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Jewish Physicians in the Early Life of Adolph Hitler

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Jewish Physicians in the Early Life of Adolph Hitler JEWISH PHYSICIANS IN THE EARLY LIFE OF ADOLPH HITLER VESALIUS (OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE) XIX , 2, 68-71, 2013 Vesalius : acta internationales historiae medicinae Country: Belgium Subject Area: Medicine Subject Category: Medicine (miscellaneous) Publisher: Societas Internationales Historiae Medicinae. Publication type: Journals. ISSN: Coverage: 1993, 1995-2011 H Index: 3 AVI OHRY (MD) LİTERATÜR SEÇME NEDENLERİM • NAZİ DENEYLERİ VE ELDE EDİLEN BULGULARIN KULLANIMI İLE İLGİLİ ETİK SORU(N)LAR SUNUMU VE NAZİ DÖNEMİ HEKİMLERİ HAKKINDAKİ BİLGİLER • NAZİ DÖNEMİ BAŞLANGICI VE O DÖNEM HEKİMLERİN TUTUMU • SÜMERLER HAKKINDA YAYIN BULAMAMAM AVI OHRY -TEL AVIV ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TEL AVIV VE SACKLER TIP FAKÜLTESİ REUTH TIP MERKEZİ’ NDE PROFESÖR VE BÖLÜM BAŞKANI - REHABİLİTASYON PROFESÖRÜ - İSRAİL SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞI DANIŞMANI - 1985’TEN BERİ SHEBA TIP MERKEZİ’NDE SPİNAL KORD YARLANMALARI REHABİLİTASYON BİRLİĞİ YÖNETİCİSİ 2013: Avi Ohry Premature aging, allostasis and restorgenesis. Spinal cord 2013;51(9):723. 2013: Avi Ohry A few comments on a few articles. Spinal cord 2013;51(9):724. 2013: Avi Ohry Physicians and architects - not an odd couple. Acta medico-historica adriatica : AMHA 2013;11(2):329-38. 2012: Zahava Solomon; Tsachi Ein-Dor; Danny Horesh; Avi Ohry Predictors of PTSD trajectories following captivity: a 35-year longitudinal study. Psychiatry research 2012;199(3):188-94. 2012: Avi Ohry "Shake me up, Judy!": on Dickens, medicine and spinal cord disorders. Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja 2012;14(5):483-91. 2011: Avi Ohry Professor Max Askanazy (1865-1940): from Konigsberg (Prussia) to Geneva. Journal of medical biography 2011;19(2):70-2. 2011: Avi Ohry [Physical diagnosis: diagonal earlobe crease and atheromatous coronary]. Harefuah 2011;150(3):264-5, 303, 302. ÖZET • NAZİZMİN AVUSTURYA’ DA YAYILMASI VE ALMANYA TARAFINDAN İLHAKI • NAZİ DÖNEMİ ÖNCESİ YAHUDİ HEKİMLER • HİTLER’İN ÇOCUKLUĞU VE SAĞLIĞI HAKKINDA BİLGİ VEREN HEKİMLER • HİTLER ORDUDA YÜKSELMEDEN ÖNCEKİ PSİKOLOJİK DURUMU • DEVLET BAŞKANLIĞI DÖNEMİ PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLIĞINA ÖNCESİNİN YANSIMALARI Dr. Eduard BLOCH (1872-1945) Dr. Karl KRONER (1878-1954) Dr. Edmund Robert FOSTER (1878-1933) ADOLF HITLER (1889-1945) • ADOLF: ASİL KURT • BRAUNAU’ DA (YUKARI AVUSTURYA) DOĞDU. • BABASI ALOIS, ANNESİ KLARA HITLER. • 56 YAŞINDA 30 NİSAN 1945’ TE ÖLDÜ • 1921 YILINDA NASYONAL SOSYALİST ALMAN İŞÇİ PARTİSİ LİDERİ OLDU. • 1933 YILINDA NASYONAL SOSYALİST İŞÇİ PARTİSİ İKTİDARA GELDİ. • 1934’ E KADAR ALMANYA ŞANSÖLYESİ(BAŞBAKANI) 1934’TEN ÖLÜMÜNE KADAR DEVLET BAŞKANI ÜNVANI. • II.DÜNYA SAVAŞI (1939-1945) II.DÜNYA SAVAŞI ÖNCESİ AVUSTURYA VE HEKİMLER… • «ANSCHLUS» (MART 1938) SONRASI 5700 YAHUDİ HEKİM AVUSTURYA’DA ÇALIŞMA HAKKINI KAYBETTİ • NAZİ İŞGALİ SONRASI, YAHUDİ ÜNİVERSİTE KADROLARI AZLEDİLDİ : BU POLİTİKA VIENA TIP FAKÜLTESİNDE AÇIKÇA GÖRÜLDÜ • ANSCHLUS SONRASI YAHUDİLER KAÇMAYI DENEDİ, KALANLARIN BÜYÜK ÇOĞUNLUĞU SOYKIRIMDA ÖLDÜRÜLDÜ MAKALE AMACI: • HİTLER’İN YAŞAMININ ERKEN DÖNEMLERİNDE GÖRECE AZ BİLİNEN YAHUDİ HEKİMLERLE OLAN HİKAYELERİ… DR.EDUARD BLOCH: 66 YAŞINDA, ASLEN ÇEKOSLAVAKYALI, LİNZ’ DE OTURUYOR, AİLE HEKİMİ. YAHUDİ. HİTLER’İN EMRİYLE; BLOCH AİLESİ AMERİKA VİZESİ GELDİĞİNDE, AMERİKA’ YA GÖÇ ETMELERİNE İZİN VERİLİYOR SERBEST BIRAKILIYOR • BLOCH, DAHA SONRA CIA HALİNE GELEN «OSS»(STRATEJİK HİZMETLER OFİSİ) TARAFINDAN : HİTLER’ İN KİŞİLİĞİ GÖRÜŞLERİ VE İNANÇLARI HAKKINDA SORGULANIYOR DAHA SONRA HİTLER’İN AİLESİNİN HASTALARI ARASINDA OLDUĞUNA DEĞİNEN BİR KİTAP YAZIYOR. KİTABINDA BLOCH KENDİSİNİ TANITIYOR: • FRAUENBERG-BOHEMIA DOĞUMLU • 69 YAŞINDA, • ÜÇ BAYRAK ALTINDA YAŞAMIŞ (ÇEKOSLAVAKYA, AVUSTURYA, ALMANYA) • PRAG’DA TIP EĞİTİMİ • AVUSTURYA ORDUSUNA ASKERİ HEKİM OLARAK KATILIM • 1899’ DA LİNZ’ DE ÇALIŞMAYA BAŞLAMA • BAHSETTİĞİ DÖNEM HİTLER 13 YAŞINDAYKEN BAŞLIYOR HİTLER NASIL BİR ÇOCUKTU? • «ÇOĞU BİYOGRAF KABA SESLİ, KÜSTAH, KÜLHANBEYİ, İTİCİ TARİFLER: BU BASİTÇE, DOĞRU DEĞİL» • BİR GENÇ OLARAK, SESSİZ, GÖRGÜLÜ, TEMİZ GİYİMLİ • UZUN BOYLU, SOLUK BENİZLİ; YAŞINA GÖRE YAŞLI, NARİN GÖRÜNÜMLÜ • -ANNESİNDEN KALITSAL- GENİŞ, MELANKOLİK VE DÜŞÜNCELİ BAKIŞLI • İÇİNE KAPANIK • GÖRÜNÜŞTE ANNESİNE OLAN AŞKI EN ÇARPICI ÖZELLİĞİ • BAZILARI BU AŞKIN PATOLOJİK SINIRDA OLDUĞUNU İDDİA EDİYOR, «YAKIN İLİŞKİME DAYANARAK BUNA İNANMIYORUM» • KLARA HİTLER OĞLUNU TAPARCASINA SEVERDİ, AİLENİN EN KÜÇÜĞÜ • ANNESİ OĞLUNA KENDİ BELİRLEDİĞİ YOLUNDA GİDEBİLDİĞİ YERE KADAR GİTMESİ İÇİN İMKAN TANIDI • BABASI MEMUR OLMASINI İSTEDİ,O DİRENDİ VE ANNESİNİN DESTEĞİNİ ALDI • OKUMADAN SIKILDI, ÖĞRENİMİ BIRAKTI • BABASININ CENAZESİNDEN SONRA AİLE YARDIMLARIM İÇİN BANA TEŞEKKÜRE GELDİ • ADOLF HITLER: «SONSUZA KADAR MİNNETTAR KALACAĞIM» • BANA İMTİYAZLAR TANINDI, EMİNİM Kİ ALMANYA YA DA AVUSTURYA’ DA BAŞKA HİÇBİR YAHUDİ’ YE TANINMADI.. • DR. BLOCH YAHUDİ VE YAHUDİ OLMAYAN TOPLUMDA POPÜLERDİ, PARA ALMADAN FAKİR İNSANLARA BAKMIŞ. • DR.BLOCH, KLARA HİTLER’ DE MEME KANSERİ GELİŞTİKTEN SONRA, DURUMU KÖTÜLEŞİNCE BİRÇOK KEZ ZİYARET ETTİ • KLARA HİTLER’ LE ÖLENE KADAR (1907) İLGİLENDİ, AĞRILARINI AZALTTI. • KLARA HİTLER’ İN ÖLÜMÜNDEN SONRA BLOCH, HİTLER AİLESİNDEN HİÇBİR ÖDEME TALEP ETMEDİ HİTLER BİRİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞINDA AVUSTURYA ORDUSUNA KATILDI YAPILAN KİMYASAL SALDIRI SONUCU (GAS ATTACK) KENDİSİNDE KÖRLÜK GELİŞTİ İLK MÜDAHALEDEN SONRA, PASEWALK’ TAKİ NÖROPSİKİYATRİ KLİNİĞİNE TAŞINDI • İLK KABUL EDEN GENÇ YAHUDİ DR.KARL KRONER VAKANIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİNDE DOĞRU TANIYI MERAK ETTİ. • OLASILIKLAR: HARDAL GAZINDAN KAYNAKLI SOMATOFORM REAKSİYON OLARAK BİLİNEN HİSTERİK KÖRLÜK YA DA HİTLER HASTA ROLÜ YAPIYOR – BÖYLECE KORKAK OLDUĞU ANLAŞILIYOR- BERLİN CHARITE HASTANESİNDE ÜNLÜ NÖROPSİKİYATRİST PROFESÖR EDMUND ROBERT FOSTER’ E TRANSFERİNİ ÖNERİYOR KRONER: • I.DÜNYA SAVAŞINDA VERDUN VE SADAN CEPHELERİNİN HER İKİSİNDE DE HİZMET VERMİŞ; ONUN DA ZEHİRLİ GAZLARA MARUZ KALDIĞINA DAİR BAZI KANITLAR VAR • DÜNYA SAVAŞI SONRASINDA KLİNİK ÇALIŞMALARINA GERİ DÖNÜYOR • 1938’ DE TUTUKLANIYOR • İZLANDA BAŞKONSOLOSU OLAN ARKADAŞI ONA VE AİLESİNE İZLANDA’ YA GİRİŞLERİ İÇİN VİZE AYARLIYOR EDMUND FORSTER, 1901’ DE TIP EĞİTİMİNİ BİTİRDİ 1913’TE KIDEMLİ (SENIOR) NÖROLOJİST OLARAK CHARITE HASTANESİNE ATANDI. I.DÜNYA SAVAŞINDA ASKERİ HEKİM OLARAK ÇALIŞTI PROF. KARL BANHOEFFER (1868-1948)’ İN ALTINDA HİZMET VERMEK İÇİN CHARITE HASTANESİNE GERİ DÖNDÜ • GREIFSWALD ÜNİVERSİTESİ NÖROPSİKİYATRİ BÖLÜM BAŞKANLIĞINA YÜKSELTİLDİ. İKİ ASİSTANI: • JULIUS ZADOR : ZUCKER’ LE BERABER MESKALİN İNDÜKSİYONLU HALÜSİNASYON DENEYLERİNDE ÇALIŞTI • KONRAD ZUCKER (1893-1978) : NAZİ DESTEKÇİSİ, ENGELLİ ALMAN ÇOCUKLARIN T4 ÖTANAZİ OPERASYONLARINDA AKTİF. BONHOEFFER: HALEN KENDİ ADIYLA ANILAN SENDROMU BULDU NAZİLER GÜCÜ ELE GEÇİRİNCE, SAĞLIKTA VE AKADEMİK KURUMLARDA NAZİLEŞTİRMEYE KARŞI ÇIKMADI ENGELLİLER İÇİN ZORLA KASTRASYONU DESTEKLEDİ • BONHOEFFER’İN HER İKİ OĞLU DA NAZİLERCE İDAM EDİLDİ. • KLAUS (1901-1945) : HUKUK İNSANI VE REJİM KARŞITI DİRENİŞÇİ • DIETRICH (1906-1945) : TEOLOG, MUHALİF, LUTERIAN PAPAZ VE ANTİ- NAZİST. FORSTER VE ONBAŞI ADOLF HITLER: • ADOLF HITLER’ I MUAYENE ETTİ VE KAPSAMLI TEDAVİ ÖNERDİ: PSİKOTERAPİ, UĞRAŞ TERAPİSİ, ELEKTRİK ŞOK TEDAVİSİ, HİPNOZ, İZOLASYON, SOĞUK DUŞ VE MÜZİK TERAPİLERİ. • İNSANLIK İÇİN NE YAZIK Kİ, TEDAVİ BAŞARI SAĞLADI VE GÖRÜŞ GÜCÜ NORMAL OLARAK TABURCU EDİLDİ • DOSYALARIN DA GÖSTERDİĞİ GİBİ PATOLOJİK KİŞİLİĞİ DEĞİŞMEDİ HİTLER VE AKIL HASTALIĞIYLA İLGİLİ KAYITLAR: • HİTLER DEVLET BAŞKANLIĞINA GELİNCE TÜM DOSYALARI İMHA EMRİ VERDİ • FORSTER TÜM DOSYALARI KOPYALADI • CAFE ROYALE TOPLANTISI: - JOSEPH ROTH (1894- 1939) RODETZKY MARCH YAZARI - MAX BROD, FRANZ KAFKA’ NIN YAKIN ARKADAŞI - ERNST WEISS (1878- 1940) : «THE EYE OF WITNESS» (Kör Adolf nevrotik asker) - DR. ALFRED DOBLIN (1878- 1957) TIBBİ DOSYAYI OKUDULAR, FORSTER: GOERING VE MORFİN BAĞIMLILIĞINI ANLATTI. • WEISS: ALMANLAR PARİS’E GİRDİĞİNDE İNTİHAR ETMİŞTİ • FORSTER VE KARISI EVLERİNDE SİLAHLA VURULDU • ROTH İNTİHAR ETTİ RETROSPEKTİF PSİKİYATRİK VE MEDİKAL ANALİZ : • EKİM 1918’ DE PASEWALK’TA KRONER’İN TEDAVİSİ VE HİPNOZUN HİTLER’ DE GELİŞEN KİŞİLİK BOZUKLUĞUNA ETKİSİ OLUP OLMADIĞI? • HİTLER’ İN KİŞİLİĞİNDE İKİ FARKLI KARAKTER ANALİZ EDİLEBİLİR: 1. TİPİK PARKİNSONYAN KİŞİLİK TİPİ: TEDAVİ EDİLEMEZ MENTAL DEĞİŞMEZLİK, KATILIK,UKALALIK 2. ANTİSOSYAL KİŞİLİK BOZUKLUĞU: ETİK VE SOSYAL DEĞER YOKLUĞU, DERİN KÖK SALMIŞ İHANETE EĞİLİM, KENDİNİ KANDIRMA, KONTROL EDİLEMEZ DUYGUSAL REAKSİYON SONUÇ: MİSYONUNA TARTIŞILMAZ İNANÇ VE MUAZZAM SAYGI İSTEĞİ ERIK JAN HANUSSEN : HERMANN STEINSCHNEIDER • HİTLER’ İN ETKİLEYİCİ HİTABET GÜCÜNÜN HİTLER’ İN ÖZEL FALCISI VE YAHUDİ KAHİN ERIK JAN HANUSSEN SAYESİNE OLDUĞUNA İNANILIYORDU. • 1889’ DA DOĞDU VE YAHUDİ ADI: HERMANN STEINSCHNEIDER. HİPNOZİST, MENTALİST, OKÜLİST VE ASTROLOG • MUHTEMELEN SA’ LER TARAFINDAN, 25 MART 1933’ TE SUİKASTE UĞRADI STAHNFORD YAKINLARINDA ALELACELE GÖMÜLDÜ. TEŞEKKÜRLER… DR. ONUR NACİ KARAHANCI HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP TARİHİ VE ETİK ANABİLİM DALI .
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