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Annual Report 1965

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Annual Report 1965 c REPUBLIC OF KENYA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANNUAL REPORT 1965 VOLUME 1 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE Six Shillings - 1967 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANNUAL REPORT 1965 VOLUME 1 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE CONTENTS PART !-AGRICULTURE IN 1965 PAGE Review of the Year . 1 The Weather of Kenya, 1965 3 Land Management 4 Mixed Farming 5 Crop Production 5 Livestock Enterprises 14 Agricultural Crop Exports .. 16 PART II-RESEARCH AND SPECIALIST SERVICES General Crop Husbandry 25 Grassland Husbandry 26 Animal Husbandry .. 28 Soi! and Agricultural Chemistry 28 Plant Pathology 30 Entomology .. 31 Plant Breeding 33 Horticulture 38 Pyrethrum 43 Sisal .. 45 Sugar .. 47 Irrigation 50 Agricultural Machinery Unit 51 PART ID- FIEW SERVICES Progress in lmproved Farm.ing­ Large-scale Farrning 51 Resettlement 52 Development Loans 52 Small-scale Farming 53 Reconditioning, Resettlement and Development Schemes 55 Soil and Water Conservation 62 Irrigation 66 Agricultural Education 74 Marketing 77 Grading and Inspection Services 78 Bird Control (Quelea) 80 PART IV-GENERAL Library 80 Publications 81 Legislation 83 Staff .. 84 Acknowledgement 85 Erratum 85 CONTENTS-{C ontd.) TABLES PAGE A.-Rainfall Figures 3 B.- Particuiars of Small-scale Fann Coffee as at 31- 12-65 17 C.-Quantities and Values of Agricultural Exports 18 D .-Quantities and values of the more important products marketed from Small-farm Areas 20 E.-lmports of fruit into Kenya . 24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANNUAL REPORT 1965 PART !-AGRICULTURE IN 1965 Review of the Year The year 1965 was a difficult year for the farming community in Kenya. This was mainly due to partial failure of the long rains accompanied by attack of insect pests on both crops and grassland. The fact that rains were light in the early part of the year meant that many crop failures resulted, especially when this was accornpanied by attacks ot pests such as cut-worm and army-worm, and many areas were living under famine conditions by the middle of the year. The Department of Agriculture and its extension service mounted a crash maize­ planting programme for the short rains using funds obtained from the Treasury, which were distributed on a Joan basis to those areas where short-rains planting of maize was considered to be a reasonable proposition if the crop was weil planted, properly fertilized and protected against pest attacks. The year will also be remembered for an increasing influx of technical aid both in the form of personnel and finance from overseas. Noteworthy among the arrivais of tecbnical-aid staff was the setting up of the West German Technical Aid Team in the Trans Nzoia District, wbose first priority was to assist and uplift the new African Jarge-scale farmers in that district. This team bas already made a great impact on the problem of the large-scale African farmer and it is hoped that with financial assistance, this form of aid will prove to be higbly successful. The large-scale African farmer in general posed a most severe problem to the extension service, bearing in mind the great influence the large-scale farmers can have on the national economy, and as these farmers now number in excess of 700, they are obviously an important feature of the farming sector and although great strides have been made during 1965, they still Jack sufficient knowledge and finance and so are one of the most critical aspects of the agricultural scene in Kenya. In addition to the crash maize programme mentioned above, it was necessary to import foodstutl's from overseas, and the United States Government in particular is to be tbanked for its gifts of yellow rnaize which alleviated the very serious situation regarding the feeding of the population of the country. The decline in coffee cultural standards and the subsequent decline in the quality of the crop caused great concern during the year. In addition the decline in sisal priees due to competition from synthetics became increasingly critical. However, an optimistic report by Mr. L. H. Brown, formerly Chief Agriculturist, on the possibilities in Kenya of developing tea growing for the small-scale African farmer togetber with the expansion of and success witb the cotton crop, were signs that in spite of a bad year, there were reasons for guarded optimism in the agricultural sector. Whereas land consolidation was almost completed in Central Province, the demand for acceleratcd land consolidation from such areas as Eastern Province was most marked and the Department was concerned with the presentation of both an accelerated land-consolidation programme and a development follow-up proposai to the British Government and the World Bank respectively. There is no doubt tbat at present the sbortage of agricultural credit for the small-scale farmer, due in many cases to the fact that the land is not consolidated, is retarding progress in the small-scale farming areas. The Chemelil Sugar Development Scheme and the cootinued construction of the Muhoroni Sugar Mills were features of agricultural development in Nyanza Province. Efforts were also made in the province to increase and develop mecbaoical cultivation for cotton growing. The Assistant Mioister for Agricul­ ture, Mr. Murgor, laid the foundation stone for the Homa Bay Farmers' Training Centre in December 1965. The Coast Province initiated severa! successful agricultural self-help scbemes and tree crop planting was emphasized in the Coast settlement scbemes. A "plant early" cotton campaign was not so successful, but efforts to alleviate famine by sorghum and cassava-planting campaigns achieved a high degree of success. In Eastern Province, the introduction of seasonal loans to cotton growers was a great step forward in the development of this crop, but the province was badly affected as far as food crops were concerned due to Jack of rain following a mediocre short rains in 1964. In Central Province certain areas suffered greatly from the squatter problem and enforced staff changes meant lack of continuity within the extension service. This bas now been corrected. In Western Province the success of the introduction of hybrid maize was very marked indeed and is a beartening sign fot the future development of this crop in the province. In Rift Valley Province stock !osses due to the drought, especially in Saroburu and Mukogodo, were severe in the early part of the year. There were also !osses of arable crops and Endebess was particularly badly bit in this respect. lt is, of course, in Rift Valley Province that the African large-scale farmers pose such an immense problem regarding production, especially to the extension and allied services. The development of a weil-irrigation scheme in Turkana District continued in spite of the fact that overseas technical and fioancial aid which bad been expected did not actually arrive. Although an understanding of the need to accept development as part of general national progress was shown by the Masai, this problem still presented the greatest obstacle to progress in that district especially in such areas as the Trans Mara. The Masai have, however, accepted the idea that a dipping pro­ gramme is necessary in Narok District and there is a growing awareness in the tribe of the need to develop their high-potential land. The European farmer in most cases, while not knowing wbat his future might be, continued to develop and produce from the land owned and leased by him in both the highlands and on the ranches and plantations under his control. The Stamp Mission to look into the proposed transfer of land from European to African ownership visited Kenya during the year and later presented its report. The Farmers Training Centre programme continued to develop and acbieved even greater success. In 1965 23,279 farmers passed through the centres coropared with 19,271 in 1964. The 4-K movement continued to expand and increase and as a measure of their success, clubs numbered 713 in 1965, compared with 448 in 1964. One matter which must not be forgotten in any review of 1965 is the fact that, despite the departure of many qualified and experienced officers from the extension service, the country's food position would not bave been so critical 2 bad the advice of the Department been accepted by farroers on the ground, in preparing land and growing food crops required for subsistence and in many cases for sale. The Weather of Kenya, 1965 "Weather in Kenya" means for ail practical purposes "Rainfall in Kenya". This year was the first after a row of years since 1961 when rainfall did not roeasure up to the loog-term annual average. A number of areas in Kenya, especially the agriculturally important regions, experienced a prolonged deficit from average monthly rainfall values, notably the Eastern, Central and Rift Valley Provinces. Rainfall was plentiful only duriog October and November while the March to May rains failed in most areas. This led to a serious drying out of the sail and to a fall of the water table with consequent partial or total crop failure. A statistical investigation shows, however, that the leogth and ioteosity of this drought is neither unprecedented nor unusual in Kenya. In fact, the frequency of such droughts bas markedly decreased during the last 10 years compared with previous decades. The actual monthly rainfall averaged for provinces is compared with the long-period means in the following table, to allow a quick survey of the rainfall situation during 1965. North- Coast East East Central Rift West Nyanza January A + + A + A A February March + A A April A A May A June + + + + July + August A September .. + + October + A + + + + + November .. + + + A A + + December .. + = more than average A = about average - = Jess than average TABLE A.-RAl NFALL FIGURES CENTRAL PROVINCE AND NAIROBI Total Average DISTRICT mm.
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