippa Davies, Chief Nurse & Director of Patient Experience Verbal 1400hrs Declaration of Conflicts of Interests Declare 17/106 Steve Hitchins, Chair Verbal 1420hrs Apologies & Welcome Note 17/107 Steve Hitchins, Chair Verbal 1425hrs Draft Minutes, Action Log & Matters Arising 5 July 2017 Approve 17/108 Steve Hitchins, Chair 1 1430hrs Chairman’s Report – Chair’s Action Name Change Note
    [Show full text]
  • Lacan and Foulkes1
    Volume 1 (Issue 2), 2012 GROUP ACTS AND MISSED ENCOUNTER: LACAN AND FOULKES1 Erica Burman Prologue The theme of action outside speech typically does not gain positive treatment in psychoanalytical contexts, with all such action vulnerable to being designated “acting out”, or at best “acting in”. But the question “how to act” transcends such false oppositions between acting and not acting, to topicalise instead ethical responsibility and social engagement. In this paper these themes are explored in terms of the relations between Lacanian psychoanalytic and Foulkesian group analytic ideas. The assertion of the priority of one model over the other, or the assimilation of one to the other is not aimed at here, but rather this paper seeks to highlight, and perhaps indicate, some potential evaluations of how each approach attempts to engage with the question of action. While Lacanian psychoanalysis often draws a strong boundary around the analytic space, resisting the generalization of psychoanalytic phenomena outside the clinic, the social model of the psyche to which group analysts are committed, means that no such absolute distinctions can be maintained. Paradoxically, group analysts seem rather more reluctant than Lacanians to discuss questions of ethics, preferring to talk about questions of democracy, although both models share an understanding of analytical process in terms of the 1 This article is a version of a paper delivered at APPI’s 17th Annual Congress (2010) entitled; How to Act – Ethics and the Psychoanalytic Clinic in a Culture of Suppression and Demand. 22 23 Lacunae promotion of (if also the impossibility of) free speech. The challenge therefore, is to find ways of both analyzing and intervening in, the contexts that give rise to analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Portrait) My Work Is Purely Autobiographical
    ART AND IMAGES IN PSYCHIATRY SECTION EDITOR: JAMES C. HARRIS, MD Lucian Freud’s Reflection (Self-Portrait) My work is purely autobiographical. It is about myself and my surroundings. It is an attempt at a record. I work with people that interest me, and that I care about and think about, in rooms that I live in and know. Lucian Freud1(p7) UCIAN FREUD (1922-2011), byKennethClark.5 Thedistinctionbetween phasized thickly applied white and deep grandson of Sigmund Freud, naked and nude is central to Clark’s dis- red colors. is considered to be the leading cussion. Clark writes that “to be naked is Because Freud stood when he painted, realist painter of the last cen- to be deprived of our clothes, and the word his figures often appear foreshortened. He Ltury. His father Ernst Freud, an architect, implies some of the embarrassment most preferred not to use professional models was the 4th of Sigmund Freud’s 6 children of us feel in that condition,”5(p23) but that as his subjects. Instead, his models were and was the youngest son. Lucian grew up the nude is balanced and confident. “[I]n peoplefromallwalksoflifewhomheknew, in Berlin, Germany, far from the influ- the greatest age of painting, the nude in- including his adult daughters, who found ence of the birthplace of psychoanalysis spired the greatest works.”5(p23) For Clark, thatposingforhimwasoneoftheonlyways in Vienna, Austria. Grandfather Sigmund the nude as a conceptual and artistic cat- to spend time with him and to get to know visited Lucian’s family in Berlin regularly egoryalwaysinvolvedthenotionofanideal him as a father.
    [Show full text]
  • Fragmentation and Narcissism in Lucian Freud and Jenny Saville
    Fragmentation and narcissism in Lucian Freud and Jenny Saville: A Lacanian interpretation By Alecia D. van Rooyen 213165348 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER TECHNOLOGIAE: FINE ARTS in the Department of Fine and Applied Arts FACULTY OF THE ARTS Tshwane University of Technology Supervisor: Dr. A. Scheffer Co-supervisor: Prof R. Kruger Practical Supervisor: Mr. J. van der Merwe 2018 DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE I hereby declare that the dissertation submitted for the degree M Tech: Fine Arts, in the Faculty of the Arts, Tshwane University of Technology, is my own original work and has not been previously submitted to any other institution of higher education. I declare that all the sources cited or quoted are indicated and acknowledged by means of a comprehensive list of references. Alecia D. van Rooyen i DEDICATION This study is dedicated to my parents and to my fiancé for their unconditional love and support in completing this work. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to sincerely thank all of the following people without whom I could not complete this thesis: The Tshwane University of Technology and the NRF for financial support during the completion of this study. My Supervisor and co-supervisor, Dr. Anne Scheffer and Prof Runette Kruger for their outstanding guidance, support, time, patience and kindness. My practical supervisor Dr. Jan van der Merwe, for his support, inspiration and kind heart. Tanya Pretorius for the meticulous editing which brought everything together. A warm thank you to my exceptional mother and father for wiping away the tears and for the much-needed hugs and love to complete this study.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Harry Guntrip
    Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis Page 1 of 12 Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis/Revue Canadienne de Psychanalyse 15, 1 (Spring 2007), in press. [1] Self-Punishment as Guilt Evasion: The Case of Harry Guntrip Donald L. Carveth Toronto Abstract A major contributor to the de-moralizing trend in post-Freudian and post-Kleinian psychoanalysis is Harry Guntrip. The guilt evasion that characterizes certain trends within contemporary psychoanalytic thought and the contemporary culture to which they have adapted mirrors that of Guntrip himself. Despite his background as a Christian minister and his years of analysis with two of the most creative analysts in the field, Guntrip managed by the end (in my hypothesis) only a paranoid understanding of himself as a victim of a murderous mother, rather than a man crippled by a need to punish himself for his disowned murderous wishes toward a brother who died and toward the mother he hated and blamed. In focusing upon the roots of the “schizoid problem” or the “disordered self” in defective early object- relations, Guntrip obscured entirely the role of guilt and the need for punishment in these conditions and promoted a cure based on reparative reparenting rather than analysis and resolution of inner conflict. It is now over three decades since Menninger (1973) asked Whatever Became of Sin? In so doing he drew attention to a de-moralizing trend in psychiatry and psychoanalysis mirroring that of the wider culture. Increasingly, it seems, we have come to reject Cassius’s conviction that “the fault … lies not in our stars, but in ourselves” (Julius Caesar, I, ii) in favor of that proto-narcissist Lear’s protestation that we are “more sinned against than sinning” (King Lear, III, ii).
    [Show full text]
  • Introducing the Social Sciences for Midwifery Practice
    Downloaded by [National Library of the Philippines] at 23:14 01 November 2017 Introducing the Social Sciences for Midwifery Practice Introducing the Social Sciences for Midwifery Practice makes clear the links between social, anthropological and psychological concepts, midwifery practice and women’s experience of birth. Demonstrating how empathising with women and understanding the context in which they live can affect childbirth outcomes and experiences, this evidence-based text emphasises the importance of compassionate and humane care in midwifery practice. Exploring midwifery as an art, as well as a science, the authors collected here make the case for midwives as professionals working ‘with women’ rather than as birth tech- nicians, taking a purely competency-based approach to practice. The book incorporates a range of pedagogical features to enhance student learning, including overall chapter aims and learning outcomes, ‘recommendations for practice’, ‘learning triggers’ to encourage the reader to delve deeper and reflect on practice, ‘application to practice’ case studies that ensure that the theory is related to contemporary practice, and a glos- sary of terms. The chapters cover perspectives on birth from sociology, psychology, anthropology, law, social policy and politics. Other chapters address important issues such as disability and sexuality. Outlining relevant theory from the social sciences and clearly applying it to practice, this text is an essential read for all student midwives, registered midwives and doulas. Patricia Lindsay did her nurse training in London, then trained as a midwife. She has been a practising midwife since 1974, and a midwifery teacher since 1991. She has worked in the UK and in the Sultanate of Oman.
    [Show full text]