The Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the publication of the Philosophical Transactions take this opportunity to acquaint the public that it fully appears, as well from the Council-books and Journals of the Society as from repeated declarations which have been made in several former , that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries till the Forty-seventh Volume ; the Society, as a Body, never interesting themselves any further in their publication than by occasionally recommending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when, from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions had happened for any length of time to be intermitted. And this seems principally to have been done with a view to satisfy the public that their usual meetings were then continued, for the improvement of knowledge and benefit of mankind : the great ends of their first institution by the Royal Charters, and which they have ever since steadily pursued. But the Society being of late years greatly enlarged, and their communications more numerous, it was thought advisable that a Committee of their members should be appointed to reconsider the papers read before them, and select out of them such as they should judge most proper for publication in the future Transactions; which was accordingly done upon the 26th of March, 1752. And the grounds of their choice are, and will continue to be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, or the advantageous manner of treating them; without pretending to answer for the certainty of the facts, or propriety of the reasonings contained in the several papers so published, which must still rest on the credit or judgment of their respective authors. It is likewise necessary on this occasion to remark, that it is an established rule of the Society, to which they will always adhere, never to give their opinion, as a Body, [ iv ] upon any subject, either of Nature or Art, that comes before them. And therefore the thanks, which are frequently proposed from the Chair, to be given to the authors of such papers as are read at their accustomed meetings, or to the persons through whose hands they received them, are to be considered in no other light than as a matter of civility, in return for the respect shown to the Society by those communications. The like also is to be said with regard to the several projects, inventions, and curiosities of various kinds, which are often exhibited to the Society; the authors whereof, or those who exhibit them, frequently take the liberty to report, and even to certify in the public newspapers, that they have met with the highest applause and approbation. And therefore it is hoped that no regard will hereafter be paid to such reports and public notices; which in some instances have been too lightly credited, to the dishonour of the Society. 1897.

L ist of I nstitutions entitled to receive the P hilosophical Transactions or P roceedings of the Royal Society.

Institutions marked a are entitled to receive Philosophical Transactions, Series A, and Proceedings. „ „ b „ „ „ „ Series B, and Proceedings. ,, ., ab „ „ „ ,, Series A and B, and Proceedings. ,. „ /> „ „ Proceedings only.

America (Central). Austria (continued). Mexico. Briinn. p. Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzate.” ab. Naturforschender Verein. America (North). (See U nited S tates and Canada.) Gratz. America (South). ab. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Steier- Buenos Ayres. mark. ab. Museo Nacional. Innsbruck. Caracas. ab. Das Ferdinandeum. b. University Library. p. Naturwissenschaftlich - Medicinischer Cordova. Verein. ab. Academia Nacional de Ciencias. Prague. Demerara. ab. Konigliche Bohmische Gesellschaft der p. Royal Agricultural and Commercial Wissenschaf ten. Society, British Guiana. Trieste. La Plata. B. Museo di Storia Naturale. b. Museo de La Plata. p. Societa Adriatica di Scienze Natural!. Rio de Janeiro. p. Observatorio. Vienna. p. Anthropologische Gesellschaft. Australia. ab. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaf ten. Adelaide. p. K.K. Geographische Gesellschaft. p. Royal Society of South Australia. ab. K.K. Geologische Reiclisanstalt. Brisbane. B. K.K. Naturhistorisches Hof-Museum. p. Royal Society of Queensland. B. K.K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft. Melbourne. p. Oesterreichische Gesellschaft fur Meteoro- p. Observatory, logie. p. Royal Society of Victoria. A. Von Kuffner’sche Sternwarte. ab. University Library. Belgium. Sydney. Brussels. p. Australian Museum. B. Academic Royale de Medecine. p. Geological Survey, ab. Academic Royale des Sciences. p. Linnean Society of New South Wales. b. Musee Royal d’Histoire Natui’elle de ab. Royal Society of New South Wales. Belgique. ab. University Library, p. Observatoire Royal. Austria. p. Societe Beige de Geologic, de Paleonto- Agram. logie, et d’Hydrologie. p. Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Um- p. Societe Malacologique de Belgique. jetnosti. Ghent. p. Societas Historico-Naturalis Croatiea. ab. University. [ Vi ]

Belgium (continued). England and Wales (continued). Liege. Cooper’s Hill. An. Society des Sciences. AB. Royal Indian Engineering College. p. Society Geologique de Belgique. Dudley. Louvain. p. Dudley and Midland Geological and b. Laboratoire de Microscopie et de Biologic Scientific Society. Cellulaire, Essex. ab. University. p. Essex Field Club. Canada. Falmouth. Hamilton. p. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society. p. Hamilton Association. Greenwich. Montreal. A. Royal Observatory. ab. McGill University. Kew. p. Natural History Society. B. Royal Gardens. Ottawa. Leeds. ab. Geological Survey of Canada. p. Philosophical Society. ab. Royal Society of Canada. ab. Yorkshire College. Toronto. Liverpool. p. Astronomical and Physical Society. ab. Free Public Library. p. Canadian Institute. p, Literary and Philosophical Society. ab. University. A. Observatory. Cape of Good Hope. AB. University College. A. Observatory. London. ab. South African Library. ab. Admiralty. Ceylon. p. Anthropological Institute. Colombo. ab. British Museum (Nat. Hist.). b. Museum. AB. Chemical Society. China. A. City and Guilds of London Institute. Shanghai. p. “ Electrician,” Editor of the. p. China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. B. Entomological Society. Denmark. ab. Geological Society. Copenhagen. ab. Geological Survey of Great Britain. ab. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. p. Geologists’ Association. Egypt. AB. Guildhall Library. Alexandria. A. Institution of Civil Engineers. ab. Biblioth&que Municipale. p. Institution of Electrical Engineers. England and Wales. A. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Aberystwith. A. Institution of Naval Architects. ab. University College. p. Iron and Steel Institute. Bangor. ab. King’s College. ab. University College of North Wales. b. Linnean Society. Birmingham. AB. London Institution. ab. Free Central Library. p. London Library. ab. Mason College. A. Mathematical Society. p. Philosophical Society. p. Meteorological Office. Bolton. p. Odontological Society. p. Public Library. p. Pharmaceutical Society, Bristol. p. Physical Society. p. Merchant Venturers’ School. p. Quekett Microscopical Club. ab. University College. p. Royal Agricultural Society. Cambridge. a. Royal Astronomical Society. ab. Philosophical Society. b. Royal College of Physicians. p. Union Society. b. Royal College of Surgeons. [ vii ] England and Wales (continued). England and Wales (continued). London (continued). Salford. p. Royal Engineers (for Libraries abroad, six p. Royal Museum and Library. copies). Stony hurst. ab. Royal Engineers. Head Quarters Library, p. The College. p. Royal Geographical Society, Swansea. p. Royal Horticultural Society, ab. Royal Institution. p. Royal Institute of British Architects. Woolwich. AB. Royal Institution of Great Britain. ab. Royal Artillery Library. B. Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, Finland. p. Royal Meteorological Society, Helsingfors. p. Royal Microscopical Society, p. Societas pro Fauna et Flora Formica. p. Royal Statistical Society. ab. Societe des Sciences. ab. Royal United Service Institution. France. ab. Society of Arts, Bordeaux. p. Society of Biblical Archaeology, p. Academic des Sciences, p. Society of Chemical Industry (London p. Faculte des Sciences, Section). p. Soeiete de Medecine et de Chirurgie. p. Standard Weights and Measures Depart p. Societe des Sciences Physiques et ment. Naturelles. AB. The Queen’s Library. Caen. AB. The War Office. p. Societe Linneenne de Normandie. Cherbourg. ab. University College, p. Victoria Institute. p. Societe des Sciences Naturelles. b. Zoological Society. Dijon. Manchester. p. Academic des Sciences. Lille. ab. Free Library. p. Faculte des Sciences. ab. Literary and Philosophical Society, Lyons. p. Geological Society. ab. Academie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts. ab. Owens College. ab. Universite. Netley. Marseilles. p. Royal Victoria Hospital. ab. Faculte des Sciences. Newcastle. Montpellier. AB. Free Library. ab. Academic des Sciences et Lettres. p. North of England Institute of Mining and b. Faculte de Medecine. Mechanical Engineers. Nantes. p. Society of Chemical Industry (Newcastle p. Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l’Ouest Section). de la France. Norwich. Paris. p. Norfolk and Norwich Literary Institution. AB. Academic des Sciences de l’lnstitut. Nottingham. p. Association Franfaise pour l’Avancement ab. Free Public Library. des Sciences. Oxford. p. Bureau des Longitudes. p. Ashmolean Society. A. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. ab. Radcliffe Library. p. Commission des Annales des Pouts et • A. Radcliffe Observatory. Chanssees. p. Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers. Penzance. p. Cosmos (M. l’A bbe V aleite). p. Geological Society of Cornwall. ab. Depot de la Marine. Plymouth. ab. Ecole des Mines. b. Marine Biological Association, ab, Ecole Normale Superieure. p. Plymouth Institution. ab. Ecole Poly technique. Richmond. ab. Faculte des Sciences de la Sorbonne, a. “ Kew " Observatory. ab. Jardin des Plantes. [ viii ] France (continued). Germany (continued). Paris (continued). Gorlitz. p .L’Electricien. p .Naturforschende Gesellschaft. a. L’Observatoire. Gottingen. p . Revue Scientifique (Mons. H. db V arigny). ab. Kdnigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. p.Societe de Biologie. Halle. AB. Societe d’Encouragement pour l’lndustrie AB. Kaiserliclie Leopoldino - Carolinische Nationale. Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher. ab. Societe de Geographic. p. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Sach p.Societe de Physique. sen und TliUringen. B. Societe Entomologique. Hamburg. ab. Societe Geologique. p. Naturhistoi’isches Museum. p.Societe Mathematique. p.Societe Meteorologique de France. ab. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein. Toulouse. Heidelberg. ab. Academie des Sciences. p. Naturhistorisch-Medizinischer Verein, A. Faculte des Sciences. ab. Universitat. Germany. Jena. Berlin. ab, Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Gesell A. Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft. schaft. A. Die Sternwarte. Karlsruhe. p.Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde. A. Grossherzogliche Sternwarte. ab. Kdnigliche Preussische Akademie der p. Technische Hochschule. Wissenschaften. Kiel. A. Physikalische Gesellschaft. p. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fur Bonn. Schleswig-Holstein. ab. Universitat. A. Sternwarte. Bremen. AB. Universitat. p .Natuvwissenscliaf Richer Verein. Konigsberg. Breslau. p.Schlesische Gesellschaft fur Vaterlandische ab. Kdnigliche Pliysikalisch - Okonomische Kultur. Gesellschaft. Brunswick. Leipsic. p.Verein ftir Naturwissenscliaft. p .Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Carlsrulie. See Karlsruhe. AB. Kdnigliche Sachsische Gesellschaft der Charlottenburg. Wissenschaften. A. Pbysikalisch-Teclniische Reiclisanstalt. Magdeburg. Danzig. p. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein. ab. Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Marburg. Dresden. ab. Universitat. p. Verein fur Erdkunde. Munich. Emden. ab. Kdnigliche Bayerische Akademie der p.Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Wissenschaften. Erlangen. p .Zeitschrift fiir Biologie. ab. Physikalisch-Medicinische Socictiit. Munster. Frankfurt-am-Main. ab. Kdnigliche Theologische und Philo- ab. Senckenbergisclie Naturforschende Gesell sophische Akademie. schaft. Potsdam. p. Zoologische Gesellschaft. A. Astrophysikalisches Observatorium. Frankfurt-am-Oder. Rostock. p,Naturwissenscliaftlicher Verein. ab. Universitat. Freiburg-im-Breisgau. Strasburg. a ab. Universitat. ab. Universitat. Giessen. Tubingen. / ab. Grossherzogliche Universitat. ab. Universitat. f. ix ]

Germany (continued). Italy. Wurzburg. Acireale. ab. Physikalisch-Medicinisc-he Gesellschaft. p. Accademia di Scienze, Letters ed Arti. Greece. Bologna. Athens. ab. Accademia delle Scienze dell’ Istituto. A. National Observatory. Catania. Holland. (See N etherlands.) ab. Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Natural!. Hungary. Florence. Buda-pest. p.Biblioteca Nazionale Centrals. p. Konigl. Ungarische Geologische Anstalt. AB. Museo Botanico. ab. A Magyar Tudos Tarsasag. Die Ungarische p. Reals Istituto di Studi Superior!. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Genoa. Hermannstadt. p.Societa Ligustica di Scienze Natural! e p.Siebenbiirgischer Verein fur die Natur- Geograficlie. wissenschaften. Milan. Klausenburg. ab. Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze, ab. Az Erdelyi Muzeura. Das Siebenbiirgische Letters ed Arti. Museum. ab. Societa Italiana di Scienze Natural!. Schemnitz. Modena. p.K. Ungarische Berg- und Forst-Akademie. p.Le Stazioni Sperimentali Agrarie Italians. India. Naples. Bombay. p.Societa di Naturalist!. ab. Elphinstone College. AB. Societa Reale, Accademia delle Scienze. p.Royal Asiatic Society (Bombay Branch). B. Stazione Zoologica (Dr. D ohrn). Calcutta. Padua. ab. Asiatic Society of Bengal. p .University. ab. Geological Museum. Palermo. p.Great Trigonometrical Survey of India. A. Circolo Matematico. ab. Indian Museum. AB. Consiglio di Perfezionamento (Societa di p.The Meteorological Reporter to the Scienze Natural! ed Economiche). Government of India. A. Reale Osservatorio. Madras. Pisa. B. Central Museum. p. 11 Nuovo Cimento. a. Observatory. p.Societa Toscana di Scienze Natural!. Roorkee. Rome. p. Roorkee College. p.Accademia Pontificia de’ Nuovi Lincei. Ireland. p.Rassegna delle Scienze Geologiche in Italia. Armagh. A. Reale Ufficio Centrals di Meteorologia e di A. Observatory. Geodinamica, Collegio Romano. Belfast. ab. Reale Accademia dei Lincei. ab. Queen’s College. p.R. Comitato Geologies d’ Italia. Cork. A. Specola Yaticana. p.Philosophical Society. ab. Societa Italiana delle Scienze. ab. Queen’s College. Siena. Dublin. p.Reale Accademia dei Fisiocritici. A. Observatory. Turin. ab. National Library of Ireland. p. Laboratorio di Fisiologia. b. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. ab. Reals Accademia delle Scienze. ab. Royal Dublin Society. Venice. ab. Royal Irish Academy. p .Ateneo Veneto. Galway. ab. Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Letters ab. Queen’s College. ed Arti. VOL. CLXXXIX.— B. [ x ] Japan, Portugal. Tokio. Coimbra. ab. Imperial University. ab. Universidade. p .Asiatic Society of Japan. Lisbon. Java. ab. Academia Real das Sciencias. Buitenzorg. p. Sec^ao dos Trabalhos Geologicos de Portugal p.Jardin Botaniqne. Oporto. Luxembourg. p. Annaes de Sciencias Naturaes. Luxembourg. Russia. p. Society des Sciences Naturellcs. Dorpat. Malta. ab. University. p .Public Library. Irkutsk. Mauritius. p.Society Imperiale Russe de Geographic (Section de la Siberie Orientale). p .Royal Society of Arts and Sciences. Kazan. Netherlands. ab. Imperatorsky Kazansky Universitet. Amsterdam. p. Society Physico-Mathematique. ab. Koninklij ke Akademie van Wetenscbappen. Kharkoff. p.K. Zoologiscb Genootschap ‘ Natura Artis p.Section Medicale de la Society des Sciences Magistral Experimen tales, University de Kharkov. Delft. Kieff. p. Ecole Polytechnique. p. Society des Naturalistes. Haarlem. Moscow. ab. Hollandsche Maatschappij der Weten- ab. Le Musee Public. schappen. b. Society Imperiale des Naturalistes. p .Musee Teyler. Odessa. Leyden. p.Society des Naturalistes de la Nouvelle- ab. University. Russie. Rotterdam. Pulkowa. ab. Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefonder- A. Nikolai Haupt-Sternwarte. vindelijke Wijsbegeerte. St. Petersburg. Utrecht. ab. Academic Imperiale des Sciences. ab. Provinciaal Geuootschap van Kunsten en B. Archives des Sciences Biologiques. W etenschappen. ab. Comite Geologique. New Brunswick. p.Compass Observatory. St. John. A. Observatoire Physique Central. p. Natural History Society. Scotland. Aberdeen. New Zealand. ab. University. Wellington. Edinburgh. ab. New Zealand Institute. p.Geological Society. Norway. p.Royal College of Physicians (Research Bergen. Laboratory). ab. Bergenske Museum. p.Royal Medical Society. Christiania. a. Royal Observatory. . ab. Kongelige Norske Prederiks Universitet. p. Royal Physical Society. Tromsoe. p. Royal Scottish Society of Arts. p.Museum. ab. Royal Society. Trondhjem. Glasgow. ab. Kongelige Norske Yidenskabers Selskab. ab. Mitchell Free Library. Nova Scotia. p. Natural History Society. Halifax. p.Philosophical Society. p.Nova Scotian Institute of Science. Servia. Windsor. Belgrade. p.King’s College Library. p.Academic Royale de Serbie. [ xi ]

Sicily. (See I taly.) United States (continued). Spain. Boston. Cadiz. ab. American Academy of Sciences. A. Institute y Observatorio de Marina de San B. Boston Society of Natural History. Fernando. A. Technological Institute. Madrid. Brooklyn. p. Comision del Mapa Geologico de Espana. AB. Brooklyn Library. ab. Real Academia de Ciencias. Cambridge. Sweden. ab. Harvard University. b. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Gottenburg. ab. Kongl. Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhalle. Chapel Hill (N.C.). p. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Lund. Charleston. ab. Universitet. p.Elliott Society of Science and Art of South Stockholm. Carolina. A. Acta Mathematica. Chicago. ab. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademie. ab. Academy of Sciences. ab. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning. p. Field Columbian Museum. Upsala. p.Journal of Comparative Neurology. ab. Universitet. Davenport (Iowa). Switzerland. p.Academy of Natural Sciences. Basel. Ithaca (N.Y.). p .Naturforschende Gesellschaft. p.Physical Review (Cornell University). Bern. Madison. ab. Allg. Schweizerische Gesellschaft. p.Wisconsin Academy of Sciences. p .Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Mount Hamilton (California). Geneva. A. Lick Observatory. ab. Societe de Physique et d’Histoire Na/turelle. New Haven (Conn.). ab. Institut National Genevois. ab. American Journal of Science. Lausanne. ab. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. p .Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. New York. Neuchatel. p. American Geographical Society. p .Societe des Sciences Naturelles. p.American Mathematical Society. Zurich. p.American Museum of Natural History. ab. Das Schweizerische Polytechnikum. p.New York Academy of Sciences. p.Naturforschende Gesellschaft. p.New York Medical Journal. p.Sternwarte. p.School of Mines, Columbia College. Tasmania. Philadelphia. Hobart. ab. Academy of Natural Sciences. p.Royal Society of Tasmania. ab. American Philosophical Society. p.Franklin Institute. United States. p .Wagner Free Institute of Science. Albany. Rochester (N.Y.). ab. New York State Library. p.Academy of Science. Annapolis. St. Louis. ab. Naval Academy. p.Academy of Science. Austin. Salem (Mass.). p.Texas Academy of Sciences. p.American Association for the Advance Baltimore. ment of Science. AB. Johns Hopkins University. ab. Essex Institute. Berkeley. San Francisco. p.University of California. ab. California Academy of Sciences. b [ XII ] United States (continued). United States (continued). Washington. Washington (continued). ab. Patent Office. ab. United States Naval Observatory. ab. Smithsonian Institution. p .United States Department of Agriculture. ab. United States Coast Survey. A. United States Department of Agriculture b. United States Commission of Fish and (Weather Bureau). Fisheries. West Point (N.Y.) ab. United States Geological Survey. AB. United States Military Academy. [ xiii ]

A djudication of the M edals of the Royal Society for the year 1897, by the President and Council.

The Copley Medal to Albert von Kolliker, For.Mem.RS., in recognition of his important work in Embryology, Comparative Anatomy, and Physiology, and especially for his eminence as a Histologist.

A R oyal Medal to Andrew Russell F orsyth, F.R.S., for his Contributions to the progress of Pure Mathematics, and especially for his work in Differential Equations and the Theory of Functions.

A R oyal Medal to Lieut.-General Sir R ichard Strachey, F.R S., for his Researches in Geographical, Meteorological, and Botanical Science.

. The Davy Medal to J ohn H all Gladstone, F.R.S., for his numerous Contri butions to Chemical Science, and especially for his important work in the Application of Optical Methods to Chemistry.

The Buchanan Medal to Sir J ohn Simon, F.R.S., for his Distinguished Services as an Organiser of Medical Sanitary Administration in this country, and as a promoter of Scientific Research relating to Public Health.

The Bakerian Lecture, " On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat,” was delivered by Osborne R eynolds, M.A., F.R.S., and W. H. Moorby.

The Croonian Lecture, “ The Mammalian Spinal Cord as an Organ of Reflex Action,” was delivered by Charles S. Sherrington, M. D., F.R.8. [ xv ]

CONTENTS.

(B)

VOL. 189.

I. On the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Palceozoic Rocks.— Cheirostrobus, a new type o f Fossil Cone from the Lower Carboniferous Strata ( CalciferousSandstone Series). B y D. H. Scott, , F.R.S., Honorary Keeper of the Jodrell LaborRoyal Gardens, Kew . page 1

II. Studies in the Morphology of Spore-Producing Members.—III. By F. O. Bower, S c.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Botany in the University o f G la sg o w ...... 35

III. On the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Paleeozoic Rocks.—II. OnSpencerites, a new genus o f Lycopodiaceous Cones from the Coal-measures, founded on the Lepidodendron Spenceri W illiamson. D. H. Scott, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., Honorary Keeper of the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Gardens, K e w ...... 83

IV. On the Development of Marsupial and other Tubidar Enamels, with Notes upon the Development of Enamel in General. By Charles S. Tomes, F.R.S...... 107 [ x v i ]

V. On the Biology o f Stereum hirsutum (F r.). B y H. Marshall W ard, D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Botany inthe University of Cambridge . . . page 123

VI. An Investigation on the Variability of the Human Skeleton: especial reference to the NaqadaRace discovered by Professor F linders P etrie his Explorations in Egypt. By E rnest Warren, University , London. Communicated by W. F. R. W eldon, ...... 135

Index to Volume 229 xvii ]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plates 1 to 6.—Dr. D. H. Scott on the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Palaeozoic Rocks.—On Clieirostrobus, a new type of Fossil Cone from the Lower Carboniferous Strata (Calciferous Sandstone Series).

Plates 7 to 11.—Professor F. 0. Bower on the Morphology of Spore-Producing Members.—III. Marattiaceae.

Plates 12 to 15.—Dr. D. II. Scott on the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Palaeozoic Rocks.—II. On Spe a new genus of Lycopodiaceous Cones from the Coal-measures, founded on the Lepidodendron Spenceri of W illiamson.

Plate 16.—Mr. C. S. Tomes on the Development of Marsupial and other Tubular Enamels, with Notes upon the Development of Enamel in General.

Plates 17 to 21.—Professor H. M. W a r d on the Biology of Stereum hirsutum (Fr.).

Plate 22.—Mr. E. Warren on the Variability of the Human Skeleton : with especial reference to the Naqada Race discovered by Professor F linders P etrie in his Explorations in Egypt.

VOL. CLXXXIX.----B. c