Duabio~Afi Terkait Supersemar

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Duabio~Afi Terkait Supersemar Dll'ARTIMIK .... PUlf ~\.. ::. DAI IIAN II BADAi PIMBIIIAAII IIUIUN IWIIOICAL JL. MAYOi JIIDIRAL IU'IOYO-CILILI!AI JAIAl!A TIMUI SUHBII S1lJtltY·~ DuaBio~afi Terkait Supersemar Asvi Warman Adam Bujukan Dasaat di Pegangsaan, Jakarta. Baik Betulkah surat itu diberikan oleh Pre­ Dasaat maupun Hasjim dikenal dekat Ahli Peneliti UPI dan Visiting Fellow di KITLV Leiden siden dengan sukarela atas inisiatifnya dengan Bung Karno. sendiri? Kesaksian Wilardjito dari Yog­ Kedua pengusaha itu diminta oleh yakarta yang menghebohkan itu-pe­ Alamsjah untuk membujuk Presiden eskipun ada lfndang­ nyerahan surat itu melalui todongan Soekarno agar menyerahkan kekuasa­ undang yang menya­ senjata terhadap Bung Karno- bisa sa­ annya kepada Mayor Jenderal Soeharto. takan bahwa seseo­ ja dibantah. Namun tidak pelak lagi Terjadi perdebatan mengenai istilah rang yang menyimpan bahwa proses keluamya Supersemar di­ penyerahan kekuasaan atau pemerin­ arsip negara dapat warnai dengan bujukan dan tekanan. tahan. J adi Soekarno tetap berkuasa dihukum penjara, Hal ini terlihat pada dua biografi tokoh (sebagai Presiden) sedangkan yang men­ Mnaskah asli Supersemar (Surat Perintah yang terlibat dalam proses tersebut se­ j alankan pemerintahan adalah Soe­ 11 Maret) 1966 tak kunjung bersua. En­ belum tanggal 11 Maret yaitu Jenderal harto. Apa pun yang disepakati di ru­ tah siapa yang menyimpan dokumen Alamsjah Ratuprawiranegara (Perja­ mah itu, Soeharto telah menanti hasil­ yang begitu penting dalam proses per­ lanan Hidup Seorang Anak Yatim Pia- nya di tempat lain. alihan kekuasaan di Indonesia. Penelitian sejarah tentu tidak ter­ gantung semata-mata kepada adanya arsip yang otentik, tetapi juga menyang­ Penelitian sejarah tentu tidak tergantung kut antara lain tentang proses keluarnya surat perintah yang berdampak sangat semata-mata kepada adanya arsip yang otentik, besar dalam sejarah negara. Pada buku sejarah yang diajarkan di sekolah terke­ tetapi juga menyangkut antara lain tentang san bahwa surat itu didapatkan secara spontan. Tiga orang jenderal seusai si­ proses keluarnya surat perintah yang dang kabinet yang dihentikan secara mendadak tanggal 11 Maret 1966 be­ berdampak sangat besar dalam sejarah negara. rembuk di tangga Istana Negara lalu menemui Soeharto di rumahnya di Ja­ lan Agus Salim, Menteng. Setelah be­ runding, mereka bertiga pergi ke Istana tu, 1995) dan pengusaha Hasjim Ning Pada tengah malam dibuat surat ke­ Bogor. Malamnya setelah memperoleh (Pasang Surut Pengusaha Pejuang, terangan yang ditandatangani Soeharto surat perintah dari Presiden Soekarno 1986). bahwa kedua pengusaha diutus untuk kepada Mayor J enderal Soeharto mere­ Rasanya mustahil keduanya ber­ menemui Presiden Soekarno. Surat ini ka pulang ke Jakarta. sekongkol mengarang cerita bohong. memperlihatkan bahwa Soeharto me­ Seakan-akan semuanya berjalan mu­ Memang pada biografi itu terdapat per­ ngetahui dan mendukung manuver lus. Tidak ada tekanan apalagi paksaan. bedaan mengenai terjadinya peristiwa yang dijalankan oleh Alamsjah. Berkat Bahkan dalam buku pelajaran Sejarah yang melibatkan mereka, yang satu me­ surat itu pula kedua pengusaha bisa Nasional Indonesia untuk SMA yang nye but tanggal 6 Maret dan satu lagi menembus dua lapis penjagaan di se­ disunting oleh Nugroho Notosusanto mengatakan tanggal 9 Maret 1966. Na­ kitar Istana Bogor. dan Yusmar Bari digambarka.n bahwa mun mengenai substansinya mereka se­ Pada lapis terdalam terdapat pasukan ketiga jenderal itu sengaja berkunjung jalan. Jadi pada tanggal 6 Maret malam Cakrabirawa yang setia kepada Bung ke Bogor agar Presiden Soekarno tidak Hasjim Ning dipanggil oleh Alamsjah Kamo. Di lingkaran sebelah luar terda­ kesepian. untuk datang ke rumah pengusaha pat pasukan Kostrad yang mengepung _____,.... ,..,.•,wt ·rM..._ ........................... ._, ______,___ _____ ___________________________ ) . i Dll'AITIMIII .... ~ ~<:, DAI liAM II BADAi PIMBIIIAAII IIUIUN IIASlOICAL JL. MAYOi JIIDIIAL IU!OYO•CILILl!AI JAIAl!A TJKUI -----··••11,,. ,.......... ..................., __ ___ _ _____ _ _ .,._ ____ _______ __..,. _________~ SUMBII .~':2.9.!:l_f.':!::.~'f.P,-·f'.J...... _11A1_1 __ ,_ ,o_L_:_R_a_b_J'---9~_3_o_J_' _ H_LN_. ~·'_,_o_L_ : ,:....-,_W_J_ - t._ __ ,_ 0_01_:_ ------••S1lJiW··¥, ·u., .... _,. .... .,,11111•••111•,--------------------------------------- Istana. Kedua pengusaha itu sempat bermalam di Istana Bogor dan Hasjim tidak lupa membawakan makanan ke­ sukaan Bung Karno. Bila saatnya tiba, mereka menyampaikan pesan Soeharto kepada Presiden Soekarno. Soekarno tidak banyak bicara mengenai hal ini, tetapi pada pokoknya ia menolak per­ mintaan tersebut. Akhirnya Dasaat dan Hasjim Ning pulang ke Jakarta tanpa membawa hasil. Meskipun demikian dari kisah nyata ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Soeharto telah berupaya sebe­ lum keluamya Supersemar untuk mem­ bujuk Presiden Soekarno menyerahkan kekuasaan a tau apa pun istilahnya. Ka­ rena bujukan itu tidak berhasil maka dilakukan usaha yang lebih keras yaitu tekanan atau mungkin dapat disebut paksaan. Masyarakat Indonesia yang minus dokumen sejarah terbantu oleh a4anya biografi kedua tokoh tadi. Me­ mang ada kesan bahwa riwayat hidup seorang besar hanya "kecap" tentang kehebatan dirinya, tetapi sesungguhnya dalam hal tertentu atau menyangkut suatu peristiwa, kisah itu - setelah dicek-silang- bisa dijadikan rujukan. Dengan demikian, ketiga jenderal (Amir Machmud, Basuki Rachmat, dan M Jusuf) yang datang ke Istana Bogor tanggal 11 Maret 1966 bukanlah untuk menemani Bung Karno agar beliau tidak kesepian seperti ditulis dalam buku pelajaran sejarah pada era Orde Baru. Misi mereka itu tercakup dalam konteks situasi yang dibangun sebelum­ nya, yaitu kekuasaan hams direbut de­ ngan segala cara, baik dengan bujukan a tau, kalau tidak bisa, dengan tekanan dan paksaan. Semoga suksesi kekuasa­ an semacam ini tidak terulang lagi da­ lam sejarah Indonesia. • _____ 11.. ._,,..,wt ·r••---•.-••.. • • 111• .. fll,... ___ ________ ______________ ________________ c: blang1lt.(:1•. dc» cJIHIJ.S lt~OK-2000 .
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