© in This Web Service Cambridge University

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

© in This Web Service Cambridge University Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86322-3 - The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture Edited by Kam Louie Index More information Index Abbas, Ackbar, 310 Asian Games (1962, Indonesia), 351 abstract inheritance method, 11, 17 Asian values, 17, 151 academic research & debates Asiatic mode of production, 57–9 Chinese culture, 3 assimilation Christianity, 193 China’s peoples, 92, 95, 102, 109, 111–12 gender, 68, 71, 77, 80–2, 83 diaspora cultures, 116, 119–20, 122–3, 129, historiography, 58–61, 63–5 131 literature, 246 Australasia socialism, 193 art, 272 sociopolitical history, 38–9, 43 Chinatowns, 10 advertising, 322, 326–8 diaspora culture, 116–17, 122–4, 127–31 agriculture, 20–1, 40–1, 43, 57, 76, 159, 162, economic development, 108 166–7, 283 migrant society, 10, 16, 96 Ah Long, 223 sports, 347, 349 Air China, 323 Austro-Asiatic languages, 95, 201 Alitto, Guy, 143 Austronesian languages, 201 All China Resistance Association of Writers autonomous areas, 92–7, 99–102, 108 and Artists, 227 avant-garde All China Women’s Federation, 71, 75, 77, art, 291 80–3, 85 literature, 247–50, 251–2 Altaic languages, 201 anarchism, 27, 39, 156–63, 166 Ba Jin, 220–1 ancestor veneration, 173, 176–7, 182–3, 189 Baba culture. see peranakan Anderson, Benedict, 54 Bai people, 98–9 Anhui, 199 baihuawen. see vernacular language Appadurai, Arjun, 314–15 Bajin. see Li Feigan Apter, David, 57–8 ballroom dancing, 18, 43 Arabic language, 198 Bandung Conference (1955), 351 Arabs, 106 barbarism, 16, 49–50, 135, 284, 342 architecture, 8–9, 282, 287–8, 293 Barlow, Tani, 74 art, 13–14, 272–96 BBS chat rooms, 251, 331–2, 334 diaspora cultures, 118 Beckett, Samuel, 246, 263 gender, 70, 77 Bei Dao, 246–7 Maoist China (1949–76), 283–8 Beijing post-Maoist China, 288–95 architecture, 282 Republic (1912–49), 34, 276–82 art, 280, 287–8, 291, 293 sociopolitical history, 22, 37–9, 348 cinema, 297, 300, 310, 312, 315 Asian Economic Miracle, 11 Confucianism, 152 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86322-3 - The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture Edited by Kam Louie Index More information 378 Index gender, 72, 83 socialism, 156 Internet, 330 sociopolitical history, 3, 22, 26, 32, 310 languages, 199 sports, 350 literature, 221, 225–6, 241–2, 247 see also Opium Wars music & performing arts, 259–60, 262, Brownell, Susan, chapter by, 18, 339–60 264–6, 268 (see also Peking Opera (jingju)) Brundage, Avery, 348–9, 352 Olympic Games (2008) (see Olympics) Buddha’s Birthday, 188 religious traditions, 188, 192 Buddhism, 18, 173, 175–6, 179–80, 183–6 socialism, 158 art, 282 sociopolitical history, 25, 31, 345 Confucianism &, 11, 53, 140, 143, 145–6 sports & physical culture, 346, 352, 357–8 diaspora culture, 119–20, 125 TV, 319, 323, 327, 350–1 ethnicity, 111 University (see Peking University) Hong Kong, 187–8 see also Forbidden City; White Cloud physical culture, 342–3 Temple (Baiyunguan); Yuanmingyuan socialism &, 161 Beijing Opera. see Peking Opera sociopolitical history, 22, 27 Beijing Organizing Committee for the Taiwan, 186–7 Olympic Games (BOCOG), 346, 357–8 Bulag, Uradyn, 100, 108 Beijing University. see Peking University Bum Cai (Pizi Cai), 333–4 Beiping. see Beijing bureaucracy Beiyang Navy, 62 Chinese language, 202–3, 207, 212–13 Belgrade embassy bombing (1999), 97, 331–2 Confucianism, 135–6, 151 Berry, Chris, chapter by, 13, 297–317 ethnicity &, 106–7, 110 Bible, 191, 193–4, 208 historiography, 46–7 Blang language, 201 literature, 220, 231, 238 Blogging China, 334 media, 321–2, 327, 335 BOCOG. see Beijing Organizing Committee religious traditions, 175–6, 181, 184, 192, for the Olympic Games 194 body culture. see martial arts; physical socialism, 162, 165, 167–8 culture sociopolitical history, 21–2, 24–6, 33, 39, 42 bodybuilding, 354–5 sports & physical culture, 341 Bolshevism, 160–2, 164, 170 see also civil service examinations Bourgeois Revolution. see Revolution of 1911 business. see commerce bourgeoisie cinema, 306–7 cadres. see Communist cadres gender, 75–6, 84 Cai Yuanpei, 280 historiography, 56 Cai, Zong-qi, 14 literature, 229 calligraphy, 22, 215, 274, 289–90, 292, 342 music & performing arts, 258 Can Xue, 248 socialism, 163, 165 Canada, 115, 194, 352 sociopolitical history, 28, 30–2 see also North America sports & physical culture, 355 Canton. see Guangzhou Boxer Uprising (1900), 6, 25, 57, 61–2, 158, Canton Peasant Movement Training 174, 189, 191–2, 345 Institute, 73 British Cantonese dialect (Yue), 95, 198–9, 210, 213, art, 288 293, 300, 303, 309 cinema, 299, 303 Cantonese opera, 300, 309 Confucianism, 148 Cantonese people, 187 culture, 15 Cao Bai, 223 diaspora culture &, 117, 125 Cao Yu (Wan Jiabao), 257, 259 ethnicity, 96 capitalism historiography, 52 art, 293 housing developments, 8–9 cinema, 305, 307, 309, 313 literacy, 22 gender, 69, 79, 83, 86–7 literature, 241, 243 historiography, 46, 56, 58, 62 religious traditions, 189, 191, 194 literature, 220, 230 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86322-3 - The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture Edited by Kam Louie Index More information Index 379 religious traditions, 193 Chinatowns, 9–10, 124 socialism &, 155–8, 161, 163, 165–70 Chinese art. see art; guohua (national sociopolitical history, 28, 32, 37, 39–40, painting) 42–3 Chinese calligraphy. see calligraphy Cartesian dualism, 343 Chinese Chamber of Commerce, 33 Catholics. see Roman Catholic Christianity Chinese characters. see Chinese script CCP. see Communist Party Chinese cinema. see cinema cellular phones, 318, 329, 334–5 Chinese civilization, 1–2, 5, 8 censorship diaspora cultures, 116, 118–19, 128 cinema, 301–3, 309, 313, 315 Chinese Communist Party. see Communist historiography, 61 Party literature, 225, 245–7, 250–2 Chinese culture media, 318, 325, 332, 335–6 Confucianism, 135, 140, 141–3, 144–50 music & performing arts, 259, 263, 265 defi nition, 1–3, 11–13, 17–18 sociopolitical history, 43 ethnicity, 92 Central Asia, 21, 49, 174, 183, 308 gender, 82, 87 see also Xinjiang historiography, 59, 63 Central People’s Radio Station (Zhongyang sociopolitical history, 29–30, 44 renmin guangbo diantai), 323 see also diaspora cultures Chan, Jackie, 347 Chinese dialects Chang, Carson. see Zhang Junmai cinema, 298, 302–3 Chang, Eileen. see Zhang Ailing diaspora culture, 7 change ethnicity &, 97 Confucianism, 144–5, 147 geographic distribution, 198–9 cultural, 2–3, 6–8, 12–15, 17–18, 121 imperial era, 202–3 diaspora cultures, 121 language reform, 205–6 gender, 84 script, 204, 208, 210 literature, 218, 236–8, 247, 250 Taiwan, 194 music & performing arts, 253 use, 212–16 religious traditions, 195 Chinese diaspora. see diaspora cultures sociopolitical history, 21, 30 Chinese language, 5, 14–15, 30, 191, 198, 216 see also social change cinema, 298, 302, 309–10 Chao Yuan Ren, 206 diaspora cultures, 119, 122, 125, 130, 198, charitable activities, 183, 185, 187, 191, 194–5 303 Chekhov, Anton, 257 foreign students, 1 Chen Duxiu, 18, 30, 72, 235 gender, 81 Chen Kaige, 297, 312 geographic distribution, 198–9, 214–15 Chen Lai, 153 historiography, 53 Chen, Ping, chapter by, 15, 198–217 Internet, 332, 334 Chen Xiaomei, 85, 261, 263–4 literature, 14, 242, 247, 249 Cheng brothers, 141 music & performing arts, 255–6, 262, 266 Cheng Chung-ying, 141 number of speakers, 198 Chengdu, 263, 265 policy & planning, 213–16 Chiang Kai-shek, 32–3, 35–6, 52 premodern times, 201–5 China Academic Network (CANet), 330 present-day use, 212–15, 216 China Blog, 334 reform, 201–4, 205–12, 213, 215–16 ‘China Can Say “No” ’, 6 religious traditions, 183, 188, 191 China Central Television (CCTV), 264, 266, sports & physical culture, 356 319–21, 323–5, 328–9, 350, 353 translations into, 5, 191 China Mobile, 335 see also Chinese dialects; classical Chinese China National Symphony Orchestra, 260 language; non-Chinese languages; Old China Petroleum Co., 323 Chinese; vernacular language China Philharmonic Orchestra, 266 Chinese masculinity. see gender China Telecom, 323, 330 Chinese medicine, 55, 343 China Trade Daily, 331 Chinese New Year, 316, 328–9, 335 China Unicom, 335 Chinese Olympic Committee, 348–9, 353 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86322-3 - The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture Edited by Kam Louie Index More information 380 Index Chinese script, 14–16, 22, 95, 200, 202–6, civil war (1946–49) 207–11, 212–13, 215–16, 247, 291 art, 282 see also calligraphy cinema, 299 Chinese Socialist Party (Zhongguo shehui zhuyi diaspora cultures, 126 dang), 157–8 literature, 230 Chinese State Sports Commission, 346 music & performing arts, 261 Chineseness religious traditions, 175, 185–6, 194 art, 289, 293 socialism, 166 cinema, 299–301, 305 sociopolitical history, 36 defi nition, 3, 5–6, 7–14, 17 sports & physical culture, 261 diaspora cultures, 115, 119, 122, 125, 131–2 Cixi, Empress Dowager, 24–5, 60 ethnicity, 7–9, 92 clans & lineages, 22, 38, 43, 51, 102, 104, 173, gender, 69–70, 83 176 historiography, 50, 63–4 see also family sociopolitical history, 27 Clarke, David, chapter by, 13, 272–96 sports, 358 Clarkson, Amy Poy, 132 Chongqing, 227, 282, 302 class Chow Yun-Fat, 297, 311 Chinese language, 202 Christianity, 18, 173, 175–6, 183, 185, 187, cinema, 307–8 188–95 Confucianism, 120–1, 124 Confucianism &, 139, 142, 188 culture &, 16 diaspora cultures, 116, 125 diaspora cultures, 120–1, 124 historiography, 54 gender, 74, 76, 80 language, 216 historiography, 56–7, 60, 65 missionaries, 23, 25, 142, 175, 188–95, 208, literature, 220–2, 224–30, 237–9, 242, 244 340 music & performing arts, 258, 260–1 sociopolitical history, 25, 62 religious traditions, 177 see also Protestant Christianity; Roman socialism, 163–5, 167–8 Catholic Christianity sociopolitical history, 20, 27–8, 34, 37–9, 41 Chu culture, 242, 249 see also bourgeoisie; elites; peasant Chuangzao she.
Recommended publications
  • No.9 Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter June 1990
    [Last updated: 28 April 1992] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- No.9 Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter June 1990 This NEWSLETTER is edited by Gehan Wijeyewardene and published in the Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific Studies; printed at Central Printery; the masthead is by Susan Wigham of Graphic Design (all of The Australian National University ).The logo is from a water colour , 'Tai women fishing' by Kang Huo Material in this NEWSLETTER may be freely reproduced with due acknowledgement. Correspondence is welcome and contributions will be given sympathetic consideration. (All correspondence to The Editor, Department of Anthropology, RSPacS, ANU, Box 4 GPO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.) Number Nine June 1990 ISSN 1032-500X The International Conference on Thai Studies, Kunming 1990 There was some question, in the post Tien An Men period, as to whether the conference would proceed. In January over forty members of Thammasart University faculty issued an open letter to the organizers, which in part read, A meeting in China at present would mean a tacit acceptance of the measures taken by the state, unless there will be an open critical review. Many north American colleagues privately expressed similar views. This Newsletter has made its views on Tien An Men quite clear, and we can sympathize with the position taken by our colleagues. Nevertheless, there seems to be some selectivity of outrage, when no word of protest was heard from some quarters about the continuing support given by the Chinese government to the murderous Khmer Rouge. This does not apply to the Thai academic community, sections of which were in the vanguard of the movement to reconsider Thai government policy on this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • De Sousa Sinitic MSEA
    THE FAR SOUTHERN SINITIC LANGUAGES AS PART OF MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA (DRAFT: for MPI MSEA workshop. 21st November 2012 version.) Hilário de Sousa ERC project SINOTYPE — École des hautes études en sciences sociales [email protected]; [email protected] Within the Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) linguistic area (e.g. Matisoff 2003; Bisang 2006; Enfield 2005, 2011), some languages are said to be in the core of the language area, while others are said to be periphery. In the core are Mon-Khmer languages like Vietnamese and Khmer, and Kra-Dai languages like Lao and Thai. The core languages generally have: – Lexical tonal and/or phonational contrasts (except that most Khmer dialects lost their phonational contrasts; languages which are primarily tonal often have five or more tonemes); – Analytic morphological profile with many sesquisyllabic or monosyllabic words; – Strong left-headedness, including prepositions and SVO word order. The Sino-Tibetan languages, like Burmese and Mandarin, are said to be periphery to the MSEA linguistic area. The periphery languages have fewer traits that are typical to MSEA. For instance, Burmese is SOV and right-headed in general, but it has some left-headed traits like post-nominal adjectives (‘stative verbs’) and numerals. Mandarin is SVO and has prepositions, but it is otherwise strongly right-headed. These two languages also have fewer lexical tones. This paper aims at discussing some of the phonological and word order typological traits amongst the Sinitic languages, and comparing them with the MSEA typological canon. While none of the Sinitic languages could be considered to be in the core of the MSEA language area, the Far Southern Sinitic languages, namely Yuè, Pínghuà, the Sinitic dialects of Hǎinán and Léizhōu, and perhaps also Hakka in Guǎngdōng (largely corresponding to Chappell (2012, in press)’s ‘Southern Zone’) are less ‘fringe’ than the other Sinitic languages from the point of view of the MSEA linguistic area.
    [Show full text]
  • Theravada Buddhism and Dai Identity in Jinghong, Xishuangbanna James Granderson SIT Study Abroad
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2015 Theravada Buddhism and Dai Identity in Jinghong, Xishuangbanna James Granderson SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Chinese Studies Commons, Community-Based Research Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons, and the Sociology of Culture Commons Recommended Citation Granderson, James, "Theravada Buddhism and Dai Identity in Jinghong, Xishuangbanna" (2015). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2070. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2070 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Theravada Buddhism and Dai Identity in Jinghong, Xishuangbanna Granderson, James Academic Director: Lu, Yuan Project Advisors:Fu Tao, Michaeland Liu Shuang, Julia (Field Advisors), Li, Jing (Home Institution Advisor) Gettysburg College Anthropology and Chinese Studies China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for China: Language, Cultures and Ethnic Minorities, SIT Study Abroad, Spring 2015 I Abstract This ethnographic field project focused upon the relationship between the urban Jinghong and surrounding rural Dai population of lay people, as well as a few individuals from other ethnic groups, and Theravada Buddhism. Specifically, I observed how Buddhism manifests itself in daily urban life, the relationship between Theravada monastics in city and rural temples and common people in daily life, as well as important events wherelay people and monastics interacted with one another.
    [Show full text]
  • Guoxue): Six Perspectives and Six Definitions
    China Perspectives 2011/1 | 2011 The National Learning Revival National Learning (Guoxue): Six Perspectives and Six Definitions Liu Dong Translator: Guannan Li Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/5380 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.5380 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 2011 Number of pages: 46-54 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference Liu Dong, « National Learning (Guoxue): Six Perspectives and Six Definitions », China Perspectives [Online], 2011/1 | 2011, Online since 30 March 2014, connection on 28 October 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/5380 ; DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.5380 © All rights reserved China perspectives Special feature National Learning (Guoxue): Six Perspectives and Six Definitions LIU DONG* Guoxue deserves “such popularity” vious “fever” trends, this cultural movement was not promoted from the top down, but from the bottom up. The public has pressed cultural de - Let us first review how guoxue has “occurred” by citing an observation mands for guoxue . This is the key characteristics of the new guoxue trend. from a scholar who lives outside of China. Although Dirlik’s view on the relationship between Confucianism and the economic rise of Asia is not well-balanced, he keenly captures the question The concept of “ guoxue ,” which ceased to draw attention for more of how the rise in the market was closely associated with the deployment than four decades, was resuscitated almost overnight in mainland of Confucian doctrines as a means of making profit. Indeed, in China, from China in the so-called “ guoxue fever” of the 1990s… A variety of fo - universities to the Temple of Confucius, from book stores to private rums appeared on TV; several prestigious universities established schools, from book writing to academic lectures, all are contaminated by guoxue training classes in order to nourish “spiritual resources” money.
    [Show full text]
  • IEA) 2012 Volume 4 Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
    Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 219 Zhicai Zhong Editor Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Engineering and Applications (IEA) 2012 Volume 4 Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering Volume 219 For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7818 Zhicai Zhong Editor Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Engineering and Applications (IEA) 2012 Volume 4 123 Editor Zhicai Zhong Chongqing People’s Republic of China ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-4471-4852-4 ISBN 978-1-4471-4853-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4853-1 Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht Library of Congress Control Number: 2012956302 Ó Springer-Verlag London 2013 MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. See www.mathworks.com/ trademarks for a list of additional trademarks. Other product or brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Amazon is a trademark of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Google is a trademark of Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, U.S.A http://www.google.com This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, reci- tation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief ex- cerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ordination of a Tree: the Buddhist Ecology Movement
    THE ORDINATION OF A TREE: THE BUDDIDST ECOLOGY MOVEMENT IN THAILANDl Susan M. Darlington Hampshire College As part of a growing environmental movement in Thailand, a small number of Buddhist monks engage in ecological conservation projects. These "ecology monks" teach ecologically sound practices among Thai farmers and criticize rapid economic develop­ ment nationwide (which they see as one of the primary causes of the country's environmental crisis). This article examines how one northern Thai monk used a tree ordination, adapted from a traditional Buddhist ritual, to build villagers' commitment to his ecology projects. (Buddhism, environmentalism, ritual, Thailand) A Buddhist ecology movement, developing in Thailand and other Buddhist nations, addresses local and national problems of deforestation and ecological destruction. While this is only one aspect of growing environmentalism in Thailand (Hirsch 1996), the Buddhists involved in this movement see their religion as critical for providing practical as well as moral guidelines for ecological conservation. This article focuses on how Buddhists, especially monks, put their concepts of Buddhism and ecology into action, and the consequent reinterpretations of both sets of concepts that result from such behavior. As Buddhism is increasingly used to promote social activism such as conservation, its role in Thai society is also being implicitly challenged and reworked. While the exact.changes that will occur are unknown, the Buddhist ecology movement's potential direction may be glimpsed by examining how rituals, particularly ordaining trees, promote the ecology movement, lending it economic, political, social, and moral force. The "ecology monks" are those actively engaged in environmental and conservation activities and who respond to the suffering which environmental degradation causes.
    [Show full text]
  • Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau
    IPP740 REV World Bank-financed Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Yunnan Highway Assets Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau July 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized EMDP of the Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Summary of the EMDP A. Introduction 1. According to the Feasibility Study Report and RF, the Project involves neither land acquisition nor house demolition, and involves temporary land occupation only. This report aims to strengthen the development of ethnic minorities in the project area, and includes mitigation and benefit enhancing measures, and funding sources. The project area involves a number of ethnic minorities, including Yi, Hani and Lisu. B. Socioeconomic profile of ethnic minorities 2. Poverty and income: The Project involves 16 cities/prefectures in Yunnan Province. In 2013, there were 6.61 million poor population in Yunnan Province, which accounting for 17.54% of total population. In 2013, the per capita net income of rural residents in Yunnan Province was 6,141 yuan. 3. Gender Heads of households are usually men, reflecting the superior status of men. Both men and women do farm work, where men usually do more physically demanding farm work, such as fertilization, cultivation, pesticide application, watering, harvesting and transport, while women usually do housework or less physically demanding farm work, such as washing clothes, cooking, taking care of old people and children, feeding livestock, and field management. In Lijiang and Dali, Bai and Naxi women also do physically demanding labor, which is related to ethnic customs. Means of production are usually purchased by men, while daily necessities usually by women.
    [Show full text]
  • Trilingual Literacy for Ethnic Groups in China a Case Study of Hani People in Yuanyang County of Yunnan
    www.ccsenet.org/elt English Language Teaching Vol. 4, No. 4; December 2011 Trilingual Literacy for Ethnic Groups in China A case study of Hani People in Yuanyang County of Yunnan Yuanbing Duan School of Arts and Science, Yunnan Radio and TV University, Kunming, 650223, China Tel: 86-871-588-6817 E-mail: [email protected] Received: May 23, 2011 Accepted: June 13, 2011 Published: December 1, 2011 doi:10.5539/elt.v4n4p274 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v4n4p274 Abstract This paper examines the current trilingual literacy situation of Hani People in Yuanyang County of Yunnan, China, with significance of finding out specific problems which influence the trilingual education greatly. It also reports on the effects of training for trilingual teachers, ways of improving learner’s motivation and updating the trilingual education materials. Lastly, several possible solutions are provided for successful minority education. Keywords: Trilingual literacy, Trilingual education, Minority education 1. Introduction This paper will discuss one part of school literacy in China, to be specific, how do ethnic groups start learning English, their difficulties and problems in current situation, and suggested solutions are provided for guiding students’ literacy success. With the reform and open policy carried out in 1978, education in China has gained its growing concern; more and more people have had the consciousness of being literate. However, literacy means two different levels in countryside and in cities. In rural countryside, to complete middle school education owns the opportunity of attaining stable job to meet local demand, education at this level simply means having the ability to read and write; while in the big cities, pursuing higher degree, university education or post graduate education, highlight the functional meaning of literacy; being ‘knowledgeable’ at this high level requires the ability to read between lines and write academically.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Aim Arbor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Highland Cash Crop Development and Biodiversity Conservation: The Hmong in Northern Thailand by Waranoot Tungittiplakorn B.Sc., Chulalongkorn University, 1988 M..Sc., Asian Institute of Technology, 1991 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment o f the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Geography We accept this dissertation as conforming to the required standard Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the History of the Yi, Part II
    MODERNHarrell, Li CHINA/ HISTORY / JULY OF 2003THE YI, PART II REVIEW10.1177/0097700403253359 Review Essay The History of the History of the Yi, Part II STEVAN HARRELL LI YONGXIANG University of Washington MINORITY ETHNIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE 1980S AND 1990S The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is, according to its constitution, “a unified country of diverse nationalities” (tongyide duominzu guojia; see Wang Guodong, 1982: 9). The degree to which this admirable political ideal has actually been respected has varied throughout the history of the PRC: taken seriously in the early and mid-1950s, it was systematically ignored dur- ing the twenty years of High Socialism from the late 1950s to the early 1980s and then revived again with the Opening and Reform policies of the past two decades (Heberer, 1989: 23-29). The presence of minority “autonomous” ter- ritories, preferential policies in school admissions, and birth quotas (Sautman, 1998) and the extraordinary emphasis on developing “socialist” versions of minority visual and performing arts (Litzinger, 2000; Schein, 2000; Oakes, 1998) all testify to serious attention to multinationalism in the cultural and administrative realms, even if minority culture is promoted in a homogenized socialist version and even if everybody knows that “autono- mous” territories are far less autonomous, for example, than an American state or a Swiss canton. But although the party state now preaches multinationalism and allows limited expression of ethnonational autonomy, it also preaches and promotes progress—and thus runs straight into a paradox: progress is defined in objectivist, modernist terms, which relegate minority cultures to a more MODERN CHINA, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Engaging with Socialism in China: the Political Thought and Activities of Chen Gongbo and Tan Pingshan, 1917-1928
    Engaging with Socialism in China: The Political Thought and Activities of Chen Gongbo and Tan Pingshan, 1917-1928 Xuduo Zhao PhD University of York History May 2019 1 Abstract This thesis investigates Chen Gongbo (1892-1946) and Tan Pingshan (1886-1956), two significant Cantonese Marxists who helped found the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921. I use Chen and Tan as a lens to re-examine the dissemination of Marxism in May Fourth China and the underlying tensions in 1920s Chinese revolution. My study demonstrates that it was in the changing educational system in the early 20th century that Chen and Tan gradually improved their positions in the cultural field and participated in the intellectual ferment during the May Fourth period. At Peking University they became familiarised with Marxism. Their understanding of Marxism, however, was deeply influenced by European social democracy, as opposed to many other early communist leaders who believed in Bolshevism. This divergence finally led to the open conflict within the CCP between Guangzhou and Shanghai in the summer of 1922, which also embodied the different social identities among early Chinese Marxists. After the quarrel, Chen quit while Tan remained within the party. During the Nationalist Revolution, both Tan and Chen became senior leaders in the Kuomintang, but they had to face yet another identity crisis of whether to be a revolutionary or a politician. Meanwhile, they had to rethink the relationship between socialism and nationalism in their political propositions. This study of Chen and Tan’s political thought and activities in the late 1910s and 1920s offers a different picture of Chinese radicalism and revolution in the early Republican period.
    [Show full text]
  • Mao's War on Women
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 8-2019 Mao’s War on Women: The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976 Al D. Roberts Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Roberts, Al D., "Mao’s War on Women: The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976" (2019). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7530. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7530 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MAO’S WAR ON WOMEN: THE PERPETUATION OF GENDER HIERARCHIES THROUGH YIN-YANG COSMOLOGY IN THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA OF THE MAO ERA, 1949-1976 by Al D. Roberts A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ______________________ ____________________ Clayton Brown, Ph.D. Julia Gossard, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Li Guo, Ph.D. Dominic Sur, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member _______________________________________ Richard S. Inouye, Ph.D. Vice Provost for Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2019 ii Copyright © Al D. Roberts 2019 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Mao’s War on Women: The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976 by Al D.
    [Show full text]