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Lenin Is Dead, His Museum Is Finnish the Lenin Museum In NORDI SK MUSEOLO G I 1996•2, S . 1 3 1 - 138 LENIN IS DEAD, HIS MUSEUM IS FINNISH THE L ENIN MUSEUM IN TAMPERE Aimo Minkkinen In 1995 there was a disastrous earthquake in Saha/in which destroyed the town of Neftekamsk totally. Only Lenin's statue was saved and it now stands on even ground. Symbolic? When Finland became independent in December 1917, its civil war was won by the Whites aided by German troops. Lenin sFinnish connections were no longer officially remembered. The situation changed completely after the Second World W'tu: The Lenin Museum in Tampere was founded on January 20th, 1946 by the Friendship Society ofFinland and the Soviet Union (now called The Finland-Russia Society}. It was the people of the city of Tampere bitions devoted to particular periods in who originally took the initiative in esta­ Lenin's life. His childhood is remembered blishing the Lenin Museum. As early as in Ulyanovsk, in his home town, and his the 1920s the students in the workers' last years in the village of Gorky, near institute discovered they were studying in Moscow, where he died in 1924. the very Workers' Hall where Lenin had The collapse of socialist countries has pledged to a delegation of townspeople his made the Tampere Lenin Museum a curi­ willingness to further the cause Finnish osity. The Lenin Museum has now expan­ independence. ded its task to cover an entire historical Now it is the world's last Lenin Museum. period: the era of Soviet socialism. The To be accurate, we must say «the world's museum has undertaken to preserve, exhi­ last museum of Lenin's entire life's work». bit and research the objects, documents All Lenin Museums as such in Russia and and symbols of the Soviet era. other former socialist countries have closed The Finnish journalist Simopekka Virk­ their doors, last among them being the kula writes about the Lenin Museum: «A Central Lenin Museum in Moscow, in Canadian couple are fascinated. Eyes shi­ November 1993. All that remains are exhi- ning, they display the finds they have - - - o npHsHaHix ae~ano~Moc?,"a _IHWHACl<ol · pecnydnkKk~ Co:8iT11 : Ha.po~HW<I> KoNKcoapon, ·Bil nonHoM:ii co~iiao 1B 011 npHHL\KnaMH npaBa Hal.liH _Ha OaMOODP9At.neH1e, n 0 c TA Ho -a _A a ET -1>: BoA'l'K B~ UeaTpan:r.wl HonpJ1B~Ten:r.1mn -KoMH_TeT11 011 npezVto•e- _ KieM&: . a/ 1IPH3Ha'l'b l'Ooy.qa:poTB8HHYIO He&aBHCHMOOTJ, <l>KHJI_llHACKOK PecnydnHKH · H d/ Opl'BHHSOBaH ; no -cornaweHiJO C!i ~HrulH~CKHM!i Ilpa- - ~ . BHTe~~CTBOMfl,OCOdylO KOMKCCilO K3fi _npeACTfiBRTeneJI odt.HX!i cTopoH~ .qn11 pasapadO'l'KK Tt.x11 np&.KTHqecKHX!i Mtponi11TiR, KO'l'Oplill IHTeK&IOH K3!i OTAfJieHi11 lfJHHJJRHAiH OT!i Pocc.iH. Ilpe,1tct.AaTen:r. CoB.iTa Ha ' OAHl>IX!i KoMHccapon The decree ofth e Soviet government ofthe independence ofFinland signed by V !. Lenin in December 1917. TH E L EN I N MU SEUM I N TAMP E RE made in the museum shop; among their land, signed by Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky and 133 gifts are a handful of Red Army badges. I other members of the first soviet Council myself have lingered over the bookshelves. of People's Commissars on December 31 , Where else could one still find books like 1917, was not a decision imposed on B. Ponomaryov's Marxism-Leninism, A Lenin, but rather a logical application of living and Effective Creed?» the national policy Lenin had adopted. Last year people from 68 different coun; This policy was based on the idea of a tries all over the world passed through its nation's right to self-determination, thus doors. Many travellers are impressed to it was logical that the Finnish people hear that the Museum is housed in the should themselves have the right to decide Workers ' Hall where the Russian Social their own fate . Lenin said of the indepen­ Democratic Party held two secret confc;ren­ dence of Finland: «It is impossible not to ces in the years 1905 and 1906 which acknowledge that which already exists. Lenin attended and chaired. It was in this The very fact itself demands its own very room that Lenin and Stalin met each recognition.» other for the first time during the 1905 Documents containing Lenin's writings conference in Tampere. in the Lenin Museum reveal that Lenin Stalin had heard of Lenin, and because of held Finland and the Finnish people in very the size of his reputation imagined he would high esteem and thought that Finland was be a tall man. But when he saw Lenin he one of the most highly developed democra­ was disappointed because he was not so tall. cies in existence at that time. He had come Although few records of the conference to rely on Finnish support in the struggle remain, it is known that the Bolsheviks were against the Tsar, the common enemy. given free of charge the use of the rooms, Indeed, Lenin spent the better part of which at the time housed Finland's first two years in Finland following the collap­ workers' college, and that they held a further se of the 1905 Revolution. This common session in the following year. enemy, the Tsarist regime, had a unifying In 1906 Lenin pledged to the workers of influence among the Finnish fighters for Tampere that after the revolution succee­ national freedom as it had among Russian ded in Russia his party would honour the revolutionaries. Lenin had several times nation's right to self-determination. In hidden from his enemies in Finland and accordance with this principle Finland Tampere, and later he employed several would be granted independence, should Finns as bodyguards, highly valuing their the Finnish people so desire. This pledge trustworthiness. He had many Finnish fri­ was made in the same hall which is today ends and was considered to be a general the Lenin Museum. friend of Finland. Lenin used Finland fre­ One of the most intriguing exhibits of quently in his writings as an example of the Lenin Museum is a copy of a the national question. More than 340 of December 1917 document of the Soviet Lenin's speeches, articles and other docu­ government, which granted Finland inde­ ments concerning Finland and the Finns pendence from the Tsarist empire. The can be studied in the Lenin Museum. recognition of the independence of Fin- Between 1905 and 1907 Lenin partici- AIMO MINKKINEN 134 Nikita Crushev and Andre Gromyko in the Lenin Mweum, Tampere 12. 6.1957. pated in several party conferences of THE MEANING OF Russian revolutionaries in Finland. Forced THE LENIN MUSEUM into hiding by the Provisional Govern­ ment of Russia, Lenin returned to Finland Speaking on the occasion of the museum's for a couple of months before the October 50th anniversary on January 20th 1996, Revolution in 1917 and spent much of Claes Andersson, the Finnish Minister of the time writing «The State and the Culture, paid tribute to its historical mea­ Revolution». Lenin's literary activity was, ning. The passing of the Soviet era into however, interrupted. It was «disturbed» history has only served to augment the by a political crisis in Russia, the wave of importance of Finland's Lenin Museum as the October Revolution. Lenin was only a commemoration of that time. The Lenin too glad to be disturbed in such a way: Museum has an important duty to record, «More pleasant and useful than writing investigate and express through special about revolution is making revolution.» exhibitions, documents and objects the The desk at which he worked during that world of ideas as well as the world of sym­ stay, other furniture from the Helsinki flat bols of Lenin's era. The importance of where Lenin lived and even his walking that work is emphasized by the fact that stick occupy a corner of one room in the elsewhere Lenin museums have been clo­ Lenin Museum. sed and that their collections are in great TH E L EN I N M USE U M I N T AM P E R E danger of being destroyed. The Minister policy which, after losing the war, Finland 135 of Culture mentioned that the opening of adopted in the new political situation. At Russian archives and files has offered new first the visitors to the Lenin Museum opportunities for improving the exhibi­ were mainly Soviet tourists. «Time went tions in the museum. by and the world changed. The USSR col­ The chairman of the Lenin Museum's lapsed and the Soviet tourists vanished. board, Professor Olli Vehvilainen of the But the interest m the Lenin Museum University of Tampere, pointed out that increased». the founding of the museum in 1946 was The director of the Tampere city closely connected with the new foreign museums, Toimi Jaatinen, noted that in Exhibition «Cult Lenin» 1990. AIMO MI NKK I NEN 136 many museums like the Lenin Museum Finns' efforts to disengage themselves from which concentrate on one person, visitors the grips of the Tsarist power.» (Soviet find a unique, even spiritual way to get Union - magazine 1/1970). close to a person whom they revere. A pla­ President Mauno Koivisto said that he ce where you can imagine being on the still holds the opinion he put forward in very spot where he or she stood decades or 1981 about the meaning of Lenin's natio­ centuries ago, is extremely exciting. Often nal politics to Finland. «The victory of even the most modest of the original Leninist national politics opened the road objects are more important than any other to Finnish independence.
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