ISSN 2009-8987 Reinstatement of the Genera Gongolaria Boehmer And

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Reinstatement of the genera Gongolaria Boehmer and Ericaria Stackhouse (Sargassaceae, Phaeophyceae)

Eduardo A. Molinari Novoa, Chess Consulting & Project, Lima 15039 and ‘La Molina’ National Agrarian University, Lima 15024, Peru.

Michael D. Guiry, AlgaeBase, Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland (correspondence: [email protected])

In their treatment of Cystoseira C.Agardh, 1820, nom. cons., Orellana & al. (2019) concluded that the genus as then constituted was polyphyletic and proposed the reinstatement of the genera Treptacantha Kützing, 1843 and Carpodesmia Greville, 1830 for species of the genus outside the clade of Cystoseira sensu stricto in order to achieve monophyly in the classification of the group. Seventeen combinations were introduced by the authors for species in the reinstated genera.

However, both Treptacantha and Carpodesmia are predated by Gongolaria Boehmer, 1760 and Ericaria Stackhouse, 1809, respectively, both of which were rejected names against the conserved genus name Cystoseira C.Agardh. However, when the type of Cystoseira, Cystoseira concatenata (Linnaeus) C.Agardh [= Cystoseira foeniculacea (Linnaeus) Greville] is no longer involved, these names become available and have priority over Treptacantha Kützing, Carpodesmia Greville, Monilifera Stackhouse and Baccifer Roussel. Accordingly, Gongolaria and Ericaria are the correct names for the “Cystoseira 2” and “Cystoseira 3” clades as defined by Orellana & al. (2019).

Twenty species are currently included in Treptacantha and Carpodesmia: twelve in the “Cystoseira 2” clade (Gongolaria) and eight in the “Cystoseira 3 “clade (Ericaria).

Gongolaria Boehmer (in Ludwig), Definitiones Generum Plantarum, ed. 3: 503, 1760. Type: “Gongolaria seu abies marina Imperato” nom. inval. ≡ Fucus abies-marina S.G.Gmelin, ≡ Gongolaria abies-marina (S.G.Gmelin) Kuntze. Homotypic synonym: Treptacantha Kützing, Phycologia generalis: 353, 1843. Heterotypic synonyms: Baccifer Roussel, Flore du Calvados: 94, 1806. Type: Fucus baccatus S.G.Gmelin. Monilifera Stackhouse, Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 2: 57, 1809, nom. illeg., non Monilifera Adanson (Asteraceae). Type: Fucus fibrosus Hudson (=Fucus baccatus S.G.Gmelin). Description: The genus has the characters of Treptacantha Kützing as amended by Orellana & al. (2019: [8] 484). Note: Gongolaria Boehmer (in Ludwig 1760) was published as a new genus name for the pre- Linnaean polynomial “Gongolaria seu abies marina” of Imperato (1695: 844), simultaneously excluding Acinaria Donati, 1758 (Donati 1758: 26, 33, pl. V: fig. 1) with the statement “… ad fucum refertur a Linnaeo” [to Fucus referred by Linnaeus]. No designations for the species were introduced until Kuntze (1891: 895) typified it with G. abies-marina (S.G.Gmelin) Kuntze.

Gongolaria abies-marina (S.G.Gmelin) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891. Basionym: Fucus abies-marina S.G.Gmelin, Historia fucorum: 83, 1768. Homotypic synonyms: Cystoseira abies-marina (S.G.Gmelin) C.Agardh, Species algarum 1(1): 54, 1820. Fucus corniculatus Wulfen in Jacquin, Collectanea: 358, 1786, nom. illeg. Gongolaria corniculata (Wulfen) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891, nom. illeg. Heterotypic synonyms: Treptacantha gracillima Kützing Phycologia generalis: 354, 1843. Phyllacantha moniliformis Kützing, Phycologia generalis: 356, 1843. Treptacantha montagnei Kützing Species algarum: 594, 1849.

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Gongolaria algeriensis (Feldmann) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira algeriensis Feldmann, Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 35: 7, 1945. Homotypic synonym: Treptacantha algeriensis (Feldmann) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 461, 2019.

Gongolaria baccata (S.G.Gmelin) comb. nov. Basionym: Fucus baccatus S.G.Gmelin, Historia fucorum: 90, pl. III: fig. 2, 1768. Homotypic synonyms: Cystoseira baccata (S.G.Gmelin) P.C.Silva, University of California Publications in Botany 25: 280, 1952. Treptacantha baccata (S.G.Gmelin) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 456, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Fucus abrotanoides S.G.Gmelin, Historia fucorum: 90, 1768. Fucus fibrosus Hudson, Flora anglica: 575, 1778. Cystoseira fibrosa (Hudson) C.Agardh, Species algarum 1(1): 65, 1820. Mackaia fibrosa (Hudson) S.F.Gray, A natural arrangement of British plants 1: 392, 1821. Phyllacantha fibrosa (S.G.Gmelin) Kützing, Phycologia generalis: 356, 1843. Gongolaria fibrosa (Hudson) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891. Cystoseira thesiophylla Duby, Botanicon gallicum 2: 937, 1830. Phyllacantha thesiophylla (Duby) Kützing, Tabulae phycologicae 10: 13, pl. 35: fig. II, 1860.

Gongolaria barbata (Stackhouse) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891. Basionym: Abrotanifolia barbata Stackhouse, Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 2: 81, 1809. Homotypic synonyms: Fucus barbatus Goodenough & Woodward, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 3: 103, 1797, nom. illeg., non Fucus barbatus Linnaeus, 1753. Phryganella barbata (Stackhouse) Stackhouse, Nereis britannica: xi, 1816. Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C.Agardh, Species algarum 1(1): 57, 1820. Treptacantha barbata (Stackhouse) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 456, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira hoppei C.Agardh, Species algarum 1(1): 59, 1820 (‘hoppii’). Cystoseira barbata var. hoppei (C.Agardh) J.Agardh, Algae maris Mediterranei et Adriatici: 51, 1842. Cystoseira barbata f. hoppei (C.Agardh) Woronichin, Russkiĭ botanicheskiĭ zhurnal 1908 (3-4): 117, 1908.

Gongolaria elegans (Sauvageau), comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira elegans Sauvageau, Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 14: 292, 517, 1912. Homotypic synonym: Treptacantha elegans (Sauvageau) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 457, 2019.

Gongolaria mauritanica (Sauvageau) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira mauritanica Sauvageau (in Hariot), Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 58: 440, 1911. Homotypic synonym: Treptacantha mauritanica (Sauvageau) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 458, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira selaginoides var. gibraltarica Sauvageau, Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 22: 20, 1920. Cystoseira sauvageauana var. gibraltarica (Sauvageau) Hamel, Phéophycées de France. Fasc. V.: 400, 1939. Cystoseira gibraltarica (Sauvageau) P.J.L.Dangeard, Le Botaniste 34: 128, 1949.

Gongolaria montagnei (C.Agardh) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891. Basionym: Cystoseira montagnei J.Agardh, Algae maris Mediterranei et Adriatici: 47, 1842.

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Homotypic synonyms: Phyllacantha montagnei (J.Agardh) Kützing, Species algarum: 597, 1849. Treptacantha montagnei (J.Agardh) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 458, 2019, nom. illeg., non Treptacantha montagnei Kützing, 1849. Treptacantha ballesterosii Orellana & Sansón, Notulae Algarum 109: 1, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira spinosa Sauvageau, Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 14: 201, 519, 1912. Cystoseira adriatica Sauvageau, Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 14: 249, 518, 1912. Note: Orellana & al. (2019) included Fucus erica-marina S.G.Gmelin, 1768, nom. illeg. (Gmelin 1768: 128, pl. 11: fig. 2, ‘Fucus erica marina’), as a synonym of this species, despite its being based on the same designation by Ray (1724) used by Linnaeus (1763) for his Fucus ericoides and including Fucus tamariscifolia Hudson (Hudson 1762: 467) in synonymy (Gmelin 1768: 128, “fl. angl. p. 469. n. 13”).

Gongolaria montagnei var. tenuior (Ercegović) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira adriatica subsp. tenuior Ercegović, Fauna i Flora Jadrana. Jadranske cistozire. Njihova morfologija, ekologija i razvitak 2: 107, 1952. Homotypic synonyms: Cystoseira adriatica f. tenuior (Ercegović) Giaccone, Bollettino delle sedute della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 18(326): 906, 1985. Cystoseira spinosa var. tenuior (Ercegović) Cormaci, G.Furnari, Giaccone, Scammacca, & Serio, Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique de Monaco 9: 30, 1992. Cystoseira montagnei var. tenuior (Ercegović) Verlaque, Blanfuné, Boudouresque, Thibaut & Sellam, Cryptogamie Algologie 38(2): 153, 2017. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira adriatica subsp. reducta Ercegović, Fauna i Flora Jadrana. Jadranske cistozire. Njihova morfologija, ekologija i razvitak 2: 108, 1952. Cystoseira adriatica f. reducta (Ercegović) Giaccone, Bollettino delle sedute della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 18(326): 906, 1985. Cystoseira jabukae Ercegović, Fauna i Flora Jadrana. Jadranske cistozire. Njihova morfologija, ekologija i razvitak 2: 109, pl. XIV a, 1952.

Gongolaria nodicaulis (Withering) comb. nov. Basionym: Fucus nodicaulis Withering, An arrangement of British plants Ed. 3, 4: 111, 1796. Homotypic synonyms: Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M.Roberts, British Phycological Bulletin 3: 349, 1967. Treptacantha nodicaulis (Withering) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 459, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Fucus mucronatus Turner, A synopsis of the British Fuci 1: xxxii, 73, 1802, nom. illeg. Mackaia mucronata (Hudson) S.F.Gray, A natural arrangement of British plants 1: 392, 1821. Note: Fucus mucronatus Turner (Turner 1802: xxxiii, 73) is illegitimate as it included Fucus nodicaulis Withering in synonymy.

Gongolaria sauvageauana (Hamel) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira sauvageauana Hamel, Phéophycées de France. Fasc. V.: 399, 1939 (‘sauvageauiana’). Homotypic synonyms: Treptacantha sauvageauana (Withering) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 459, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira selaginoides var. polyoedematis Sauvageau, Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 14: 288, 1912. Cystoseira sauvageauana var. polyoedematis (Sauvageau) Hamel, Phéophycées de France. Fasc. V.: 399, 1939. Cystoseira sicula Schiffner ex Gerloff & Nizamuddin, Nova Hedwigia 27: 169, pls 9-11,1976.

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Gongolaria squarrosa (De Notaris) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891. Basionym: Cystoseira squarrosa De Notaris, Atti della seconda riunione degli scienziati italiani tenuta in Torino nel settembre del 1840: 200, 1841. Homotypic synonyms: Cystoseira erica-marina var. squarrosa (De Notaris) De Toni & Levi, Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, ser. 6, 4: 1651, 1886. Cystoseira spinosa var. squarrosa (De Notaris) Giaccone, Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 131: 74, 1973, comb. inval. Treptacantha squarrosa (De Notaris) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 459, 2019.

Gongolaria susanensis (Nizamuddin) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira susanensis Nizamuddin, Nova Hedwigia 42: 119, pl. 1; pl. 2: figs A-D, 1985. Homotypic synonym: Treptacantha susanensis (Nizamuddin) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 459, 2019.

Gongolaria usneoides (Linnaeus) comb. nov. Basionym: Fucus usneoides Linnaeus, Systema naturae, editio decima 2: 1345, 1759. Homotypic synonyms: Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M.Roberts, Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 60: 259, 1968. Treptacantha usneoides (Linnaeus) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 459, 2019. Fucus granulatus Linnaeus, Species plantarum 2: 1629, 1763, nom. illeg. Cystoseira granulata (Linnaeus) C.Agardh, Species algarum 1(1): 55, 1820, nom. illeg. Gongolaria granulata (Linnaeus) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891, nom. illeg. Heterotypic synonyms: Fucus aculeatus Esper, Icones fucorum: pl. 33, 1798, nom. illeg., non Fucus aculeatus Linnaeus. Note: Linnaeus (1759: 1345) did not specify a type locality for Fucus usneoides. Fucus granulatus is a superfluous name for F. usneoides, and thus illegitimate, as both names are based on the same three sheets in Linnaeus’s herbarium (Roberts 1968: 260). Linnaeus’s indication of “Oceano Indico” [from the Indian Ocean] for both names (Linnaeus 1963: 1629) is “undoubtedly an error” (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996: 900).

Ericaria Stackhouse, Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 2: 56, 1809. Type: Fucus ericoides Linnaeus [= Ericaria selaginoides (Linnaeus) comb. nov.] Heterotypic synonym: Carpodesmia Greville, Algae britannicae: xxxiv, 1830. Description: The genus Ericaria has the characters of Carpodesmia Kützing as amended by Orellana & al. (2019: [13] 489). Notes: Although Ericaria Stackhouse, 1809 initially included two species, Ericaria tamarisca Stackhouse and E. selago Stackhouse (‘Selago’), the genus was typified by Papenfuss (1950) with Fucus ericoides Linnaeus, “…the name-bringing, or type species of the genus Ericaria Stackhouse.” long considered synonymous with Fucus tamariscifolius Hudson. This is a valid typification as it in accordance with ICN Art. 10.3 (Turland & al. 2018) “For the purposes of Art. 10.2, definite inclusion of the type of a name of a species is effected by citation of, or reference (direct or indirect) to, a validly published species name, whether accepted or synonymized by the author, or by citation of the holotype or lectotype of a previously or simultaneously published species name.”. Stackhouse (1809: 56) cited “L. Tr. III. 130.” referring to Goodenough & Woodward in Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. 3: 130. 1797, which is an account of “Fucus ericoides”. Although Goodenough & Woodward (1797: 130) make no direct mention of Linnaeus’s publication of the name, by their first synonym, “Fucus erica marina. Gmelin p. 128. t. 11. f. 2.”, they include, as noted above, F. ericoides L., and so their “Fucus ericoides” is not an independent name but a usage of Linnaeus’s, and so Papenfuss’s typification is valid. It should also be noted that Gil Rodríguez & Wildpret de la Torre (1983) mistakenly treated this genus as

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“Erica”, and considered it illegitimate due to supposed homonymy with Erica Linnaeus, 1753 (Ericaceae).

Ericaria amentacea (C.Agardh) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira ericoides var. amentacea C.Agardh, Species algarum 1(1): 53, 1821. Homotypic synonyms: Cystoseira amentacea (C.Agardh) Bory, Expédition scientifique de Morée. Section des sciences physiques. Tome III. 2e partie. Botanique: 319, 1832. Halerica amentacea (C.Agardh) Kützing, Phycologia generalis: 354, 1843. Gongolaria amentacea (C.Agardh) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891. Cystoseira stricta var. amentacea (C.Agardh) Giaccone, Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 131: 73, 1973, comb. inval. Carpodesmia amentacea (C.Agardh) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 460, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta Montagne, Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Sciences physiques. Botanique. Cryptogamie 1: 10, 1846. Cystoseira stricta (Montagne) Sauvageau, Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences. Paris 17: 468, 1911. Cystoseira spicata Ercegović, Fauna i Flora Jadrana. Jadranske cistozire. Njihova morfologija, ekologija i razvitak 2: 110, 1952. Cystoseira stricta var. spicata (Ercegović) Giaccone, Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 131: 73, 1973, comb. inval.. Cystoseira amentacea var. spicata (Ercegović) Giaccone in Gallardo, Taxon 41: 324, 1992. Cystoseira spicata subsp. crassa Ercegović, Fauna i Flora Jadrana. Jadranske cistozire. Njihova morfologija, ekologija i razvitak 2: 111, 1952. Cystoseira spicata subsp. elegans Ercegović, Fauna i Flora Jadrana. Jadranske cistozire. Njihova morfologija, ekologija i razvitak 2: 111, 1952.

Ericaria barbatula (Kützing) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira barbatula Kützing, Tabulae phycologicae 10: 17, pl. 46: fig. I, 1860. Homotypic synonyms: Carpodesmia barbatula (C.Agardh) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 460, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira graeca Schiffner ex Gerloff & Nizamuddin, Willdenowia 7: 565, 1975.

Ericaria brachycarpa (J.Agardh) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira brachycarpa J.Agardh, Lunds Universitets Års-Skrift, Andra Afdelningen, Kongl. Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund Handlingar 32(2): 38, 1896. Homotypic synonyms: Carpodesmia brachycarpa (J.Agardh) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 460, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira balearica Sauvageau, Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 14: 390, 528, 1912. Cystoseira brachycarpa var. balearica (Sauvageau) Giaccone, Botanica marina 35: 124, 1992.Cystoseira caespitosa Sauvageau, Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 14: 223, 526, 1912.

Ericaria crinita (Duby) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira crinita Duby, Botanicon gallicum 2: 936, 1830. Homotypic synonyms: Fucus crinitus Desfontaines, Flora atlantica 2: 425, 1799, nom. illeg., non Fucus crinitus S.G.Gmelin. Gongolaria crinita (Duby) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891. Carpodesmia crinita (Duby) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 460, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: “Cystoseira granulata Schousboe” in Bornet, Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles et Mathématiques de Cherbourg 28: 256, 1892, nom. inval. Note: “Cystoseira granulata Schousboe” is an invalid designation as it was included in synonymy.

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Ericaria funkii (Schiffner ex Gerloff & Nizamuddin) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira funkii Schiffner ex Gerloff & Nizamuddin, Nova Hedwigia 27: 167, 1976. Homotypic synonym: Carpodesmia funkii (Schiffner ex Gerloff & Nizamuddin) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 460, 2019.

Ericaria mediterranea (Sauvageau) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira mediterranea Sauvageau, Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 14: 341, 515, 1912. Homotypic synonyms: Carpodesmia mediterranea (Sauvageau) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 460, 2019. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira mediterranea var. valiantei Sauvageau, Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 14: 355, 546, 1912.

Ericaria selaginoides (Linnaeus) comb. nov. Basionym: Fucus selaginoides Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, editio decima Vol. 2: 1345, 1759. Homotypic synonyms: Ericaria selago Stackhouse, Mémoires de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 2: 80, 1809, nom. illeg. Cystoseira selaginoides (Linnaeus) Bory, Expédition scientifique de Morée. Section des sciences physiques. Tome III. 2e partie. Botanique: 319, 1832, nom. illeg., non Cystoseira selaginoides Naccari, 1828. Heterotypic synonyms: Fucus tamariscifolius Hudson, Flora anglica 469, 1762. Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Hydrobiologia 2: 185, 1950. Carpodesmia tamariscifolia (Hudson) Orellana & Sansón, European Journal of Phycology 54(3): 461, 2019. Lectotype (designated here) for Fucus tamariscifolius Hudson: Sheet at the Sherard Herbarium, numbered 1920 (OXF, Fig. 1). Fucus ericoides Linnaeus, Species plantarum, editio secunda 2: 1631, 1763. Ericaria tamarisca Stackhouse, Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 2: 80, 1809, nom. illeg. Phryganella ericoides Stackhouse, Nereis britannica Ed. 2: xi, 1816. Cystoseira ericoides (Linnaeus) C.Agardh, Species algarum 1(1): 52, 1820. Mackaia ericoides (Hudson) S.F.Gray, A natural arrangement of British plants 1: 393, 1821. Gongolaria ericoides (Linnaeus) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891. Lectotype (designated here): Sheet No. 1920 at the Sherard Herbarium (OXF, Fig. 1). Fucus erica-marina S.G.Gmelin, Historia fucorum: 128, 1768. Cystoseira erica-marina (S.G.Gmelin) Naccari, Flora Veneta: 96, 1828. Lectotype (designated here): Sheet at the Sherard Herbarium No. 1920 (OXF, Fig. 1). Note: The combination Carpodesmia tamariscifolia made by Orellana & al. (2019) was illegitimate as its concept included Fucus selaginoides Linnaeus. While the epithet tamariscifolia was the earliest available within the genus Cystoseira (due to the pre-existence of Cystoseira selaginoides Naccari, 1828), it is not the earliest when included under Ericaria. According to ICN Art. 11.4 (Turland & al. 2018), the correct combination of a final epithet is the earliest legitimate one available at the same rank that is not limited by conservation, rejection, or homonymy. The lectotype of Fucus selaginoides Linnaeus (designated by Roberts 1968: 256) at LINN (Savage No. 1274.12), has manuscript annotations by Linnaeus and J.E. Smith (Fig. 2).

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Fig. 1. Ericaria selaginoides (Linnaeus) comb. nov. Lectotype (designated here) of Fucus tamariscifolius Hudson, Fucus ericoides Linnaeus and Fucus erica-marina S.G.Gmelin. Sheet No. 1920, Sherard Herbarium (OXF).

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Fig. 2. Manuscript annotations on LINN 1274.12: the “D” was written by Linnaeus, “ex descr. verus Syst. Nat. ed. 10 not known to be British D.T” was written by Smith (Savage 1945). The “D.T” stands for “Dawson Turner”.

According to Dixon (1959: 38), “…there is only a very slight chance” that the material upon which Hudson’s Flora anglica was based survived a fire of 1783 and none such has been found for Fucus tamariscifolius Hudson. The type of Fucus tamariscifolius should therefore be chosen from the other elements in the protologue. Roberts (1968) mentioned a plant at OXF which Ray used as original material for his brief description of his Fucus 44: “Fucus foliis Ericæ seu Tamarisci” (Ray 1724), the validating description for Fucus tamariscifolius Hudson (1762) and is here designated as lectotype. Since Linnaeus (1763) and Gmelin (1768) also used the same description as Ray in their protologues, the same herbarium sheet constitutes part of the original material of F. ericoides and F. erica-marina, they are lectotypified with the same material, fixing the synonymy of all three names.

Ericaria zosteroides (C.Agardh) comb. nov. Basionym: Cystoseira zosteroides C.Agardh, Species algarum 1(1): 71, 1821. Homotypic synonyms: Fucus zosteroides Turner, Fuci 4: 83, 1819, nom. illeg., non Fucus zosteroides J.V.Lamouroux, 1805. Carpodesmia zosteroides (C.Agardh) Greville, Algae britannicae: xxxiv, 1830. Heterotypic synonyms: Cystoseira opuntioides Bory ex Montagne, Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842. Sciences physiques. Botanique. Cryptogamie 1: 14, 1846. Phyllacantha opuntioides (Bory ex Montagne) Kützing, Species algarum: 598, 1849. Carpodesmia opuntioides (Bory ex Montagne) Kützing Tabulae phycologicae 10: 13, 1860. Gongolaria opuntioides (Bory ex Montagne) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 2: 895, 1891.

Many thanks to Prof. G. Furnari, Dr J. McNeill and Dr R.L. Moe for their expert advice.

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