Swiss Cadastral System 2017
The Swiss Cadastral System: a basis for security and prosperity.
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Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Confédération suisse Confederazione Svizzera Confederaziun svizra
Federal Office of Topography swisstopo www.swisstopo.ch
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D Swiss Cadastral System
The cadastral system: multifaceted and of enormous benefit for society
One of the fundamental values of our democratic system is legal security. It is the duty of the state to regulate rights and obligations and to enforce the applicable legal provisions.
The cadastral system makes a valuable contribution towards fulfilling this duty by establishing the cadastral maps, thereby securing land ownership in conjunction with the land register’s official records of land titles. The maps show the exact location and dimension of each plot of land, while the land register gives a legally binding description of the owner. Together, the cadastral maps and land register are thus the two pillars that guarantee ownership of land and real estate.
The cadastral system is also of great importance for the national economy: cadastral land surveyors – who can often be observed setting up their tripods and measuring instruments on roadsides – collect basic geographic data that represent an accurate picture of the country. This enables us to know where everything is located: buildings, gardens, farmland, lakes, rivers, forests, roads, railways, underground structures, construction projects, the boundaries between plots of land, etc. These basic geodata are used in a broad variety of areas, including construction planning, supply network mapping, navigation systems, city maps and tourist information.
This brochure provides a brief introduction to the cadastral system of Switzerland. We hope it will find your interest.
1 Innovation: the cadastral system supports progress – for example in the field of urban development.
It is estimated that between 60 and 80 percent of all Thus, spatial planning goes hand in hand with innovations: political decisions include a spatial aspect, such as when a modern railway vehicles, smart technologies for easing municipality is planning a new tram route or looking traffic congestion, improved systems for protecting vital for new solutions to improve its district heating system. infrastructure, or a web application designed to display the locations of parking facilities for disabled drivers, for
2 Example of advanced urban development: the Metro carriageway slab on the two-level Charles Bessières bridge in Lausanne. carriageway slab on the two-level Charles Bessières Example of advanced urban development: the Metro example. All these innovations are based on the data provided by the cadastral system.
3 Value preservation and growth: the cadastral system promotes prosperity.
The total value of mortgage loans in Switzerland amounts diligence properly, these loans are secured by collateral to several hundred billion Swiss francs. Thanks to the land of equivalent value. Both the maps and the land register are register and the cadastral maps, the banks, insurance official in nature (i.e. legally binding). This guarantees companies and pension funds that grant this huge volume stability, which in its turn is fertile ground for a favourable of mortgages can trust that, if they have done their due investment climate and sustainable asset growth.
4 Housing development with a pioneering green energy concept: the “Suurstoffi” complex, Rotkreuz (canton of Zug). complex, Rotkreuz “Suurstoffi” energy concept: the Housing development with a pioneering green
5 Planning security: the cadastral system provides reliable reference data.
Engineers and architects need to base their plans on the cadastral system. These data can be incorporated accurate data. When buying an apartment, buyers need into other spatial and location-based resources, including reliable documents. They and many other players in the geographic information systems, town and city plans, business sector, public administration and private life want 3D urban models, zoning plans, supply network, cadastral to benefit from reliable and accurate data provided by plans, national geodata infrastructure, etc.
6 Mastering a major challenge: renovation of the southernin Winterthur. Mastering a major challenge: renovation section of the station square
7 For the good of society: the cadastral system offers benefits for everyone.
Each of us benefits from cadastral surveying data, for use solely in connection with the land register. Over for example when using navigation systems. Farmers, time, however, it has become essential for numerous too, use the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), for areas of private and public life, including spatial planning, example to optimise the use of fertilisers, seeds and nature conservation and national defence. pesticides. Originally, the cadastral system was intended
8 The A16 motorway through the Jura is the new transport route to the border with France (photo: stretch near Courrendlin in the canton of Jura). near Courrendlin with France (photo: stretch to the border the Jura is new transport route motorway through The A16
9 Swiss Cadastral System
Cadastral surveying: an ongoing task
The cadastral system of Switzerland is nearing completion, but this does not mean that cadastral land surveyors will then be out of work.
Cadastral surveying will always be an essential part of new infrastructure projects. Survey marker, Airolo (canton of Ticino). Top: cross-city link between Altstetten, Zurich main station and Oerlikon. Bottom: passageway in La Sallaz district, Lausanne.
10 Swiss Cadastral System
The face of Switzerland is constantly changing: new Surveying data: multifaceted and interdisciplinary buildings and roads are being constructed all the time, plots Cadastral surveying data are available in digital form (on a of land are being subdivided or amalgamated, forests are computer) or analogue form (on a plan or map). Digital growing, rivers and streams are changing course, and entire data are available throughout the country as uniform and villages can be altered by natural disasters. Spatial changes clearly structured vector or image files. have consequences for the cadastral system because its purpose is to depict reality as accurate as possible in order to The surveying data encompass several information layers, ensure its economic and social value. for example nomenclature (place names), land parcels, buildings and other structures, and administrative borders One of the main tasks of cadastral land surveyors is to (i.e. national, cantonal, district and municipal borders). update the cadastral surveying data. There are two types of The different types of data can be freely combined with one updates: another and may also be linked with other data of spatial relevance, for example the noise cadastre, utility asset Ongoing updates measure changes brought about by cadastre and zoning plan data. human activity, for example the construction of new build- ings. Updates of this type can be carried out as soon as the responsible surveyor has been made aware of the change. For this purpose, a reporting mechanism has been established by means of which building projects are reported to cadastral surveying before construction work commences. The costs associated with ongoing updates are covered on a user-pays basis.
Periodic updates measure changes that take place without human intervention, for example a change in a forest perimeter. This type of update is required from time to time, and the associated costs are borne by the municipality or canton.
Do you want to know more about cadastral updating? What happens if a land owner wants to change the boundary of his/her plot or have a new building added? How are the associated updating costs calculated? To find answers to these and other questions, visit:
• www.cadastre.ch/update
11 Swiss Cadastral System
Data: their sources and uses
The cadastral system acquires data through various procedures. The data are turned into products of added value.
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12 Swiss Cadastral System
Starting point and surveying methods Cadastral surveying products The data acquired by cadastral surveying are based on • Cadastral maps: this is the most important tool for coordinates and heights recorded in the Swiss national securing land ownership. survey. Designated control points that are precisely meas- • CadastralInfo: this web service offers easy access to a ured (location and height) provide the geodetic reference broad range of real estate data. frames for all surveying activities in Switzerland. • Official index of towns and cities: this data set includes postcodes and their respective perimeters. At the federal level, the Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying at the Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo) is The most important services the authority responsible for cadastral surveying. Data are • The Register of Licensed Land Surveyors: a list arranged collected by the cantons and local surveying offices, whose by name and canton of all persons qualified to carry out personnel accurately survey the earth’s surface using a cadastral surveying and to update the cadastral maps. variety of methods: • Information about the status of cadastral surveying: an overview of the progress of cadastral surveying and On the ground the quality standards of the respective data. • with conventional surveying instruments • using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) Cadastral surveying data not only flow into these products, • with the aid of laser scanning (contactless measurement but are also the basis for numerous other applications, as of objects using laser beams) described above.
From the air • with drones equipped with cameras • with photogrammetry (i.e. surveying on the basis of photographs) • using laser scanning
How to obtain information about land and property If you want to obtain information about a plot of land, simply go to www.cadastre.ch/info-en, then enter an address, and (if available) the name of the municipality, the Images on opposite page: plot number or national coordinates. You will get a variety 1 More than 3,000 specialists have been entrusted with the task of information, including views of the plot of land in of collecting, managing and updating data for the cadastral survey throughout the country. question (map and aerial images), the responsible surveying 2 Geomaticians also use drones in their daily work. office and a link to the cantonal geoportal. 3 Data collected on site is processed digitally in the office … 4 … and made available to customers in accordance with their needs. • www.cadastre.ch/info-en 5 Map extract from the official index of towns and cities, showing postcodes. 6 Extract from the land register map.
13 Swiss Cadastral System
Know-how: specialised personnel required
The cadastral system offers attractive jobs throughout Switzerland requiring various levels of training.
Sandbox for professionals: the Augmented Reality Sandbox developed by SwissGeoLab brings topography to life! During experiments, landscapes can be altered, water flows can be simulated and the effects of dam breaches can be observed. Images (left): the sandbox in use at the careers exhibition in Wettingen (canton of Aargau). Photos on the right: students learn how to determine a geographic position.
14 Swiss Cadastral System
Education Geomatics studies – great prospects! Professions in the field of cadastral surveying belong to A graduate degree in geomatics provides the best chance the field of geomatics and are thus future-oriented. of finding an attractive job in this field. Modern-day Geoinformation is a knowledge resource that is becoming geoinformation systems and complex surveys call for highly increasingly important. The more familiar we are with the qualified surveyors. They can apply their know-how in space we live in, how it evolved and how it is used and fascinating fields and major projects such as the prevention being developed, the more accurately we can predict the of natural disasters and the development of 3D models consequences of spatial planning decisions and changes. of the earth. The shift away from conventional surveying towards other, more complex tasks is opening up many new How to embark on a career in cadastral surveying: areas of activity. • Apprenticeship as an EFZ surveyor • Further education as a geomatics technician • Surveying studies at a federal institute of technology How to become a geomatician or university of applied sciences More information about career paths, • Federal licence for cadastral land surveyors. requirements and educational institutions at: • www.cadastre.ch/education
Licenced land surveyor
Licence examination
Engineer ETH Master ETH Master FH
Engineer FH Bachelor ETH Bachelor FH
Federal Institute University Geomatics Technician of Technology of Applied Sciences * Practical “Berufsmatura” Admission experience and Practical training (High school diploma) examination examination
High school Apprenticeship Geomatician EFZ
Basic school
The admission to the state For the admission to the * Graduates from professional The supplementary examination requires proof of universities, missing skills have geomatics education programs examination “Passerelle” an adequate theoretical to be supplemented. are admitted without such enables the transition from education. conditions.Graduates from “Berufsmatura” to Federal other professional back- Institutes of Technology. grounds need professional work-training in geomatics. Paths to a career in geomatics
15 Swiss Cadastral System
Surveying activities: successful cooperation
Cadastral surveying is organised in the form of a partnership. It is a joint effort between the federal government, the cantons and municipalities, and the private sector.
Flood prevention measures providing ecological added value are made Bottom right: hidden danger. With the naked eye it is difficult to detect that possible thanks to cooperation between the public sector and private this slope in Dallenwil (canton of Nidwalden) has been shifting for many companies. Large photo: estuary near Hagneck, Lake of Biel. years. Precise data regarding ground movement facilitate predictions and Bottom left: Lyssbach in Lyss. help prevent damage.
16 Swiss Cadastral System
Who is responsible for what? Shared task The federal government and the cantons share responsibility Federal level: Federal Directorate of for cadastral surveying. Strategic management Cadastral Surveying and supervision approx. 12 employees • Federal government: strategic management and supervision Programme and performance agreements The federal government defines the overall national strategy together with the cantons and specifies Cantonal level: Cantonal the quality requirements. The responsible authority is Operational surveying authorities the Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying at the management approx. 210 employees Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo).
• Cantons: operational management Service contracts The cantons are responsible for the realisation of
cadastral surveying. The cantonal authorities responsible Municipal level: Implementation Private land surveying offices, for the supervision of surveying specify the respective municipal surveying offices implementation plans, manage the activities involved and approx. 2,700 employees define the implementation standards. • Municipalities, urban surveying authorities, private surveying bureaus: implementation Licensed land surveyors who are listed in the Register of Surveyors manage the tasks that require qualified personnel.
Financing and legal aspects The federal government and the cantons jointly finance cadastral surveying. The cantons bear the costs that are not covered by either federal contributions or third parties. The costs associated with ongoing updates are covered on a user-pays basis. The data belong to the respective canton, which is also authorised to collect the related fees and charges.
Integral part of the cadastral system Cadastral surveying is an integral part of the Swiss cadastral system, along with the land register and the cadastre of public-law restrictions on landownership (PLR cadastre). More than 100 years of cooperation The federal government has been working closely with the cantons and the private sector ever since the Swiss Civil Code was introduced more than a hundred years ago.
• www.cadastre.ch/history
17 Quality of life: the cadastral system helps to shape our country with foresight.
18 View from La Dôle towards the Nyon region (canton of Vaud). the Nyon region La Dôle towards View from
19 Swiss Cadastral System
Information and contact details
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Confédération suisse Confederazione Svizzera Confederaziun svizra
Federal Office of Topography swisstopo www.cadastre.ch
cadastre.ch is the official Swiss cadastral surveying website. Publishing details It provides information about all aspects of cadastral surveying, as well as the land register and the cadastre of © 2017 Federal Office of Topography swisstopo public-law restrictions on landownership (PLR Cadastre). Edition: no. of copies in German 12,000, French 5,000, Italian 1,600, English 1,500 Adress • Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo Layout: Atelier Ursula Heilig SGD Text: Beat Hühnli Geodesy and Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying Photos: Béatrice Devènes, Team hp Schneider, swisstopo Seftigenstrasse 264, 3084 Wabern Printing: swisstopo [email protected]
Useful links • Cantonal surveying supervisory authorities: www.cadastre.ch/cantonal • Surveyors listed in the Register of Licensed Land Surveyors: www.cadastre.ch/surveyors
Orders The website also offers information, that can be download- ed, and brochures and other printed material relating to cadastral surveying and the Swiss cadastral system, that can be ordered. • www.cadastre.ch/order
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(1559) 491 F
E 9 E (1877) F (1645)
E E 10 F 2213 F D (1562) (1878) E 34 F D (1886) E 2023 F 93 11a
E 7
F F E 493 EE 434 E Wührestrasse (2344) F 10 E F F 1858 Hofwies 3 494 E E E 477 10a E (1885) F E E (1553) E 3282 EE E E
E D F F 12 33
495 97
F 5 E 11 E E F F F E 505 E F (1737) E E 3281 E 1101
F 12a E (1914) F E E 349 (1805) 16 F
14 F 476 F
8 F F 1023 E
506 5a E E 508 E E
1904 (2215) F 1102 12b (1806) (1796) F 14a E F F 496 E F F F 3b 14 F (1687) F
F 14A E 497 1264 E E F F F F 7 F
F 10b F 10a
Kindergarten (1713) 503 F
504
1235 F 430 14c
E 14B 3502 E E 1022
(2261)
10 502 (2216) F (2035) F E 350 F E E F 3227 1859 E I E I F
Wühre 1081
E 12 (2126)
330 (1950) 2609 F
14a II (2325)
(7001)
D