DOCSLIB.ORG

LEADERSHIP for PEACE and RECONCILIATION in POST-VIOLENT SUB- SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: ETHICAL PRAGMATISM By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LEADERSHIP for PEACE and RECONCILIATION in POST-VIOLENT SUB- SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: ETHICAL PRAGMATISM By LEADERSHIP FOR PEACE AND RECONCILIATION IN POST-VIOLENT SUB- SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: ETHICAL PRAGMATISM by Innocent B. Rugaragu A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Conflict Analysis and Resolution Committee: ___________________________________________ Chair of Committee ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Graduate Program Director ___________________________________________ Dean, School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Date: _____________________________________ Spring Semester 2017 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Leadership for Peace and Reconciliation in Post-Violent Sub-Saharan African Countries: Ethical Pragmatism A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Analysis and Resolution at George Mason University By Innocent B. Rugaragu Master of Justice and Peace Studies University of San Diego, 2012 Master of Arts & Master of Arts Santa Clara University -Jesuit School of Theology Berkeley, 2011 Bachelor of Arts Catholic University of Eastern Africa – Hekima College, 2009 Bachelor of Arts University of Zimbabwe – Arrupe College, 2005 Director: Susan H. Allen, Associate Professor School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Spring Semester 2017 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Copyright 2017 Innocent B. Rugaragu All Rights Reserved ii Dedication This is dedicated to all children, women and men who love, care and deeply commit to work for Peace, Reconciliation and Ethical-Pragmatism Leadership in Africa and in the World iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my fellow Jesuits companions of Rwanda - Burundi and of the USA, especially the Jesuits of the Gonzaga Community in D.C., whose house and generosity I shared under the extraordinary leadership of Fr. Gap Lo Biondo and Br. Lundin Larry. I also pay attribute to my many wonderful friends: Greg, Sandra and Elise Cleva, the Hadingers, the Peerenbooms, the Sullivans, the DeCesare, Ann and Tim Ramish, Lorrie and Jim Neumeister, Julie Guiffre all of North VA, Jane and Mario, Ann O’Brien and Epiphany community of Annapolis, Connie Cabugos and family, Pat and John Spinetta, Cindy Cassady, all of San Diego, Fr. John Baumann, Ron Snyder, John Rutsinditwarane, of PICO International, Aline Dukuze, Anatalia Butare, many other friends, family, relatives, and the many faithful people of St. Mark Catholic Parish in Vienna under the leadership of Fr. Pat Holroyd and all the supporters who have made this happen. Many friends, family, relatives, strangers and community members assisted me in big and small ways during this academic journey. Drs. Susan H. Allen, Sandra Cheldelin and Steve Zaccaro, members of my committee, were of invaluable help and mentorship. Dr. Susan Allen, the principal investigator of this research project invested in me so much time, effort and energy. Prof. Sandra’s mentorship, expertise and availability and Prof. Steve’s, expertise in leadership made me grow in knowledge and wisdom about this subject and topic. Without your guidance this dissertation wound not have been successful. So, Big Thanks. Finally, thanks go out to all my great interviewees, my classmates, the S-CAR and GMU Community who always made me feel that I was part of the S-CAR/ GMU body and family. I made friendships that I will carry with me as I journey on the path of making my degree useful for the transformation of our violent world. They all made this achievement possible. iv Table of Contents Page List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................... viii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... x Chapter One ........................................................................................................................ 1 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................... 2 Chapter Two: Review of the Literature ............................................................................ 17 Chapter Three: Methodology ........................................................................................... 53 Chapter Four: Historical Context ..................................................................................... 74 Chapter Five: BE ............................................................................................................. 101 Chapter Six: Know .......................................................................................................... 135 Chapter Seven: Do .......................................................................................................... 161 Chapter Eight: Conclusions & Recommendations ........................................................ 189 Appendices ...................................................................................................................... 222 Appendix – I - Interview Questions ................................................................................ 222 Appendix – II – Interviewee’s Catalogue ....................................................................... 224 Appendix – III – Node Book .......................................................................................... 226 Appendix – IV - Nodes Hierarchy Chart ........................................................................ 230 Appendix – V – Examples of Some Themes and Sub-Themes From the Nodes ........... 231 References ....................................................................................................................... 237 v List of Tables Table # 1. Demographic Features of Study Participants Table # 2. Background context and it’s themes: Table # 3. References to Thematic Content Table # 4. References to Thematic Content: Be Table # 5 Be Theme and its two pillars with examples Table # 6. Subcategories, Number of respondents and Number of times mentioned Table # 7. Do theme, its core subthemes and examples vi List of Figures Figure - I - Six Core Themes and Practices for Effective Leadership Figure - II - Triangle of Leadership Levels Figure – III- Leadership for Peace and Reconciliation: Be, Know, Do and Historical Context Figure – IV- Intersection of Leadership, Peace and Conflict Resolution Practice Figure - V- Four Themes of Ethical - Pragmatism Leadership for Peace Figure –VI- Four Pillars of the History of the Person Figure –VII- Current Context Figure - VIII – Two Vital Pillars of Be Figure – IX – Essential Parts of Principled Value and Ethical Character Figure - X - Essential Parts of Know Figure – XI - Essential Parts of Do Figure –XII- Summary Chart of Ethical Pragmatist Leader and Be, Know, and Do Figure -XIII – Shows the vital Parts of Ethical Pragmatic Leadership vii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms UN-United Nations ECOWAS- Economic Community of West African States ICC- International Criminal Court AFDB- African Development Bank Group AFLI- African Leadership Institute UNHCR- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees LWI- Leadership Wisdom Initiative CEOs- Chief Executive Officers VUCA- used to describe or reflect on the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of general conditions and situations. INGOs- International Non-governmental Organizations NGOs- Non-governmental Organizations SADC- South African Development Community COMESA- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa EAC- East African Community NEPAD- The New Partnership for Africa’s Development BRICS- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa EACP- East Africa Capital Partners viii CCM- Chama Cha Mapinduzi IRDP- Institute of Research for Dialogue and Peace RPF- Rwandan Patriotic Front UNDP- United Nations Development Program UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund IRB- Institutional Review Board GT – Grounded Theory SADCC- South African Development Coordination Conference OAU- Organization of African Unity AU - African Union APRM- African Peer Review Mechanism AACC- All African Conferences of Churches NPP- The New Patriotic Party SCG – Search for Common Ground NDC - National Democratic Congress EU- European Union USIP – United States Institute of Peace ix Abstract LEADERSHIP FOR PEACE AND RECONCILIATION IN POST-VIOLENT SUB- SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: ETHICAL PRAGMATISM Innocent B. Rugaragu, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2017 Dissertation Director: Dr. Susan H. Allen Leadership for peace and reconciliation is vital to making positive changes at all levels of the society in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how to develop leadership for peace in sub-Saharan Africa, with the aim of contributing to the solution of the leadership crisis that leads to violent conflicts, wars and even genocides. The literatures describing leadership styles were explored to identify some examples. Key informant interviews were conducted with 20 leaders in the public, private and civil society sectors. The sample represented a broad spectrum of leaders from across sub-Saharan
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Contenidos 24 Al 30 De Octubre De 2020 Boletín #374
    CONTENIDOS 24 AL 30 DE OCTUBRE DE 2020 BOLETÍN #374 TEMA DE LA SEMANA: Conservadores reprochan al Papa respaldo a uniones civiles de homosexuales .. 3 1. Müller carga de nuevo contra Francisco: "¿Uniones civiles? Soy fiel al Papa pero no por encima de la Palabra de Dios" 3 2. Francisco sacude la homofobia eclesial: Bernardo Barranco V. .......................................................................................... 4 3. Apoyo del papa Francisco aminora discriminación a homosexuales: activista; son esperanzas vanas: experto ................ 5 4. Declaración de Francisco no avala el matrimonio homosexual: arzobispo .......................................................................... 5 5. España: Mons. Argüello aclara aspectos sobre el documental ‗Francesco‘ ........................................................................ 6 6. El nuevo cardenal de Ruanda ‗reprende‘ al Papa Francisco por sus palabras sobre las uniones civiles homosexuales ... 7 7. Terremoto en la Iglesia católica: Jorge Costadoat ................................................................................................................ 7 8. El matrimonio homosexual estuvo admitido en la Iglesia, con la misma validez que el heterosexual, desde el siglo VI al XIII ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ÁMBITO POLÍTICO ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Membres Participants Du Synode Sur La Famille
    Membres participants du Synode sur la famille Voici la liste complète et définitive des participants à la XIV Assemblée générale ordinaire du Synode des Évêques (4-25 octobre): A. Les Pères synodaux selon la nature de leur mandat I. PRÉSIDENT Le Saint-Père II. SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL Le Cardinal Lorenzo Baldisseri III. PRÉSIDENTS DÉLÉGUÉS Le Cardinal André Vingt-Trois, Archevêque de Paris (France) Le Cardinal Luis Antonio G. Tagle, Archevêque de Manille (Philippines) Le Cardinal Raymundo Damasceno Assis, Archevêque d'Aparecida (Brésil) Le Cardinal Wilfrid Fox Napier, OFM, Archevêque de Durban (Afrique du Sud) IV. RAPPORTEUR GÉNÉRAL Le Cardinal Péter Erdö, Archevêque d'Esztergom-Budapest et Président de la Conférence épiscopale (Hongrie), Président du Conseil des Conférences épiscopales d'Europe V. SECRÉTAIRE SPÉCIAL Mgr.Bruno Forte, Archevêque de Chieti-Vasto (Italie) VI. COMMISSION POUR L'INFORMATION Président: Mgr.Claudio Maria Celli, Président du Conseil pontifical pour les communications sociales Secrétaire: Le P.Federico Lombardi, Directeur de la Salle de Presse du Saint-Siège VII. Des églises catholiques orientales Synode de l'Eglise copte ex officio: SB Isaac Ibrahim Sedrak, Patriarche d'Alexandrie Synode de l'Eglise melkite ex officio: SB Grégoire III Laham, BS, Patriarche d'Antioche élu: Mgr.Georges Bacouni, Archevêque de Akka Synode de l'Eglise syriaque ex officio: SB Ignace Youssif III L'Abbéma Younan, Patriarche d'Antioche Synode de l'Eglise maronite ex officio: SB le Cardinal Béchara Boutros carte Raï, OMM, Patriarche d'Antioche
    [Show full text]
  • L'o S S E Rvator E Romano
    1,00 € Numéros précédents 2,00 € L’O S S E RVATOR E ROMANO EDITION HEBDOMADAIRE EN LANGUE FRANÇAISE Unicuique suum Non praevalebunt LXXIe année, numéro 48 (3.660) Cité du Vatican mardi 1er décembre 2020 Le Pape François a créé treize nouveaux cardinaux Rome, le 28 novembre Le Souverain Pontife a tenu dans l’après-midi du sa- medi 28 novembre, dans la basilique vaticane, un consistoire ordinaire public pour la création de treize nouveaux cardinaux, l’imposition de la barrette, la re- mise de l’anneau et l’assignation du titre ou de la dia- conie. Le Saint-Père est arrivé dans la basilique à 16h00, allant en procession jusqu’à l’autel de la Chaire. Après que le Pape a pris place, le secrétaire général du synode des évêques, le premier parmi les nou- veaux cardinaux, lui a adressé un salut. Ensuite, après avoir prononcé la prière initiale et après la proclama- tion de l’Evangile (Mc 10, 32-45), le Pape a tenu une allocution. Il a successivement lu la formule de créa- tion des nouveaux cardinaux en proclamant leurs noms: — Mario Grech, évêque émérite de Gozo, secrétaire général du synode des évêques; — Marcello Semeraro, préfet de la Congrégation pour les causes des saints, administrateur apostolique d’Albano; — Antoine Kambanda, archevêque de Kigali (Rwanda); — Wilton Daniel Gregory, archevêque de Washing- ton (Etats-Unis d’Amérique); — Jose F. Advincula, archevêque de Capiz (Philip- pines); — Celestino Aós Braco, archevêque de Santiago du Chili (Chili); — Cornelius Sim, évêque titulaire de Puzia de Nu- midie, vicaire apostolique de Brunei; — Augusto Paolo Lojudice, archevêque de Sienne - Colle di Val d’Elsa - Montalcino (Italie); — Mauro Gambetti, archevêque titulaire de Tisi- duo; Consistoire du 28 novembre — Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel, archevêque émérite de San Cristóbal de Las Casas (Mexique); pages 3 à 7 — Silvano Maria Tomasi, archevêque titulaire d’Asolo, nonce apostolique, délégué spécial auprès de l’Ordre souverain militaire de Malte; — Raniero Cantalamessa, prédicateur de la maison p ontificale; — Enrico Feroci, archevêque titulaire de Passo Co- re s e .
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 November.P65
    IN VINCULO CHRISTI OCTOBER 2020 IN VINCULO CHRISTI OCTOBER 2020 OFFICIAL REFLECTIONS ON DEATH Dear Brothers and Sisters, says that it’s a healthy thing to pray for the dead and the church tells us that, In this month of November, Holy Mother every so often, it’s healthy too to think Church invites its faithful to contemplate about death, both by remembering those on death and to create a more positive who have died and by contemplating the attitude towards it since it is an “embrace reality and certainty of our own deaths. of the Father”. What follows are some Death and taxes, Mark Twain assured reflections on death by eminent think- us, are a certainty for everyone. ers like Ron Rolheiser, C.S. Lewis and Karl Rahner. But how to think about death? Where is that thin line between contemplating the None of us likes to think about death, mystery of death and falling into mor- and that isn’t necessarily bad. Our ev- bidity, anxiety, and false guilt about be- ery heartbeat blocks out death, pushes ing alive and healthy? it away, and keeps us focused on living. That’s nature and God working. And this Honest prayer can help us walk that denial of death stems too from the fact tightrope and honest prayer is what we that, in the end, we don’t die, don’t be- do when we can bring ourselves naked come extinct, but move on to deeper life. before God, unprotected by what we do, At some level, we already know that, by what we own, by what we have sense it, feel it, and live life in the face achieved, and by anything else we have of it.
    [Show full text]
  • Pa S T O Re S C E Rc a N O S Al Pueblo Página 2 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Viernes 4 De Diciembre De 2020, Número 49
    Número suelto € 1,00. Número atrasado € 2,00 L’O S S E RVATOR E ROMANO EDICIÓN SEMANAL EN LENGUA ESPAÑOLA Unicuique suum Non praevalebunt Año LII, número 49 (2.695) Ciudad del Vaticano 4 de diciembre de 2020 Pa s t o re s c e rc a n o s al pueblo página 2 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO viernes 4 de diciembre de 2020, número 49 Una muestra de cercanía a las poblaciones de América Central golpeadas por fuertes huracanes fue asegurada por el Papa Francisco al finalizar el Ángelus del 29 de noviembre. Asomándose a medio día a la ventana de su Estudio privado, el Pontífice guió la oración mariana, introduciéndola con una reflexión sobre el pasaje del Evangelio propuesto por la liturgia en el primer domingo de Adviento. En el Ángeslus la oración de Francisco Por las poblaciones de América Central golpeadas por los huracanes Queridos hermanos y hermanas, ¡buenos días! sús, nos dice la Biblia, está a la puerta y llama. muy bonito, que el profeta dice al pueblo: “Pe n - Cada día. Está a la puerta de nuestro corazón. sad, ¿qué pueblo tiene a sus dioses cerca de sí co- oy, primer domingo de Adviento, em- Llama. ¿Tú sabes escuchar al Señor que llama, mo tú me tienes a mí cerca?”. Ninguno, solamen- pieza un nuevo año litúrgico. En él la que ha venido hoy para visitarte, que llama a tu Iglesia marca el curso del tiempo con te nosotros tenemos esta gracia de tener a Dios corazón con una inquietud, con una idea, con la celebración de los principales acon- cerca de nosotros.
    [Show full text]
  • Pope Creates 13 New Cardinals, Including Washington Archbishop
    Pope creates 13 new cardinals, including Washington archbishop VATICAN CITY (CNS) — One by one 11 senior churchmen, including two U.S. citizens — Cardinals Wilton D. Gregory of Washington and Silvano M. Tomasi, a former Vatican diplomat — knelt before Pope Francis to receive their red hats, a cardinal’s ring and a scroll formally declaring their new status and assigning them a “titular” church in Rome. But with the consistory Nov. 28 occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic, Pope Francis actually created 13 new cardinals. Cardinals Jose F. Advincula of Capiz, Philippines, and Cornelius Sim, apostolic vicar of Brunei, did not attend the consistory because of COVID-19 travel restrictions; however, they are officially cardinals and will receive their birettas and rings at a later date, the Vatican said. In his homily at the prayer service, Pope Francis told the new cardinals that “the scarlet of a cardinal’s robes, which is the color of blood, can, for a worldly spirit, become the color of a secular ’eminence,'” the traditional title of respect for a cardinal. If that happens, he said, “you will no longer be a pastor close to your people. You will think of yourself only as ‘His Eminence.’ If you feel that, you are off the path.” For the cardinals, the pope said, the red must symbolize a wholehearted following of Jesus, who willingly gave his life on the cross to save humanity. The Gospel reading at the service, Mark 10:32-45, included the account of James and John asking Jesus for special honors. “Grant that in your glory we may sit one at your right and the other at your left,” they said.
    [Show full text]
  • Derecho Canónico P
    BOLETÍN INFORMATIVO DE DERECHO CANÓNICO P. 2603 P. OT 2047750 OT ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE CANONISTAS Número 42 2020 MADRID BOLETÍN INFORMATIVO DE DERECHO CANÓNICO ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE CANONISTAS Número 42 – 2020 – Madrid ISSN: 1887-519X Depósito Legal: NA 3.383-2000 Impresión: Imprenta Kadmos Salamanca CONTENIDO PRESENTACIÓN Lourdes Ruano Espina ...................................................... 7 JUNTA DIRECTIVA (2020) ..................................................... 9 I. RESEÑA DE NOVEDADES CANÓNICAS DEL AÑO 2020 José Landete Casas ........................................................... 11 II. RESEÑA DE DERECHO ESPAÑOL SOBRE EL FAC- TOR RELIGIOSO AÑO 2020 Rosa Mª Ramírez Navalón ................................................ 35 III. NOVEDADES DE JURISPRUDENCIA CANÓNICA Bernardo Torres Escudero ................................................ 55 1. Discurso del Santo Padre Francisco con ocasión de la Inauguración del Año Judicial del Tribunal de la Rota Romana (Sala Clementina, Viernes, 29 de enero de 2021) 55 2. Tribunal de la Rota Romana ........................................ 62 IV. LEGISLACIÓN DE LAS DIÓCESIS ESPAÑOLAS EN EL AÑO 2020 Bernardo Torres Escudero ............................................... 97 V. SELECCIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA Y SUMARIOS DE REVISTAS 2020 María José Redondo ......................................................... 119 1. Selección de bibliográfica ........................................... 119 a. Derecho Canónico ................................................ 119 b. Derecho Matrimonial ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Seminarian Education Fund Messenger Staff Report Josephinum in Columbus, Ohio
    October 30, 2020 In This Issue ESSENGER M Serving the Diocese of Covington, Kentucky since 1926 2 NKY urged to take action to reverse COVID trend October 26, 2020 Sisters to host virtual open houses My dear Friends, Thanksgiving card Praised be Jesus Christ! contest winner We will celebrate National Vocation Coronavirus report Awareness Week the first week of 3 Honoring our dearly November 2020. Since 1976 we have set departed ones aside one week of the year to focus on vocations to the priesthood, diaconate and consecrated religious life. During All Saints and All Souls Day this time, we are asked to pray for an increase in vocations to the priesthood, diaconate and consecrated religious life 7 ‘Be Witnesses’ as well as to pray for those who are already discerning such 8 Meet Bill Blank a vocation. It is also a time to encourage someone we know Enough music and stories to who we believe might be called to such a vocation. fill 90 years The Lord has certainly blessed our Diocese with vocations to the priesthood and the diaconate. In the last 18 years I have ordained 41 priests and 32 permanent deacons for ministry in the Diocese of Covington. The Lord is still calling, to be sure. He promised that He would always provide us with shepherds (cf. Jer 3:15) but He also directs us to pray for such vocations (cf. Matt 9:38). I believe the response has been the result of your prayers and of the example and Daylight Savings Time witness given to those who are called by priests, deacons ends Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • October 30, 2020 Vol
    Love and sacrifice See our annual Religious Vocation Supplement, pages 1B-12B. Serving the Church in Central and Southern Indiana Since 1960 CriterionOnline.com October 30, 2020 Vol. LXI, No. 5 75¢ Senate confirms ‘God, send Amy Coney me a good Barrett to the Supreme Court Catholic girl’ WASHINGTON (CNS)—A divided Senate, in a 52-48 vote, confirmed Amy Coney Barrett as a justice for the Supreme Court on the evening of Oct. 26, and soon afterward she was sworn in by Justice Clarence Thomas at a White House ceremony. “The oath that I’ve solemnly taken tonight means at its core that I will do my Justice Amy Coney job without any fear or Barrett favor, and that I will Renae and Jon do so independently of Schoening are the both the political branches and of my own first recipients of the preferences. I love the Constitution and the archdiocese’s Water democratic republic that it establishes, and I into Wine Award. will devote myself to preserving it,” Barrett Named in honor of said after the outdoor ceremony. Jesus’ first public The 48-year old, who has been on the miracle at the wedding Chicago-based U.S. Court of Appeals for feast of Cana, the the 7th Circuit since 2017, said it was award recognizes a privilege to be asked to serve on the extraordinary efforts Supreme Court. She said she was “truly for marriage and family honored and humbled” to be stepping into ministry. (Submitted photo) this role, which is a lifetime appointment. Barrett is now the 115th justice for the court, replacing Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who died on Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • L'osservatore Romano
    Spedizione in abbonamento postale Roma, conto corrente postale n. 649004 Copia €1,00 Copia arretrata €2,00 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO GIORNALE QUOTIDIANO POLITICO RELIGIOSO Unicuique suum Non praevalebunt Anno CLIII n. 105 (46.349) Città del Vaticano mercoledì 8 maggio 2013 . Resta alta la tensione dopo i raid israeliani in territorio siriano Cattolici e non cattolici per la famiglia naturale A favore Damasco si riserva di reagire di un’ecologia umana gioco la dignità della vita umana: Kerry in visita a Mosca per cercare una soluzione politica alla crisi di PAT R I C E DE PLUNKETT non solo le questioni civili e bioeti- DA M A S C O, 7. Alta tensione in Vicino transito dall’Iran e destinati alle mi- biato vedute sulla «situazione esplo- battimenti in Siria. La Commissione l 26 maggio centinaia di mi- che, ma anche quelle sociali ed Oriente. Un nuovo colpo di mortaio lizie del movimento sciita Hezbol- siva» creatasi dopo le azioni israe- d’inchiesta dell’Onu sulle violazioni gliaia di oppositori alla legge economiche, come ha sottolineato è stato esploso questa mattina dalla lah. Il Governo israeliano ha intanto liane. dei diritti umani ha chiarito di non I sul matrimonio tra omosessuali il presidente dei vescovi francesi, Siria in direzione del Golan israelia- revocato la chiusura dello spazio ae- Intanto, nella capitale russa è avere «prove conclusive in grado di si riverseranno di nuovo nelle stra- appena eletto, monsignor Georges no, raggiungendo un’area vicino alla reo nel nord del Paese, imposta ieri giunto oggi il segretario di Stato determinare l’uso di armi chimiche, de di Parigi.
    [Show full text]
  • The Holy See
    The Holy See POPE FRANCISANGELUSSaint Peter's Square Sunday, 25 October 2020[Multimedia] Dear Brothers and Sisters, Good morning! In today’s Gospel passage (cf. Mt 22:34-40), a doctor of the Law asks Jesus “which is the great commandment” (v. 36), that is, the principal commandment of all divine Law. Jesus simply answers: “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind” (v. 37). And he immediately adds: “And a second is like it, You shall love your neighbour as yourself” (v. 39). Jesus’ response once again takes up and joins two fundamental precepts, which God gave his people through Moses (cf. Dt 6:5; Lv 19:18). And thus he overcomes the snare that is laid for him in order “to test him” (Mt 22:35). His questioner, in fact, tries to draw him into the dispute among the experts of the Law regarding the hierarchy of the prescriptions. But Jesus establishes two essential principles for believers of all times; two essential principles of our life. The first is that moral and religious life cannot be reduced to an anxious and forced obedience. There are people who seek to fulfil the commandments in an anxious or forced manner, and Jesus helps us understand that moral and religious life cannot be reduced to anxious or forced obedience, but must have love as its precept. The second principle is that love must tend together and inseparably toward God and toward neighbour. This is one of the primary innovations of Jesus’ teachings, and it helps us understand that what is not expressed in love of neighbour is not true love of God; and, likewise, what is not drawn from one’s relationship with God is not true love of neighbour.
    [Show full text]
  • L'o S S E Rvator E Romano
    Price € 1,00. Back issues € 2,00 L’O S S E RVATOR E ROMANO WEEKLY EDITION IN ENGLISH Unicuique suum Non praevalebunt Fifty-third year, number 49 (2.675) Vatican City Friday, 4 December 2020 Pope Francis created 13 new cardinals in the 7th Consistory of his Pontificate On the road with Jesus Visit to Benedict XVI and concelebration of Mass on the First Sunday of Advent Let us “pass from being off the road to journeying on God’s road”: Pope Francis advised this atti- tude of conversion to the 13 new Cardinals created in the Ordinary Public Consistory held in the Vatican Basilica on Sat- urday afternoon, 28 November. The rite — which bore the signs of the health emergency that prevented two of the newly appointed cardinals from being present and required measures such as physical distancing to pre- vent the spread of infec- tion — was ce lebrated at the Altar of the Chair, rather than the Altar of Confession, and after- wards Francis accompan- ied the 11 new Cardinals to the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery in the Vatican to visit Benedict XVI who blessed the new Cardinals after the recitation of the “Salve Regina”. The following day they concelebrated Mass with Pope Francis for the First Sunday of Advent. SEE PA G E S 5-10 Pope Francis’ Message for the International Day of Persons with Disabilities General Audience The world needs Frailty is part of everyone’s life blessings The Holy Father’s Message for the The theme of this year’s celebra- PAGE 3 International Day of Persons with tion is “Building Back Better: To- Disabilities was released on Thursday, ward a Disability-inclusive, Accessible 3 December.
    [Show full text]