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Cystoseira Baccata (S 1 La cystoseire à baies Cystoseira baccata (S. C. Gmelin) P. C. Silva, 1952 Comment citer cette fiche : Noël P., 2015. La cystoseire à baies Cystoseira baccata (S. C. Gmelin) P. C. Silva, 1952. in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [Ed.], 16 juin 2015. Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel, pp. 1-5. Site web http://inpn.mnhn.fr Contact de l'auteur : Pierre Noël, SPN et DMPA, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 43 rue Buffon (CP 48), 75005 Paris ; e-mail [email protected] Résumé La cystoseire à baies est généralement solitaire, de couleur olivâtre, non iridescente et mesure jusqu'à 1 m de long. Le thalle non cespiteux est attaché par un disque cônique épais et noirâtre. Les rameaux de la région basale sont aplatis et non épineux. Les flotteurs sont le plus souvent gros et bien visibles sur les axes principaux. Les réceptacles mesurent 1 à 5 cm et sont irrugèlièrement noduleux. Cystoseira baccata est une espèce photophile qui se rencontre sur les roches jusqu'à -25 m. Sa distribution s'étend des îles britanniques à la Mauritanie. En France, elle est présente sur toutes les côtes de la Manche et de l'Atlantique. Figure 1. Cystoseira baccata in situ, Concarneau 22 mars 2015 (© François-Xavier Decaris 2015). Classification (d’après WoRMS 2015) Règne Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981 ; Sous-Règne Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010 ; Infra-règne Heterokonta Cavalier-Smith, 1986 ; Phylum Ochrophyta Cavalier-Smith, 1995 ; Sub-phylum Phaeista Cavalier-Smith, 1995 ; Infra-phylum Limnista Cavalier-Smith, 1995 ; Super-classe Fucistia Cavalier- Smith, 1995 ; Classe Phaeophyceae Kjellman, 1891 ; Ordre Fucales Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827 ; Famille Sargassaceae Kützing, 1843 ; Genre Cystoseira C. Agardh 1820. Synonymes usuels (INPN 2015 ; WoRMS 2015 ; GBIF 2015) Cystoseira fibrosa (Hudson) C.Agardh, 1820 Cystoseira thesiophylla Duby, 1830 Fucus abrotanoides S. G. Gmelin, 1768 Fucus baccatus S. G. Gmelin, 1768 2 Fucus fibrosus Hudson, 1778 Phyllacantha fibrosa (S. G. Gmelin) Kützing, 1843 Phyllacantha thesiophylla (Duby) Kützing, 1860 Nom principal : cystoseire à baies. Noms vernaculaires en français et dans les principales langues étrangères. Français : Cystoseire à baies (ADMS) ; queue de polain [fide WoRMS 2015 => mais erreur pour queue de poulain, nom utilisé pour l'algue Halidrys siliquosa] ; cystoseire à chapelet ; cystoseire à collier de perles (Sous les mers, 2015). Danois : korntang [in WoRMS 2014]. Néerlandais : vezelwier [in WoRMS 2014]. Description morphologique sommaire, taille Chez Cystoseira baccata, l'algue est généralement solitaire, de couleur olivâtre, non iridescente et mesure jusqu'à 1 m de long. Le thalle n'est pas cespiteux ; il est attaché par un disque cônique épais et noirâtre. Les rameaux non épineux et aplatis de la région basale sont caractéristiques ; les ramifications sont alternes et dans le même plan ; elles sont caduques. Les flotteurs sont très variables selon les localités mais sont le plus souvent gros et bien visibles sur les axes principaux. Les réceptacles ont une longueur de 1 à 5 cm et sont irrugèlièrement noduleux (Wuitner 1947 ; Cabioc'h et al. 2006 ; de Casamajor et Lissardy 2009 ; AlgaeBase 2014). Risques de confusion Sur la façade atlantique, outre Cystoseira baccata on peut rencontrer Cystoseira foeniculacea, Cystoseira granulata, Cystoseira humilis, Cystoseira nodicaulis et Cystoseira tamariscifolia. Par ailleurs, il ne faut pas confondre la cystoseire à baies avec la sargasse Sargassum muticum. Biologie - physiologie Espèce pérennante, bien développée en automne, et fructifiant en hiver (Wuitner 1947 ; Cabioc'h et al. 2006 ; AlgaeBase 2015). Ecologie, habitat Comme la plupart des cystoseires de France, C. baccata est une espèce photophile qui se rencontre à faible profondeur et jusqu'à -25 m. Elle est présente sur les roches dans les cuvettes de bas d'estran (Wuitner 1947). C'est une espèce structurante en Pays-Basque (Castro et al. 2006 ; de Casamajor et Lissardy 2009). Figure 2. Distribution de Cystoseira baccata sur les côtes françaises de métropole (© P. Noël INPN-MNHN 2015). Distribution Cystoseira baccata est une espèce des côtes de l'Atlantique nord-est situées entre les îles britanniques ou le Danemark et la Mauritanie (GBIF 2015 ; OBIS 2015). En France Cystoseira baccata a été signalée de Manche orientale à Boulogne (Coppejans 1995), Côtes d'Armor (Estran22, 2015), Roscoff (Feldmann 1954 ; Loiseaux-de Goër et Noailles 2008), Concarneau (Mer et littoral, 2015), Pays-Basque (INPN, 2015). Ailleurs, elle est connue de Grande Bretagne et Irlande, Mer Baltique, Pays-Bas, Belgique, Portugal, 3 Espagne, Maroc, Mauritanie, Sahara espagnol et Canaries (références détaillées in Algaebase 2015). N.B. Les signalements en Méditerranée : Grèce (Haritonidis et Tsekos 1976 ; Tsekos et Haritonidis 1977) et Israël (in WoRMS 2014) semblent douteux. Figure 3. Distribution de Cystoseira baccata dans les zones sous juridiction française (© INPN 2014). Usages Cystoseira baccata est utilisé pour des compositions pharmaceutiques : médicaments homéopatiques (http://www.moncoinsante.com/cystoseira-fibrosa-tube-dose-boiron-7103.html) et effets neuropharmacologiques (http://orioai.univ-nc.nc/search/notice.html?id=oai:ird.fr:fdi:010005559&printable=true). Menaces et Protection (textes français, européens, mondiaux, mentionnant l'espèce) Cette espèce est potentiellement menacée par les pollutions de surface (marées noires, marées vertes...). Espèce caractéristique ZNIEFF mer (Dauvin 1994). Bibliographie, sitographie et autres sources documentaires (34 réfs.) Adams J., 1907. The seaweeds of the Antrim coast. Scientific Papers of Ulster Fisheries and Biological Association, 1: 29- 37. Anadón R., 1983. Zonación en la costa asturiana: variación longitudinal de las comunidades de macrófitos en diferentes niveles de marea. Investigación Pesquera, Barcelona, 47: 125-141. Anadón R., Fernández C., 1986. Comparación de tres comunidades de horizontes intermareales con abundancia de Gelidium latifolium (Grev.) Born. et Thur. en la costa de Asturias (N de España). Investigación Pesquera, Barcelona, 50 (3): 353-366. Araújo R., Bárbara I., Tibaldo M., Berecibar E., Diaz-Tapia P., Pereira R., Santos R., Sousa-Pinto I., 2009. Checklist of benthic marine algae and cyanobacteria of northern Portugal. Botanica Marina, 52: 24-46. Araújo R., Sousa-Pinto I., Bárbara I., Quintino V., 2006. Macroalgal communities of intertidal rock pools in the northwest coast of Portugal. Acta Oecologica, 30: 192-202. Ardré F., 1970. Contribution à l'étude des algues marines du Portugal. I. La flore. Portugaliae acta biologica : 423 p. Bárbara I., Cremades J., 1996. Seaweeds of the Ría de A Coruña (NW Iberian Peninsula, Spain). Botanica Marina, 39: 371- 388. Bárbara I., Cremades J., Calvo S., López-Rodríguez M. C., Dosil J., 2005. Checklist of the benthic marine and brackish Galician algae (NW Spain). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, 62: 69-100. Barbara I., Cremades J., López Rodriguez M. C., 1992. Tiffaniella capitatum (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) en las costas atlanticas de Europa. Cryptogamic Botany, 13 (4): 291-299. Bárbara I., Cremades J., Pérez-Cirera J. L., 1995b. Zonación de la vegetación bentónica marina en la Ría de A Coruña (N.O. de España). Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana (Bioloxia), 5: 5-23. Bárbara I., Cremades J., Pérez-Cirera J. L., 1995a. Contribución de Fermín Bescansa Casares a la ficología española: datos biográficos, estudio de su obra y herbario. Stvdia Botanica, 13: 39-45. Braune W., 2008. Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag : 1-596, Cabioc’h J., Floc'h J.-Y., Le Toquin A., Boudouresque C.-F., Meinesz A., Verlaque M., 1992. Guide des algues des mers d'Europe: Manche, Atlantique et Méditerranée. Delachaux et Niestlé, Neuchâtel, Paris : 1-233. Campbell A. C., Nicholls J., 1979. Guide de la faune et de la flore littorales des mers d'Europe. (1e édition), Delachaux et Niestlé SA éditeurs, Neuchâtel - Paris : 322 pp. Cires Rodriguez E., Cuesta Moliner C., 2010. Checklist of benthic algae from the Asturias coast (North of Spain). Boletín de Ciências de la Naturaleza R.I.D.E.A., 51: 135-212. Coppejans E., 1995. Flore algologique des côtes du nord de la France et de la Belgique. Meise ed., Belgium : 454 pp. Coppejans, E., 1998. Flora van de Noord-Franse en Belgische zeewieren [Marine algae of northern France and Belgium]. Nationale Plantentuin van België: Meise ed., Belgium. 462 pp. Cotton A. D., 1912. Clare Island Survey. Marine algae. Proceedings of the Royal irish Academy (Dublin), Biology & Environment, 31 B (15): 1-178. Cullinane J. P., 1971. Frequency and distribution of seaweeds in Cork harbour, 1966-7. Irish Naturalists' Journal (Belfast) [The -], 17: 6-8. 4 Cullinane J. P., McCarthy P., Fletcher A., 1975. The effect of oil pollution in Bantry Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 6: 173- 176. Dangeard P. [J.L.], 1949. Les algues marines de la côte occidentale du Maroc. Le Botaniste, 34: 89-189. Dauvin J.-C. (coordonnateur) et al. [Bellan G., Bellan-Santini D., Castric A., Comolet-Tirman J., Francour P., Gentil F., Girard A., Gofas S., Mahe C., Noël P., de Reviers B.], 1994. Typologie des ZNIEFF-mer, liste des paramètres et des biocénoses des côtes françaises métropolitaines (2e édition). Collection Patrimoines Naturels, Secrétariat Faune-Flore, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 12 [bis]: 1-70. de Casamajor M.-N., Lissardy M., 2009. Typologie des champs d’algues sur la côte basque. Approche surfacique - DCE - 2008. IFREMER,
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