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"Cystoseira Baccata" (Fucales, Ochrophyta) En El Noroeste Ibérico

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Introducción Tesis Doctoral | A Coruña, 2020 1 La comunidad de Cystoseira baccata (Fucales, Ochrophyta) en el Noroeste Ibérico Alicia García Fernández TESIS DOCTORAL 2020 Director: Ignacio Bárbara Criado Tutor: Ignacio Bárbara Criado Programa de doctorado en Ciencias Marinas, Tecnología y Gestión. Universidade da Coruña Ignacio Bárbara Criado, Profesor Titular de Botánica del Departamento de Bioloxía de la Universidade da Coruña DECLARA: Que la siguiente memoria titulada “La comunidad de Cystoseira baccata (Fucales, Ochrophyta) en el Noroeste Ibérico” presentada por ALICIA GARCÍA FERNÁNDEZ ha sido realizada bajo su dirección en el Departamento y en el marco del programa oficial de doctorado en Ciencias Marinas, Tecnología y Gestión y cumple con las condiciones exigidas para ser defendido ante el tribunal que lo deberá juzgar. Y para que así conste a los efectos oportunos, firma la presente en A Coruña a 18 de diciembre de 2019. Dr. Ignacio Bárbara Criado A mis dos ángeles de la guarda. “Piano piano si va lontano.” Agradecimientos A mi director Ignacio, por introducirme en este fascinante mundo de las algas y darme la oportunidad de realizar el doctorado. Gracias por tu infinita paciencia conmigo, por enseñarme y guiarme, por todo tu esfuerzo y dedicación, por ser exigente y comprensivo a partes iguales. Gracias no sólo por lo académico, sino por todos los buenos momentos vividos durante esta tesis, por recorrernos media Galicia buceando, por los amaneceres en el mar, por tener que acabar remando, por los intentos fallidos de tirarme al agua, por las sesiones eternas en el laboratorio rezando el Ángelus. Reconozco que tenías razón y ahora echo de menos todo aquello. Gracias a Veroli y Juanoli, por las risas, la alegría, las canciones, el Starbucks, los ánimos y los momentos de desconexión. Gracias a Vero por todo tu apoyo y toda tu ayuda durante mi tesis, por los muestreos juntas, por contar conmigo para el “tráiler” de mi película y aguantarme en el “dejá vu” de la tuya. Gracias por haber ido marcando el camino y guiarme los pasos en esta aventura del doctorado. Gracias a Viviana, por todo tu apoyo y tus consejos, por sacarme un hueco y echarme una mano siempre que lo necesité. Gracias a mis compañeros de BioCost por todo vuestro apoyo y ánimo, por todos los buenos momentos que hemos pasado, por los congresos, las puestas en común y las comidas juntos. Gracias a Isabel Sousa y Txema Gorostiaga por formar parte de la Comisión de Seguimiento de mi tesis doctoral. Gracias por los comentarios y los consejos durante estos años que han ayudado a mejorar esta tesis. Gracias a mi familia adoptiva de Agility Coruña, por hacerme sentir como en casa tan lejos de la mía. Gracias por estar pendientes, por “obligarme” a desconectar de vez en cuando, por recordarme que hay que “respirar”, y por facilitarme el camino que he recorrido durante estos años realizando la tesis. Gracias a mis amigos los biolokos, a las marujas, a Ali, Bea, Laura B., Laura S., Adri, Bachi y Litos, por estar ahí pese a la distancia, por demostrarme durante todos estos años que 600 km (o más) no son nada. Gracias por aguantar mis locuras botánicas y ficólogas, por quererme pese a ser el “bicho raro” a la que le gustan las plantitas. Gracias no sólo por estar en los buenos momentos, sino también por vuestro apoyo cuando las cosas no iban todo lo bien que deberían. Gracias a piji-miji, mi clon, mi otra mitad, por escucharme, animarme y apoyarme. Gracias por tu sinceridad y tu complicidad. Gracias por alegrarte conmigo cuando todo iba bien y por echarme una mano para levantarme cuando las cosas se torcían. Gracias por acompañarme en esta locura de principio a fin. Gracias por recordarme que hay que pisar fuerte las baldosas del camino, y darme fuerzas para hacerlo. Gracias a mi abuelo, por su apoyo, preocupación y ese primer microscopio hace mil años que me metió de lleno en el mundo de la ciencia. Gracias por estar orgulloso de tu nieta a cada paso que he dado. Espero haber estado a la altura. Gracias a mi familia por apostar siempre por mí y su apoyo incondicional. Gracias por tratar de estar siempre presentes pese a que me fuera tan lejos. Gracias infinitamente a mis padres, por apoyarme en todas las locuras académicas en las que me he querido embarcar y no apagar nunca la llama de la ilusión de aquella pequeña que quería investigarlo todo. Gracias por confiar siempre en mí y no dejarme tirar la toalla en ningún momento. Gracias por dejar que tomara mis propias decisiones y animarme cuando éstas eran las equivocadas. Gracias a mi padre, por ser mi colchoneta y tirar de mí para delante cuando yo no tenía fuerzas. Gracias a mi madre, por demostrarme que se puede superar cualquier adversidad y que soy más fuerte de lo que creo. Espero haber cumplido vuestras expectativas y que estéis orgullosos de mí. Resumen Se estudia la biología y la biodiversidad ficológica de la comunidad de Cystoseira baccata en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica, una especie exclusiva del Atlántico, ampliamente distribuida a lo largo de la costa pero poco conocida. Se aporta información de 30 localidades muestreadas desde marzo de 2015 hasta julio de 2018 en un intervalo de profundidad desde el intermareal inferior hasta el submareal (5 m). Se han obtenido datos biométricos de 2264 ejemplares de C. baccata y analizado los epífitos de 941 plantas. Se han catalogado 230 especies epilíticas y epífitas. Con toda la información se ha caracterizado la biología y el hábitat de C. baccata, así como la diversidad ficológica que alberga su comunidad. También se analizaron los cambios producidos en la comunidad en diferentes períodos, tanto a corto como largo plazo. Además, se estudió la dinámica estacional de las características biológicas de C. baccata y de su flora asociada tanto de sustrato como epífita. Este trabajo proporciona información necesaria para el conocimiento y gestión de la comunidad de C. baccata en el noroeste ibérico. Resumo Estúdase a bioloxía e a biodiversidade ficolóxica da comunidade de Cystoseira baccata no noroeste da Península Ibérica, unha especie exclusiva do Atlántico, moi distribuída ao longo da costa pero pouco coñecida. Apórtase información de 30 lugares mostrados de marzo de 2015 a xullo de 2018 nun intervalo de profundidade desde o intermareal inferior ao submareal (5 m). Obtuviéronse os datos biométricos de 2264 exemplares de C. baccata e analizáronse os epífitos de 941 plantas. Catalogáronse 230 especies epilíticas e epífitas. Con toda a información caracterizouse a bioloxía e o hábitat de C. baccata, así como a diversidade ficolóxica que alberga a súa comunidade. Tamén se analizaron os cambios producidos na comunidade en diferentes períodos, tanto a curto como a longo prazo. Ademais, estudóuse a dinámica estacional das características biolóxicas de C. baccata e a súa flora asociada tanto do substrato como a epífita. Este traballo proporciona a información necesaria para o coñecemento e xestión da comunidade de C. baccata no noroeste ibérico. Summary The biology and phycology biodiversity of the community of Cystoseira baccata in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula is studied, an exclusive Atlantic species, widely distributed along the coast but little known. Information is provided from 30 locations sampled from March 2015 to July 2018 at a depth interval from the lower intertidal to the subtidal (5 m). We obtain the biometric data of 2264 specimens of C. baccata and the epiphytes of 941 plants have been analyzed. In total, 230 epilithic and epiphytic species have been cataloged. With all the information, the biology and habitat of C. baccata has been characterized, as well as the phycological diversity of the community. The changes produced in the community in different periods, both short and long term, were also analyzed. In addition, the seasonal dynamic of the biological characteristics of C. baccata and its associated flora, both substrate and epiphyte, was studied. This work provides information necessary for the knowledge and management of the community of C. baccata in the Iberian northwest. Índice Introducción .................................................................................................................................. 1 Biodiversidad e importancia de la comunidad de Cystoseira s. l. ........................................ 1 Comunidades de Cystoseira s. l. del Atlántico Norte de la Península Ibérica ..................... 3 Biología de Cystoseira baccata ........................................................................................... 9 Distribución y hábitat de Cystoseira baccata .................................................................... 11 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................ 13 Metodología ................................................................................................................................ 15 Área de estudio ................................................................................................................... 15 Trabajo de campo ............................................................................................................... 16 Trabajo de laboratorio ........................................................................................................ 23 Diseño experimental .......................................................................................................... 25 Análisis de datos ...............................................................................................................
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