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Mr. Booth World History 10 Introduction

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World War II Mr. Booth World History 10 Introduction: • Most devastating war in human history • 55 million dead • 1 trillion dollars • Began in 1939 as strictly a European Conflict, ended in 1945. • Widened to include most of the world Great Depression Leads Towards Fascism • In 1929, the U.S. Stock Market crashed and sent shockwaves throughout the world. • Many democracies, including the U.S., Britain, and France, remained strong despite the economic crisis caused by the G.D. • Millions lost faith in government • As a result, a few countries turned towards an extreme government called fascism. 1.Germany Adolf Hitler, 2.Spain Francisco Franco 3. Soviet Union Joseph Stalin 4. Italy Benito Mussolini Fascism • Fascism: A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule. • Emphasizes 1) loyalty to the state, and 2) obedience to its leader. • Fascists promised to revive the economy, punish those responsible for hard times, and restore national pride. The Rise of Benito Mussolini • Fascism’s rise in Italy due to: • Disappointment over failure to win land at the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. • Italy wanted a leader who could take action Mussolini Background • Was a newspaper editor and politician • Said he would rebuild the economy, the armed forces, and give Italy a strong leadership. • Mussolini was able to come to power by – publicly criticizing Italy’s government – Followers (black shirts) attacked communists and socialists on the streets. • In October 1922 • 30,000 followers marched to Rome and demanded that King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge Il Duce Fist Pump 3 Decisions he made for complete control • Mussolini was Il Duce, or the leader. 1. He abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties except the Fascists. 2. Secret police jailed his opponents. 3. Mussolini outlawed strikes, and censored radio stations. •Rise to Power Adolf Hitler Birth • Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau, Austria. • Adolf was 1 of 6 children - 3 of who died at early ages Overall Purpose: The overall purpose of this blurb on Hitler is to explain how this little boy on the left became the man on the right who was ultimately responsible for the death of about 50 million people all over the world!! Parents Alois Schickelgruber Hitler was a customs official who was illegitimate by birth. His father, Adolf’s grandfather, may have been Jewish. He died when Adolf was 14 and left him a small inheritance. Klara Hitler was very young when she married the older Alois. She showered young Adolf with love and affection. Adolf carried a picture of his mom until the day he died. She died of breast cancer when Adolf was 18 years old. Education • Attended a monastery school where he took part in the choir. • When it was time to choose a secondary school, Adolf wanted to become an artist. • His father wanted him to become a civil servant, After his father died, he dropped out of high school and attempted to get into the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts - he failed to get in. This 1914 painting is titled: “The Courtyard of the Old Residency in Munich.” Years in Vienna • After his mother died, Adolf (now 18) decided to move to Austria to pursue his dream of becoming a great artist. • Again he failed to gain entrance into the Academy • He eventually sold all his possessions and became a homeless drifter who slept on park benches and ate at soup kitchens throughout Vienna (age 19) • Adolf did manage to sell some paintings and postcards, but remained impoverished Vienna -Importance • Influenced by the anti- Semitic mayor of Vienna, Karl Lueger • Became interested in the idea of German nationalism. • Also received first taste of politics Military Service Adolf left Austria at the age of 24 to avoid mandatory military service that was required of all men. •But he did sign up for military service at the start of WW I. He joined a Bavarian unit of the German Army. • This is a picture of Hitler listening to an enlistment speech. Military Record • Was awarded the Iron Cross twice. (5 medals overall) • Highest military honor in German Army. • Single handedly captured 4 French soldiers. • Blinded by gas attack towards end of war. German Worker‟s Party • Hitler decided to investigate this conservative party in Munich in 1919. • He went to a meeting and gave a speech on his experiences during the war. • He was then asked to become a member, which he did Leader and Platform • Hitler drafted a platform of 25 points • Revoke Versailles Treaty • Revoke civil rights of Jews • Nazi party’s acronym was NSDAP or National Socialist Besides changing the party Germany Worker’s name, the red flag with the Party SWASTIKA was adopted as the party symbol •Greek Silver Coin (8th Century) •Etruscan Pendant (8th Century) Ohio River Valley B-ball Team (1909) Beer Hall Putsch • October 30, 1923 • Hitler held a rally in Munich beer hall and declared revolution • Led 2000 men in take over of German Government • It failed and Hitler was imprisoned Trial and Jail •At his trial (Hitler was charged with treason), he used the opportunity to speak about the NAZI platform and spread his popularity. •The whole nation suddenly knew who Adolf Hitler was and what he stood for •He was sentenced to five years, but actually only served about 9 months •When he left prison, he was ready to go into action again. Mein Kampf • Hitler’s book “My Struggle” - wrote while in jail • Sold 5 million copies, made him rich • Topics included: Jews were evil, Germans were superior race, Fuhrer principal, dislike of Communism and Democracy and need to conquer Russia Legal Rise to Power • Used popularity from failed revolution and book to seize power legally • Spoke to mass audiences about making Germany a great nation again • Nazi Party: – 1930 = 18% of vote – 1932 = 30% of vote – Hitler is appointed Chancellor (Prime Minister) in 1933 – Why? Pressure from Nazi Party on President Hindenburg Brownshirts • Q. How did he accomplish such popularity? • A. FEAR • “Brownshirts” or SA (Stormtroopers) • SA was used to put down opposition parties • Threatened and beat up Jews and anti-Nazi voters • Numbered almost 400,000 by 1932 January 1933: Hitler became Chancellor of Germany http://clip.dj/2-hitler-s-first-speech-as-reich-chancellor- 10-feb-download-mp3-mp4- rMzq0FggECs#v/AHHr2SNjbnc Legal Rise of Adolf Hitler • Hitler appointed as chancellor, 1933 and wanted total power • New parliament created – 450, 000 members – Larger than German army • Demanded dictatorial power for 4 years, only one deputy spoke out against him. • Used his power to turn Germany into a fascist state or totalitarian state (complete control over every aspect of public and private lives. Hitler Gets Busy • Gestapo Created (Nazi Secret Police) -- April, 1933 • Passes Enabling Act- Says the Chancellor of Germany have full legislative powers for a period of four years – • Also, the Chancellor could introduce any law without consulting Parliament. • Then President Hindenburg died. Hitler used the Enabling Act to merge the office of Chancellor with that of President to create a new office-Fuhrer • Jewish Boycott of Shops and Businesses – April, 1933 • Jewish Books Banned & Burned – May, 1933 • 27,000 People in Camps – July, 1933 • 60,000 People in Camps – 1938 • Illegal to Leave Germany – October, 1941 Schutzstaffel (S.S.) The S.S. • This organization served as Hitler’s police force. • Made up of almost one million men, it served in battle in the front lines, and also was the unit in charge of many of the war crimes against humanity. Hitler expands Germany Remember after World War I… • Treaty of Versailles seriously damaged German economy • When Adolf Hitler comes to power – Promised to restore Germany’s greatness – Lebensraum, or make the “living room” bigger – In March 1935, the Fuhrer (leader) announced that Germany would not obey these restrictions. • Hitler wanted more territory – Neighbors aware of threat – Memories of World War I still fresh – No one willing to fight over words Hitler Defies the Treaty of Versailles • The League of Nations only issued a mild condemnation. • Banners in Germany said “Today Germany! Tomorrow the World!” Hitler soon ordered a program of rearming Germany Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years. Failure of the League of Nations • The League’s failure to stop Germany from rearming convinced Hitler to be more bold. • The treaty had forbidden German troops to enter a 30 mile wide zone on either side of the Rhine River known as the Rhineland. • This served as a buffer zone between Germany and France. • In 1936, Germany troops moved into the Rhineland. Stunned, the French were unwilling to risk war. • The British urged appeasement, giving into an aggressor to keep peace. • Hitler later admitted that he would have backed down if the French and British had challenged him. March 1936: German troops marched into the Rhineland Germany controls the Rhineland • The German reoccupation of the Rhineland marked a turning point in the march toward war. • First, it strengthened Hitler’s power and prestige within Germany. • Second, the balance of power changed in Germany’s favor. France and Belgium were now open to attack from German troops. Civil War Erupts in Spain • In July 1936, army leaders, favoring a Fascist-style government, joined General Francisco Franco in a revolt. • Hitler and Mussolini sent troops, tanks, and airplanes to help Franco’s forces. March 1938: Nazi Germany Annexes Austria •Again, this went against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from uniting with Austria.
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