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A Systematic Checklist of the Hemerobiidae of the World (Insecta: Neuroptera)

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A Systematic Checklist of the Hemerobiidae of the World (Insecta: Neuroptera) - -- -- --ppp Advance\ in Neuropterology Proceedings ol the rhird International Sympos~unlon Neuropterology Berg en , & Pretoria, Dal, Kruger- National Park, R S A !9g Mansell,- M W hk,H (E&) R S A 1990 Pp 215-262 A systematic checklist of the Hemerobiidae of the world (Insecta: Neuroptera) Victor J. MONSERRAT Ilniversidad de Complutense, Madrid, Spain ABSTRACT This paper alphabetically catalogues the extant taxa of HEMERORIIDAE. All genera and species described since Linnaeus (1758) are listed to facilitate easy reference, including the original author, data and country for each. Type species of all genera are indicated. The common misidentifications and established synonyms are chronologically listed. More than 50 new combinations are proposed and some homonymies have been detect- ed. Fifteen nominn dubin and 28 rtomim nuda species are also included to make the catalogue more comprehensive. The family Hemerobiidae presently comprises 546 valid extant species belonging to 42 valid genera. The 61 genera and 222 species previously synonymized by various authors are excluded from the above total. Five subspc- cics, 25 varieties and two forn~sare listed as well. Key words: Hemerohiidae. checklist, world c;~talogue, \ysternallcs INTRODUCTION With a nearly world-wide distribution, the family HEMEROBIIDAE can be considered one of the most common families of Neuroptera, both as regards abundance of individu- als and the number of species. Only Myrmeleontidac and Chrysopidae surpass them in terms of described species. This complicates a general systematic study, which is almost irrq~ossiblebccause of the large number of species which have been inadequately described on the basis of irrelevant characters. Genital structures, which are definitive in the deter- mination of most species, have been practically ignored. Deficient typification of many species and taxonomic problems emanating from the inadequate delimitation of genera, combined with poor attempts at general classifications, makes a review of the Hemerobii- dae one of the most urgent priorities in the study of Neuroptera. Since Linnaeus (1758) erected the indefinite genus Hrrnerobius the number of taxa has ~ncreasedto the point where the volume of data is difficult to handle. Despite this, no general revisions have hitherto been attempted. Numerous papers and monographs of importance have been published, and they have gradu- ally addressed many general questions: Banks (1905a), Nakahara (1960a): or certain genera, Kimmins (1937, 1943): or certain geographic areas, Carpenter (1940), Tjeder (1961), Aspiick & Aspiick (1964b), Aspiick. Aspock & Hiilzel(1980): or countries, Esben-Petersen (1 929a), Killington (1936, 1937), Zimmermann (1940), Meinander (1962), Kuwayama (1 962), Zeleny (1963), Alayo (1968), Kis, Nagler & M2ndru (1970), Penny & Monserrat (1985) etc. However, only the Nearctic, European and South African faunas represent a "satisfacto- ry" level of knowledge, although data on biology and larval stages of many species are still woefully inadequate. In general, what is known about the remainder of the brown lacewings is not satisfactory. Although there are some good descriptions, most are based on irrelavant data and need to be adequately revised. New synonymies and combinations should appear after the remaining original material has been properly studied and redescribed, and many species whose type series have been lost will also be designated as nomina dubia. Sorne attempts at systematic and general classification of the family have been made. Us- ing characters of wing venation, Cornstock (1918) and Kriiger (1922) created five subfa- milies: DREPANEPTERYGINAE, MEGALOMINAE, HEMEROBIINAE, SYMPHEROBIINAE and MICROMINAE. Some were used simultaneously at a tribal level (NavBs 1933a) or were elevated to family category (Brues & Melander 1932; Kuwaya- ma 1962). Lastly, Nakahara (1960a) divided the family into two subfamilies. NOTIO- BIELLINAE and HEMEROBIINAE, based upon the presence or absence of the phallolingual membrane in males. Since the validity of these classifications has been ques- tioned and thcy have not been widely accepted, a general classification on the basis of adequate characters is still pending (Tjeder 1961; Aspock, Aspock & Hiilzel 1980). The first prerequisite in undertaking a general study of this family is the compilation of a world catalogue of the known taxa. Besides the above-mentioned works, the following papers contain some catalogues that list the local fauna of specific regions or countries (Nakahara 1919; Stange 1967; Ghosh & Sen 1977; Penny 1977). However, since Hagen (1866) listed the species and known synonymies and transferred many species that were originally described in Hemerobius to other genera, there has been no attempt to compile a general list. Some species with poor original descriptions, which are still included in this genus, will probably be transferred to other genera, families or even orders when the original material is located and studied. This paper catalogues as completely as possible, all taxa of extant Hemerobiidae, listing the genera and species, as well as subspecies, varieties and forms described since 1758 and not subsequently transferred to other families or orders. I wish to note that although every endeavour has been made to consult the most important bibliographical sources, it is possible that some existing taxa are not included here. The list of genera and species is alphabetically arranged to facilitate easy access, and in- cludes a brief bibliographical reference with the author and date of publication, as well as the country or geographical region where first collected. For all genera, each type- species is marked with an asterisk and the common misidentifications and established syn- omyms are listed chronologically in italics. All species are listed according to their original designation or follow the actual renomi- nation if the species was transferred to another genus. More than 50 new con~binations are also proposed, and it should be mcntioncd that somc species names will require modifi- cation pending future studies. Some homonymies have been detected, but replacement names will not be designated until the relevant taxa have been adequately studied. Finally, there is also mention of some early species which lack references, as original descriptions could not be traced or were perhaps not published. In these cases, the first reference citing the name is simply noted. Fifteen nomina dubia and 28 nornina riuda spe- cies are also mentioned in the list to make it more complete. The existing family HEMEROBIIDAE comprises 546 valid species belonging to 42 valid genera, excluding the 61 genera and 222 species previously proposed as synonyms. Without doubt, a thorough study of this family will reduce the number of presently valid taxa even World catalogue of Hernerobiidae further, and new descriptions will be added in future. But, whatever the case, 1 hope that this list will provide an initial basis for future general studies of the family. Family HEMEROBIIDAE Latreille, 1803. Afiomicromus Nakahara, 1960a see Micromus Rambur, 1842 Allemerobius Banks, 1940 *Allemerobius flaveolus Banks, 1940. CHINA Allotomyia Banks, 1930c. see Boriomyia Banks, 1904 Ameromicromus Nakahara, 1960a see Micromus Rambur, 1842 Anapsectra Tjeder, 1975 *Anapsectra medleri Tjeder, 1975 NIGERIA Annandulia Needham, 1909 see Psectra Hagen, 1866 Anomicromu.~Nakahara, 1960a see Micromus Rambur, 1842 Anotiobiella Kimmins, 1928 see Hemerobius Linnaeus, 1758 Archaeornicromus Kriiger, 1922 see Micromus Rambur, 1842 Austromegalomus Esben-Petersen, 1935b *Austromegalomus brunneus Esben-Petersen, 1935b TAHITI Austromegalomus insulanus Oswald, 1988 RAPA ISLAND Austromicromus Nakahara, 1960a see Micromus Rambur, 1842 Bestreta NavBs, 1924b see Drepanepteryx Leach, 1815 Boriomyia Banks, 1904b nec 1905a =Allotomyia Banks, 1930c *Borio~-nyia fidelis (Banks, 1897) = Hemerobius fidelis Banks, 1897 USA Boriomyia speciosa (Banks, 1904) =Hemerobius speciosus Banks, 1904a USA Boriomyia Banks, 1905a nec 1904b see Wesmaelius Kriiger, 1922 Brauerobius Kriiger, 1922 see Hemerobius Linnaeus, 1758 Buxtonia Esben-Petersen, 192% see Notiobiella Banks, 1909 Canisius Navris, 1913d see Drepanepteryx Leach, 1815 Carobius Banks, 1909 Carobius angustus Banks, 1909 AUSTRALIA *Carobius pulchellus Banks, 1909 AUSTRALIA Carobius subfasciatus Tillyard, 1916 AUSTRALIA Carobius trifurcatus Kimmins, 1940 AUSTRALIA Coloma NavBs, 1915c see Sympherobius Banks, 1904 Conchopterella Handschin, 1955 *Conchopterella kuscheli Handschin, 1955 CHILE Conchoptcrella maculata Handschin, 1955 CHILE Drcpariacra Tillyard, 1916 = Menopteryx Kriiger, 1922 Drepanacra binocula (Newman, 1838) = Drepanepteryx binoculus New man, 1838 AUSTRALIA = *Drt.punc.pteryx humilis McLachlan, 1866 AUSTRALIA =Drepanepteryx itzstabilis McLachlan, 1866 NEW ZEALAND = Mega1omu.s lanceolatus Gerstaecker, 1885 AUSTRALIA = Drepanepteryx humilior Hare, 1910 NEW ZEALAND = Drepanepteryx maori Hare, 19 10 NEW ZEALAND = Drepanacra hardyi Tillyard, 1916 TASMANIA = Drepanacra froggatti Till yard, 19 16 AUSTRALIA =Drr~patzacrcinorfolkensis Till yard, 19 17 NORFOLK ISLANDS Drcpanacra binocula v. longitudinalis Till yard, 1916 =Drepanacra humilis v. longitudinalis Tillyard, 1916 TASMANIA Drepanacra binocula v. tasmanica Tillyard, 1916 = Drepanacra humilis v. tasmanica Tillyard, 1916 TASMANIA Drepanacra binocula v. pallida Tillyard, 19 16 =Drepanacra instabilis v. pallida Tillyard, 1916 TASMANIA Drepanacra binocula v. rubrinervis
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