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(Neuroptera) from the Upper Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa Amber, Northern Siberia

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(Neuroptera) from the Upper Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa Amber, Northern Siberia Cretaceous Research 93 (2019) 107e113 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Short communication New Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera) from the upper Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa amber, northern Siberia * Vladimir N. Makarkin a, Evgeny E. Perkovsky b, a Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia b Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Bogdana Khmel'nitskogo 15, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine article info abstract Article history: Libanoconis siberica sp. nov. and two specimens of uncertain affinities (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae) are Received 28 April 2018 described from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Cenomanian) Nizhnyaya Agapa amber, northern Siberia. Received in revised form The new species is distinguished from L. fadiacra (Whalley, 1980) by the position of the crossvein 3r-m 9 August 2018 being at a right angle to both RP1 and the anterior trace of M in both wings. The validity of the genus Accepted in revised form 11 September Libanoconis is discussed. It easily differs from all other Aleuropteryginae by a set of plesiomorphic 2018 Available online 15 September 2018 character states. The climatic conditions at high latitudes in the late Cenomanian were favourable enough for this tropical genus, hitherto known from the Gondwanan Lebanese amber. Therefore, the Keywords: record of a species of Libanoconis in northern Siberia is highly likely. © Neuroptera 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Coniopterygidae Aleuropteryginae Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa amber 1. Introduction 2. Material and methods The small-sized neuropteran family Coniopterygidae comprises This study is based on three specimens originally embedded in ca. 570 valid extant species, and is distributed over much of the two pieces of amber from the Nizhnyaya Agapa locality in Taimyr globe (Oswald, 2018). Thirty-two fossil species are known from the Peninsula (northern Siberia). Its location is shown in the map in Late Jurassic to the Miocene (pers. data). Of these, sixteen species Gumovsky et al (2018, fig. 1). Amber was collected from the upper have been described from Cretaceous ambers, i.e., from Lebanese, horizons of the Dolgan Formation (Zherikhin, 1978), and is dated to Charentese, Burmese, New Jersey, Vendean and Taimyr ambers late Cenomanian, mainly by pollen (Saks et al., 1987; Babushkin (Engel, 2016; Liu and Lu, 2017; Makarkin and Perkovsky, 2017). et al., 2000; Lebedeva and Zverev, 2003; Lebedeva, 2008). The Taimyr amber localities are situated in northern Siberia, and Rasnitsyn et al. (2016) characterized this amber locality in more of great importance for understanding the biota in the northern detail. extremes of Cretaceous Laurasia. Five species belonging to three The photographs were taken by A.P. Rasnitsyn (PIN) using a neuropteran families (i.e., Coniopterygidae, Sisyridae, and Hemer- Leica M165 stereomicroscope with an attached Leica DFC 425 obiidae) are known from the Santonian Taimyr amber localities of digital camera. Line drawings were prepared by VM using Adobe Yantardakh and Ugolyak (Meinander, 1975; Makarkin, 1994; Photoshop CS3. Perkovsky and Makarkin, 2015; Makarkin and Perkovsky, 2016, The venational terminology follows Makarkin and Perkovsky 2017). However, no Neuroptera have been described from the (2017). Terminology of wing spaces and details of venation (e.g., older (late Cenomanian) Taimyr amber locality of Nizhnyaya Agapa. traces, veinlets) follows Oswald (1993). Zherikhin (1978) reported on three specimens of Coniopterygidae, Abbreviations: AA1eAA3, first to third anterior anal vein; CuA, preliminarily assigning them to one undescribed species. Herein we anterior cubitus; CuP, posterior cubitus; MA and MP, anterior and describe these specimens. posterior branches of media; RA, anterior radius; RP, posterior radius; RP1, proximal-most branch of RP; ScP, subcosta posterior. Institutional abbreviations: PIN, Paleontological Institute of the * Corresponding author. Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia. E-mail address: [email protected] (E.E. Perkovsky). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.006 0195-6671/© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 108 V.N. Makarkin, E.E. Perkovsky / Cretaceous Research 93 (2019) 107e113 3. Systematic paleontology as second and third tarsomeres together; fourth tarsomere flat- tened, strongly bilobed; terminal tarsomere slender; claw probably Order Neuroptera Linnaeus, 1758 somewhat dilated basally. Family Coniopterygidae Burmeister, 1839 Thorax very poorly preserved; details not discernible. Abdomen Subfamily Aleuropteryginae Enderlein, 1905 not preserved. Forewing ca. 1.60 mm long as preserved (estimated complete Genus Libanoconis Engel, 2002 length ca. 1.9 mm), 0.63 mm wide. Costal space very narrow Revised diagnosis. In both wings, RP1 running smoothly towards medially, slightly dilated basally and distally. Basal subcostal vein- wing margin (not strongly angled at 3r-m), and crossvein 3r-m in lets poorly discernible. ScP, then presumable ScP1 stout, running distal position connecting RP1 and M distad its fork; in hind wing, nearly parallel to costal margin. Crossvein-like part of ScP2 located M bifurcate. much proximad ra-rp. RA, then distal part of presumable ScP2 Species included. L. fadiacra (Whalley, 1980) (type species) from the stout. Subcostal space very narrow basally, broad distad 1r-m; lower Barremian Lebanese amber and L. siberica sp. nov. from the 1scp-r not detected (poorly discernible). RP originated very far from upper Cenomanian Taimyr amber. wing base, with one distal branch (RP1). RP1 space broad, with one Remarks. The genus is assigned to the subfamily Aleuropteryginae crossvein connecting presumable ScP2 and RP distad origin RP1. M based on the branching of M in the forewing: it is trifurcate in most basally not fused with R. Anterior trace of M without long setae on genera of Aleuropteryginae, whereas only bifurcate in all Con- weak thickenings, distally with two long, widely spaced pectinate iopteryginae, both fossil and extant. In the single genus Cretaco- branches (M1, M2). Three crossveins between M, R/RP: basal 1r-m niopteryx Liu and Lu, 2017 of the Cretaceous subfamily short connecting R, M; 2r-m long connecting RP in proximal part, Cretaconiopteryginae, M is also bifurcate, but this genus strongly M; 3r-m long, connecting RP1 and M distad origin M2 at nearly differs by other characters. right angle to both veins. Two crossveins between M, Cu: basal 1m- cu short, located slightly proximad 1r-m; 2m-cu long, located Libanoconis siberica sp. nov. proximad 2r-m. Cu dividing into CuA, CuP near wing base, prox- Figs. 1e4 imad 1m-cu. CuA, CuP long, simple, slightly divergent distally. Derivation of name. From the Latin Sibericus [-a,-um], Siberian. Crossvein between CuA, CuP (1icu) slightly oblique, located Material. Holotype PIN 3426/237-1, collected in 1973 during a PIN approximately in middle position between 1r-m and 2r-m. Two expedition; an incomplete specimen in amber broken into six crossveins between CuP, AA1 (1cu-a, 2cu-a), located relatively near pieces (Fig. 1A). to one another. AA1, AA2 long, connecting by long crossvein 1aa1- Locality and horizon. Russia: Krasnoyarskiy Krai: Taymyrsky aa2. Crossvein 1aa2-aa3 not detected (poorly discernible). Setae of Dolgano-Nenetsky District: western Taimyr Peninsula: Agapa River fringe along costal margin short, along basal posterior margin Basin: right bank of the Nizhnyaya Agapa River, 40 km below its moderately long. source, Ladonnakh Lake; Nizhnyaya Agapa locality (“lens 16”). Hind wing incompletely preserved not allowing measurement. Diagnosis. May be easily distinguished from the type species of the RP with one distal branch (RP1) which originates far from apical genus by position of crossvein 3r-m at nearly a right angle to both wing margin and running smoothly, not angled at 3r-m. RP1 space RP1 and anterior trace of M in both wings (3r-m distinctly oblique with one crossvein connecting ScP2, RP distad origin RP1. M in L. fadiacra). bifurcate slightly distad fork of RP. 3r-m long, connecting RP1 and M Description. Head very poorly preserved, with eyes moderately far distad its fork at nearly a right angle to both veins. CuA, CuP, AA1, large. AA2 simple. Legs not preserved except one of tarsi. Tarsus relatively short, Coniopterygidae indet. covered with short, dense setae; basitarsus approximately as long Fig. 5 Fig. 1. Libanoconis siberica sp. nov. Holotype PIN 3426/237-1. A, specimen as preserved, broken into six pieces (##1e6); pieces ##5 and 6 lack parts of the specimen; B, head in dorso-frontal view and one of tarsi (piece #4). Scale bars represent 2 mm (A), 0.2 mm (B). V.N. Makarkin, E.E. Perkovsky / Cretaceous Research 93 (2019) 107e113 109 Fig. 2. Libanoconis siberica sp. nov. Holotype PIN 3426/237-1, piece #3. A, anterior part of specimen, dorsal view. B, same, ventral view. Scale bars represent 0.5 mm. Material. PIN 3426/237-2, an anterior part of body, with Prothorax short, its proximal part covers occipital part of head. fragmentarily-preserved and crumpled wings. PIN 3426/238, a Legs typical for family, covered with relatively short setae. Profemur fragmentary poorly-preserved specimen; both collected in 1973 rather stout, nearly as long as protibia; protibia relatively slender. during a PIN expedition. Meso- and metafemora more elongate and slender than profemur. Locality and horizon. Russia:
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