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Souvenirs De Ma Vie Hongroise De Ma Vie Souvenirs Souvenirs De Ma Vie Hongroise Aurélien Sauvageot

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Souvenirs De Ma Vie Hongroise De Ma Vie Souvenirs Souvenirs De Ma Vie Hongroise Aurélien Sauvageot Aurélien Sauvageot Souvenirs de ma vie hongroise de ma vie Souvenirs Souvenirs de ma vie hongroise Aurélien Sauvageot Collège Eötvös József ELTE – Institut Français de Budapest 2013 Francia_borito.indd 1 2013.12.19. 18:13:19 Aurélien Sauvageot Souvenirs de ma vie hongroise Meghívó Projekt megnevezése Ünnepélyes alapkő letételére (MINTA) Ed quisi qui ut doluptur? Quisquas es nectiat emporib eaquam ad estiuntotas et alisquat ipis dolenih illacesciam ute rehenis venis sitasimendam quiae Intézményi vagy projektlogó helye veribusam esti ium aut as eliquis est odi blanis sectate molessimi, sequi ipsum Nemzeti Fejlesztési Ügynökség fuga. Ut dolut prorerspis aut aut enderum fuga. Tem. Saperum que into ducipsant www.ujszechenyiterv.gov.hu est et ex exceribus et imus et vellupiciis et voluptate nobis non et estiatem et 06 40 638 638 venis dicid et elestem perest volupta niet dolupta turesciis derror aut officillenis A projektek az európai Unió explam ime debis maximillam di doluptati aut dem. támogatásával valósulnak meg. TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0030 „Önálló lépések a tudomány területén” Édition réalisée grâce au programme d’aide à la publication (P.A.P.) Kosztolányi, et au soutien de l’Institut Français de Budapest. Aurélien Sauvageot Souvenirs de ma vie hongroise Collège Eötvös József ELTE – Institut Français de Budapest Budapest, 2013 Cette publication représente une version révisée des Souvenirs de ma vie hongroise d’Aurélien Sauvageot (parus chez Corvina en 1988). Ouvrage réalisé avec l’aide du logiciel de traitement de texte sémantique développé au sein du Collège Eötvös József ELTE, dans le cadre du concours TÁMOP (TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0030 „Önálló lépések a tudomány területén”). Responsable de l’édition : Dr. László Horváth directeur du Collège Eötvös József ELTE Rédactrice : Brigitta Vargyas Relecture : Arnaud Prêtre Mise en page : László Vidumánszki Imprimé en Hongrie par Komáromi Nyomda és Kiadó Kft. Directrice : Kovács Jánosné Conception graphique : Emese Egedi-Kovács Tous droits de traduction et de reproduction réservés : Collège Eötvös József ELTE. Table des Matières Préface (Jean-Robert Armogathe) ............................................ 9 Avant-propos........................................................................... 13 Prologue .................................................................................. 13 Un voyageur sans bagage ........................................................ 18 L’accueil .................................................................................. 22 Un royaume des revenants ...................................................... 29 Un mariage de raison .............................................................. 33 Au corps à corps avec la langue hongroise .............................. 37 Dans l’antichambre de la littérature hongroise ........................ 40 La hantise du passé ................................................................ 48 Acclimatation .......................................................................... 51 Pèlerinage viennois .................................................................. 61 Du côté des officiels ................................................................ 67 Petit à petit, l’oiseau fait son nid... ......................................... 76 Les visites préparées ............................................................... 94 Propos autour d’une table ..................................................... 102 Du côté des Français ............................................................ 109 La diplomatie française et la Hongrie ....................................115 La falsification des francs ...................................................... 122 En prospection ...................................................................... 127 Une première traduction.........................................................140 En mal de thèse .................................................................... 144 Excursion chez les aristocrates .............................................. 153 En remontant dans le temps ................................................. 163 Intermède littéraire ................................................................175 Excursion dans la campagne ..................................................181 Le poids de la terre ................................................................187 Les nouveaux venus .............................................................. 197 Un homme de l’Est ............................................................... 205 Nouvel épisode de la bataille du hongrois.............................. 209 Une entreprise téméraire ........................................................219 Dîner chez un mécène ........................................................... 234 Gens et rencontres ................................................................ 239 Les images hongroises de la France ...................................... 259 Éclectisme ..............................................................................274 La Légation de France .......................................................... 279 Propagande ........................................................................... 288 Les parentés choisies ............................................................. 304 Lueurs à l’horizon ..................................................................311 Autour d’une chaire de hongrois ........................................... 325 Méditation ............................................................................. 329 Le bagage du retour .............................................................. 333 À la Gare de l’Est ................................................................. 335 En visite ................................................................................ 337 Conclusion ............................................................................. 345 Allocution de bienvenue (Jenő Kiss, 20 avril 1964) ............... 347 Postface (László Horváth et François Laquièze) ................... 349 9 Préface Un passeur est un étrange personnage : il passe sa vie entre les deux rives d’un fleuve, faisant glisser son bac le long d’un câble pour franchir quelques dizaines de mètres. Une existence apparemment tranquille, monotone, sans histoire. Mais que d’histoires cependant sont colportées à bord de son bac : vers lui déferlent, des deux rives, voyageurs et mar- chands, missionnaires et soldats, des peuples entiers s’engouffrent dans l’entonnoir de l’étroit passage. Mieux renseigné qu’aucun monarque sur ce qui se passe dans les royaumes les plus lointains, témoin muet de tous les passages, les transferts, les transports, translatio studiorum ou épidémie. Aurélien Sauvageot était un passeur : des mondes entiers ont convergé vers lui et se sont rencontrés, bousculés, pour être retrans- mis et passer vers d’autres cerveaux, passeur de langues, passeur de cultures, passeur de temps, passeur des mondes. Il y avait été préparé : il vécut d’abord quatorze ans à Constantinople, où son père, architecte, était un des conseillers étrangers du « sul- tan rouge », Abdul Hamid (1842-1918), et, après sa déposition en 1909, de son successeur Mehmet V (1844-1918) – on parlait français à la maison, mais il allait au Collège britannique de Péra, et, surtout, il apprit très vite à parler grec et turc. À son arrivée, à 14 ans, à la rentrée 1911, au Lycée Henri-IV, à Paris, maniant quatre langues, il est inscrit en section d’allemand. Il a raconté1 comment son pro- fesseur, Adolphe Schnurr, lui fit découvrir la Tétralogie de Wagner, il fut séduit par Wagner et attiré par le monde scandinave : en pre- mière année de classes préparatoire (Lettres supérieures), il va écou- ter Paul Verrier (1860-1938), qui enseigne à la Sorbonne le suédois et le norvégien. Déjà soucieux de l’identité des peuples, ce garçon de dix-sept ans se passionne pour le combat linguistique soutenu par les Norvégiens, afin de substituer au dano-norvégien de la sujétion le néo-norvégien, nynorsk, de l’autonomie, pour transformer cet idiome paysan en une langue littéraire nationale. 1 Rencontre de l’Allemagne, Paris, 1947. 10 « Ainsi, des rives de la Méditerranée où il a vu le jour et passé son enfance, il est remonté toujours plus au Nord pour en arriver, lui qui parlait encore le turc et le grec avec les enfants de son âge, à vouloir se spécialiser dans le domaine absolument différent du scandinavisme »2. Présenté à la Société de linguistique de Paris par son professeur de Première supérieure, l’espérantiste Théophile Cart (1855-1931), qui en était le trésorier, il rencontre le tout-puissant Antoine Meillet (1866- 1936) : ancien professeur d’arménien aux Langues Orientales, direc- teur d’études pour le serbocroate à l’École Pratique des Hautes Études, professeur au Collège de France depuis 1910, Meillet introduisit en France l’étude des langues baltes et créa un centre d’études litua- niennes, comprenant, disaient ses détracteurs, tous les idiomes, même ceux qu’il ne connaissait pas ! Il est conquis par ce jeune homme enthousiaste et doué, et le fait admettre, à vingt ans, à la Société de linguistique. La mort des suites d’une blessure de guerre de Robert Gauthiot (septembre 1916), que Meillet destinait à une chaire d’études finno-ougriennes aux Langues orientales, précipite le destin de Sauvageot, qui intègre l’École Normale Supérieure pour préparer l’agrégation d’allemand. En octobre 1918, Ernest Lavisse, directeur de l’École Normale, envoie le
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