See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283034971

Porpomyces submucidus (, ), a new species from tropical China based on morphological and molecular evidence

Article in Phytotaxa · October 2015 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.230.1.5

CITATIONS READS 2 186

2 authors, including:

Fang Wu Beijing Forestry University

73 PUBLICATIONS 838 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Fang Wu on 30 May 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Phytotaxa 230 (1): 061–068 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.1.5

Porpomyces submucidus (Hydnodontaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species from tropical China based on morphological and molecular evidence

FANG WU*, YUAN YUAN & CHANG-LIN ZHAO 1Institute of Microbiology, PO Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China * Corresponding authors’ e-mails: [email protected] (FW)

Abstract

A new species is described from tropical China as Porpomyces submucidus on the basis of both morphological characters and molecular evidence. Phylogenetic analyse based on the ITS sequence, LSU sequence and the ITS+LSU sequence show that the new species belongs to Porpomyces and forms a distict clade as a sister group of Porpomyces mucidus. The is characterized by thin, white to cream, resupinate basidiome with cottony to rhizomorphic margin, small pores (7–9 per mm), a monomitic hyphal structure with clamped generative hyphae, usually ampullated at most septa, and small, hyaline, thin-walled, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 2.2–2.8 × 1.2–1.8 μm. It is closely related to Porpomyces mucidus, but the latter has larger pores (4–5 per mm) and larger basidiospores (2.8–3.9 × 2–2.8 μm).

Key words: phylogeny, , Trechisporales

Introduction

Porpomyces Jülich (Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales), typified with Porpomyces mucidus (Pers. : Fr.) Jülich, was erected by Jülich (1982) and characterized by a combination of monomitic hyphal structure, clamped generative hyphae and a negative reaction in Melzer’s reagent (Jülich 1982, Tomšovský et al. 2010). The was treated as a synonym of Ceriporiopsis Domański by many mycologists (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986, Núñez & Ryvarden 2001, Ryvarden & Melo 2014). However, Rajchenberg (2003) found that the species formed ampulliform septa in culture. Additionally, molecular phylogeny demonstrated that it formed a distinct clade as a sister group of P. Karst., and is not related to Ceriporiopsis (Larsson 2001). So, Porpomyces was revived as a valid genus based on morphological and molecular evidence by Rajchenberg (2003), Niemelä (2005), Tomšovský et al. (2010) and Yurchenko et al. (2014). Morphologically, Porpomyces differs from Ceriporiopsis by having cottony to rhizomorphic margin and ampullate clamp connections. China has a high diversity of polypores, especially in Hainan Province which is an island located between 18°10‘– 20°10‘N and 108°37‘–111°05‘E in Southern China, and 260 polypore species have been recorded from the island (Dai et al. 2011, 2012, Tian et al. 2013, Li et al. 2014). During a repeated field survey for wood-decaying fungi of Hainan Province in 2014, a nice resupinate polypore with white pores and rhizomorphic margin was found, and it was tentatively identified as Porpomyces mucidus. However, its smaller pores and basidiospores than those of P. mucidus suggest that it might be an undescribed species. Phylogenetic analysis confirms that it is new species of Porpomyces. The illustrated description of the new species is provided in the present paper.

Materials and methods

Morphological studies.—Studied specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University (BJFC). The microscopic procedure followed He & Dai (2012). Sections were studied at magnifications up to × 1000 using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope and phase contrast illumination (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Drawings were made with a drawing tube. Microscopic features, measurements and drawings were made from

Accepted by Samantha Karunarathna: 14 Sept. 2015; published: 6 Oct. 2015 61 slides stained with Cotton Blue and Melzer’s reagent. Spores were measured from sections cut from the tubes. Five percent of measurements were excluded from each end of the range, and were given in parentheses. In the text the following abbreviations were used: KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide, IKI = Melzer’s reagent, IKI– = neither amyloid nor dextrinoid, CB = Cotton Blue, CB+ = cyanophilous, L = mean spore length (arithmetic average of all spores), W = mean spore width (arithmetic average of all spores), Q = variation in the ratios of L/W between specimens studied, n = number of spores measured from given number of specimens (Zhao et al. 2013, Li et al. 2014, Zhou et al. 2015). Special color terms followed Petersen (1996). DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses.—Rapid extraction of genomic DNA kit CTAB (Aidlab Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Beijing, China) was used to obtain DNA from dried specimens and cultural strains, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. ITS regions were amplified with primers ITS4 and ITS5 (White et al. 1990), and the LSU with primers LR0R and LR7 (http://www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm). PCR conditions were as follows: for ITS, initial denaturation at 95°C for 3 min, followed by 34 cycles at 94°C for 40 s, 54°C for 45 s, 72°C for 1 min; for LSU, initial denaturation at 94°C for 1 min, followed by 34 cycles at 94°C for 30 s, 50°C for 1 min, 72°C for 1.5 min, and a final extension of 72°C for 10 min. DNA sequencing was performed at Beijing Genomics Institute, China, with the same primers. All newly generated sequences were submitted to GenBank (Table 1). Sequences generated for this study were aligned with additional sequences downloaded from GenBank (Table 1) using BioEdit (Hall 1999) and ClustalX (Thompson et al. 1997). Sequence alignments were deposited at TreeBase (submission ID 17710).

TABLE 1. List of species, specimens and GenBank accession number of sequences used in this study. GenBank accessions Species name Sample no. ITS LSU olivascens (Bres.) K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam KHL 8571 - JN649327 alba Yurchenko & Sheng H. Wu TNM F25503 JQ612713 JQ612714 F. alba TNM F24944 KC928274 KC928275 F. brevidens (Pat.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden Wu 9807-16 KC928276 KC928277 F. gossypina Parmasto AFTOL-ID 599 DQ249274 AY646100 Hyphodontia floccosa (Bourdot & Galzin) J. Erikss. Berglund 150-02 DQ873618 DQ873617 H. subalutacea (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. GEL2196 DQ340341 DQ340362 Porpomyces mucidus BRNM 710171 FJ496660 FJ496696 P. mucidus Cui 6919 KT157831a KT157836a P. mucidus JV 040725 KT157832a KT157837a P. mucidus Dai 12692 KT157833a KT157838a P. mucidus Dai 10726 KT157834a KT157839a P. mucidus Dai 175 KT157835a - P. submucidus F. Wu & C.L. Zhao Cui 5183 KT152143a KT152145a P. submucidus Dai 13708 KT152144a KT152146a suecicum Litsch. ex J. Erikss. KHL 11849 EU118666 EU118667 longisporum (Pat.) Parmasto ZJ 4 JQ905612 - Trechispora alnicola (Bourdot & Galzin) Liberta AFTOL-ID 665 DQ411529 - T. farinacea (Pers. : Fr.) Liberta TUB 011825 EU909231 EU909231 T. hymenocystis (Berk. & Broome) K.H. Larss. KHL 8795 AF347090 - T. incisa K.H. Larss. EH 24/98 AF347085 - T. mollusca (Pers. Fr.) Liberta CFMR: DLL2011-186 KJ140681 - T. mollusca DLL2010-077 JQ673209 - T. nivea (Pers. : Fr.) K.H. Larss. G. Kristiansen - AY586720 T. regularis (Murrill) Liberta KHL 10881 AF347087 - Trechispora sp. 4Bart146S HQ022084 - Trechispora sp. G9-10 KF527456 - Trechispora sp. CFMR: DLL2011-162 KJ140660 - Trechispora sp. CFMR: DLL2011-213 KJ140703 - Trechispora sp. CFMR: DLL2011-008 KJ140534 - T. thelephora (Lév.) Ryvarden 1820 AMV KF937369 - vermiferum (Bourdot) Oberw. KHL 8714 - AY463477 a Newly generated sequences for this study

62 • Phytotaxa 230 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press WU ET AL. Maximum parsimony analysis was applied to ITS, LSU and a concatenated dataset of ITS and LSU sequences. Sequences of Hyphodontia floccosa (Bourdot & Galzin) J. Erikss. and H. subalutacea (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. obtained from GenBank were used as outgroups (Yurchenko & Wu 2014). MP analysis was performed with PAUP* version 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). All characters were equally weighted and gaps were treated as missing data. Trees were inferred using the heuristic search option with TBR branch swapping and 1,000 random sequence additions. Max-trees were set to 5,000, branches of zero length were collapsed and all parsimonious trees were saved. Clade robustness was assessed using bootstrap (BT) with 1,000 replicates (Felsenstein 1985). MrMODELTEST2.3 (Posada & Crandall 1998, Nylander 2004) was used to determine the best-fit evolution model for each data set for Bayesian inference (BI). Bayesian inference was calculated with MrBayes3.1.2 with a general time reversible (GTR) model of DNA substitution and a gamma distribution rate variation across sites (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003). Four Markov chains were run for two runs from random starting trees for 0.5 million generations (ITS), for 0.2 million generations (LSU), for 0.5 million generations (ITS+LSU), and trees were sampled every 100 generations. The first one-fourth generations were discarded as burn-in (Tomšovský et al. 2010, Zhao et al. 2013, Li et al. 2014). Best models for the ITS, LSU and ITS+LSU datasets estimated and applied in the Bayesian analysis: GTR+I+G, lset nst = 6, rates = invgamma; prset statefreqpr = dirichlet (1,1,1,1). A majority rule consensus tree of all remaining trees was calculated. Branches that received bootstrap support for maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) greater or equal than 75% (MP) and 0.95 (BPP), respectively, were considered as significantly supported.

Results

The ITS dataset included sequences from 29 fungal specimens representing 19 species. The dataset had an aligned length of 849 characters, of which 324 characters are constant, 136 are variable and parsimony-uninformative, and 389 are parsimony-informative. Maximum parsimony analysis yielded two equally parsimonious trees (TL = 1531, CI = 0.613, HI = 0.387, RI = 0.683, RC = 0.419). Bayesian analysis resulted in a similar topology as MP analysis, with an average standard deviation of split frequencies of 0.002523 (BI). The phylogeny (Fig. 1) inferred from ITS sequences recovered five major groups. Two samplings from Hainan formed a unique clade and were then grouped as a sister group of Porpomyces mucidus, but with low support.

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic position of Porpomyces submucidus inferred from ITS sequences. Branches are labeled with bootstrap values (before slash) higher than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (after slash) more than 0.95.

PORPOMYCES SUBMUCIDUS (HYDNODONTACEAE) Phytotaxa 230 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 63 The LSU dataset included sequences from 18 fungal specimens representing 12 species. The dataset had an aligned length of 1378 characters, of which 1079 characters are constant, 155 are variable and parsimony-uninformative, and 144 are parsimony-informative. Maximum parsimony analysis yielded six equally parsimonious trees (TL = 471, CI = 0.758, HI = 0.242, RI = 0.741, RC = 0.562). Bayesian analysis resulted in a topology similar to the one from MP analysis, with an average standard deviation of split frequencies = 0.007421 (BI). The phylogeny (Fig. 2) inferred from LSU sequences showed that the new taxon was also grouped with Porpomyces mucidus (95% BP, 1.00 BPP), and then clusters with sequences from Fibrodontia Parmasto, Trechispora and Tubulicium Oberw.

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic position of Porpomyces submucidus inferred from nLSU sequences. Branches are labeled with bootstrap values (before slash) higher than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (after slash) more than 0.95.

The ITS+LSU dataset included sequences from 17 fungal specimens representing 10 species. The dataset had an aligned length of 2936 characters, of which 1980 characters are constant, 463 are variable and parsimony- uninformative, and 493 are parsimony-informative. Maximum parsimony analysis yielded two equally parsimonious trees (TL = 1512, CI = 0.812, HI = 0.187, RI = 0.779, RC = 0.633). Bayesian analysis resulted in a similar topology as the MP analysis, with an average standard deviation of split frequencies = 0.003523 (BI). The phylogeny (Fig. 3) inferred from the concatenated ITS+LSU sequences was obtained and demonstrated that the new taxon formed a monophyletic entity, and then grouped with Porpomyces mucidus and Brevicellicium olivascens (Bres.) K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam.

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic position of Porpomyces submucidus inferred from ITS+nLSU sequences. Branches are labeled with bootstrap values (before slash) higher than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (after slash) more than 0.95.

64 • Phytotaxa 230 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press WU ET AL. Taxonomy

Porpomyces submucidus F. Wu & C.L. Zhao, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5) MycoBank MB 812857

Differs from Porpomyces mucidus Jülich by smaller pores (7–9 per mm) and basidiospores (2.2–2.8 × 1.2–1.8 μm). Type.—CHINA. Hainan Province, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, on fallen rotten angiosperm wood, 17 June 2014, Y.C. Dai 13708 (holotype, BJFC 017445).

FIGURE 4. Porpomyces submucidus (holotype). A basidiocarp.

Etymology.—Submucidus (Lat.) referring to the resemblance with Porpomyces mucidus. Basidiome.—Annual, resupinate, up to 20 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 0.5 mm thick at the centre, soft when fresh, without odour or taste; becoming soft corky upon drying, sterile margin, cottony to rhizomorphic, thinning out, up to 2 mm. Pore surface white when fresh, becoming cream to buff when dry; pores round to angular, 7–9 per mm; dissepiments thin, mostly even. Subiculum white, soft corky, very thin, about 0.1 mm thick. Tubes buff, soft corky, up to 0.4 mm long. Hyphal structure.—Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae smooth, all septa with clamp connections, usually ampullate; hyphae unchanged in KOH. Subiculum.—Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, frequently branched with abundant clamp connections, loosely interwoven, IKI–, CB–, 2.5–4 μm in diam. Tubes.—Tramal hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, frequently branched with abundant clamp connections, loosely interwoven, IKI–, CB–, 2–3 μm in diam. Cystidia and cystidioles absent; basidia barrel-shaped, thin-walled with a basal clamp and four sterigmata, 6–7 × 4–5 μm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, slightly smaller. Spores.—Basidiospores ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, tapering towards the apiculus, IKI–, CB–, (2– )2.2–2.8(–3) × 1.2–1.8(–2) μm, L = 2.36 μm, W = 1.53 μm, Q = 1.54 (n=30/1).

PORPOMYCES SUBMUCIDUS (HYDNODONTACEAE) Phytotaxa 230 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 65 FIGURE 5. Microscopic structures of Porpomyces submucidus (holotype). a: Basidiospores. b: Basidia and basidioles. c: Hyphae from trama. d: Hyphae from subiculum.

Additional specimens examined.—Porpomyces submucidus. CHINA. Hainan Province, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, on fallen rotten angiosperm wood, 17 November 2007, B.K. Cui 5183 (BJFC 003224). Porpomyces mucidus. CHINA. Shanxi Province, Jiaocheng County, Pangquangou Nature Reserve, on fallen trunk of Picea, 12 October 2004, Yuan 860 (BJFC 000401). ITALY. Rome, Castal Fusano, on rotten wood of Pinus, 26 April 2005, Dai 6549 (BJFC 000403). FINLAND. Etelä-Häme, Lammi Biological Station, on fallen trunk of Betula, 8 October 1992, Dai 222 (BJFC 000402). Rigidoporus minutus. CHINA. Hainan Province, Baoting County, Diaoluoshan Nature Reserve, on rotten angiosperm, 14 June 2014, Dai 13602A (BJFC017341), Dai 13605A (BJFC017344). Remarks.—Porpomyces submucidus is rather similar to P. mucidus, but the latter has larger pores as 4–5 per mm, fusoid cystidioles, presence of large crystals among hyphae and hymenia, and larger basidiospores measuring (2.7–)

66 • Phytotaxa 230 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press WU ET AL. 2.8–3.9(–4.4) × (1.9–)2–2.8(–3) μm, L = 3.2 μm, W = 2.3 μm, Q = 1.3–1.4 (Niemelä 2005). In addition, Porpomyces mucidus has a wide distribution in temperate areas in north hemisphere (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986, Núñez & Ryvarden 2001, Dai 2012, Ryvarden & Melo 2014), while Porpomyces submucidus is found in tropical forest in Southern China so far.

Discussion

According to our phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS (Fig. 1), the LSU (Fig. 2) and the ITS+LSU datasets (Fig. 3), the new species formed a new distinct clade with full support and was close to Porpomyces mucidus. It is described as Porpomyces submucidus. The species Porpomyces mucidus was as outgroup in previous study (Tomšovský et al. 2010), which is not close to related taxonomic species, Ceriporiopsis balaenae Niemelä, which belongs to polyporales. Yurchenko & Wu (2014) study Fibridontia and the species Porpomyces mucidus was including, but only for a referenceae, and they also proposed that there is only one species in this genus. In the field, Porpomyces submucidus may be confused with Rigidoporus minutus B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai because of the white, resupinate basidiome with small pores, and the latter species also occurs in the Hainan Island. However, Rigidoporus minutus has agglutinated hypahe with simple septa and subglobose basidiopores (Cui et al. 2009). Porpomyces submucidus and Ceriporiopsis share a monomitic hyphal structure with clamp connections, but the former has rhizomorphic margin, small basidiospores (< 3 μm long) and ampullate clamp connections, while the latter lacks rhizomorphic margin, has long basidiospores (> 3 μm long) and regular clamp connections. Microscopically, Porpomyces submucidus has a hyphal structure similar to Trechispora, but the latter has echinulate basidiospores, and its hyphae are mostly encrusted with crystals (Ryvarden & Melo 2014).

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Haijiao Li (Beijing, China) for his help with the drawing. The research was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31372115).

References

Cui, B.K., Dai, Y.C. & Li, B.D. (2009) Notes on the genus Rigidoporus (Basidiomycota, Aphyllophorales) in China. Nova Hedwigia 88: 189–197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0088-0189 Dai, Y.C. (2012) Polypore diversity in China with an annotated checklist of Chinese polypores. Mycoscience 53: 49–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-011-0134-3 Dai, Y.C., Cui, B.K., Yuan, H.S., He, S.H., Wei, Y.L., Qin, W.M., Zhou, L.W. & Li, H.J. (2011) Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China 4. Polypores from Hainan Province. Annales Botanici Fennici 8: 219–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0302 Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence intervals on phylogenetics: an approach using bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2408678 Gilbertson, R.L. & Ryvarden, L. (1986) North American polypores 1. Fungiflora, Oslo. Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98. He, S.H. & Dai, Y.C. (2012) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Hymenochaete and allied genera of Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. Fungal Diversity 56: 77–93 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0174-9 Jülich, W. (1982) Notes on some Basidiomycetes (Aphyllophorales and Heterobasidiomycetes). Persoonia 11: 421–428. Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010 Katoh, K. & Toh, H. (2008) Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Briefings in Bioinformatics 9: 286–298.

PORPOMYCES SUBMUCIDUS (HYDNODONTACEAE) Phytotaxa 230 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 67 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn013 Larsson, K.L. (2001) The position of Poria mucida inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Harvard Papers in Botany 6: 131–138. Li, H.J., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2014) Taxonomy and multi-gene phylogeny of Datronia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). Persoonia 32: 170–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158514X681828 Niemelä, T. (2005) Polypores, lignicolous fungi. Norrlinia 13: 1–320. Núñez, M. & Ryvarden, L. (2001) East Asian polypores 2. Polyporaceae s. lato. Synopsis Fungorum 14: 170–522. Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University. Pattengale, N.D., Alipour, M., Bininda-Emonds, O.R.P., Moret, B.M.E. & Stamatakis, A. (2010) How many bootstrap replicates are necessary? Journal of Computational Biology 17: 337–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2009.0179 Petersen, J.H. (1996) Farvekort. The Danish Mycological Society’s colour-chart. Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve. Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: Testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817 Rajchenberg, M. (2003) Taxonomic studies on selected Austral polypores. Australian Systematic Botany 16: 473–485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SB02027 Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572– 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180 Ryvarden, L. & Melo, I. (2014) Poroid fungi of Europe. Synopsis Fungorum 31: 1–455. Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12: 335–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0 Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446 Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts. Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The CLUSTAL X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 4876–4882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876 Tian, X.M., Yu, H.Y., Zhou, L.W., Decock, C., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2013) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Inonotus linteus complex. Fungal Diversity 58: 159–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0202-9 Tomšovský, M., Menkis, A. & Vasaitis, R. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships in European Ceriporiopsis species inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Fungal Biology 114: 350–358. http://dx.doi.org/110.1016/j.funbio.2010.02.004 White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 Yurchenko, E. & Wu, S.H. (2014) Fibrodontia alba sp. nov. (Basidiomycota) from Taiwan. Mycoscience 55: 336–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2013.12.004 Zhao, C.L., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2013) New species and phylogeny of Perenniporia based on morphological and molecular characters. Fungal Diversity 58: 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0177-6 Zhou, L.W. & Dai, Y.C. (2012) Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China 5. New species of Theleporus and Grammothele (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). Mycologia 104: 915–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/11-302 Zhou, L.W., Vlasák, J., Decock, C., Assefa, A., Stenlid, J., Abate, D., Wu, S.H. & Dai, Y.C. (2015) Global diversity and taxonomy of the Inonotus linteus complex (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): Sanghuangporusgen. nov., Tropicoporus excentrodendri and T. guanacastensis gen. et spp. nov., and 17 new combinations. Fungal Diversity: 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0335-8

68 • Phytotaxa 230 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press WU ET AL.

View publication stats