The Sun-Earth-Moon System

7 2 : 3 2 : 3 1

one rotation Time for for Time Average Average distance distance from Earthfrom 384,000 km 27.3 days 27.3 days Moon Data Read the two statements below and decide below statements Read the two Earth’s Earth’s 27% of diameter Sun between EarthSun between and Mars. of the Moon.appearance The Moon was once a planet that orbited the Moon a planet that orbited was once The Earth’s shadow causes the changing causes the changing shadow Earth’s 4. 3. mass Mass Diameter Earth’s Earth’s 1.2% of The most widely accepted idea about how the Moon The most widely accepted idea about how the Moon Why does the Moon shine? Why does its shape seem to Why does the Moon shine? Why Before Statement After What do you think? do you What column an A in the Before with them. Place or disagree agree whether you this read you’ve After disagree. you or a D if with the statement agree if you mind. your changed have if you see to the statements lesson, reread hypothesis states that shortly after Earth formed, an object about the size of the planet Mars crashed into Earth. The impact caused a ring of vaporized rock to form around in the ring cooled and the material Earth. Eventually, clumped together and formed the Moon. formed is the giant impact hypothesis. The giant impact change? The Moon does not give off light. Unlike the Sun, change? The Moon does not give see the Moon because it the Moon is a solid object. You mass, about the Moon’s reflects light from the Sun. Data shown in the table below. size, and distance from Earth are The Moon’s Formation Formation Moon’s The Seeing the Moon The Sun-Earth-MoonThe System Moon Earth’s

As you 8

d d n i . the hypothesis the hypothesis 7 0 4 9 8 8 _ 2 Reading Check L _ Sun-Earth-Moon The System Reading Essentials E How does the Moon move does the Moon move How Earth?around does the Moon’s Why change? appearance R _ 3TUDY#OACH 2 that best explains how the that best explains how Moon formed. 352 1. Name each heading. Use the Use each heading. review outline to completed the lesson. read, make an outline to read, the the lesson. Use summarize main headings in the lesson as the main headings in the the outline Complete outline. underwith the information Make an Outline Make Key Concepts Concepts Key • • 1 0 _ 8 0 0 _ 3 9 1 CC193_008_012_RE_L2_889407.indd 8 CC193_008_012_RE_L2_889407.indd 9 1 9 3 _ 0 0 8 _ 0 1 2 _ R E

_ Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. L 2 _ 8 8 9 4 0 billions ofyearsago,havenotchangedmuch. tectonics. Without theseforces, water, andplatetectonicserasedthese cratersonEarth. also washitbymanylargeobjectsduringthistime.Wind, ago. ThiswaslongbeforedinosaurslivedonEarth.Earth many ofitscratersandotherfeatures. covered largeportionsoftheMoon’s surface,including through theMoon’s crustandhardened.Thehardenedlava Moon’s surfacehadended.Mariaformedwhenlavaflowed maria (MAReeuh)formedlongaftermostimpactsonthe streaks calledraysrunoutwardfromsomecraters. such aslargerocks,crashedintotheMoon.Light-colored with craters. reach. Highlandsareolderthanthemariaandcovered formed themariabecausetheyweretoohighforlavato highlands. Highlandswerenotcoveredbythelavathat edn setas h u-at-onSse System The Sun-Earth-Moon Reading Essentials The Moon’s Motion Highlands Maria Craters The Moon’s Surface seen fromEarthisthefarsideofMoon. called thenearside.ThesideofMoonthatcannotbe make onerotation.ThissideoftheMoonthatfacesEarthis the MoontakessameamountoftimetoorbitEarthand make onecompleterevolutionaroundEarth. that thisisthesameamountoftimeittakesMoonto complete rotationoftheMoonalsotakes27.3days.Notice 27.3days. one revolutionaroundEarthevery Moon ifthepullofEarth’s gravityended.The Moonmakes straight lineintospace.Thesamewouldbetrueforthe the pullofSun’s gravityended,Earthwouldflyina move inanorbitaroundEarth.RecallfromLesson1thatif around Earth.ThepullofEarth’s gravitycausestheMoonto (MAR eeuh),andhighlands. its surface.ThemainfeaturesontheMoonarecraters,maria 7 . i n d d The Moonhasnoatmosphere,water, andnoplate Most oftheMoon’s craters Early intheMoon’s history, variousfeaturesformedon The samesideoftheMoonalwaysfacesEarthbecause Like Earth,theMoonalsorotatesasitrevolves.One As EarthrevolvesaroundtheSun,Moon

The large, flatareas ontheMoonare dark, called TheMoon’s cratersformedwhenobjectsfromspace, Thelight-coloredareasontheMoonare formed about Moon’s craters,formed 3.5 billion

maria. years The around Earth? the Moon’s revolution maria produced? 3. Restate 2. Explain 4. Compar e revolution. revolution andtheMoon’s Reading Check Key Concept Check How were What produces Earth’s 353 224/2/10 13:23:30 4 / 2 / 1 0

1 3 : 2 3 : 3 0 6 3 : 3 2 : 3 1

0 1 / 2 / 4 224/2/10 13:23:36 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. waning waning During the As seen from more of the Moon’s near side is lit of the Moon’s more

During the third week in the lunar During the third week in the The lunar cycle begins. A sliver of The lunar cycle begins. A sliver During the fourth week in the lunar During the second week in the lunar During the second week in the waxing phases, waxing

less of the Moon’s near side is lit each night. near less of the Moon’s

During the After the Moon waxes, it is said to wane. After the Moon waxes, it is said The Sun is always shining on half the Moon, just as it is Moon, just as on half the is always shining The Sun the phase the Moon around Earth causes The motion of of the lunar occur during the first half The waxing phases phase. phase.

phases, eastern side. Moon’s Earth, the lit part is now on the or slightly more than four weeks, to complete. than four weeks, to complete. or slightly more cycle. always shining on half of Earth. As the Moon moves around Moon moves of Earth. As the on half always shining near side is lit. part of the Moon’s only one Earth, usually The lit part Earth seen from be that can Moon or a planet of the is called a pattern change. The phases follow a regular of the Moon to takes 29.5 days, lunar cycle. One lunar cycle that is called the cycle, the lit part of the Moon becomes smaller. By the end becomes smaller. cycle, the lit part of the Moon of the third week, only the eastern half of the Moon is lit. This is the third quarter phase. cycle, less and less of the near side of the Moon is lit. When cycle, less and less of the near side of the Moon is lit. When dark, it has reached the near side is completely the Moon’s new moon phase. The entire lunar cycle is summarized in the figure on the next page. Week 4—New Moon 4—New Week Week 2—Full Moon 2—Full Week Phases Waning Quarter 3—Third Week Waxing Phases Waxing Quarter 1—First Week Phases of the Moon of the Phases light appears on the Moon’s western edge. Each night, the lit light appears on the Moon’s By the end of the first week, the Moon part grows larger. The entire western half of the reaches its first quarter phase. Moon is now lit. cycle, more and more of the near side of the Moon becomes cycle, more and more of the near side is near the Moon’s lit. By the end of the second week, phase. completely lit. It is at its full moon each night. 0 1

What produces What produces

First Week d d n

What are the What are First Quarter i . 7 0 4

9 Full

8 Second 8 Key Concept Check Concept Key _ 2 Reading Check L _ Sun-Earth-Moon The System Reading Essentials E R _ 2 354 6. Name Make a bound book to Make a bound book to about information organize Each page the lunar cycle. one week. should represent

5. Identify 5. Identify the phases of the Moon?the phases of the waning phases of the Moon? 1 0 _ 8 0 0 _ 3 9 1 CC193_008_012_RE_L2_889407.indd 10 CC193_008_012_RE_L2_889407.indd 11 1 9 3 _ 0 0 8 _ 0 1 2 _ R E

1 1 like thisinthesky. The Moonlooks quarter quarter Third You seethe sunlit part. Moon’s orbit The newmoonphaseis You don’t seethe not visiblefrom Earth. shadowed part. New moon Full moon Full moon Sunlight Earth quarter First the lunarcycle. seen at the endof Week 2of moon phasethatwould be 7. Circle iul Check Visual the nameof First quarter 355 224/2/10 13:23:42 4 / 2 / 1 0

1 3 : 2 3 : 4 2 6 4 : 3 2 : 3 1

0 1 / 2 / 4 224/2/10 13:23:46 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. END OF LESSON Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week full moon Moon’s Phases Moon’s the part of the lunar cycle which less of the in the part of of the lunar cycle in which more ED onnect C the Moon’s near side is lit each night near side is lit each the Moon’s Moon’s near side is lit each night Moon’s Log on to ConnectED.mcgraw-hill.com ConnectED.mcgraw-hill.com on to Log find this to textbook your and access resources. lesson’s waning phase: waning phase: waxing

Features of the Features Moon’s Surface Moon’s the large, dark, flat areas on the Moon areas dark, flat the large, 2 1

d d n i . craters 7 0 4 9 8 the lit partcan be seen that of the Moon or a planet 8 _ 2 L from Earthfrom _ Sun-Earth-Moon The System Reading Essentials E How did making an outline help you understand what you read? How did making an outline help you understand what you read? Fill in the graphic organizers below to summarize the features of the Moon’s surface and to summarize the features of the Moon’s Fill in the graphic organizers below the phases of the Moon. Review the terms and their definitions in the Mini Glossary. Write a sentence that Write Mini Glossary. and their definitions in the Review the terms waning. between waxing and describes the difference agree with the statement or a D if you disagree. disagree. or a D if you the statement with agree mind? change your Did you Reread the statements at the beginning of the at the beginning the statements Reread with an A if you column in the After lesson. Fill R What do you think _ 2 356 3. 2. 1. Mini Glossary ee uh): maria (MAR phase: 1 0 _ 8 0 0 _ 3 9 1 CC193_008_012_RE_L2_889407.indd 12