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Dobosz R. 1988 Flora i Fauna Pienin – Monografie Pienin´ skie 1: 159–161, 2000 Siatkoskrzydłe (Neuropteroidea) ROLAND DOBOSZ Dział Przyrody Muzeum Górnos´la˛skiego, Pl. Jana III Sobieskiego 2, 41–902 Bytom Tres´c´. Brak jest całos´ciowych opracowan´ fauny Neuropteroidea Pienin. Jedy- nie w trzynastu pracach podawane sa˛, najcze˛s´ciej pojedyncze informacje, o owadach siatkoskrzydłych. Niniejsza praca podsumowuje stan poznania neu- ropterofauny Pienin. Z dotychczas wykazanych osiemnastu gatunków (około 20% fauny krajowej) dwanas´cie podał autor. Wykazane z tego regionu gatunki nalez˙a˛ do czterech rodzin: Sialidae (2 gatunki z 3 polskich), Raphidiidae (2 ga- tunki z 7 polskich), Hemerobiidae (10 gatunków z 33 polskich) oraz Chrysopi- dae (4 gatunki z 24 polskich). Nie stwierdzono w Pieninach przedstawicieli pie˛ciu rodzin: Inocelliidae, Coniopterygidae, Osmylidae, Sisyridae oraz Myr- meleontidae. Spos´ród dotychczas wykazanych gatunków na szczególna˛ uwage˛ zasługuja˛: Megalomus tortricoides RAMBUR, 1842, M. hirtus (LINNAEUS, 1761), Hemerobius contumax TJEDER, 1932, Micromus lanosus (ZELENY, 1961) i Peye- rimchoffina gracilis (SCHNEIDER, 1851). Zwraca uwage˛ fakt, iz˙ wymienione rzadsze i ciekawsze gatunki preferuja˛ siedliska ciepłe, dobrze nasłonecznione i suche. W Pieninach moz˙na spodziewac´ sie˛ kolejnych interesuja˛cych przedsta- wicieli owadów siatkoskrzydłych zwia˛zanych z tym typem s´rodowisk, zwłasz- cza z rodzin Raphidiidae, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae i Chrysopidae. HISTORIA BADAN´ w tym regionie. W pracy Sitowskiego i Kulczyn´- skiego (1923) wykazany jest jeden gatunek wiel- Pieniny, nalez˙a˛ce niewa˛tpliwie do najcenniej- bła˛dki (Raphidioptera) – Dichrostigma flavipes szych i najciekawszych przyrodniczo regionów (STEIN, 1863), a informacja ta powtórzona jest Polski nie doczekały sie˛, jak dotychczas, całos´cio- przez Smólskiego (1960). Ostatnim przedwojen- wego opracowania fauny owadów siatkoskrzy- nym opracowaniem zawieraja˛cym informacje˛ o dłych. Ze wzgle˛du na brak historycznych jak stwierdzeniu w Pieninach najpospolitszego w Pol- i aktualnych danych niemoz˙liwe jest dokonanie sce gatunku złotooka Chrysoperla carnea (STEP- kompleksowej oceny stanu neuropterofauny Pie- HENS, 1836) jest publikacja Zac´wilichowskiego nin´skiego Parku Narodowego. (1939). Po raz pierwszy o złotooku Chrysopa phyllo- W literaturze powojennej pierwsze informacje chroma WESMAEL, 1841 z Pienin wzmiankuje dotycza˛ce owadów siatkoskrzydłych przedstawił Nowicki (1864, 1865), a za nim Dzie˛dzielewicz Karpin´ski (1954), który wykazał z Parku Narodo- (1867, 1891). Nowicki w pracy z 1870 roku wy- wego druga˛ wielbła˛dke˛ Raphidia ophiopsis LIN- mienia kolejne dwa gatunki: Sialis lutaria (LIN- NAEUS, 1758 podaja˛c równoczes´nie dane o biolo- NAEUS, 1758) oraz S. fuliginosa PICTET, 1836 gii tego gatunku. Do kon´ca lat osiemdziesia˛tych z rze˛du Megaloptera, natomiast Dzie˛dzielewicz brak publikowanych informacji na temat owadów (1891) potwierdza wyste˛powanie S. fuliginosa siatkoskrzydłych Pienin. 160 FLORA I FAUNA PIENIN – Monografie Pienin´skie, t.1 CHARAKTERYSTYKA FAUNY Anatolie˛. Zaliczyc´ go moz˙na do elementu sub- pontomedyterranen´skiego. Podobnie jak M. hirtus Autor, podczas opracowywania kolekcji Muzeum gatunek ten wyste˛puje na stanowiskach ciepłych Górnos´la˛skiego w Bytomiu oraz Instytutu Syste- i suchych o duz˙ym nasłonecznieniu, lecz zwia˛za- matyki i Ewolucji Zwierza˛t PAN w Krakowie ny jest z drzewami iglastymi. H. contumax nalez˙y (Dobosz, 1988, 1989, 1991a, 1991b), wykazał do grupy gatunków morfologicznie zbliz˙onych do dwanas´cie nowych dla Pienin gatunków Neurop- H. pini STEPHENS, 1836 i podobnie jak on, rozwi- tera (dziesie˛c´ z rodziny Hemerobiidae i dwa ja sie˛ na drzewach iglastych (Picea sp., Pinus sp., z Chrysopidae): Megalomus tortricoides RAM- Larix sp.), na ciepłych lecz nie kserotermicznych BUR, 1842, M. hirtus (LINNAEUS, 1761), Wesmae- stanowiskach. Wyste˛puje on, podobnie jak M. tor- lius subnebulosus (STEPHENS, 1836), Hemerobius tricoides, od nizin do strefy subalpejskiej (na po- humulinus (LINNAEUS, 1758), H. simulans WAL- łudniowych kran´cach zasie˛gu). Hemerobius con- KER, 1853, H. contumax TJEDER, 1932, H. micans tumax jest w Polsce znany dotychczas jedynie OLIVIER, 1792, H. marginatus STEPHENS, 1836, z jednego okazu z okolic Cieszyna. Rozmieszcze- Micromus paganus (LINNAEUS, 1767), M. lanosus nie znanych stanowisk wskazuje na to, iz˙ jest to (ZELENY, 1962), Chrysopa perla (LINNAEUS, 1758) element europejski. Ostatni z interesuja˛cych ga- [sensu SCHNEIDER], Ch. phyllochroma WESMAEL, tunków z˙yciorków – Micromus lanosus, został 1841, Peyerimchoffina gracilis (SCHNEIDER, 1851). stosunkowo niedawno wyróz˙niony z gatunku M. Dotychczas z Pienin wykazano osiemnas´cie paganus (LINNAEUS, 1767) i dlatego jego rozmie- gatunków Neuropteroidea, co stanowi około 20% szczenie nie jest jeszcze dostatecznie poznane. fauny Polski. Nalez˙a˛ one do czterech rodzin: Sia- Moz˙na go uznac´ za element s´rodkowoeuropejski. lidae (2 gatunki z 3 polskich), Raphidiidae (2 ga- Z Polski znany jest jedynie z trzech okazów tunki z 7 polskich), Hemerobiidae (10 gatunków i trzech stanowisk: z Krakowa, Czorsztyna (dane z 33 polskich) oraz Chrysopidae (4 gatunki z 24 pochodza˛ce z kolekcji muzealnych) i okolic By- polskich). Nie stwierdzono w Pieninach przedsta- tomia. To ostatnie stanowisko potwierdza general- wicieli pie˛ciu rodzin: Inocelliidae, Coniopterygi- ne preferencje siedliskowe tego gatunku podawa- dae, Osmylidae, Sisyridae oraz Myrmeleontidae. ne w literaturze. M. lanosus preferuje ciepłe, lecz Spos´ród dotychczas wykazanych gatunków nie suche s´rodowiska, a z˙yje najcze˛s´ciej na krze- zwracaja˛ uwage˛ naste˛puja˛ce: Megalomus tortri- wach, rzadziej na drzewach lis´ciastych. coides RAMBUR, 1842, M. hirtus (LINNAEUS, Spos´ród złotooków (Chrysopidae) zwraca 1761), Hemerobius contumax TJEDER, 1932, Mic- uwage˛ tylko jeden gatunek Peyerimchoffina gra- romus lanosus (ZELENY, 1961) i Peyerimchoffina cilis, który w Polsce znany jest jedynie z kilku sta- gracilis (SCHNEIDER, 1851). nowisk w górach, na pogórzu (Beskid Zachodni, Megalomus hirtus jest gatunkiem znanym Pieniny) i Wyz˙yny Krakowsko-Wielun´skiej. Ga- z dziewie˛ciu krain (wg podziału wprowadzonego tunek ten zwia˛zany jest z drzewami iglastymi, dla potrzeb Katalogu Fauny Polski), lecz wsze˛- głównie z Picea sp. i Abies sp. W południowej dzie wyste˛puje bardzo nielicznie. Preferuje ciepłe cze˛s´ci Europy S´rodkowej cze˛sto stwierdza sie˛ go i suche biotopy, gdzie rozwija sie˛ najcze˛s´ciej na w monokulturach s´wierkowych. Jest gatunkiem krzewach lis´ciastych, szczególnie che˛tnie na lesz- wyste˛puja˛cym w rejonach górskich i podgórskich czynie. Jest to gatunek europejski. Drugi przed- Europy z wyja˛tkiem Skandynawii i Półwyspu Pi- stawiciel tego rodzaju, morfologicznie bardzo renejskiego. Wyste˛puje równiez˙ w Azji (Anatolia) zbliz˙ony do poprzedniego – M. tortricoides, zo- oraz w Afryce (Maroko). stał wykazany z Polski stosunkowo niedawno Bardzo słabe poznanie neuropterofauny Pienin z góry Równicy w okolicach Ustronia (Beskid jest spowodowane brakiem planowych badan´. Po- Zachodni). Stanowisko z Pienin jest drugim mimo wyrywkowych i niepełnych danych przed- stwierdzeniem tego gatunku w naszym kraju. Je- stawione interesuja˛ce gatunki wskazuja˛ na pewna˛ go rozmieszczenie obejmuje głównie kraje base- specyfike˛ siedlisk pienin´skich. Zwraca uwage˛ nu Morza S´ródziemnego, a na wschód sie˛ga po fakt, iz˙ wymienione w powyz˙szym opracowaniu R. Dobosz – Siatkoskrzydłe (Neuropteroidea)161 rzadsze i ciekawsze gatunki preferuja˛ siedliska rakter i osobliwos´ci przyrody pienin´skiej. — Ochr. Przyr., ciepłe, dobrze nasłonecznione i suche. W Pieni- 3: 47–55. nach moz˙na spodziewac´ sie˛ kolejnych interesuja˛- Smólski S. 1960. Pienin´ski Park Narodowy. — Polska Akade- cych gatunków zwia˛zanych z tym typem s´rodo- mia Nauk, Zakład Ochrony Przyrody, Wyd. pop.-nauk., 18: 1–272. wisk, szczególnie z rodzin Raphidiidae, Coniop- terygidae, Hemerobiidae i Chrysopidae. Zac´wilichowski J. 1939. Dalsze materiały do fauny sieciarek (Neuroptera) Polski. — Fragm. faun. Mus. zool. pol., 4: 7–12. PIS´ MIENNICTWO Dobosz R. 1988. Dwa nowe gatunki z˙yciorkowatych (Plani- SUMMARY pennia, Hemerobiidae) dla fauny Polski. — Polskie Pis- mo ent., 58: 489–491. Eighteen species, among them twelve given by Dobosz R. 1989. Siatkoskrzydłe (Neuropteroidea) w zbiorach Muzeum Górnos´la˛skiego w Bytomiu. — Roczn. Muz. the author, have been known to occur in the Pie- Górnos´la˛skie, Ser. Przyr., 12: 75–90. niny. They belong to four families: Sialidae (2 Dobosz R. 1991a. Snake-flies (Raphidioptera, Neuropteroi- species among three Polish species), Raphidiidae dea) of Poland – a faunistic review. — Annls Upper Siles. (2 species out of 7 Polish species), Hemerobiidae Mus., Ent., 2: 191–208. (10 species out of 33 Polish species), and Chry- Dobosz R. 1991b. Neuropteroidea in the collection of the In- sopidae (4 species out of 24 Polish species). Rep- stitute of Animal Systematics and Evolution PAS in Cra- resentatives of the five families have not been re- cow. — Annls Upper Siles. Mus., Ent., 2: 221–233. corded from the Pieniny Mountains: Inocelliidae, Dzie˛dzielewicz J. 1867. Wykaz owadów siatkoskrzydłych Coniopterygidae, Osmylidae, Sisyridae, and Myr- (Neuroptera). — Spraw. Kom. fizyograf., 1: 158–165. meleontidae. Among the species determined so Dzie˛dzielewicz J. 1891. Przegla˛d fauny krajowej owadów far, especially important are: Megalomus tottri- siatkoskrzydłych (Neuroptera, Pseudoneuroptera). — coides RAMBUR, 1842, M. hirtus
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