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Home , Antoine Kambanda, Augusto Paolo Lojudice, Cardinal Vicar, Cornelius Sim, Diocese of Rome, Edoardo Menichelli

Price € 1,00. Back issues € 2,00 L’O S S E RVATOR E ROMANO WEEKLY EDITION IN ENGLISH Unicuique suum Non praevalebunt

Fifty-third year, number 49 (2.675) Friday, 4 December 2020

Pope Francis created 13 new cardinals in the 7th Consistory of his Pontificate On the road with Jesus

Visit to Benedict XVI and concelebration of Mass on the First Sunday of Advent

Let us “pass from being off the road to journeying on God’s road”: Francis advised this atti- tude of conversion to the 13 new Cardinals created in the Ordinary Public Consistory held in the Vatican on Sat- urday afternoon, 28 November. The rite — which bore the signs of the health emergency that prevented two of the newly appointed cardinals from being present and required measures such as physical distancing to pre- vent the spread of infec- tion — was ce lebrated at the Altar of the Chair, rather than the Altar of Confession, and after- wards Francis accompan- ied the 11 new Cardinals to the Mater Ecclesiae in the Vatican to visit Benedict XVI who blessed the new Cardinals after the recitation of the “Salve Regina”. The following day they concelebrated Mass with for the First Sunday of Advent.

SEE PA G E S 5-10

Pope Francis’ Message for the International Day of Persons with Disabilities General Audience The world needs Frailty is part of everyone’s life blessings The Holy Father’s Message for the The theme of this year’s celebra- PAGE 3 International Day of Persons with tion is “Building Back Better: To- Disabilities was released on Thursday, ward a Disability-inclusive, Accessible 3 December. This year’s theme is: and Sustainable post-COVID-19 “Building Back Better: Toward a Wo rl d . ” I find the expression “build- Disability-inclusive, Accessible and ing back better” quite striking. It To Ecumenical Sustainable post-Covid-19 World”. makes me think of the Gospel par- The following is the English text of able of the house built on rock or The primary duty of the Pope’s Message. sand (cf. Mt 7:24-27; Lk 6:46-49). dialogue So I take this special occasion to share some reflections based on Dear brothers and sisters, that parable. PAGE 4 This year’s celebration of the Inter- national Day of Persons with Disabil- u n . o rg 1. The threat of the throwaway culture ities is an occasion to express my closeness to those experiencing In the first place, the “rain”, the Sunday Angelus situations of particular difficulty “rivers” and the “winds” that worthy of a carefree existence. Ulti- during the crisis caused by the pan- threaten the house can be identified mately, persons are no longer seen For the populations of demic. All of us are in the same with the throwaway culture wide- as a paramount value to be cared Central America boat in the midst of a turbulent sea spread in our time (cf. Evangelii for and respected, especially when that can frighten us. Yet in this Gaudium, 53). For that culture, they are poor and disabled” (Fra - same boat, some of us are strug- “some parts of our human family, it telli Tutti PAGE 12 , 18). gling more; among them are per- appears, can be readily sacrificed sons with serious disabilities. for the sake of others considered CONTINUED ON PA G E 11 page 2 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 4 December 2020, number 49

— -elect Muñoz Ochoa, 52, he was born in Guadalajara, Mex- ico. He was ordained a priest on 22 May 1997. He holds a licence in dogmatic theology; and in philo- VAT I C A N s o p h y.

2008, subsequent to his appointment The Holy Father accepted the resig- BULLETIN as Bishop of Eshowe. nation presented by An- thony Mancini from the pastoral The Holy Father appointed Fr Jacek care of the Archdiocese of Halifax- AUDIENCES Cardinal Peter Kodwo Appiah Turk- Grzybowski as of Yarmouth, Canada. He is succeeded son, of the for Pro- the of Warszawa-Praga, Po- by Archbishop Brian Joseph Dunn Monday, 23 November moting Integral Human Develop- land, assigning his the titular epis- as of the said Archdiocese ment Mr Carmelo Barbagallo, President copal See of Nova. Until now he (27 Nov.). of the Financial Information Au- H.E. Mr Majid Al-Suwaidi, Ambas- has served as director of the dioces- Archbishop Dunn, 65, was born thority (AIF) sador of the Emirates to Spain an office for university pastoral min- in John’s, Newfoundland, i s t r y, Delegation of Fairtrade International Canada. He was ordained a priest on 28 August 1980. He was ordained CHANGES IN EP I S C O PAT E Bishop-elect Grzybowski, 47, was Delegation of the “National Basket- born in Wołomin, Poland. He was a bishop on 9 October 2008, sub- ball Players Association” The Holy Father appointed Fr ordained a priest on 30 May 1998. sequent to his appointment as titular Cardinal-elect , Wayne Lawrence Lobsinger as Aux- He studied philosophy and theo- Bishop of Munatiana and Auxiliary Prefect of the Congregation for the iliary Bishop of the Diocese of logy; he holds a doctorate in philo- of Sault Sainte Marie, Canada. On 21 November 2009 he was appointed Causes of Hamilton, Canada, assigning him s o p h y. Bishop of Antigonish. He was ap- the titular of Gemellae pointed coadjutor Archbishop of Thursday, 26 November in Numidia. Until now he has The Holy Father appointed as Aux- Halifax-Yarmouth, Canada, on 13 served as episcopal vicar for consec- iliary of the Metropolitan Cardinal , Arch- April 2019. bishop emeritus of -Osimo, rated life and priest of Saint Archdiocese of Guadalajara, Mexico: Thomas the Apostle, Waterdown, in Fr Manuel González Villaseñor, as- the same diocese (21 Nov.). signing him the titular episcopal See NECROLO GY Msgr Bruno Marie Duffé, Secretary of Ploaghe. Until now he has served of the Dicastery for Promoting In- Bishop-elect Lobsinger, 54, was born in the Waterloo Region, as parish priest of San Francisco Bishop Jožef Smej, Auxiliary Bishop tegral Human Development emeritus of Maribor, Slovenia, titu- Canada. He was ordained a priest Javier de Las Colinas; Fr Eduardo lar Bishop of Tzernicus, at age 98 Fr Tomaž Mavrič, CM, on 7 May 1994. He holds a Master Muñoz Ochoa, assigning him the (21 Nov.) General of the Congregation of the of Divinity. titular episcopal See of Satafis. Until Mission (Lazarists) now he has served as formator at the Bishop Damián Iguacén Borau, Major Seminary (27 Nov.). Friday, 27 November The Holy Father accepted the resig- Bishop emeritus of Tenerife, Spain, nation presented by Bishop Peter — Bishop-elect Villaseñor, 56, was at age 104 (24 Nov.) Cardinal Luis Antonio G. Tagle, Kang U-il from the pastoral care of born in Guadalajara, Mexico. He Prefect of the Congregation for the Bishop Benjamín Jiménez Hernán- the Diocese of Cheju, Korea. He is was ordained a priest on 19 May Evangelization of Peoples dez, Bishop emeritus of Culiacán, succeeded by Bishop Pius Moon 1991. Mexico, at age 82 (26 Nov.) Cardinal , Arch- Chang-woo, coadjutor of the said bishop emeritus of Genoa, Italy Diocese (22 Nov.). Bishop Moon Chang-woo, 57, was born in Cheju, Korea. He was or- dained a priest on 10 February 1996. Christmas tree arrives in ’s Square Communiqué He was ordained a bishop on 15 Au- gust 2017, subsequent to his appoint- From the forrests of Slovenia ment as of Cheju. Bishop ordained in The Holy Father accepted the resig- From the area of Novi Lazi and 10 January, Feast of the of PRC nation presented by Bishop Kevin Kočevska Reka, in southeastern the Lord, which concludes the Patrick Dowling, CSSR, from the pas- Slovenia, a red spruce (Picea abies) Christmas season. toral care of the Diocese of Rusten- has arrived in Saint Peter’s Square On 24 November, in response to burg, South Africa (25 Nov.). to be decorated for Christmas. questions from journalists, Mr The Holy Father appointed Fr Staff members of the Vatican’s gar- , Director of the Robert Mogapi Mphiwe as Bishop dens and environmental services Press Office, confirmed of Rustenburg. Until now he has raised the tree on Monday morn- the following: served as (25 Nov.). ing, 30 November, after its arrival “With regard to the news of the night before. The 75-year-old Bishop-elect Mogapi Mphiwe, 48, the recent episcopal in spruce stands at an imposing 30 was born in Pretoria, South Africa. Qingdao (Province of Shandong, metres (98.5 feet) high, 67 centi- He was ordained a priest on 1 PRC), I can confirm that the Rev. metres in diameter and weighs November 1997. He studied philo- Thomas Chen Tianhao is the some seven tons. The lighting cere- sophy and theology and holds a li- third Bishop appointed and or- mony will take place at 4:30 pm on cence in liturgy. dained within the normative Friday, 11 December, respecting framework of the Provisional Ac- health regulations for the contain- The Holy Father appointed Bishop cord between the Holy See and ment of the pandemic. Cardinal Xolelo Thaddaeus Kumalo as Bish- the People’s Republic of China and Bishop op of Witbank, South Africa. Until regarding the appointment of Fernando Vérgez Alzaga, respect- now he has served as Bishop of Bishops. I can also add that cer- ively the President and Secretary Eshowe, South Africa (25 Nov). tainly, in the future other epis- General of the Vatican City State copal are foreseen, Bishop Kumalo, 66, was born in Governorate, will preside over the because various processes are un- Gogela, South Africa. He was or- ceremony. The tree and Nativity derway for the new episcopal ap- dained a priest on 10 October 1991. scene will remain on display in p ointments”. He was ordained a bishop on 7 June Saint Peter’s Square until Sunday,

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GENERAL AU D I E N C E

As he continued his series of catecheses on prayer at the General Audience on Wednesday morning, 2 December, Pope Francis reflected on the importance of blessings, pointing out that “c u rs e s cannot come out of a blessed heart”. The following is a translation of the Holy Father’s words which he offered in Italian from the private library of the Vatican’s .

The world needs blessings An essential dimension of prayer Dear Brothers and Sisters, — He allows the mercy that saves Good morning! to pass through. Thus, first Zac- to bless and the fact of being A sinner can remain in error for a chaeus’ heart was changed, and Today we will reflect on an essen- blessed. God did not make a mis- long time, but God is patient till then his life. Jesus sees the in- tial dimension of prayer: b l e s s i n g. take with creation nor with the the end, hoping that [the sin- delible blessing of the Father in We are continuing the reflections creation of man. The hope of the ner’s] heart will eventually open the people who are rejected and on prayer. In the creation ac- w o rl d lies entirely in God’s bless- and change. God is like a good repudiated. Zacchaeus was a pub- counts (cf. Gen 1-2), God con- ing: he continues to love us, to father and like a good mother — lic sinner; he had done so many tinually blesses life, always. He wish us well he is also a good mother: they awful things, but Jesus saw that blesses the animals (1:22); he ; he is the first, as the never stop loving their child, no indelible sign of the Father’s blesses the man and the woman poet Péguy said, to continue to hope for our good (The Portico matter what he or she may do blessing and because of that, he (1:28); finally, he blesses the Sab- wrong, always. What comes to bath, the day of rest and the en- of the Mystery of the Second Vir- had compassion. That phrase that tue, first ed. 1911). my mind is the many times that I is repeated often in the Gospel, joyment of all of creation (2:3). It have seen people queue to enter a Go d’s great blessing is Jesus “He was moved with compas- is God who blesses. In the first prison. pages of the Bible, there is a con- Christ; his Son is God’s greatest sion”, and that compassion leads tinual repetition of blessings. gift. He is a blessing for all of Many mothers queue up to see Him to help him and to change God blesses, but men give bless- humanity. He is the blessing that their imprisoned child: they do his heart. What’s more, Jesus ings as well, and soon they dis- saved us all. He is the eternal not stop loving their child and came to identify himself with cover that the blessing possesses a Word with which the Father they know that the people every person in need (cf. Mt passing by on the bus are think- 25:31-46). In the passage about ing: “Ah, that is a prisoner’s the final protocol on which all of mother”. Yet they are not embar- us will be judged, Matthew 25, rassed about this; or better yet, Jesus says: “I was hungry, I was they are embarrassed but they go naked, I was in prison, I was in Appeal for Nigeria ahead, because their child is more hospital, I was there...”. important than their embarrass- To God who blesses, we too re- I wish to assure my prayers for Nigeria, where blood has un- ment. Thus we are more imp or- spond by blessing —God has fortunately been spilled once more in a terrorist attack. Last tant to God than all of the sins taught us how to bless and we Saturday, in the northeast of the country, more than 100 farm- that we can commit, because he is must bless — through the prayer ers were brutally killed. May God welcome them into his a father, he is a mother, he is of praise, of adoration, of thanks- peace and comfort their families; and may he convert the pure love, he has blessed us g i v i n g. The Catechism writes: hearts of those who commit similar atrocities which gravely forever. And he will never stop “The prayer of blessing is man’s offend his name. blessing us. response to God’s gifts: because It is an impressive experience God blesses, the human heart can to read these biblical texts of in return bless the One who is blessing in a prison, or in a re- the source of every blessing” (n. habilitation group. To let these 2626). Prayer is joy and thanks- special power that accompanies blessed us “while we were yet sin- people feel that they are still giving. God did not wait for us those who receive it throughout ners” (Rom 5:8), Saint Paul says, blessed, notwithstanding their to convert before beginning to their entire life, and disposes the Word made flesh and offered grave errors, that the heavenly love us, but he loved us long be- man’s heart to allow God to for us on the cross. Father continues to desire their fore, when we were still in sin. change it (cf. Second Vatican Saint Paul proclaims God’s good and to hope that they will We cannot just bless this God Council Constitution S a c ro sanc- plan of love with emotion. And open themselves to the good, in who blesses us; we must bless tum Concilium, 61). he says it like this: “Blessed be the end. Even if their closest rel- everyone in him, all people, bless At the world’s beginning, there the God and Father of our Lord atives have abandoned them since God and bless our brothers and is thus God who “speaks good- Jesus Christ, who has blessed us by now they judge them to be ir- sisters, bless the world: this is the ness” [dice-bene], he blesses [bene- in Christ with every spiritual redeemable, they are always chil- root of Christian meekness, the dice], he speaks goodness [dice- blessing in the heavenly places, dren to God. God cannot erase ability to feel blessed and the bene]. He sees that every work of even as he chose us in him before in us the image of sons and ability to bless. If we were all to his hands is good and beautiful, the foundation of the world, that daughters; each one of us is his do this, wars would surely not ex- and when he creates man, and we should be holy and blameless son, his daughter. At times we see ist. This world needs blessings, creation is complete, he recog- before him. He destined us in miracles happen: men and wo- and we can give blessings and re- men who are reborn because they nizes that it is “very good” (Gen love to be his sons through Jesus ceive blessings. The Father loves find this blessing that has anoint- 1:31). Shortly thereafter, the Christ, according to the purpose us, and the only thing that re- ed them as children. For God’s beauty that God had imprinted of his will, to the praise of his mains for us is the joy of blessing grace changes lives: he takes us as within his work will change, and glorious grace which he freely be- him, and the joy of thanking him, we are, but he never leaves us as the human being will become a stowed on us in the Beloved” and of learning from him not to we are. degenerate creature, capable of (Eph 1:3-6). There is no sin that curse, but to bless. Here, just one spreading evil and death in the can completely erase the image of Let us think about what Jesus world; but nothing will ever take Christ present in each one of us. did with Zacchaeus (cf. Lk 19:1- CONTINUED ON PA G E 11 away God’s original imprint, an No sin can erase that image that 10), for example. Everyone saw imprint of goodness that God God has given us — the image of evil in him; instead, Jesus spots a placed in the world, in human Christ. Sin can disfigure it, but glimmer of good, and from that nature, in all of us: the capacity not remove it from God’s mercy. — from his curiosity to see Jesus page 4 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 4 December 2020, number 49

FEAST OF THE APOSTLE ANDREW

Photos © Nikolaos Manginas

Message of the Holy Father to Ecumenical Patriarch for the Feast of Saint Andre w The primary duty of dialogue

In the context of the traditional exchange of Delegations for the respective Undersecretary, Msgr Andrea Palmieri. The Delegation was joined in Feast Days of Patron Saints — 29 June in for the celebration of Istanbul by Archbishop Paul F. Russell, Apostolic to Turkey. The Saints Peter and Paul, and 30 November in Istanbul for the celebration Holy See's Delegation took part in the solemn Divine Liturgy presided by of Saint Andrew — Cardinal , President of the Pontifical Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I in the Patriarchal Church of Saint Council for Promoting Christian Unity, led the Delegation of the Holy George at the Phanar. Cardinal Koch consigned to the Ecumenical See for the celebration of the Ecumenical . He was Patriarch a Message signed by the Holy Father. The following is the accompanied by the Dicastery's Secretary, Bishop Brian Farrell, and English text of the Message.

in the Patriarchal Church of Saint With profound gratitude to good things to the glory and George at the Phanar. Calling to God, I have experienced this fra- profit both of themselves and of mind the charity, apostolic zeal ternity at first hand in the various the whole Christian body, and to and perseverance of Saint An- encounters we have shared. In the advance of the matter of the drew is a source of encourage- this regard, I acknowledge that union”. ment in these difficult and critical the desire for ever greater close- We can thank God that rela- times. Giving glory to God also ness and understanding between tions between the strengthens our faith and hope in Christians was manifest in the Church and the Ecumenical Patri- the one who welcomed into etern- Ecumenical Patriarchate of Con- archate have grown much over al life the holy martyr Andrew, stantinople before the Catholic the past century, even as we con- whose faith endured in time of Church and other Churches en- tinue to yearn for the goal of the trial. gaged themselves in dialogue. restoration of ex- I recall with great joy the pres- This can be seen clearly in the pressed through participation at letter of the Holy Syn- ence of Your All Holiness at the the same Eucharistic altar. Al- od of the Ecumenical Patriarchate To His All Holiness international meeting for peace though obstacles remain, I am addressed to the Churches world- BARTHOLOMEW held in Rome on 20 October last, confident that by walking togeth- wide exactly one hundred years Archbishop of Constantinople with the participation of repres- er in mutual love and pursuing ago. Indeed, its words remain rel- Ecumenical Patriarch entatives of various Churches and theological dialogue, we will evant today: “When the several other religious traditions. Togeth- reach that goal. This hope is On the feast of the Apostle An- Churches are inspired by love, er with the challenges posed by based on our common faith in Je- drew, beloved of Saint the current pandemic, war contin- and place it before everything sus Christ, sent by God the Fath- Peter and patron saint of the Ecu- ues to afflict many parts of the else in their judgment of the oth- er to gather all people into one menical Patriarchate, I joyfully world, while new armed conflicts ers and in relation towards each body, and the cornerstone of the convey my spiritual closeness to emerge to steal the lives of count- other, they will be able, instead of one and holy Church, God’s holy Your All Holiness once again less men and women. Un- increasing and widening the exist- through the delegation. I join doubtedly all initiatives taken by ing dissentions, to lessen and di- temple, in which all of us are liv- you in giving thanks to God for national and international entities minish the same as far as pos- ing stones, each according to our the rich fruits of divine provid- aimed at promoting peace are sible; and by promoting a con- own particular charism or min- ence manifest in the life of Saint useful and necessary, yet conflict stant brotherly interest in the con- istry bestowed by the Holy Spirit. A n d re w. and violence will never cease until dition, the stability, and the With these sentiments, I renew I likewise pray that through his all people reach a deeper aware- prosperity of the other Churches, my warmest best wishes for the powerful intercession our Lord, ness that they have a mutual re- by their eagerness in watching feast of Saint Andrew, and ex- who called him to be among his sponsibility as brothers and sis- what is happening in those change with Your All Holiness an first disciples, will abundantly ters. In light of this, the Christian Churches, and by obtaining a embrace of peace in the Lord. bless you, your brothers in the Churches, together with other re- more accurate knowledge of episcopate and members of the ligious traditions, have a primary them, and by their readiness to Rome, Saint John Lateran, Holy , and all the , duty to offer an example of dia- give, whenever occasion arises, a 30 November 2020 and lay faithful gathered logue, mutual respect and practic- hand of help and assistance, they for the Divine Liturgy celebrated al cooperation. then will do and achieve many FRANCIS number 49, Friday, 4 December 2020 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 5

Pope Francis creates 13 new Cardinals

and the assignment of the or — , Arch- — , titular d e a c o n r y. bishop of , Rwanda; Archbishop of Asolo, Apostolic The Holy Father entered the — , A rc h - Nuncio, Special Delegate to the Basilica at 4:00 pm. in procession bishop of Washington, USA; Sovereign Military Order of and took his place at the Altar of Malta; — Jose Fuerte Advincula, Arch- the Chair in Saint Peter’s Basilica. bishop of Capiz, Philippines; — , He was greeted by the Secretary Preacher of the ; General of the Synod of Bishops, — Celestino Aós Braco, Arch- — , titular Arch- the first of the new Cardinals. bishop of Santiago de Chile, bishop of Cures Sabinorum. Having said the initial prayer, the Chile; Pope delivered his Address after — Cornelius Sim, Due to Covid restrictions Msgr the proclamation of the Gospel. of Putia in Numidia, Vicar Advincula and Msgr Sim were un- able to attend the ceremony. He then read out the formula for Apostolic of ; the creation of Cardinals, reading The imposition of the biretta on — , Rome, 28 November out their names: the new Cardinals, the consign- Archbishop of Siena - Colle di Val — , Bishop emerit- ment of the ring and the assign- On Saturday afternoon, 28 d’Elsa - Montalcino, Italy; November, in Saint Peter’s Ba- us of Gozo, Secretary General of ment of the title or deaconry fol- — , titular silica, the Supreme Francis the Synod of Bishops; lowed. The ceremony concluded held an Ordinary Public Consist- — Marcello Semeraro, Prefect of Archbishop of Thisiduo; with the that ory for the creation of 13 new Car- the Congregation for the Causes — Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel, the Holy Father imparted to dinals, the imposition of the bi- of Saints, Apostolic Administrator Archbishop emeritus of San Cris- everyone present and the singing of retta, the consignment of the ring of Albano, Italy; tóbal de Las Casas, Mexico; the Salve Regina.

Cardinal Grech’s address to the Holy Father at the Consistory Synodality as a pattern and of the Church

At the beginning of the Consistory on Saturday after- od, when you traced the profile of the Church as noon, 28 November, at the Altar of the Chair in constitutively synodal. Saint Peter’s Basilica, the Holy Father was greeted A synodal Church is a “Church that listens”. by Cardinal Mario Grech, Secretary General of the Mutual listening, as listening to the Holy Spirit, Synod of Bishops, the first of the new Cardinals. The is perhaps the truest realisation of that “open or following is a translation of the Cardinal's address, incomplete thought, always open to the maius of which was given in Italian. God and the Truth, always developing”, which you, Your Holiness, emphasise as the disposition Your Holiness, of a good philosopher, a good theologian, and world, confirmed the importance of mutual listen- Called together in a Consistory during such a evidently also of a ‘good bishop’. One here is not ing. But I believe and desire that the Secretariat grave time for all of humanity due to the current speaking of some form of relativism. Rather, what may be able to do more, for example, supporting pandemic, we wish to extend our thoughts to all one understands here is the dynamism of Tradi- the bishops and the episcopal conferences in of our brothers and sisters who are suffering. The tion itself, by virtue of which “the Church con- maturing in a synodal style, without interfering, dramatic circumstances that the Church and the stantly moves forward toward the fullness of di- but accompanying the processes underway at vari- world are living, challenge us to offer a reading of vine truth until the words of God reach their ous levels in the Church’s life. This could be the way in which the Secretariat the pandemic that might help each and every per- complete fulfilment in her”. of the Synod can participate in the dynamism of son to see also in this tragedy an opportunity to Within this dynamism is clarified the profile of the “Church which goes forth” in a world that, in “rethink our styles of life, our relationships, the the synodal Church and synodality as a pattern the dramatic circumstances in which we are living, organization of our societies and, above all, the and style of the Church. This is the vision that has even more need that the Church truly be the meaning of our existence”. you, Holy Father, strongly propose to us. The Constitution Episcopalis communio seeks to imple- “universal sacrament of ”. As a “sacrament or as a sign and instrument ment it, interpreting the Synod of Bishops not as Sustaining us is hope, the Holy Spirit’s gift for both of a very closely knit union with God and of an event anymore, but as a process in which the difficult times. In The Portal the Mystery of Hope, the unity of the whole human race”, the Church is , the College of Bishops and the Charles Péguy imagines hope as “a girl from called to open ways, or better she herself needs to Bishop of Rome are involved in synergy, each ac- n o w h e re ”, the smallest of the sisters, between set out anew on the journey. This is the lesson cording to its proper function. I would like to faith, compared to a bride, and charity, viewed as from the in the second emphasise the indispensable role that the People a mother. He concludes: chapter of Lumen Gentium that recovers the idea of of God play in this process. In this way, the “The Christian people don’t pay attention, ex- the People of God on a journey. According to the sensus fidei recuperates its active function, allow- cept the two older sisters. The first and the last… New Testament, the condition of the Christian is ing it to practice listening as the principle of a They are blind who cannot see otherwise. That it that of a pilgrim, who lives in the world as a Church that is truly and completely synodal. is she in the middle who leads her older sisters stranger, well aware that fulfilment can only be Synodality introduces every aspect of the along”. reached in the Kingdom of God. Once again, at C h u rc h ’s life and mission in a dynamic of circular “Let us not allow ourselves to be robbed of the beginning of a new millennium, the Spirit fruitfulness. The particular Churches, the hop e”! May Mary, Star of the Sea, whom we seems to be saying to us that we must return to be- provinces and ecclesiastical regions, the Church Maltese venerate under the title of Madonna Ta’ ing “those who belong to The Way” (cf. Acts 9:2). universal, in which even the Pinu, grant us this hope. A Church that journeys is a Church that “jour- offers its part, all are inserted in that synodal pro- To you, Holy Father, who desired to choose us neys together”. The People of God are not a sum cess which manifests “a dynamism of communion for a more direct service to the Church, we ask of individuals; rather they are “Go d’s faithful, which inspires all ecclesial decisions”. that you bless us. holy people”. If they walk ‘together’ they will not This is the basis of the task that together we take the wrong road because as all of the faithful are called to carry out, and which the Secretariat possess the capacity of ‘infallibility in credendo,’ of the Synod seeks to serve. It can collaborate in the sensus fidei that you often invite us to is listen- facilitating the connection between the various The Cardinal’s address with all references may ing in order to discern “that which the Spirit is levels of the exercise of synodality. Its primary be found at: http://www.synod.va/content/sy- saying to the Church”. These were the solicita- contribution is specifically that of listening. I no d/en/news/address-of-h-e--mario-cardinal- tions you gave, your holiness, on the occasion of have already written to all the bishops, offering g re c h - t o - t h e - h o l y - f a t h e r - d u r i n g - t . h t m l the 50th anniversary of the institution of the Syn- our availability, and many, from every part of the page 6 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 4 December 2020, number 49

Homily at the Ordinary Public Consistory for the creation of 13 new Cardinals On the road

On Saturday afternoon, 28 November, Pope Francis he would no longer be in their midst. So that accepts it. Yet the contrast is still there: Jesus is presided at the Ordinary Public Consistory held in that they could always be with him, on his road. on the road, while they are off the road. Two roads Saint Peter’s Basilica for the creation of 13 new Knowing that the hearts of his disciples were that cannot meet. Only the Lord, through his cardinals. The following is the English text of the troubled, Jesus “once more” called the Twelve and cross and resurrection, can save his straying Holy Father’s homily, which he gave in Italian. told them “what was to happen to him” (v. 32). friends who risk getting lost. It is for them, as Jesus and his disciples were on the road. The road We have just heard it ourselves: the third an- well as for all the others, that Jesus is journeying is the setting for the scene just recounted by the nouncement of his passion, death and resurrec- to Jerusalem. For them, and for everyone, will he Evangelist Mark (10:32-45). It is always the set- tion. This is the road taken by the Son of God. The let his body be broken and his blood shed. For ting, too, for the Church’s journey: the road of road taken by the Servant of the Lord. Jesus identi- them, and for all, will he rise from the dead, and life and history, which is salvation history insofar fies himself with this road, so much so that he forgive and transform them by the gift of the as it is travelled with Christ and leads to his himself is the road. “I am the way” (Jn 14:6), he Spirit. He will at last put them back on his road. paschal mystery. Jerusalem always lies ahead of says. This way, and none other. Saint Mark – like Matthew and Luke – in- us. The cross and the resurrection are part of our At this point, a sudden shift takes place, which cluded this story in his Gospel because it contains history; they are our “to day”but also and always enables Jesus to reveal to James and John – but a saving truth necessary for the Church in every the goal of our journey. really to all the Apostles, and to us – the fate in age. Even though the Twelve come off badly, this This Gospel passage has often accompanied store for them. Let us imagine the scene: after text entered the of Scripture because it re - consistories for the creation of new Cardinals. It once again explaining what will happen to him in veals the truth about Jesus and about us. For us is not merely a “b a c k d ro p ” but also a “road sign” Jerusalem, Jesus looks the Twelve squarely in the too, in our day, it is a message of salvation. We for us who today are journeying together with Je- eye, as if to say: “Is this clear?” Then he resumes too, Pope and Cardinals, must always see sus. For he is our strength, who gives meaning to his journey, walking ahead of the group. Two of ourselves reflected in this word of truth. It is a his disciples break away from the others: James our lives and our ministry. sharpened sword; it cuts, it proves painful, but it and John. They approach Jesus and tell him what Consequently, dear brothers, we need carefully also heals, liberates and converts us. For conver- to consider the words we have just heard. they want: “Grant us to sit, one at your right hand and one at your left, in your glory” (v. 37). sion means precisely this: that we pass from being Mark emphasizes that, on the road, the dis- They want to take a different road. Not Jesus’ off the road to journeying on God’s road. ciples were “amazed” and “afraid” (v. 32). Why? road, but a different one. The road of those who, May the Holy Spirit give us this grace, today Because they knew what was ahead of them in perhaps even without realizing it, “use” the Lord and for ever. Jerusalem. They not only had a sense of it; they for their own advancement. Those who – as Saint knew well what was ahead, because, more than Paul says – look to their own interests and not once, Jesus had already spoken to them openly those of Christ (cf. Phil 2:21). Saint Augustine about it. The Lord knew what his followers were speaks of this in his magnificent sermon on shep- experiencing, nor was he indifferent to it. Jesus herds (n. 46). A sermon we always benefit from never abandons his friends; he never neglects The Pope and the new rereading in the Office of Readings. them. Even when it seems that he is going his own way, he is always doing so for our sake. All Jesus listens to James and John. He does not Cardinals visit Benedict XVI that he does, he does for us and for our salvation. get upset or angry. His patience is indeed infinite, In the specific case of the Twelve, he did this to also towards us. He tells the two: “You do not prepare them for the trials to come, so that they know what you are asking” (v. 38). In a way, he could be with him, now and especially later, when excuses them, while at the same time reproaching them: “You do not realize that you have gone off the road”. Immediately after this, the other ten apostles will show by their indignant reaction to the sons of Zebedee how much all of them w e re tempted to go off the road. Dear brothers, all of us love Jesus, all of us want to follow him, yet we must always be careful to remain on the road. For our bodies can be with him, but our hearts can wander far afield and so lead us off the road. We can think of so many kinds of corruption in the priestly life. The scarlet of a Cardinal’s robes, which is the colour of blood, can, for a worldly spirit, become the col- our of a secular “eminence”. In that case, you will no longer be a shepherd who is close to his Following the celebration of Saturday afternoon’s Ordinary people. You will simply think that you are an Public Consistory, the Holy Father and the 11 new Cardinals “eminence”. Once you feel that way, you are present in Rome visited Benedict XVI in the chapel of the already off the road. Mater Ecclesiae Monastery inside the Vatican during which the In this passage of the Gospel, we are always Cardinals were introduced individually to the Pope emeritus. struck by the sharp contrast between Jesus and his Benedict XVI expressed his joy for the visit and blessed the new US Archbishop Wilton Gregory of Washington (right) disciples. Jesus is aware of this; he knows it and he Cardinals after the recitation of the “Salve Regina”. number 49, Friday, 4 December 2020 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 7

Mass with the new Cardinals on the First Sunday of Advent Closeness and watchfulness

On Sunday morning, 29 November, ends with this prayer: “Come, Lord the first Sunday of Advent, Pope Jesus”. We can say that prayer at the Francis celebrated Mass in Saint beginning of each day and repeat it Peter’s Basilica with the newly created frequently, before our meetings, our Cardinals. The following is the English studies and our work, before making text of the Holy Father’s homily, which decisions, in every more important he shared in Italian. or difficult moment in our lives: Come, Lord Jesus! It is a little prayer, To day’s readings propose two key yet one that comes from the heart. words for the Advent season: close- Let us say it in this Advent season. ness and watchfulness. God’s close- Let us repeat it: “Come, Lord Je- ness and our watchfulness. The sus!” prophet Isaiah says that God is If we ask Jesus to come close to close to us, while in the Gospel us, we will train ourselves to be Jesus urges us to keep watch in ex- watchful. Today Mark’s Gospel pectation of his return. presented us with the end of Jesus’ Closeness. Isaiah begins by speak- final address to his disciples, which ing personally to God: “You, O can be summed up in two words: Lord, are our father” (63:16). “Never “Be watchful!” The Lord repeats has anyone heard”, he continues, these words four times in five verses “[of] any God, other than you, who (cf. Mk 13:33-35.37). It is important has done so much for those who to remain watchful, because one trust in him” (cf. 64:3). We are re- great mistake in life is to get ab- minded of the words of Deutero- sorbed in a thousand things and not the evening, at the Last Supper, they everything revolves around us and nomy: who is like the Lord our to notice God. Saint Augustine said: betrayed Jesus; at midnight, they our needs, and we are indifferent to God, so close to us whenever we call “Timeo Iesum transeuntem” (Sermons, dozed off; at the cock’s crow, they the needs of others, night descends upon him? (cf. 4:7). Advent is the 88, 14, 13), “I fear that Jesus will denied him; in the morning, they let in our hearts. Our hearts grow dark. season for remembering that closeness pass by me unnoticed”. Caught up him be condemned to death. They We immediately begin to complain of God who came down to dwell in in our own daily concerns (how well did not keep watch. They fell asleep. about everything and everyone; we our midst. The prophet goes on to we know this!), and distracted by so But that same drowsiness can also start to feel victimized by everyone ask God to draw close to us once many vain things, we risk losing overtake us. There is a dangerous and end up brooding about more: “O that you would tear open sight of what is essential. That is kind of sleep: it is the slumber of me- everything. It is a vicious circle. the heavens and come down!” (Is why today the Lord repeats: “To all, d i o c r i t y. It comes when we forget our Nowadays, that night seems to have I say: be watchful!” (Mk 13:37). Be 64:1). We prayed for this in today’s first love and grow satisfied with in- fallen on so many people, who only watchful, attentive. responsorial psalm: “Turn again… difference, concerned only for an demand things for themselves, and come to save us” (Ps 80:15.3). We Having to be watchful, however, untroubled existence. Without mak- are blind to the needs of others. often begin our prayers with the in- means it is now night. We are not ing an effort to love God daily and How do we rouse ourselves from living in broad day- awaiting the newness he constantly the slumber of indifference? With light, but awaiting brings, we become mediocre, luke- the watchfulness of charity. To awaken the dawn, amid dark- warm, worldly. And this slowly eats ness and weariness. us from that slumber of mediocrity away at our faith, for faith is the and lukewarmness, there is the The light of day will very opposite of mediocrity: it is ar- come when we shall watchfulness of prayer. To rouse us dent desire for God, a bold effort to from that slumber of indifference, be with the Lord. Let change, the courage to love, con- us not lose heart: the there is the watchfulness of charity. stant progress. Faith is not water light of day will Charity is the beating heart of the that extinguishes flames, it is fire come, the shadows of Christian: just as one cannot live that burns; it is not a tranquilizer for night will be dis- without a heartbeat, so one cannot people under stress, it is a love story pelled, and the Lord, be a Christian without charity. Some who died for us on for people in love! That is why Jesus people seem to think that being the cross, will arise to above all else detests lukewarmness compassionate, helping and serving be our judge. Being (cf. Rev 3:16). God clearly disdains others is for losers. Yet these are the watchful in expecta- the lukewarm. only things that win us the victory, tion of his coming How can we rouse ourselves from since they are already aiming to- means not letting the slumber of mediocrity? With the wards the future, the day of the ourselves be over- vigilance of prayer. When we pray, we Lord, when all else will pass away come by discourage- light a candle in the darkness. Pray- and love alone will remain. It is by ment. It is to live in er rouses us from the tepidity of a that we draw close hope. Just as before purely horizontal existence and to the Lord. This is what we asked our birth, our loved makes us lift our gaze to higher for in today’s opening prayer: ones expectantly things; it makes us attuned to the “Grant [us]… the resolve to run forth awaited our coming Lord. Prayer allows God to be close to meet your Christ with righteous vocation: “God, come to my assist- into the world, so now Love in per- to us; it frees us from our solitude deeds at his coming”. The resolve to ance”. The first step of faith is to son awaits us. If we are awaited in and gives us hope. Prayer is vital for run forth to meet Christ with good tell God that we need him, that we Heaven, why should we be caught life: just as we cannot live without works. Jesus is coming, and the road need him to be close to us. up with earthly concerns? Why breathing, so we cannot be Christi- to meet him is clearly marked: it This is also the first message of should we be anxious about money, ans without praying. How much we passes through works of charity. Advent and the liturgical year: we fame, success, all of which will pass need Christians who keep watch for Dear brothers and sisters, praying need to recognize God’s closeness away? Why should we waste time those who are slumbering, wor- and loving: that is what it means to and to say to him: “Come close to complaining about the night, when shipers who intercede day and night, be watchful. When the Church wor- us once more!” God wants to draw the light of day awaits us? Why bringing before Jesus, the light of ships God and serves our neighbour, close to us, but he will not impose should we look for “p a t ro n s ” to help the world, the darkness of history. she does not live in the night. himself; it is up to us to keep saying advance our career? All these things How much we need worshipers. We However weak and weary, she jour- to him: “Come!” This is our Advent pass away. Be watchful, the Lord have lost something of our sense of neys towards the Lord. Let us now prayer: “Come!” Advent reminds us tells us. adoration, of standing in silent ador- call out to him. Come, Lord Jesus, that Jesus came among us and will Staying awake is not easy; it is ation before the Lord. This is me- we need you! Draw close to us. You come again at the end of time. Yet really quite hard. At night, it is nat- diocrity, lukewarmness. are the light. Rouse us from the we can ask what those two comings ural to sleep. Even Jesus’s disciples There is also another kind of in- slumber of mediocrity; awaken us mean, if he does not also come into did not manage to stay awake when terior slumber: the slumber of indiffer- from the darkness of indifference. our lives today? So let us invite him. told to stay awake “in the evening, ence. Those who are indifferent see Come, Lord Jesus, take our distrac- Let us make our own the traditional or at midnight, or at cockcrow, or at everything the same, as if it were ted hearts and make them watchful. Advent prayer: “Come, Lord Jesus” dawn” (cf. v. 35). Those were the night; they are unconcerned about Awaken within us the desire to pray (Rev 22:20). The Book of Revelation very times they were not awake: in those all around them. When and the need to love. page 8 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 4 December 2020, number 49

The new C a rd i n a l s

The following are abridged biographies of the 13 new Cardinals created during the der of Grottaferrata. He is a member WI LT O N DANIEL GREGORY Consistory held on Saturday, 28 November. Coming from eight countries, Ital y, of the Dicastery for Communication Archbishop of Washington, USA Malta, the USA, Brunei, the Philippines, Mexico, Rwanda and Chile, the 13 re- and of the Congregation flect the universal nature of the Church. for Oriental Churches. He was ap- pointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints ten days be- MARIO GRECH MARCELLO SEMERARO fore the announcement of his ap- Bishop emeritus of Gozo Prefect of the Congregation for the pointment as Cardinal. Secretary General Causes of Saints of the Synod of Bishops Apostolic Administrator of Albano, Italy Cardinal Mario Grech, 63, was born ANTOINE KAMBANDA in Qala, Malta. He completed his studies in philosophy and theology Cardinal Marcello Semeraro, 72, was Archbishop of Kigali, Rwanda at the Sacred Heart Seminary of born in Monteroni di Lecce, Italy. Gozo, and was ordained a priest on He received his initial formation at Cardinal Antoine Kambanda, 62, was 26 May 1984. He then studied in the Pontifical Regional Seminary of born in Nymata, Rwanda. All mem- Rome, where he obtained a license Apulia “Pius XI” in Molfetta, and bers of his family, except for one in canon and civil law at the Lateran brother, were killed during the war of University and a doctorate in canon 1994. He studied philosophy and law at the Angelicum. theology in Kenya before returning Upon returning to Malta he exer- to his native Rwanda to complete his Cardinal Wilton D. Gregory, 72, was cised his ministry at the Basilica of theological studies at the Major Sem- born in , , USA . He inary of Nyakibanda, in the Diocese studied philosophy at Niles College of Butare. He was ordained a priest of Loyola University and theology at on 8 September 1990 by Saint John Saint Mary of the Lake Seminary in Paul II, during the Holy Father’s pas- Mundelein, Illinois. He was or- toral visit to Rwanda. dained a priest for the Archdiocese of Chicago on 9 May 1973. He earned a doctorate in Liturgy at the of Sant’An- selmo in Rome. He served as parish vicar at Our Lady of Perpetual Help Parish; pro- fessor of liturgy at Saint Mary of the Lake Seminary; a member of the archdiocesan Office for the Liturgy; completed his studies at the Faculty master of ceremonies for Archbishop of Theology of the Pontifical Later- of Chicago and his suc- an University in Rome, where he cessor Joseph Louis Bernardin from obtained a license and degree in 1980 to 1983. He was appointed titu- theology. He was ordained a priest the National Shrine of the Blessed on 8 September 1971. He taught lar Bishop of Oliva and Auxiliary of of Ta’ Pinu in Gozo. He theology in various institutes and Chicago on 18 October 1983, and served as: parish priest in the par- then ecclesiology at the Pontifical was installed as Bishop of Belleville ishes of Ta’ Kerċem and of Saint Lateran University until he was ap- on 10 February 1994. He was ap- Lawrence; as of the pointed Bishop of Oria on 25 July Following his ordination he served pointed Metropolitan Archbishop of diocese and of the Ecclesiastical 1998. as an English professor and as Pre- Atlanta on 9 December 2004. He of Malta; as a teacher of In 2001, he served as Special Sec- fect of Saint Vincent Minor Semin- served first as Vice-president (1998- canon law at the seminary and as a retary of the Tenth General As- ary of Ndera, Kigali from 1990 to 2001) and then as President (2001- member of the College of Con- sembly of the Synod of Bishops on 1993, and then studied from 1993 to 2004) of the US Conference of Cath- 1999 at the Alfonsiana Academy and sultors, of the Presbyteral Council “The Bishop: Servant of the Gospel olic Bishops (USCCB). Throughout the Saint Paul Pontifical College in and of the diocesan commissions for of Jesus Christ for the hope of the the duration of his mandate, the Rome, obtaining a degree in moral theology, family and social commu- world”. On 1 October 2004, he was crisis brought on by the sexual ab- theology. From 1999 to 2005 he nications. appointed Bishop of Albano. He use carried out by some members of served as: director of the diocesan On 26 November 2005 Pope Be- served first as member then as Pres- the clergy worsened, and under his Caritas in Kigali; director of the dio- ident of the Commission for the guidance, the national episcopate nedict XVI appointed him Bishop of cesan Commission for Justice and Gozo, a role he held until 2019. Doctrine of the Faith, Proclamation promoted concrete initiatives aimed and Catechesis of the Italian Epis- Peace; professor of moral theology Between 2008 and 2009 he launched at providing a response to the tragic copal Conference, and was appoin- at the Major Theology Seminary in the diocesan mission and made sev- phenomenon. Within the USCCB he ted a member of the Congregation Nyakibanda; and spiritual director at eral pastoral visits to the Maltese served as: member of the Executive for the Causes of Saints on 31 Janu- the Major Seminary of Rutongo. He and Administrative Committees, the communities in the USA, Albania, ary 2009. then served as of the Major Canada, Brazil, Australia and Peru. On 13 April 2013 he was app oint- Philosophical Seminary of Committee on Doctrine, and the On 2 October 2019, Pope Francis ed secretary of the “Council of Car- from 2005 to 2006; and from 2006 Committee on International Policy; appointed him Pro-Secretary Gener- dinals” to assist the Holy Father in he served as rector of the Saint Chair of: the Committee on Person- al of the Synod of Bishops. On 28 governing the universal Church. On Charles Major Seminary of nel, the Committee for Divine wor- April 2020, he was appointed a 4 November 2013, he was appointed Nyakibanda, in the Diocese of Bu- ship, the Committee on the Third member of the Apostolic Administrator ad nutum tare. On 7 May 2013 he was appoin- Millennium/Jubilee Year 2000 (1998- for Promoting Christian Unity and Sanctae Sedis of the Territorial Ab- ted Bishop of Kibungo and served 2001) and the Committee on Liturgy on 15 September of that same year, bey of Santa Maria in Grottaferrata, in that role until 19 November 2018, (1991-1993). On 4 April 2019 Pope Secretary General of the Synod of Italy, and on 4 April 2016, Papal when Pope Francis appointed him Francis appointed him Metropolitan Bishops. Delegate for the Italian Basilian Or- Archbishop of Kigali. Archbishop of Washington. number 49, Friday, 4 December 2020 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 9

Biographies of the new Cardinals

JOSE FUERTE ADVINCULA vows on 16 September 1967. He was dee University, Scotland, UK, he MAU R O GAMBETTI ordained a priest on 30 March 1968. worked in the oil industry until at Archbishop of Capiz, Philippines Titular Archbishop of Thisiduo As a priest he served as a teacher the death of his father, he decided and professor in Lecaroz, Navarra to pursue an adult vocational jour- and Pamplona, and as vicar in ney that led him to complete a mas- Tudela and Zaragoza. ter’s in theology at the Franciscan University of Steubenville, Ohio, USA . He was ordained a priest on 26 November 1989. After serving in various , in 1995 he was ap- pointed Vicar General of the Territo- ry of Brunei of the Eastern Diocese of Malaysia, and Apostolic Prefect on 21 November 1997. On 20 Octo- ber 2004 Saint John Paul II elevated him to the rank of Apostolic Vicar in the of Brunei, appointing him as the first Apostolic Vicar and assigning him the titular episcopal See of Putia in Numidia. Since 2017, he has been Vice-presi- Cardinal Jose Fuerte Advincula, 68, dent of the of Cardinal Mauro Gambetti, 55, was was born in Dumalag, Philippines. Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei and born in Castel San Pietro Terme, After studying philosophy at Saint also served for two years as its Gen- Bologna, Italy. After obtaining a de- Pius X Seminary in Roxas City, he In 1983 he was sent to Chile, eral Secretary. gree in mechanical engineering at studied theology at Saint Thomas where he served as parish vicar of the University of Bologna, in University in Manila. He was or- the Parish of Longaví, Superior of September 1992 he officially began dained a priest for the Archdiocese his Community in Santa María de his journey with the Order of of Capiz on 4 April 1976 and was Los Angeles, parish priest of Saint Minor Conventual for whom, after a appointed spiritual director of Saint Michael Parish in Viña del Mar, Su- AUGUSTO PAOLO LOJUDICE year, he professed his tem- Pius X Seminary, where he also perior of the community in Recreo, Archbishop of Siena - Colle di Val porary vows on 29 August 1995, and served as professor and of and episcopal vicar for female insti- d’Elsa - Montalcino, Italy his perpetual vows on 20 September Studies. Afterwards he studied psy- tutes of in the Dio- 1998. He obtained a degree in theo- chology at De la Salle University in cese of Valparaíso. In 2008 he was logy at the Theological Institute of Manila and then canon law, both at Assisi, and then a license in theolo- appointed parish vicar of Saint Cardinal Augusto Paolo Lojudice, Saint Thomas University in Manila gical anthropology at the Theologi- Parish in Los 56, was born in Rome, Italy. He pre- and at the Angelicum in Rome, ob- cal Faculty of Central Italy in Angeles in the Diocese of Santa pared for the priesthood at the Pon- taining a license in canon law. Florence. He was ordained a priest María de Los Ángeles. He has also tifical Roman Major Seminary and After returning to his country he on 8 January 2000, and served as served as provincial treasurer of the studied philosophy and theology at worked at the Immaculate Concep- animator of youth and vocational Capuchins in Chile, Promotor of the Pontifical Gregorian University tion School of Theology in Vigan, ministry for Emilia-Romagna and, Justice of the ecclesiastic Tribunal of from 1983 to 1989, obtaining a li- Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia and from 2005 to 2009 as of the cense in theology with a specializa- then at Regional Sem- Valparaíso, Judge and psychologist Conventual Franciscan community tion in fundamental theology. He inary of Iloilo in the Diocese of of the interdiocesan Tribunal of the in the Shrine of the Very Holy Cru- Jaro. He was appointed rector of Archdiocese of Concepción, and was ordained a priest on 6 May 1989 for the . cifix in Longiano. In 2009 he was Saint Pius X Seminary of Capiz in Treasurer of the Chilean Association elected Provincial Minister of the 1995, and became Defender of the of Canon Law. He was appointed He served as parish vicar of the parish of Saint Mary of Good Province of Saint Anthony of Padua. Bond, Promotor of Justice and Bishop of Copiapó on 25 July 2014 Counsel, parish vicar of San Vigilio On 22 February 2013 he became lastly, Judicial Vicar in Capiz. In and received his episcopal ordina- Parish, parish priest of Holy Mary General Custodian of the General 1999 he served as the first rector of tion the following 18 October. Custody of the Sacred Convent of the newly established Major Semin- On 23 March 2019 he was ap- Saint Francis in Assisi, a four year ary of Capiz. One year later he p ointed Apostolic Administrator sede term which was reconfirmed in 2017. served as parish priest of Saint vacante et ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of He was appointed episcopal vicar Thomas of Villanova Parish in Dao. the Archdiocese of Santiago de for pastoral ministry of Saint Francis On 25 July 2001 he was appointed Chile. On 27 December 2019 Pope Papal Basilica and of other places of Bishop of San Carlos, and received Francis appointed him Archbishop worship run by the Friars Minor his episcopal ordination on 8 of Santiago de Chile. Conventual in the same diocese. He September 2001. On 9 November was elected President of the Inter- 2011 he was appointed Archbishop Mediterranean Federation of Provin- of Capiz. Within the Catholic Bish- cial Ministers of his Order in ops’ Conference of the Philippines, September 2017. he has served as a member of the CORNELIUS SIM Commissions for the Doctrine of the titular Bishop of Putia in Numidia Faith, for Social Action, for Justice Vicar Apostolic of Brunei and Peace and for International Eucharistic Congresses. He also led FELIPE ARIZMENDI ESQUIVEL the Committee for Indigenous Archbishop emeritus of Pe o p l e s . San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico

Mother of the Redeemer Parish in Tor Bella Monaca, spiritual director Cardinal Arizmendi Esquivel, 80, CELESTINO AÓS BRACO at the Pontifical Roman Major Sem- was born in Chiltepec, Mexico. He inary (2005-2014), and parish priest studied humanities and philosophy Archbishop of Santiago at the seminary of Toluca and theo- de Chile, Chile of San Luca Evangelista al Prenestino. On 6 March 2015, he logy at the Pontifical University of was appointed titular Bishop of Al- Salamanca, Spain, where he ob- tained a license in dogmatic theo- ba Marittima and Auxiliary Bishop Cardinal Celestino Aós Braco, 75, logy and later also specialized in of Rome, receiving his episcopal or- was born in Artaiz, Spain. After liturgy. He was ordained a priest on studying philosophy in Zaragoza dination the following 23 May. He is 25 August 1963. Within the Diocese and theology in Pamplona he the Secretary of the Episcopal Com- of Toluca he served as parish vicar obtained a license in psychology mission for Migration of the Italian in San Bernardino; prefect of philo- from the University of Barcelona. Episcopal Conference (CEI). On 6 sophy and teacher at the seminary; He professed his temporary reli- Cardinal Cornelius Sim, 69, was May 2019 Pope Francis appointed parish vicar at Coatepec Harinas gious vows as a Capuchin on born in Seria, Brunei. After obtain- him Archbishop of Siena-Colle di 15 August 1964 and his perpetual ing a degree in engineering at Dun- Val d’Elsa-Montalcino. CONTINUED ON PA G E 10 page 10 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 4 December 2020, number 49

Biographies of the new Cardinals

CONTINUED FROM PA G E 9 Refugees (PCMR) of the US Epis- delegation for dialogue with the the Minor Seminary as vice-rector. copal Conference. From 1989 to Pentecostal Churches for 12 years. In In 1976 he became associate parish and then at Zacualpan and parish June 1996 he served as secretary of 1979 he left the field of education to priest of San Frumenzio ai Prati Fis- priest of San Andrés Cuexcontitlán the Pontifical Council for the Pas- dedicate himself full-time to the cali and in 1981, parish priest of the in the Otomí indigenous com- toral Care of Migrants and Itinerant ministry of the Word. He was ap- same parish. He has served as: Pre- munity. He also served as a member People. On 27 June 1996 he was ap- pointed Preacher of the Papal fect of the IX Prefecture; Secretary of of the diocesan Liturgy Commission pointed titular Archbishop of Cer- Household by John Paul II in 1980, the Northern Sector; member of the cina and Apostolic Nuncio in and confirmed in this position by Presbyteral Council, of the Council Ethiopia and Eritrea, Apostolic del- Benedict XVI in 2005, and by Pope for economic affairs, and of the Col- egate in Djibouti and Observer at Francis in 2013. In this role, each lege of of the diocese. week during Advent and Lent, he He left San Frumenzio on 1 July offers a meditation to the Bishop of 2004 to serve as parish priest of Rome and the Curia. Because of his Sant’Ippolito until 1 September particular Apostolic vocation, he has 2009, when the ap- been asked to preach in many coun- pointed him director of the diocesan tries throughout the world, often by Caritas. As Caritas director he was members of other Christian denom- also nominated as president of the inations. “Caritas Roma” foundation and of He has received honorary degrees, the antiusury foundation “Salus Po- in law from the University of Notre puli Romani”. He then served as pre- Dame in South Bend, Indiana, in sident of the “Rome Solidarity Coo- communication science from the p erative”and Consultor of the Pon- University of Macerata, and in theo- tifical Council of Pastoral Care of logy from the Franciscan University Migrants and Itinerant People. On in Steubenville, Ohio. In addition to 10 November 2017 the Cardinal Vi- from 1967 to 1981, and director of books and writings of a scientific car appointed him president of the diocesan catechism for three years. nature, he has published numerous public clerical association of the Between 1968 and 1970 he served as books on spirituality, resulting from a member of the first presbyteral the African Union. On 24 April 1999 his preaching to the Papal House- council, becoming council secretary he was appointed Archbishop of the hold, translated into some 20 lan- from 1974 to 1976 and then council titular See of Asolo and on 23 guages. president from 1977 to 1979. December 2000 was appointed He served as spiritual director Apostolic Nuncio in Djibouti. On (1970-1979) and as prefect of studies 10 June 2003 he was appointed Per- (1970-1972) at the minor seminary. manent Observer of the Holy See to ENRICO FERO CI He also served as: professor of the Office of the United Nations liturgy and pastoral theology at the and Specialized Institutions in Titular Archbishop of major seminary (1968-1991); diocesan Geneva and Permanent Observer to Cures Sabinorum coordinator for vocational ministry the World Trade Organization, a Parish priest of Holy Mary of the (1974-1981) and for the commission role he fulfilled until 13 February Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Italy for social communications (1975- 2016. On 9 April 2016 Pope Francis 1976); and vicar general (1989-1991). appointed him a member of the He has served in various organiza- then Pontifical Council for Justice Cardinal Enrico Feroci, 80, was born tions on the national level. On 7 and Peace, now the Dicastery for in Pizzoli, Italy. He studied at the February 1991 he was appointed Promoting Integral Human Devel- Pontifical Roman Minor Seminary Bishop of Tapachula and was or- opment. and then at the Roman Major Semi- Sons of Our Lady of Divine dained a bishop the following 7 nary. After studying philosophy, Love, entrusting him with the respo- March. During this period he served theology and law at the Pontifical nsibility of rector of the Marian Shri- as Secretary General of the Latin Lateran University, he obtained a ne and Rector of the Seminary of American Episcopal Council. On 31 Master’s degree in community edu- Our Lady of Divine Love (1 Septem- March 2000 he was appointed Bish- RANIERO CA N TA L A M E S S A cation and in psychology from the ber 2018). He was appointed Canon and Camerlengo of the Papal Late- op of San Cristóbal de Las Casas. Preacher of the Papal Household Pontifical Salesian University and Rome’s Sapienza University. He was ran Basilica. On 1 September 2019 he ordained a priest on 13 March 1965, was appointed parish priest of Holy and served as prefect in the commu- Mary of Divine Love in Castel di Le- nity at the Pontifical Roman Minor va. He was ordained a bishop on 15 SI LVA N O MARIA TOMASI Seminary and then assistant and November 2020 subsequent to his Titular Archbishop of Asolo treasurer at the Major Seminary appointment as titular Archbishop of Apostolic Nuncio (1966-1968). In 1968 he returned to Cures Sabinorum. Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Cardinal Silvano M. Tomasi, 80, was born in Casoni di Mussolente, and Deaconries Italy. He was educated in Italy and in the USA, where he studied theo- — Mario Grech, Deaconry of logy and was ordained a priest on 31 — Marcello Semeraro, Deaconry of May 1965 in the Congregation of the — Antoine Kambanda, Title of San Sisto Missionaries of Saint Charles — Sca- — Wilton Daniel Gregory, Title of Immacolata Concezione di Maria a labrinians. He obtained a bachelor’s G ro t t a ro s s a Cardinal Raniero Cantalamessa, 86, degree in social sciences and a doc- was born in Colli del Tronto, Italy. — Jose F. Advincula, Title of San Vigilio torate in sociology at Fordham Uni- He obtained a doctorate in theology — Celestino Aós Braco, Title of Santi Nereo ed Achilleo versity in New York, and was an as- in Freiburg, Switzerland, and a de- — Cornelius Sim, Title of San Giuda Taddeo Apostolo sistant professor of sociology at the gree in classic literature at the Cath- — Augusto Paolo Lojudice, Title of Santa Maria del Buon Consiglio City University of New York and at olic University of the Sacred Heart — Mauro Gambetti, Deaconry of Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro the New School for Social Research of Milan. He was ordained a priest Tr a i a n o (1970-1974). As the founding director on 19 October 1958. Following his of the Center for Migration Studies, — Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel, Title of San Luigi Maria Grignion de studies he became a professor of his- Montfort Inc., he established and edited the tory of Christian origins and director — Silvano Maria Tomasi, Deaconry of quarterly journal “International Mi- of the department of religious sci- gration Review”, and served as Su- ences at the University of the Sacred — Raniero Cantalamessa, Deaconry of Sant’Apollinare alle Terme Ner- perior Provincial of his Congregation. Heart in Milan. He was a member oniane-Alessandrine From 1983 to 1987 he served as of the International Theological — Enrico Feroci, Deaconry of Santa Maria del Divino Amore a Castel first director of the Office for the Commission from 1975 to 1981, and di Leva. Pastoral Care of Migrants and served as a member of the Catholic number 49, Friday, 4 December 2020 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO page 11

Message for the International Day of Persons with Disabilities

CONTINUED FROM PA G E 1 ing and without participating. Much still prevents them from being fully That culture affects especially the enfranchised. Our concern should most vulnerable, among whom are be not only to care for them, but the persons with disabilities. In the also to ensure their ‘active participa- last fifty years, important steps for- tion’ in the civil and ecclesial com- ward have been taken on both the munity. That is a demanding and civil and ecclesial levels. Awareness even tiring process, yet one that will of the dignity of each person has gradually contribute to the forma- grown, and this has resulted in cour- tion of consciences capable of ac- ageous decisions to promote the in- knowledging each individual as a clusion of those experiencing physi- unique and unrepeatable person” cal and psychological limitations. (, 98). Indeed, the active Yet, on the cultural level, much still participation of people with disabil- stands in the way of this trend. We ities in the work of catechesis can see it in attitudes of rejection, due greatly enrich the life of the whole also to a narcissistic and utilitarian parish. Precisely because they have mentality, that give rise to marginal- been grafted onto Christ in baptism, ization that ignores the inevitable they share with him, in their own fact that frailty is part of everyone’s particular way, the priestly, prophet- life. Indeed, some with even severe ic, and royal mission of evangelizing disabilities, despite great challenges, through, with and in the Church. have found the way to a beautiful The presence of persons with dis- and meaningful life, whereas many abilities among catechists, according “able-b o died” people feel dissatisfied to their own gifts and talents, is thus or even desperate. “Vulnerability is a resource for the community. Ef- intrinsic to the essential nature of forts should be made to provide humanity” (Address to the Conference them with appropriate training, so “Catechesis and People with Disabilit- that they can acquire greater know- ies”, 21 October 2017). ledge also in the areas of theology Consequently, it is important, on Photo credit: United Nations Social Development Network (unsdn.org) and catechesis. I trust that, in parish this Day, to promote a culture of life communities, more and more people that constantly affirms the dignity of with disabilities can become cate- every person and works especially to so important for everyone in the to receive the sacraments, like all other chists, in order to pass on the faith defend men and women with disab- midst of this pandemic. I also en- members of the Church. All litu rgi- effectively, also by their own witness ilities, of all ages and social condi- courage efforts to provide all priests, cal celebrations in the parish should (cf. Address at the Conference “Cat- tions. seminarians, religious, catechists and be accessible to them, so that, to- echesis and People with Disabilities”, gether with their brothers and sis- pastoral workers with regular training 21 October 2017). 2. The “ro c k ” of inclusion concerning disabilities and the use ters, each of them can deepen, cel- of inclusive pastoral tools. Parish ebrate, and live their faith. Special “Even worse than this crisis would The present pandemic has further communities should be concerned to attention should be paid to people be the tragedy of squandering it” highlighted the disparities and in- encourage among the faithful a wel- with disabilities who have not yet re- (Homily on the Solemnity of Pentecost, equalities widespread in our time, coming attitude towards people with ceived the sacraments of Christian 31 May 2020). For this reason, I en- particularly to the detriment of the disabilities. Creating a fully access- initiation: they should be welcomed courage all those who daily and of- most vulnerable. “The virus, while it ible parish requires not only the re- and included in programmes of cat- ten silently devote themselves to does not distinguish between peo- moval of architectural barriers, but echesis in preparation for these sac- helping others in situations of fragil- ple, has found, in its devastating above all, helping parishioners to raments. No one should be excluded ity and disability. May our common path, great inequalities and discrim- develop attitudes and acts of solidar- from the grace of these sacraments. desire to “build back better” give rise ination. And it has only made them ity and service towards persons with “In virtue of their baptism, all the to new forms of cooperation be- worse” (Catechesis at the General disabilities and their families. Our members of the People of God have tween both civil and ecclesial groups Audience of 19 August 2020). aim should be to speak no longer become missionary disciples. All the and thus build a solid “house” re a d y For this reason, inclusion should about “them”, but rather about “us”. baptized, whatever their position in to withstand every storm and cap- be the first “ro ck”on which to build the Church or their level of instruc- able of welcoming people with dis- our house. Although this term is at 3. The “ro c k ”of active participation tion in the faith, are agents of evan- abilities, because built on the rock times overused, the Gospel parable gelization” (, 120). of inclusion and active participation. of the Good Samaritan (Lk 10:25-37) To help our society to “build back People with disabilities, both in soci- continues to be timely. Along the better”, inclusion of the vulnerable ety and in the Church, also wish to Rome, Saint John Lateran, 3 road of life, we often come across must also entail efforts to promote become active subjects of our pastoral December 2020 wounded people, and these can in- their active participation. ministry, and not simply its recipi- clude persons with disabilities and Before all else, I strongly reaffirm ents. “Many persons with disabilities particular needs. “The decision to the right of persons with disabilities feel that they exist without belong- include or exclude those lying wounded along the roadside can serve as a criterion for judging every economic, political, social and reli- gious project. Each day we have to decide whether to be Good Samarit- Blessings are an essential dimension of prayer ans or indifferent bystanders” (Fra - telli Tutti, 69). Inclusion should be the “ro ck”on CONTINUED FROM PA G E 3 Maryknoll Sisters Ita Ford and SPECIAL GREETINGS Maura Clarke, Ursuline Sister which to build programmes and ini- I cordially greet the English- tiatives of civil institutions meant to word for the people who have the Dorothy Kazel, and volunteer Jean habit of cursing, people who always speaking faithful. On our Advent ensure that no one, especially those Donovan. On 2 December 1980, journey, may the light of Christ il- have a bad word, a curse, on their in greatest difficulty, is left behind. they were kidnapped, raped and as- lumine our paths and dispel all lips and in their hearts. Each of us The strength of a chain depends sassinated by a paramilitary group. darkness and fear from our hearts. upon the attention paid to its weak- can think: do I have this habit of They were serving in El Salvador Upon you and your families I in- est links. cursing like this? And ask the Lord within the context of the civil war. voke the joy and peace of our Lord As for ecclesial institutions, I reit- for the grace to change this habit With evangelical dedication, and at Jesus Christ. God bless you! because we have a blessed heart erate the need to make available great risk, they brought food and Lastly, as usual, my thoughts and curses cannot come out of a suitable and accessible means for medicine to the displaced and turn to the elderly, to young people, to handing on the faith. I also hope blessed heart. May the Lord teach helped the poorest families. These the sick and to newlyweds. I exhort that these can be made available to us never to curse, but to bless. women lived their faith with great everyone to experience this period those who need them, cost-free to Today is the 40th anniversary of generosity. They are an example for of preparation for Christmas with the extent possible, also through the the death of four North American everyone to become faithful mis- an attitude of watchfulness and new technologies that have proven missionaries killed in El Salvador: sionary disciples. generous search for God’s will. page 12 L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO Friday, 4 December 2020, number 49

ANGELUS

At the end of the Angelus on Sunday morning, 29 November, Pope Francis expressed his closeness to the people of Central America who were affected by the recent strong hurricanes. Earlier, he had reflected on the Gospel passage of the First Sunday in Advent. The following is a translation of the Holy Fa t h e r ’s words which he offered in Italian.

For the populations of Central America struck by hurricanes Pope Francis’ prayer on the First Sunday of Advent

Dear Brothers and Sisters, ity commemorates Jesus’ first of hope. And hope does not dis- May Mary Most Holy, woman Good Morning, coming in the historical moment appoint, that virtue that leads us of expectation, accompany our —; He will come at the end of ahead, looking at the encounter steps at the beginning of this new Today, the First Sunday of Ad- times as universal judge; He also with the Lord. vent, a new liturgical year begins. liturgical year, and help us to ful- In it, the Church marks the pas- comes a third time, in a third Advent is a continuous call to fil the task of Jesus’ disciples, in- sage of time with the celebration manner: He comes every day to hope: it reminds us that God is dicated by the Apostle Peter: And of the main events in Jesus’ life visit his people, to visit every present in history to lead it to its what is this task? To account for and the story of salvation. In so man and woman who receives ultimate goal, to lead it to its full- the hope that is in us (cf. 1 Pet doing, as Mother, she illuminates him in the Word, in the Sacra- ness, which is the Lord, the Lord 3:15). the path of our existence, sup- ments, in their brothers and sis- Jesus Christ. God is present in ports us in our daily affairs and ters. Jesus, the Bible tells us, is at the history of humanity, He is the After the Angelus the Holy Father guides us towards the final en- the door and knocks. Every day. “Go d-with-us”, God is not dis- continued: He is at the door to our heart. tant, he is always with us, to the counter with Christ. Today’s Dear brothers and sisters, I He knocks. Do you know how to extent that very often he knocks liturgy invites us to live the first would like to express again my listen to the Lord who knocks, on the door to our heart. God “important Season”, which is that closeness to the people of Central who has come today to visit you, walks beside us to support us. of Advent, the first of the liturgic- America, who were struck by who knocks at your heart rest- The Lord does not abandon us; al year, Advent, which prepares strong hurricanes. In particular I lessly, with an idea, with inspira- He accompanies us through the us for Christmas, and is therefore recall the Islands of San Andrés, a time of expectation, it is a time tion? He came to , he events of our lives to help us dis- Providencia and Santa Catalina, of hope. Expectation and hope. will come at the end of the cover the meaning of the journey world, but every day he comes to as well as the Pacific coast of the Saint Paul (cf. 1 Cor 1:3-9) in- the meaning of everyday life, to us. Be attentive, look at what you north of Colombia. I pray for all dicates the object of our expecta- give us courage when we are un- feel in your heart when the Lord the countries that are suffering tion. What is it? The “re v e a l i n g der duress or suffering. In the kno cks. due to these disasters. of our Lord” (v. 7). The Apostle midst of life’s storms, God always I renew my warm greeting to invites the Christians of Corinth, We are well aware that life is extends his hand to us and frees you, the faithful of Rome and pil- and we too, to focus our atten- made up of highs and lows, of us from threats. This is beautiful! grims from various countries. In tion on the encounter with Jesus. lights and shadows. Each one of In the book of Deuteronomy For a Christian the most import- us experiences moments of disap- there is a very beautiful passage, particular, I greet those who, un- ant thing is the continuous en- pointment, of failure and bewil- in which the Prophet says to the fortunately in very limited num- counter with the Lord, being with derment. Moreover, the situation people: “For what great nation is bers, have come on the occasion the Lord. And in this way, accus- we are living in, marked by the there that has a god so near to it of the creation of the new Car- tomed to staying with the Lord of pandemic, generates worry, fear as the Lord our God is to us?”. dinals, which took place yesterday life, we prepare ourselves for the and discouragement in many No-one, only we have this grace afternoon. Let us pray for the encounter, for being with the people; we run the risk of falling of having God close to us. We thirteen new members of the Col- Lord for eternity. And this defin- into pessimism, the risk of falling await God, we hope that he lege of Cardinals. itive encounter will come at the into closure and apathy. How manifests himself, but he too I wish you all a happy Sunday end of the world. However, the should we react in the face of all hopes that we manifest ourselves and a blessed Advent journey. Let Lord comes every day, so that, this? Today’s Psalm suggests: to him! us try to bring out the good even with his grace, we might accom- “Our soul waits for from the difficult situation that plish good in our own lives and the Lord: he is our the pandemic imposes upon us: in the lives of others. Our God is help and shield. Yes, greater sobriety, discreet and re- a God-who-comes, do not forget our heart is glad in spectful attention to our neigh- this: God is a God who comes, him, because we bours who may be in need, some who continually comes. He does trust in his holy prayer also within the family, with not disappoint our expectation. name” (Ps 33:20-21). simplicity. These three things will The Lord never disappoints. He That is, the soul help us greatly: greater sobriety, will perhaps make us wait, he will awaiting, confidently discreet and respectful attention make us wait a few moments in waiting for the Lord, to our neighbours who may be in the dark to allow our expectation allows us to find need, and, very importantly, some to ripen, but he never disap- comfort and courage moments of prayer within the points. The Lord always comes, in the dark moments family, with simplicity. Please, do He is always by our side. At of our lives. And not forget to pray for me. Enjoy times he does not make himself what gives rise to your lunch. Ar r i v e d e rc i . seen, but he always comes. He this courage and this came at a precise moment in his- trustful pledge? tory and became man to take on Where do they come our sins — the feast of the Nativ- from? They are born