DOCSLIB.ORG

Central Yunnan Roads Development Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Central Yunnan Roads Development Project Ethnic Minorities Development Plan Ethnic Minorities Development Plan Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 36455 May 2007 PRC: Central Yunnan Roads Development Project Prepared by Yunnan Provincial Communications Department for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The ethnic minorities development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. DRAFT ETHNIC MINORITIES DEVELOPMENT PLAN Central Yunnan Roads Development Project May 2007 Yunnan Provincial Communications Department The ethnic minorities development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Endorsement of the Ethnic Minorities Development Plan Yunnan Provincial Communications Department (YPCD), through the Central Government, has requested a loan from ADB to finance part of the Central Yunnan Roads Development Project. This Ethnic Minorities Development Plan (EMDP) represents a key requirement of ADB and will constitute the basis for ensuring the equitable sharing of project benefits and specifying required mitigation measures to address the adverse efforts for the ethnic minorities in the project area. The EMDP complies with PRC laws and local regulations but includes some additional enhancement measures and implementation and monitoring arrangements. YPCD hereby endorses the contents of the attached EMDP and ensures that funds will be made available as stipulated in the budget. YPCD has discussed the EMDP with relevant local officials and has obtained their concurrence. Approved on 27 April 2007 Director, YPCD i TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. BACKGROUND 2 A. Project Description 2 B. Legal Framework 2 1. Government Policies, Plans, and Programs on Ethnic Minorities 2 2. ADB Indigenous People’s Policy 3 C. Poverty Reduction and Development 3 III. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE PROJECT AREA 7 A. Population and Location 7 B. Main Ethnic Groups 7 1. Yi 8 2. Bai 8 3. Hani 8 4. Dai 9 5. Miao 9 6. Lisu 9 7. Hui 9 C. Socioeconomic Characteristics of Minority Communities in PA 10 1. Poverty 10 2. Household Size 10 3. Income Pattern 11 4. Landholding 12 5. Education and Income Generation Skill 13 6. Economic Geography Categories 17 D. Comparative Vulnerable Groups 17 E. Target Areas and EMs groups 18 IV. ISSUES 19 A. HIV/AIDS and STIs Issues 19 B. Gender aspects 21 V. STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION 24 A. Perceived Project Benefits 24 1. Agricultural Produce 25 2. Migrant labor 26 3. Promoting Off-farming Business 28 4. Benefits for Social Services 29 VI. ETHNIC MINORITY ACTION PLAN 30 A. Project Benefit and Enhancement Measures 30 1. Project Benefits 30 2. Enhancement Measures 31 B. Project Impact and Mitigation Measures 31 1. Land Acquisition and House Demolition 32 2. HIV/AIDS and other transmissible Disease 32 3. Human and drug trafficking 33 4. Community Disturbance during project construction 33 C. Complementary Poverty Reduction Measures 34 ii D. Consultation and Disclosure 35 E. Implementation Arrangements and Funding 35 F. EMDP Monitoring and Evaluation 36 1. Implementation Agencies 36 2. Monitoring and Reporting 36 Annex 1 – Terms of Reference for the EMDP External Monitor iii LIST OF TABLES TABLE 3.1 ETHNIC MINORITY POPULATION IN PROJECT AREA ...........................................................7 TABLE 3.2 POVERTY INCIDENCE AND MINORITY DISTRIBUTION IN PA AND YUNNAN ..........................10 TABLE 3.3 HOUSEHOLD SIZE..........................................................................................................10 TABLE 3.4 PERCENTAGE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD BY MALE AND FEMALE.......................................11 TABLE 3.5 HOUSEHOLD GROSS INCOME BY NATIONALITY GROUPS .................................................11 TABLE 3.6: HOUSEHOLD INCOME PATTERN AMONGST MINORITY GROUPS IN THE PROJECT AREA.....11 FIGURE 3.1 INCOME PATTERN AMONGST SURVEYED HOUSEHOLDS BY ETHNIC GROUPS .................12 TABLE 3.7 HOUSEHOLD LANDHOLDING DIFFERENTIALS AMONGST MINORITY GROUPS IN THE PA .....13 FIGURE 3.2 AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD LANDHOLDING BY NATIONALITY GROUPS ..................................13 TABLE 3.8 AVERAGE EDUCATION YEAR OF HH MEMBER .................................................................13 TABLE 3.9 YEARS OF EDUCATION OF ADULTS BY NATIONALITY GROUPS..........................................14 TABLE 3.10 NUMBER OF MEMBERS WITH SPECIAL OFF-FARMING SKILLS IN HH ...............................14 TABLE 3.11 ECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS AMONGST MINORITY GROUPS IN THE PROJECT AREA .........15 FIGURE 3.3 HOUSEHOLD GROSS INCOME BY NATIONALITY GROUPS................................................15 FIGURE 3.4 AVERAGE EDUCATION YEARS OF HOUSEHOLD ADULT MEMBER ....................................15 FIGURE 3.5 HOUSEHOLD INCOME VS EDUCATION............................................................................16 FIGURE 3.6 HOUSEHOLD INCOME VS HOUSEHOLD LANDHOLDING....................................................16 TABLE 3.12 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VILLAGE FOUND IN THE PROJECT AREA ...........................15 TABLE 4.1 KNOWLEDGE ON HIV/AIDS AMONG SURVEYED HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS ............................19 TABLE 4.2 POSSIBLE APPROACHES TO ADAPT EXPERIENCE FROM BAOLONG TA .............................20 TABLE 4.3 EDUCATION LEVEL OF WORKING AGE BY GENDER..........................................................21 TABLE 4.4 OFF-FARMING INCOME GENERATION SKILLS BY GENDER ................................................21 TABLE 4.5 GENDER LABOR DIVISION ..............................................................................................22 TABLE 4.6 GENDER DISAGGREGATED DATA ON DECISION MAKING..................................................22 TABLE 5.1 VILLAGERS’ PRIORITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT...................................................................24 TABLE 5.2 HOUSEHOLDS COULD PRODUCE GREATER YIELDS IN THE CONDITION OF:.......................26 TABLE 5.3 LONG TERM MIGRANT LABOR BY SOCIAL GROUPS .........................................................26 TABLE 5.4 SHORT TERM MIGRANT LABORS IN THE PROJECT AREA..................................................27 TABLE 5.5 LONG TERM MIGRANT LABOR OF SELECTED COUNTIES IN THE PROJECT AREA ...............27 TABLE 5.6 HOUSEHOLDS WITH OWN OFF-FARMING LOCAL BUSINESS ..............................................28 TABLE 5.7 NUMBER OF MEMBERS WITH SPECIAL OFF-FARMING SKILLS IN HH .................................28 TABLE 6.1 POTENTIAL BENEFITS IDENTIFIED BY VILLAGERS IN THE PROJECT AREA..........................30 TABLE 6.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS IDENTIFIED BY VILLAGERS IN THE PROJECT AREA ...........................31 TABLE 6.3 SUMMARY OF EMDP 2007–2010 ..................................................................................37 iv ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ACWF – All China Women’s Federation BP – Bank Procedures CDC – Center for Disease Control DPA – Direct Project Area EMDP – Ethnic Minorities Development Plan FGD – Focus Group Discussion GDP – Gross Domestic Product HIV/AIDS – Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. IDU – Intravenous Drug Users IPA – Indirect project area km – Kilometer MIS – Management Information System M&E – Monitoring and Evaluation NGO – Non-governmental Organization OP – Operational Manual PA – Project Area PADO – Poverty Alleviation and Development Office PEC – Project Execute Company YEAC – Yunnan Ethnic Minority Affaires Committee PRA – Participatory Rural Appraisal PRC – People’s Republic of China STI – Sexually Transmitted Infection WDS – Western Development Strategy WF – Women’s Federation YPG – Yunnan Provincial Government I. INTRODUCTION 1. This ethnic minorities development plan (EMDP) has been prepared to ensure the equitable sharing of project benefits and to specify required mitigation measures to address adverse effects for ethnic minorities1 in the Project area (PA) of the Central Yunnan Roads Development Project (the Project) in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Adequate measures to enhance the economic conditions of vulnerable groups, including ethnic minorities have been integrated in Project design. Provisions for special mitigation measures have been included in the resettlement plan, which will help ensure that vulnerable groups, including ethnic minorities adversely affected by resettlement will also benefit from the project. Current government policies and programs for minority nationalities further help to protect and enhance project benefits to ethnic minority groups. The EMDP synthesizes information from these various sources to form a stand-alone document, which ensures compliance to Asian Development Bank (ADB) Policy on Indigenous Peoples. 1 Ethnic minority groups refers to those groups that are different from the majority ethnic group—the Han. 2 II. BACKGROUND A. Project Description 2. The proposed Expressway connects to the ending point of the ongoing Yuanmou- Wuding Expressway in Wuding County of Chuxiong Yi Minority Autonomous Prefecture, and passes through Fumin County and Wuhua District of Kunming Municipality, linking with Kunming Northwest Ring Road before entering Kunming City. The expressway is 64.7km long and with 4.2km of connector roads. The Project will also include upgrading 190km of local roads in Wuding, Fumin, Xishan and Wuhua counties/districts and expansion of four township passenger centers in Wuding, Fumin,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • No.9 Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter June 1990
    [Last updated: 28 April 1992] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- No.9 Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter June 1990 This NEWSLETTER is edited by Gehan Wijeyewardene and published in the Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific Studies; printed at Central Printery; the masthead is by Susan Wigham of Graphic Design (all of The Australian National University ).The logo is from a water colour , 'Tai women fishing' by Kang Huo Material in this NEWSLETTER may be freely reproduced with due acknowledgement. Correspondence is welcome and contributions will be given sympathetic consideration. (All correspondence to The Editor, Department of Anthropology, RSPacS, ANU, Box 4 GPO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.) Number Nine June 1990 ISSN 1032-500X The International Conference on Thai Studies, Kunming 1990 There was some question, in the post Tien An Men period, as to whether the conference would proceed. In January over forty members of Thammasart University faculty issued an open letter to the organizers, which in part read, A meeting in China at present would mean a tacit acceptance of the measures taken by the state, unless there will be an open critical review. Many north American colleagues privately expressed similar views. This Newsletter has made its views on Tien An Men quite clear, and we can sympathize with the position taken by our colleagues. Nevertheless, there seems to be some selectivity of outrage, when no word of protest was heard from some quarters about the continuing support given by the Chinese government to the murderous Khmer Rouge. This does not apply to the Thai academic community, sections of which were in the vanguard of the movement to reconsider Thai government policy on this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    StudyontheInteractionoftheSinicizationofChristianityand theReconstructionofCrossＧborderEthnicMinoritiesƳCulturesinYunnan〔１〕 ZhiyingGAOandDongleiWANG (YunnanUniversityandYunnanUniversityofFinanceandEconomics,Kunming,YunnanProvince,P．R．China) Abstract :TheSinicizationofChristianity,whichisthedevelopingstrategyandpracticeto makeChristianityadaptto Chineseculture．ItcorrespondstotheChristianizationofChineseethnic minoritypeoplewhobelievedinChristianity． Fromtheperspectiveofculturalinteraction,borrowingandblending,thestudyexploresthe motivation,processand characteristicsoftheinteractivedevelopmentbetweenthelocalizationandcontextualizationofChristianityin Yunnan ethnicminorities ‘areasandtheChristianizationofethnic minorities’culturesbyhistoricalcombingandsynchronic comparison．Mostly between Christianity and ethnic minoritiesƳ traditional cultures had experienced from the estrangement,andcoexistedwitheachotherandblendingprocess,andfinishedtheChristianfrom “in”tothetransitionof “again”,soastorealizetheSinicizationalcharacteristicsoftheregional,national,butalsomaketheborderethniccultural reconstruct． KeyWords :Yunnanethnicminorities;Sinicization;Christianization;Interactivedevelopment Author :GaoZhiying,Professor,PhD,CenterforStudiesofChineseSouthwestƳsBorderlandEthnicMinoritiesofYunnan University．Tel:１３８８８０７２２２９Email:２２９６０５４８９１＠qq．com WangDonglei,ViceProfessor,PhD,SchoolofInternational LanguagesandCulturesofYunnanUniversityofFinanceandEconomics．Tel:１５８８７０１５５８０Email:１６０９７６６８７８＠qq．com Ⅰ．TheOriginoftheTopic JustasZhuoXinpingsaid,ItisnecessaryforforeignreligionssuchasBuddhism,Christianity
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTHERN LISU DICTIONARY Qaaaqrc Qbq[D @^J Hell Ebll Ell
    STEDT Monograph Series, No. 4 James A. Matisoff, general editor SOUTHERN LISU DICTIONARY QaaaqRc Qbq[d @^j Hell Ebll ell David Bradley with Edward Reginald Hope, James Fish and Maya Bradley Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Project Center for Southeast Asia Studies University of California, Berkeley 2006 © 2005 David Bradley All Rights Reserved ISBN 0-944613-43-8 Volume #4 in the STEDT Monograph Series Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Project <http://stedt.berkeley.edu/> Department of Linguistics research unit in International and Area Studies University of California, Berkeley Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Monograph Series General Editor JAMES A. MATISOFF University of California, Berkeley Previous Titles in the STEDT Monograph Series: STEDT MONOGRAPH NO. 1A: Bibliography of the International Conferences on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics I-XXV (second edition) STEDT MONOGRAPH NO. 2: Annotated Directory of Tibeto-Burman Languages and Dialects (revised) STEDT MONOGRAPH NO. 3: Phonological Inventories of Tibeto- Burman Languages Author’s Dedication: for my Lisu friends CONTENTS Series Editor’s Introduction vii Introduction xv The Lisu xv Lisu Phonology xviii Lisu Orthographies xxv Lisu Syntax xxviii Acknowledgements xxix References xxxi Hel Bck Ubl (Lisu Introduction) xxxiii List of Abbreviations xxxiv @ b 1 @\ bj 14 A p 17 A\ pj 31 B pæ 33 B\ pæj 42 C d 45 D t 56 E tæ 70 F g 80 G k 87 H kæ 101 I dÔ 112 J tΔ 121 K tΔæ 133 L dz 146 M ts 155 N tsæ 163 O m 173 O\ mj 194 P n 198
    [Show full text]
  • Social Reproduction and Migrant Education: a Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Burmese Students’ Learning Experiences at a Border High School in China
    Department of Linguistics Faculty of Human Sciences Social Reproduction and Migrant Education: A Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Burmese Students’ Learning Experiences at a Border High School in China By Jia Li (李佳) This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2016 i Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ viii Statement of Candidate ................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... xi List of Figures .............................................................................................................. xvi List of Tables .............................................................................................................. xvii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................xviii Glossary of Burmese and Chinese terms ..................................................................... xix Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research problem ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Introducing the research context at the China-and-Myanmar border ................... 4 1.3 China’s rise and Chinese language
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Local Theology of the Chin (Zomi) of the Assemblies of God (Ag) in Myanmar: a Case Study in Contextualization
    DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL THEOLOGY OF THE CHIN (ZOMI) OF THE ASSEMBLIES OF GOD (AG) IN MYANMAR: A CASE STUDY IN CONTEXTUALIZATION BY DENISE ROSS A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM January 2019 This thesis is dedicated firstly to my loving parents Albert and Hilda Ross from whom I got the work ethic required to complete this research. Secondly, I dedicate it to the Chin people who were generous in telling me their stories, so I offer this completed research as a reflection for even greater understanding and growth. Acknowledgements This thesis took many years to produce, and I would like to acknowledge and thank everyone who encouraged and supported me throughout the often painful process. I would like to thank Edmond Tang for his tremendous supervision for several years. He challenged me, above all else, to think. I can never acknowledge or thank him sufficiently for the time and sacrifice he has invested. I would like to thank my supervisor Allan Anderson, who has been so patient and supportive throughout the whole process. I would like to acknowledge him as a pillar of Pentecostal research within the University of Birmingham, UK which has made it an international centre of excellence. It was his own research on contextual theology, especially in mission contexts, which inspired this research. I acknowledge the Chin interviewees and former classmates who willingly shared their time and expertise and their spiritual lives with me. They were so grateful that I chose their people group, so I offer this research back to them, in gratitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau
    IPP740 REV World Bank-financed Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Yunnan Highway Assets Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau July 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized EMDP of the Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Summary of the EMDP A. Introduction 1. According to the Feasibility Study Report and RF, the Project involves neither land acquisition nor house demolition, and involves temporary land occupation only. This report aims to strengthen the development of ethnic minorities in the project area, and includes mitigation and benefit enhancing measures, and funding sources. The project area involves a number of ethnic minorities, including Yi, Hani and Lisu. B. Socioeconomic profile of ethnic minorities 2. Poverty and income: The Project involves 16 cities/prefectures in Yunnan Province. In 2013, there were 6.61 million poor population in Yunnan Province, which accounting for 17.54% of total population. In 2013, the per capita net income of rural residents in Yunnan Province was 6,141 yuan. 3. Gender Heads of households are usually men, reflecting the superior status of men. Both men and women do farm work, where men usually do more physically demanding farm work, such as fertilization, cultivation, pesticide application, watering, harvesting and transport, while women usually do housework or less physically demanding farm work, such as washing clothes, cooking, taking care of old people and children, feeding livestock, and field management. In Lijiang and Dali, Bai and Naxi women also do physically demanding labor, which is related to ethnic customs. Means of production are usually purchased by men, while daily necessities usually by women.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lawu Languages
    The Lawu languages: footprints along the Red River valley corridor Andrew Hsiu ([email protected]) https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/ Center for Research in Computational Linguistics (CRCL), Bangkok, Thailand Draft published on December 30, 2017; revised on January 8, 2018 Abstract In this paper, Lawu (Yang 2012) and Awu (Lu & Lu 2011) are shown to be two geographically disjunct but related languages in Yunnan, China forming a previously unidentified sub-branch of Loloish (Ngwi). Both languages are located along the southwestern banks of the Red River. Additionally, Lewu, an extinct language in Jingdong County, may be related to Lawu, but this is far from certain due to the limited data. The possible genetic position of the unclassified Alu language in Lüchun County is also discussed, and my preliminary analysis of the highly limited Alu data shows that it is likely not a Lawu language. The Lawu (alternatively Lawoid or Lawoish) branch cannot be classified within any other known branch or subgroup or Loloish, and is tentatively considered to be an independent branch of Loloish. Further research on Lawu languages and surrounding under-documented languages would be highly promising, especially on various unidentified languages of Jinping County, southern Yunnan. Table of contents Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Lawu 3. Awu 4. Lewu Yao: a possible relative of Lawu 5. Alu: a Lalo language rather than a Lawu language 6. Conclusions 7. Final remarks: suggestions for future research References Appendix 1: Comparative word list of Awu, Lawu, and Proto-Lalo Appendix 2: Phrase list of Lewu Yao Appendix 3: Comparative word list of Yi lects of Lüchun County 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Trilingual Literacy for Ethnic Groups in China a Case Study of Hani People in Yuanyang County of Yunnan
    www.ccsenet.org/elt English Language Teaching Vol. 4, No. 4; December 2011 Trilingual Literacy for Ethnic Groups in China A case study of Hani People in Yuanyang County of Yunnan Yuanbing Duan School of Arts and Science, Yunnan Radio and TV University, Kunming, 650223, China Tel: 86-871-588-6817 E-mail: [email protected] Received: May 23, 2011 Accepted: June 13, 2011 Published: December 1, 2011 doi:10.5539/elt.v4n4p274 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v4n4p274 Abstract This paper examines the current trilingual literacy situation of Hani People in Yuanyang County of Yunnan, China, with significance of finding out specific problems which influence the trilingual education greatly. It also reports on the effects of training for trilingual teachers, ways of improving learner’s motivation and updating the trilingual education materials. Lastly, several possible solutions are provided for successful minority education. Keywords: Trilingual literacy, Trilingual education, Minority education 1. Introduction This paper will discuss one part of school literacy in China, to be specific, how do ethnic groups start learning English, their difficulties and problems in current situation, and suggested solutions are provided for guiding students’ literacy success. With the reform and open policy carried out in 1978, education in China has gained its growing concern; more and more people have had the consciousness of being literate. However, literacy means two different levels in countryside and in cities. In rural countryside, to complete middle school education owns the opportunity of attaining stable job to meet local demand, education at this level simply means having the ability to read and write; while in the big cities, pursuing higher degree, university education or post graduate education, highlight the functional meaning of literacy; being ‘knowledgeable’ at this high level requires the ability to read between lines and write academically.
    [Show full text]
  • Conspiracy, God's Plan and National Emergency
    CHAPTER EIGHT Conspiracy, God’s Plan and National Emergency Kachin Popular Analyses of the Ceasefire Era and its Resource Grabs Laur Kiik Introduction isiting Yangon in 2014, I noticed some well-meaning locals refer to the dragging Kachin military-political impasse by stat- ing: ‘The Kachins are being too stubborn, too emotional now’. OtherV observers find such talk belittling. They respond by emphasising how ‘The Kachins merely demand that Myanmar begin genuine political dialogue on federalism’ and ‘are thus correct in refusing simply to sign a new ceasefire’. This oscillation between explaining the Kachin impasse either through collective emotional trauma or through formal political discourse misses what Mandy Sadan identified in her monograph on Kachin histories as ‘social worlds beyond’.1 As this chapter tries to show, these are diverse, contradictory, and ambitious social worlds that people live within. They cannot be encapsulated by inaccurate and homogenis- ing expressions like ‘the Kachins’, ‘are emotional’, or ‘want federalism’. It is the argument of this chapter that the way people in these worlds understand their ceasefire experiences to express ethno-national emergency, divine predestination, and ethnocidal conspiracy influences directly their contemporary responses to ceasefire politics. 1. Mandy Sadan, Being and Becoming Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Border- worlds of Burma (Oxford: The British Academy and Oxford University Press, 2013), 455–60. 205 War and Peace in the Borderlands of Myanmar Figure 8.1: Many Kachin patriots are working for a future Kachin national modernity – a homeland yet-to-be (photo Hpauyam Awng Di). Many chapters in this volume refer to a hardening of Kachin na- tionalist rhetoric in recent years, in particular the chapters by Mahkaw Hkun Sa, Nhkum Bu Lu, Jenny Hedström, and Hkanhpa Tu Sadan.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the History of the Yi, Part II
    MODERNHarrell, Li CHINA/ HISTORY / JULY OF 2003THE YI, PART II REVIEW10.1177/0097700403253359 Review Essay The History of the History of the Yi, Part II STEVAN HARRELL LI YONGXIANG University of Washington MINORITY ETHNIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE 1980S AND 1990S The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is, according to its constitution, “a unified country of diverse nationalities” (tongyide duominzu guojia; see Wang Guodong, 1982: 9). The degree to which this admirable political ideal has actually been respected has varied throughout the history of the PRC: taken seriously in the early and mid-1950s, it was systematically ignored dur- ing the twenty years of High Socialism from the late 1950s to the early 1980s and then revived again with the Opening and Reform policies of the past two decades (Heberer, 1989: 23-29). The presence of minority “autonomous” ter- ritories, preferential policies in school admissions, and birth quotas (Sautman, 1998) and the extraordinary emphasis on developing “socialist” versions of minority visual and performing arts (Litzinger, 2000; Schein, 2000; Oakes, 1998) all testify to serious attention to multinationalism in the cultural and administrative realms, even if minority culture is promoted in a homogenized socialist version and even if everybody knows that “autono- mous” territories are far less autonomous, for example, than an American state or a Swiss canton. But although the party state now preaches multinationalism and allows limited expression of ethnonational autonomy, it also preaches and promotes progress—and thus runs straight into a paradox: progress is defined in objectivist, modernist terms, which relegate minority cultures to a more MODERN CHINA, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Hnewo Teyy – Posvátná Kniha Nuosuů
    Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze HNEWO TEYY – POSVÁTNÁ KNIHA NUOSUŮ Vypracovala: Nina Vozková, obor SIN Vedoucí práce: Doc. PhDr. Olga Lomová, CSc. Nina Vozková Hnewo Teyy – posvátná kniha Nuosuů Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně a že seznam použité literatury je kompletní. V Praze 28.4. 2006 Nina Vozková 1 Nina Vozková Hnewo Teyy – posvátná kniha Nuosuů Mé díky patří především vedoucí práce Doc. PhDr. Olze Lomové, která mi poskytla plnou podporu při výběru tématu a posléze se mnou pečlivě každou část práce konzultovala. Děkuji profesoru Luo Qingchunovi za jeho neúnavnou ochotu a pomoc při překladu, mému bratru za pomoc s ediční úpravou, sestře a paní Miroslavě Jirkové za korekturu. Děkuji také Hlávkově nadaci, která přispěla finančním příspěvkem na mou první cestu do Číny v letech 1998 až 1999. Rodiče mě trpělivě podporovali po celou dobu studia a i jim jsem za všechnu pomoc ze srdce vděčná. 2 Nina Vozková Hnewo Teyy – posvátná kniha Nuosuů OBSAH ENGLISH ABSTRACT ................................................................................................5 I. ÚVOD.........................................................................................................................6 Transkripce............................................................................................................................ 8 Literatura a další zdroje......................................................................................................... 8 II. KLASIFIKACE NÁRODNOSTÍ PO VZNIKU ČLR............................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Minority Development Plan
    ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN April 2010 Yunnan Provincial Department of Transportation (YPDOT) i CONTENTS DEFINITION OF TERMS 1 SUMMARY EMDP 2 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 5 2 EMDP JUSTIFICATION AND OBJECTIVES 5 2.1 Justification for the EMDP 5 2.2 EMDP Objectives 6 3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 6 3.1 Government Policies on Ethnic Minorities 6 3.2 ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement and Indigenous People’s Principles 7 4 ETHNIC MINORITY PROFILE 8 4.1 The EMDP Area 8 4.2 Ethnic Minority Groups and Their Cultural Traits 8 4.2.1 Dai Group 9 4.2.2 Jingpo 11 4.2.3 De'ang 12 4.2.4 Lisu 13 4.2.5 A'chang 14 4.3 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Ethnic Minority Groups 15 4.3.1 Poverty and Landholding 15 4.3.2 Road Accessibility 17 4.3.3 Non-farm Skills and Migrants 18 4.3.4 Education and Literacy 19 4.3.5 Access to Other Social and Economic Services 20 4.4 Gender Profile 20 4.4.1 Education and Non-farm Skills 20 4.4.2 Decision Making by Gender 21 4.5 Target of this EMDP 21 5. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 22 5.1 Stakeholder Analysis and Consultation 22 5.1.1 Stakeholder Analysis 22 5.1.2 Stakeholder Consultation and Information Disclosure 23 5.1.3 Summary of Key Findings of the Stakeholder Consultation 28 5.1.4 Attitudes of the Affected Minorities Toward the Project 29 5.2 Existing and Future Management Measures 29 5.2.1 Government Management Measures 29 5.2.2 NGO Management Measures 34 5.2.3 Programs in Northern Myanmar 34 5.3 Key Findings of the Social Impact Assessment 34 5.3.1 Direct Benefits 37 5.3.2 Indirect Positive Impacts 38 i 5.3.3 Negative Impacts 39
    [Show full text]