In Memory of Marvin Jerome Allison

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In Memory of Marvin Jerome Allison Volumen 47, Nº 4, 2015. Páginas 543-547 Chungara, Revista de Antropología Chilena EDITORIAL DE RICHMOND A ARICA: EN MEMORIA DE MARVIN JEROME ALLISON FROM RICHMOND TO ARICA: IN MEMORY OF MARVIN JEROME ALLISON Bernardo Arriaza1, Vivien G. Standen2, Calogero M. Santoro1 y Jorge Hidalgo3 Compartimos con los lectores de Chungara We share the sad news with the readers of Revista de Antrpología Chilena la triste noticia del Chungara Revista de Antropología Chilena of the fallecimiento del Dr. Marvin J. Allison, ex académico death of Dr. Marvin J. Allison, a former Faculty at de la Universidad de Tarapacá y profesor emérito Universidad de Tarapacá and professor emeritus at en la Universidad de Virginia Commonwealth, Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, Estados Unidos. Marvin fue Virginia in the United States. Marvin was one uno de los grandes paleopatólogos y pioneros de la of the great paleopathologists and a pioneer of bioarqueología mundial, aunque poco reconocido bioarchaeology though poorly recognized within en los ambitos académicos del “primer” mundo. academic circles in the developed world. He was Nació el 6 de enero 1921 y su partida se produjo born January 6, 1921, and died June 23, 2015. el 23 junio de 2015. Marvin siempre decía: “viviré Marvin always said, “I will live many years, my muchos años, mi familia es muy longeva”, y family is long-lived”, and he was certainly right ciertamente estaba en lo correcto, al fallecer a la for he died at the respectable age of 94. respetable edad de 94 años. Marvin was a scholar and erudite of pathology Marvin era un estudioso y erudito de la patología and paleopathology. He was a microbiology professor y paleopatología. Fue profesor de microbiología at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV). From the en el Medical College of Virginia (MCV) y desde mid-1970s onwards, he and two of his inseparable mediados de los años setenta, con sus colegas inse- colleagues, Enrique Gerszten (MCV) and Juan parables, Enrique Gerszten (MCV) y Juan Munizaga Munizaga (Universidad de Chile), visited Latin (Universidad de Chile), visitaban continuamente America, especially Ilo (Peru) and Arica (Chile), Latinoamérica especialmente Ilo (Perú) y Arica striving to establish the seeds for future research (Chile) para trabajar en establecer en este rincón del planeta la semilla de las investigaciones en in paleopathology in this corner of the world. paleopatología. Su primera visita a Arica se realizó His first visit to Arica occurred in the summer of en el verano de 1977, gracias a un convenio formal, 1977, thanks to a formal agreement in the winter en el invierno de 1976, entre Marvin Allison, Juan of 1976 between Marvin Allison, Juan Munizaga Munizaga y Jorge Hidalgo, permitió la utilización and Jorge Hidalgo, that permit the utilization of de fondos de National Geographic Society para funds from the National Geographic Society to realizar excavaciones sistemáticas en el cementerio carry out systematic excavations in the municipal municipal de San Miguel de Azapa, que se expandía cemetery of San Miguel de Azapa, which at the time vertiginosamente por esos años poniendo en riesgo was expanding vigorously, putting the surrounding el patrimonio arqueológico subyacente bajo las archaeological patrimony at risk. Field work was tumbas actuales. El trabajo de campo fue realiza- done by Calogero Santoro and served as the basis do por Calogero Santoro y sirvió de base para su for his bachelor thesis at Universidad del Norte memoria de título en la Universidad del Norte de in Antofagasta. The summer of the following year, Antofagasta. En el verano del año siguiente, 1978, 1978, Marvin Allison spent another research period 1 Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile. [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile. [email protected] 3 Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. [email protected] 00-INDICE-EDITORIAL 47-4.indd 543 10-12-15 11:40 544 Editorial Marvin Allison volvió a pasar otra temporada de (in Chile) and fate, through the student employment investigación y el destino, mediante la central de office at Universidad del Norte, lead him to meet empleo para estudiantes de la Universidad del Norte, Bernardo Arriaza, which awakened in the latter an lo llevó a conocer a Bernardo Arriaza, lo que despertó impulse to develop a research career in the field of en este último el ímpetu por desarrollar una carrera bioanthropology and paleopathology. de investigación en el ámbito de la bioantropología After retiring in the United States, Marvin saw y la paleopatología. the convenience of settling in Arica, Chile, to form Después de jubilarse en los Estados Unidos, part of the Museo Arqueológico San Miguel de Azapa Marvin vio la conveniencia de radicarse en Arica, staff, in the Instituto de Antropología at Universidad Chile, para formar parte del Museo Arqueológico de Tarapacá, from 1981 to 1988. There he worked in San Miguel de Azapa, del Instituto de Antropología collaboration with Guillermo Focacci, Luis Briones, de la Universidad de Tarapacá, desde 1981 hasta Liliana Ulloa, Percy Dauelsberg, Calogero Santoro 1988. En dicha unidad trabajó mancomunadamente and in numerous fieldwork expeditions, including the con Guillermo Focacci, Luis Briones, Liliana Ulloa, archaeological excavations to rescue pre-Hispanic Percy Dauelsberg, Calogero Santoro y en numerosos cemeteries, due to the growing urbanization of the trabajos de campo, incluyendo las excavaciones arqueológicas de rescate de cementerios prehispá- city of Arica and the expansion of agricultural fields nicos, producto de la creciente urbanización de la in the Azapa and Lluta Valleys. ciudad de Arica y de la expansión de los campos At the time, not only were pre-Columbian agrícolas en los valles de Azapa y de Lluta. mummies and funerary bundles destroyed by natural En ese entonces las momias y fardos funerarios processes such as humidity, insects, and mold, but also precolombinos no solo eran destruidos por procesos due to the lack of conservation policies on mummified naturales como la humedad, insectos y hongos, sino human remains. Furthermore, physical anthropology también por la carencia de políticas de conservación at the time tended to study osseous remains and not sobre restos humanos momificados. En esa época soft tissue. Marvin brought new procedures to study la antropología física tendía al estudio de los restos the latter, allowing us to considerably expand our óseos y no se investigaban los tejidos orgánicos knowledge of pre-Columbian diseases. Marvin saw blandos. Marvin trajo procedimientos novedosos mummies as a source of incalculable information, para efectuar estudios de esa materialidad que performing numerous autopsies to learn the causes permitió ampliar considerablemente el horizonte of death of pre-Columbian populations. As a result de nuestros conocimientos sobre las enfermedades of these studies, he wrote more than 200 articles precolombinas. Marvin veía a las momias como in specialized journals and served as an advisor una fuente de información incalculable, realizan- for numerous undergraduate and graduate theses, do numerosas autopsias para conocer las causas mainly from foreign students. de muerte de poblaciones precolombinas. Como In the area of paleopathology, Marvin was resultado de estos estudios escribió más de 200 one of the pioneers in suggesting that infectious artículos en revistas especializadas y fue profesor disease, like tuberculosis, existed in pre-Columbian guía de numerosas tesis de pre y posgrado, princi- America. His findings were later corroborated by palmente de estudiantes extranjeros. other investigators. He also reported that pneumonia En el área de la paleopatología Marvin fue uno significantly affected ancient populations just like de los pioneros en plantear que las enfermedades in- fecciosas como la tuberculosis existían en la América it does today. In addition, he contributed substan- precolombina. Hallazgos que más tarde fueron corro- tially to the study of mummification techniques of borados por otros investigadores. También reportó the Chinchorro people and to position them in the que las neumonías afectaban significativamente a las international community as a relevant topic in early antiguas poblaciones como a las actuales y contribuyó American archaeology. In the museum, he set up a sustancialmente al estudio de las técnicas de momifi- laboratory of physical anthropology, where together cación Chinchorro y a posicionarlas en la comunidad with his collaborators they performed autopsies of internacional como tema relevante en la arqueología ancient mummies, sharing his results when he found Americana temprana. En el museo implementó un unexpected phenomena, such as individuals that died laboratorio de antropología física, donde junto a sus due to injury by a projectile point or women who died 00-INDICE-EDITORIAL 47-4.indd 544 10-12-15 11:40 Editorial 545 colaboradores realizaban las autopsias, compartiendo in childbirth. In bioarchaeology, he contributed with sus resultados cuando encontraba fenómenos insos- case studies as well as with population analyses. pechados como individuos que fallecieron por efecto Some of his work is published in Revista Chungara. de una punta de proyectil o de mujeres en el proceso In addition, together with Enrique Gerszten, they de parto. En la bioarqueología contribuyó tanto con published the Paleopathology
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