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Cchsieh@Ncu.Edu.Tw. ������� 2020 � 06 ��������� 57-142 2020 06 57-142 ** 1754 3 22 1760 99 NSC 99-2410-H-008-045 1754 1778 2011 12 3-4 2011 2012 3 22 Tokyo Woman’s Christian University E-mail: [email protected]. 2020 06 57-142 2020.06 1768Royal Academy of ArtsRA1 〈 〉 Royal Society of ArtsRSA 1754 Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce2 3 1 」 12 Sidney C. Hutchison, The History of the Royal Academy, 1768–1968, 2nd edition (London: Robert Royce, 1986); James Fenton, School of Genius: A History of the Royal Academy of Arts (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2006); Charles Saumarez Smith, The Company of Artists: The Origins of the Royal Academy of Arts in London (London: Modern Art Press, 2012). Smith 2 1760 “Society of Arts” 1908 “Royal Society of Arts” RSA 3 <https://www.thersa.org/>2019 8 8 59 1754511London Evening Post 「 4 cobalt 30 madder 30 14 14 17 15 1755 1 4 17 most ingenious and best fancied Designs 5 1757 60 1758 122 polite arts6 4 London Evening Post, May 11, 1754. 5 Public Advertiser, April 21, 1755. 6 1758 1759 Premiums for improving arts, &1760 Premiums for promoting polite arts Premiums Offered by the Society Instituted at London for the 60 2020.06 1758 122 22 33 1759 152 40 1758 1766 7 8 9 1760 Joshua Reynolds, 1723-1792 1769 1 2 Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce (London: printed by order of the Society, 1758, 1759, 1760). 7 1758 1775 D. G. C. Allan, “Artists and the Society in the Eighteenth Century,” The Virtuoso Tribe of Arts & Sciences: Studies in the Eighteenth-Century Work & Membership of the London Society of Arts, eds. D. G. C. Allan and John L. Abbott (Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press, 1992), pp. 91-119, 102, 106, 112. 8 Robert Dossie, Memoirs of Agriculture, and Other Oeconomical Arts, vol. 1 (London: J. Nourse, 1768), p. 27. 9 1755 104 5 1758 708 22 1764 2136 99 1773 650 1800 600 1764 D. G. C. Allan and John L. Abbott eds., The Virtuoso Tribe of Arts & Sciences, Appendix 2, “Membership and Subscriptions, 1755-1800,” pp. 365-366. 54 61 10 arts of design 11 1760 Society of Artists of Great Britain, 1761 Free Society of Artists, 176312 10 Joshua Reynolds, Discourses on Art, ed. Robert R. Wark (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 13. 21 4 2010.12 82-85 11 Giorgio Vasari, 1511-1574 “disegno” 61-6693-96 12 1759 1760 1761 Society of Artists 1765 200 1768 40 1791 William T. Whitley, Artists and Their Friends in London, 1700-1799, vol. 1 (New York and London: Benjamin Blom, 1968 [1928]), pp. 166-167, 171-174, 185-187; Ronald Paulson, Hogarth: Art and Politics 1750-1764 (Cambridge: The Lutterworth Press, 1993), pp. 315-335; Brandon Taylor, Art for the Nation: Exhibitions and the London Public 1747-2001 (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1999), pp. 7-14; Matthew 62 2020.06 13 1960 14 D. G. C. Allan William Shipley, 1715-180315 1758 1775 16 Victoria & Albert Museum Moira Thunder 2004 Hargraves, ‘Candidates for Fame’: The Society of Artists of Great Britain, 1760-1791 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005). 13 Sir Henry Trueman Wood, A History of the Royal Society of Arts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011 [1913]); D. Hudson and K. W. Luckhurst, The Royal Society of Arts 1754-1954 (London: John Murray, 1954). 14 Journal of Royal Society of Arts (1963-1986) RSA Journal 1987 A. E. Musson and Eric Robinson, Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1969); Max Louis Kent, “The British Enlightenment and the Spirit of the Industrial Revolution: The Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (1754-1815),” PhD dissertation (University of California, Los Angeles, 2007). Kent 15 D. G. C. Allan, William Shipley: Founder of the Royal Society of Arts; a Biography with Documents (London: Hutchinson, 1968). 16 Allan, “Artists and the Society in the Eighteenth Century,” pp. 91-119. Journal of Royal Society of Arts 132 (Feb., Mar., Apr., May 1984): 204-205, 271-276, 339-341, 401-406. Allan Susan Bennett The History of The RSA: A Bibliography (London: The William Shipley Group for RSA History, 2007). 63 17 John Batchelor18 Anne Puetz 2008 1754 1778 1758 271759 151760 14 1761 1762 9.6 9.11763 10.8 1778 「19 high art “academic” bias 20 17 Moira Thunder, “Improving Design for Woven Silks: The Contribution of William Shipley’s School and the Society of Arts,” Journal of Design History 17: 1 (2004): 5- 27. 18 Natalie Rothstein, Silk Designs of the Eighteenth Century: In the Collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum (London: Thames & Hudson, 1990), “Biographical Index,” pp. 302-303. 19 Anne Puetz, “The Society and the ‘Polite Art’ 1754-1778: ‘best drawing’, ‘High’ Art and Designs for the Manufactures,” Cultivating the Human Faculties: James Barry (1741-1806) and the Society of Arts, ed. Susan Bennett (Bethelehem: Lehigh University Press, 2008), pp. 26-49. 20 Puetz, “The Society and the ‘Polite Art’ 1754-1778,” p. 43. 64 2020.06 21 James Barry, 1741- 1806 1777 1783 Great Room The Progress of Human Culture and Knowledge22 Martin Myrone 1760 《23 1779 21 Susan Bennett ed., Cultivating the Human Faculties: James Barry (1741-1806) and the Society of Arts (Bethelehem: Lehigh University Press, 2008). 22 Orpheus A Grecian Harvest HomeCrowning the Victors at Olympia。Commerce, or the Triumph of the ThamesThe Distribution of Premiums in the Society of ArtsElysium, or the State of Final Retribution William L. Pressly, James Barry’s Murals at the Royal Society of Arts: Envisioning a New Public Art (Cork: Cork University Press, 2014). 23 Martin Myrone, “Patriotism, Virtue, and the Problem of the Hero: The Society’s Promotion of High Art in the 1760s,” Cultivating the Human Faculties: James Barry (1741-1806) and the Society of Arts, ed. Susan Bennett, pp. 50-63. 65 high art 24 25 24 Ronald Paulson, Hogarth: High Art and Low, 1732-1750 (Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 1991). 25 《 66 2020.06 1660 Royal Society Society of the Virtuosi of St. Luke, 1689-1768 The Rose and Crown Club, c.1704-1745 The Academy in Great Queen Street, 1711-1720 St Martin’s Lane Academy, 1720-1724; 1735-1768 〉 26 1707 Society of Antiquaries 1734 Society of Dilettanti Grand Tour 27 1730 1731 Dublin Society for Promoting Husbandry and other Useful Arts 28 1754 26 Ilaria Bignamini, “Art Institutions in London, 1689-1768: A Study of Clubs and Academies,” Walpole Society 54 (1988): 19-148. 27 Susan Pearce ed., Visions of Antiquity: the Society of Antiquaries of London 1707– 2007 (London: Society of Antiquaries of London, 2007); Bruce Redford, Dilettanti: the Antic and the Antique in Eighteenth-century England (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum and the Getty Research Institute, 2008). 28 The Royal Dublin Society, RDS 67 29 * 1754 Edinburgh Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Sciences, Manufactures, and Agriculture30 31 32 1747 Northamptondrawing master Northampton Philosophical Society Board of Trade George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, 29 Allan, William Shipley, pp. 47-48. 30 **Edinburgh Select Society Alastair Smart, The Life and Art of Allan Ramsay (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1952), pp. 74-75; Roger L. Emerson, “The Social Composition of Enlightened Scotland: the ‘Select Society of Edinburgh’, 1754-1764,” Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century 114 (1973): 291-330; Davis Dunbar McElroy, Scotland’s Age of Improvement: A Survey of Eighteenth-century Literary Clubs and Societies (Washington: Washington State University Press, 1969). 31 D. G. C. Allan, “The Society of Arts and Government, 1754-1800: Public Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce in Eighteenth-Century England,” Eighteenth-Century Studies 7: 4 (Summer 1974): 434-452. 32 Jonathan Shipley, 1676-1719 Martha Davies, d. 1757Twyford William Davies, 1658-1727 Allan, William Shipley, pp. 1-6. 68 2020.06 1716-1771 1752 1753 Dr. Stephen Hales, 1677-176133 Jacob Bouverie, 1st Viscount Folkestone, 1694-1761Robert Marsham, 2nd Baron Romney, 1712-1794 1754 3 22 Rawthmell’s Coffee House 1755 2 5 34 1758 708 35 1753 6 36 ornaments 37 33 D. G. C. Allan, “Hales, Stephen,” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Published online 23 Sep. 2004, This version: 28 Sep. 2006). 34 1768 Maidstone 35 Allan and John L. Abbott eds., The Virtuoso Tribe of Arts & Sciences, “Appendix 2,” pp. 365-366. 1755 1800 1764 2136 1772 1300 1400 1773 1800 300 600 2 guineas 20 Rules and Orders of the Society, Established at London, for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufacturers, and Commerce (London, 1758), p. 13 36 1753 Thomas Mortimer, A Concise Account of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce (London, 1763), pp. 9-18 Allan, William Shipley, pp. 42-46. 37 William Shipley, Proposals for Raising by Subscription a Fund to be Distributed in Premiums for the Promoting of Improvements in the Liberal Arts and Sciences, Manufactures, &. Mortimer, A Concise Account, p. 9. 69 1753 12 》 × 38 39 38 William Shipley, A Scheme for Putting the Proposals in Execution. Mortimer, A Concise Account, p. 17. 39 74-86 70 2020.06 1754 3 22 drawing 16 40 1754 5 11 1756 Gentleman’s Magazine 41 42 40 Allan, William Shipley, pp. 188-189. 41 Gentleman’s Magazine 26 (Feb. 1756): 61-62. 42 11 71 Mechanics Fancy Variety43 44 51 45 43 Gentleman’s Magazine 26 (Feb. 1756): 61-62. 82 44 1758 Premiums (1758), p. 16. 45 Gentleman’s Magazine 26 (Feb. 1756): 62. 72 2020.06 1763 Thomas Mortimer, 1730-1810 46 a branch of education 47 1758 1759 ⋯⋯48 46 Thomas Mortimer, A Concise Account of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce.
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