Fungus-like Absorptive Protists ex. "molds"

According to the phylogeny presented in chapter 28, which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as land plants: green algae green and red algae dinoflagellates red algae

triploblastic animals lacking body cavity Acoelomate flatworms (trematodes)

Adaptations on terrestrial land cuticles on leaves

No competition Sunlight easily penetrates air (vs. water) Advantages of terrestrial habitat No diseases/herbivores(yet) CO2/gas exchange

Plant-like protist (Photosynthetic, autotrophic eukaryote that is not an Algae defn + examples embryophyte land plant) Lichen, dinoflagellates, nori seaweed, kelp, diatoms

All fungi are heterotrophic

Alternate between multicellular haploid Alternation of Generations and diploid forms

all land plants and some protists (esp. Alternation of Generations present in various algae)

Alveolates Have tiny air sacs beneath membrane Amoebozoans Thick, wide lobe-shaped pseudopodia

chytridae amphibian pathogen (mycosis): fungus with flagellated spores

amphioxus lancelets

Ancestor of Land Plants belonged to Green Algae (specifically charophytes)

Angiosperm reproduction flowers and fruits

Angiosperms flowering plants (ovules)

All share common ancestor Sponges basal/monophyletic Animal kingdom Eumetazoa = true tissue clade Most animals bilateria Three major clades: bilaterian, invertebrates, vertebrates

sexually Animal reprodution diploid stage predominant Haploid gametes, diploid zygote

multicellular heterotrophic Animals eukaryotic develop from embryonic layers No cell walls

segmented worms with closed Annelida circulatory systems hexapoda ants, beetles, flies, true bugs: segments = now 3 body region

Alveolate Parasites with complex life cycles - may require two hosts Apicomplexans Specialized tips (apex) allowing parasite to invade host cell Nonphotosynthetic plastid

1. Infected mosquito bites person, injecting Plasmodium sporozoites in its saliva 2. Sporozoites enter liver cells; undergo multiple divisions to become merozoites that can penetrate red blood cells 3. Morozoites divide asexually inside RBC; break out causing chills and fever; infect other RBCs Apicomplex Life Cycle 4. Some merozoites form gametocytes 5. Different mosquite bites person, infected with gametocytes 6. Mosquito forms more infected gametophytes and fertilize 7. Oocyst forms, bursts in mosquito gut, infect mosquito bites archaean extremophile adapted to live Thermus aquaticus in very hot geothermal springs

Arthropods jointed appendages

saclike structures; produce spores Asci Ascomycetes

Most abundant Ascomycetes Sexual spores borne internally insacs Also produce asexual spores

Diverse habitats ascomycetes "sac fungi" produce spores in fruiting bodies

Elaborate fruiting body containing many Basidiomycetes basidia that produce sexual spores

have short diploid life stage Basidiomycetes "club fungi" spores in gills gastropod molluscs torsion visceral mass rotates during development resulting in anus above head and asymmetry

Parabasalid Trichomonas Vaginalis STD in urinary and reproductive tracts Antibiotics kill bacteria, protists "explode"

Triploblastic Three germ layers

Trochophore larva life stage for annelids, molluscs, etcl

actinopterygii; osteichthyes trout, salmon: ray-finned bony fishes

Kinetoplastid (Euglenozoan) Causes sleeping sickness and Chagas' disease Trypanosoma Proteins on surface constantly changing to avoid attention from immune system.

urochordata tunicates: "sea squirt" suspension feeder

sessile filter feeder tunicates chordate characteristics in brief larval stage

nucleariids unicellular amoeboid protists: closest relatives to fungi

93% of plant species vessels transport: Vascular plants 1. water, nutrients (up - roots to leaves) 2. food (down - leaves to roots) system of tubes for transport and Vascular plant tissue support Allow plants to grow taller

molluscs Visceral mass contains internal organs

Where are megasporangium located in Within an ovule contained within an angiosperm ovary of a flower

Which group is incorrectly paired with its description: Diatoms - important producers in aquatic communities Red algae - eukaryotes that acquired Red algae - eukaryotes that acquired plastids by secondary endosymbiosis Apicomlexans - unicellular parasites with intricate life cycles plastids by secondary endosymbiosis Diplomonads - unicellular eukaryotes with modified mitochondria

Xylem Conducts water and minerals UP

Zooplankton Hetertrophic - consume energy

Resistant zygosporangium as sexual stage Hyphae grow rapidly on foods Zygomycetes Decomposers of foods, parasites, or neutral (commensal) symbionts

zygomycetes "zygote fungi" Decomposers, parasites, commensalists

resistant, inactive heterokaryotic life zygosporangium stage

becomes sporophyte embryo with 1-2 Zygote (angiosperm) seed leaves zygomycota "zygote fungi": resistant heterocaryotic life stage