Governmental Intervention in Foreign Trade in Archaic and Classical Greece Mnemosyne

Governmental Intervention in Foreign Trade in Archaic and Classical Greece Mnemosyne Supplements History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity Edited by Susan E. Alcock, Brown University Thomas Harrison, Liverpool Willem M. Jongman, Groningen H.S. Versnel, Leiden VOLUME 312 Governmental Intervention in Foreign Trade in Archaic and Classical Greece By Errietta M.A. Bissa LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bissa, Errietta M. A. Governmental intervention in foreign trade in archaic and classical Greece / by Errietta M.A. Bissa. p. cm. – (History and archaeology of classical antiquity 312) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17504-4 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Greece–Commerce–History. 2. Greece–Economic policy. I. Title. II. Series. HF375.B57 2009 382'.30938–dc22 2009015839 ISSN 0169-8958 ISBN 978 90 04 17504 4 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands ες μνμην Αμαλ ας Γ. Μπ σσα (–) CONTENTS ListofTables........................................................... ix Acknowledgements.................................................... xi Abbreviations.......................................................... xiii Author’sNote .......................................................... xv Introduction ........................................................... 1 PART 1 GOLD AND SILVER GoldandSilver:Prolegomena......................................... 29 .TheExportersofGoldandSilver................................... 31 .TheAthenianSilverIndustry....................................... 49 .TheImportersofGoldandSilver................................... 67 GoldandSilver:ConcludingRemarks................................ 97 PART 2 TIMBER AND GRAIN Introduction ........................................................... 105 Timber:Prolegomena ................................................. 107 .TheExportersofTimber............................................ 111 .TimberforAthens .................................................. 117 .FleetsoutsideAthens................................................ 141 Timber:ConcludingRemarks......................................... 149 Grain:Prolegomena ................................................... 153 .TheExportersofGrain.............................................. 155 .GrainforAthens .................................................... 169 .GrainbeyondAthens ............................................... 193 Grain:ConcludingRemarks........................................... 207 Conclusion............................................................. 211 WorksCited............................................................ 237 Index................................................................... 253 LIST OF TABLES . MintersinAsiaMinor,sixthtofourthcenturies................. 68 . HoardswithLydiancoins......................................... 71 . HoardscontainingKyzikenecoins................................ 78 . Hoards with gold and electrum coins in Sicily and Magna Graecia............................................................. 82 . Silvermintersaccordingtototalunits ........................ 85 . Silvermintershoarddistribution................................. 91 . GreekcoinsfoundinhoardsinEgypt............................ 93 . Commonality of naupegoi namesperLGPNvolume............ 138 . Barley consumption of Attika according to population and dietvariables....................................................... 176 . Barley production of Attika according to land cultivation and yieldvariables,seedsubtracted................................... 176 . Combined variables for Attika using minima and maxima of dietandlandcultivationestimations............................. 176 . Barley consumption of Corinth according to population and dietvariables....................................................... 194 . Barley production of Corinth according to land cultivation andyieldvariables,seedsubtracted .............................. 194 . CombinedvariablesforCorinth.................................. 194 . Barley consumption of Megara according to population and dietvariables....................................................... 195 . Barley production of Megara according to land cultivation and yieldvariables,seedsubtracted................................... 195 . CombinedvariablesforMegara .................................. 195 . Barley consumption of Aigina according to population and dietvariables....................................................... 196 . Barley production of Aigina according to land cultivation and yieldvariables,seedsubtracted................................... 196 . CombinedvariablesforAigina................................... 196 . Barley consumption of Samos according to population and dietvariables....................................................... 198 x list of tables . Barley production of Samos according to land cultivation and yieldvariables,seedsubtracted................................... 198 . CombinedvariablesforSamos ................................... 198 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work is the result of an exploration into the Greek economy dis- guised as a PhD thesis at University College London between and . It and I are in debt to the people and institutions that made this exploration both possible and enjoyable. First and foremost, I owe an immeasurable debt to my supervisor, Professor Hans van Wees, for his willingness to listen, comment on and criticize ideas and arguments and, most of all, for his unstinting support and gentle encouragement throughout. I owe a debt of gratitude to Professor Simon Hornblower for his support, criticisms and patience during the four years of my doctorate. My profound thanks to Professor Dominic Rathbone and Professor Edward Harris for their comments, criticisms and suggestions. I would also like to thank Professor Mike Edwards for his comments on a draft of the grain chapters and Professor Michael Crawford for his gentle criticisms on an initial draft of the conclusion. Further, I would like to express my gratitude to the publisher’s reviewer for their helpful comments and suggestions. My profound thanks to Professor Fritz Graf for his guidance and teaching in my epigraphic forays. I would like to offer my humble thanks to the librarians and support personnel of the Institute of Classical Studies in London for providing a true home during my research. My thanks also to the personnel of the library of the British School at Athens, the library of the Techniko Epimeleterio in Athens and the library of the Greek Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration. I would also like to thank Dr. Maria Oikono- makou of the nd Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities for her response to my inquiries regarding the Thorikos bowl and Mr. Nikos Koupetoris for his answers regarding traditional boat-building. I owe a special debt to a number of Greek farmers who indulged me in remem- bering the conditions, crops and farming ways of modern Greece in the early th century, foremost among them my grandmother, Mrs. Areti Lalapanou. My profound thanks are owed to fellow-students and colleagues for their willingness to listen and comment on a number of papers in con- xii acknowledgements ferences and seminars during my research. I owe a great debt to Miss Charlotte Greenacre not only for her willingness to discuss any and all subjects regarding Greek trade but also for her comments and suggestions in the copy-editing of this book. Further, I would like to thank the History Department of University College London for its support during my research. I owe a debt of gratitude to my colleagues of the Classics Department in the University of Wales Lampeter for their unstinting support during the revision and publication of this work. I owe a very special thanks to the Classics graduates of the class of / in the University of Wales Lampeter, and particularly to Mr. Finlay Jones, for illuminating me on the difficulties faced by students with little or no Greek and suggesting simple and viable solutions to making this book more accessible to all students. Last, but most certainly not least, I owe the greatest debt to my family for their support, help and love throughout. As always, and rightly, all mistakes and miscomprehensions are my own. EB Lampeter, January ABBREVIATIONS Agora Bradeen, D.W. () The Athenian Agora: Results of Exca- vations Conducted by the American School of Classical Stud- ies at Athens. Vol. , Inscriptions: the Funerary Monuments, Princeton Agora Walbank, M.B., Lalonde, G.V. & Langdon, M.K. () The Athenian Agora: Results of Excavations Conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Vol. , Inscriptions: Horoi, Poletai Records, Leases of Public Lands, Princeton BMC Catalogue of the Greek Coins

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