F I N LAN D AND THE FINNS A Selective Bibliography FINLAND AND THE FINNS tttucrcDus in aim pater \ Dn0*Dn0 itonraDus ww> ui tt apfite feois gra pful tccfit %totnf UttrnDtns in fua oioctfi Ubzos miCRiUu pauntat! i£o:unoc# tozrup no ; no moDica* £tt$ tjor qruDem facrrDptn teletnStiu töfurg^ turbatfc it inotwotionf • B50 liteos mtCTales ftöm oerii mDinadu Cue ((tfie g eftrntu oiru kantelein tt egt?(rialme omufitatm parifien rant thtologie jpfef* fO2e infigne/optime tO2t(tto$^( inmalit t j inCpirattöe Oma t> tjonorabilem oiru QartttobmtO (?t|Otan # giä ctiSH ibefu iru fuma Diligftia ?n imlita tiuitate lube teit imp2eITO0^uftO2ttatc oiDinaria atP2Obauit 1 cöfir tnauit tt fsngulis faterDoribj Tut Diort? e? ciToe Ub2ts miffas legrrcib; (t cclttoddte toticnfifticns 16( omipote tt0 on iniTröia «ft autte bttoe \bttntt i^ault td£f(u0« quaD2agtnta Dies inoulgetiafi pc intuttts fibj pemtctqs ituTrtiroiDit relatauit ^nno Dm PH«UcfimoqD2tngctefi mooctuagtftmooctauoiDit mm, Colored woodcut in the Missale Aboense, the first book printed for Finland by printer Bartholomäus Ghotan in Lubeck, Germany, in 1488 (see entry no. 623) F I N LAN D AND THE FINNS A Selective Bibliography By Dr. Elemer Bako Former Finno-Ugrian Area Specialist European Division Library of Congress Washington 1993 The symbolic device on the cover and the title page is widely recognized by the Finns as representing the clasped hands of two Kalevala singers. The version used here is the logo of the Finlandia Foundation, Inc., a national cultural organization of Finns in the United States. This work is dedicated to the Finnish people on the seventy-fifth anniversary of their independence. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bako, Elemer. Finland and the Finns: a selective bibliography / by Elemer Bako. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-8444-0780-1 1. Finland—Bibliography. I. Title. Z2520.B33 1993 [DL1012] 016.94897—dc20 93-16151 CIP For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN 0-16-041759-7 Contents Entries Page Preface vii Introduction and Acknowledgments ix BIBLIOGRAPHY [1-1005] 1 Chapter 1 General Works (1-42) 1 2 Statistical Publications and Research (43-55) 11 3 The Land (56-130) 21 4 The People (131-159) 33 5 History (160-204) 39 6 Judicial System (205-223) 49 7 Executive System (224-272) 53 8 Legislative System ,273-301) 63 9 Social Life and Institutions (302-338) 69 10 Ethnology, Ethnography, and Folklore (339-394) 79 11 Mythology. Religion (395-412) 91 12 Finnish and Related Languages (413-470) 97 13 literature (Finnish and Other) (471-523) 109 14 Theater and Film. Photography. Music and (524-575) 123 Discography 15 Art and Architecture. Museums (576-622) 133 16 Cultural History. Press and Publishing. Libraries .. (623-694) 143 17 Science Academies and Learned Societies. (695-730) 159 Medical Services 18 Education, including Physical Education and (731-789) 167 Outdoor Activities 19 Transportation, Communications, Radio, TV, (790-815) 179 Postal Service 20 Economy I: General. Environment, Agriculture, (816-856) 187 Forestry, Hunting, Fishing 21 Economy II: Industry, Trade, Banking, Finance (857-886) 197 22 Foreign and International Affairs (887-906) 207 23 Finland and "Scandinavian Unity" (907-967) 215 24 Finns and Finland-Swedes Mainly in the U.S. and Canada (968-1005) 227 CONTENTS Index of Personal Names 236 Topical Guide to Chapter Contents . 253 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 266 VI Preface n this year of 1992, when the Finnish nation Their ready help and steadfastness have materially and her friends elsewhere in the world proudly aided our Library in its procurement efforts, result­ Icelebrate the 75th anniversary of the indepen­ ing in a Finnish collection unquestionably unique dence of the state of Finland, the Library of Con­ in our country. gress is pleased to present this work, entitled Finland Historically, the first among many officially and the Finns, a selective research bibliography by contracted Finnish exchange partners of the Li­ Dr. Elemer Bako, retired Finno-Ugrian Area Spe­ brary of Congress was the Library of the Finnish cialist, as one of its contributions to the com­ Parliament in Helsinki, which has continued to memoration of this important historical event. support us, within the provisions of the December The work is the result of many years of schol­ 1938 exchange agreement, in the development of arly and bibliographic research that has covered all our Library's holdings in the area of the official aspects of life in Finland—the intellectual produc­ publications of Finland. tivity and publishing activity of the Finns, both in A more diversified partnership arrangement their own country and abroad wherever Finns are was later developed in our contacts with the Univer­ settipä, including the United States. The work also sity Library at Helsinki, which functions also as reflects upon the success of long-standing acquisi­ Finland's National Library, Its present director, tions programs at this Library, which cover all Professor Esko Häkli, in hir concurrent capacity as subject areas cultivated by Finnish authors, re­ Finland's National Librarian, has proved to be a search institutions, and government agencies, as faithful, imaginative, and willing partner in re­ well as by other, non-Finnish students of Nordic sponding to our requests and in the all-out develop­ history, culture, and politics. ment of our relations. Especially important was As head of the institution publishing this work, Professor Hakli's cooperation, and that of his staff, I wish to express my gratitude particularly to our during the last phase of the updating of the present long-established and highly esteemed Finnish ex­ work, for which I wish to express, on behalf of the change partners, libraries, and other institutions. Library of Congress, my heartfelt gratitude. JAMES H. BILLINGTON The Librarian of Congress vn Introduction ome 360 years ago, from the exciting reports the leaders of the Finnish educated classes, who about the victories of Sweden's king Gustavus soon coined a slogan that became the battle cry of SAdolphus II (1594-1632) against the armies the Finnish nation of the time: "Swedes we are no of the Holy Roman Empire, the peoples of the longer, Russians we will not become, so let us be world—among them the English Founding Fathers Finns!" of North America—learned for the first time of the These intellectual leaders perceived the lan­ bravery of Finnish troops fighting on the Swedish guage of the overwhelming Finnish majority of side. A few years later, in 1638, the first Swedish the land to be the basis and the main determinant settlers, and with them a group of Finns, arrived of national identity. And the worldwide acclaim on the shores of the Delaware river and began that followed the publication of Elias Lönnrofs a settlement which was given the name "New Kalevala in 1835 acknowledged the arrival of a new Sweden." nation on the European stage. This was particularly Before long, however, news about Finland and true after the work's second edition in 1849, at the its people dried up because the colonization attempt time of the oppressive "Holy Alliance" of absolute failed, and because the kings of Sweden gradually monarchs. The publication of the great Finnish epic tightened control over the Finns, while making also signaled the advent of a new age when national increasing administrative moves to get at least the cultural heritage values, enhanced by the skills of educated elite of the Finns Swedicized. These at­ reading, writing, printing, and publishing in Finn­ tempts were soon checked by the decline of Sweden ish, became commonplace. While Lönnrot and his as a big power (a decline marked also by the final followers focused their attention on Finnish folk loss of their budding colony on the Delaware), poetry, epics and lyrics alike, the Finn Matthias and the memory of the Finns as a separate national Castren, the Hungarian Antal Reguly, and others entity was almost completely erased from the minds visited the ancient homelands of other kindred of most people of North America. peoples in Czarist Russia, whose similar linguistic Thus, it came as a surprise to them that, after characteristics led to the recognition of the group of Sweden lost a war against Czarist Russia in 1809, Finno-Ugrian languages. These linguistic findings the land of the Finns was joined to Russia, becom­ reaffirmed the confidence of the Finns in their ing the "Grand Duchy of Finland." To appease the ancient cultural heritage and in themselves, con­ Finns, the Czars reconfirmed the moderately effec­ vincing them that they were not a small, solitary tive privileges of autonomy they had enjoyed under people in the world, but a full-fledged member of a the Swedes. Although it was devised as a means to group of nations and ethnolinguistic entities, whose control the Finns and to facilitate their Russifica­ presence had been recorded culturally as well as tion, the removal of the land's capital from the historically from the regions south of the Arctic ancient city of Äbo (in Finnish, Turku) to the new Ocean to the environs of the Danube river, and city of Helsingfors (in Finnish, Helsinki) actually eastward to the slopes of the Ural Mountains. served as an impetus to achieve a large degree of However, the tight controls and isolation, and Finnish independence, both from the historically the censorship practiced by the bureaucracy of the dominant Swedish background and from the new, Russian Empire, placed many effective roadblocks ever more awesome Russian influence. Thus, the in the way of the Finns, barring them from estab­ romantic nationalist movements in early nineteenth lishing direct lines of communication with the century Europe found ready sympathizers among rest of the world.