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UFRJ a Paleoentomofauna Brasileira Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual The Brazilian Fossil Insects: Current Scenario Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Scheler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências: Patrimônio Geopaleontológico, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/nº, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 24/01/2018 Aprovado em: 08/03/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_142_166 Resumo O presente trabalho fornece um panorama geral sobre o conhecimento da paleoentomologia brasileira até o presente, abordando insetos do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico, incluindo a atualização das espécies publicadas até o momento após a última grande revisão bibliográica, mencionando ainda as unidades geológicas em que ocorrem e os trabalhos relacionados. Palavras-chave: Paleoentomologia; insetos fósseis; Brasil Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Brazilian palaeoentomology, about insects Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, including the review of the published species at the present. It was analiyzed the geological units of occurrence and the related literature. Keywords: Palaeoentomology; fossil insects; Brazil Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 142 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes 1 Introdução Devoniano Superior (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos são um dos primeiros organismos Algumas ordens como Blattodea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera e Psocopera surgiram a colonizar os ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no Carbonífero com ocorrências até o recente, continentais (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos mais primitivos são registrados a partir do Devoniano valendo ressaltar também que alguns grupos Inferior (aproximadamente 412 milhões de anos como Palaeodictyoptera e Megasecoptera também atrás), o que leva, hipoteticamente, a acreditar surgiram nesse periodo, mas extintos durante o que o surgimento da classe Insecta ocorreu noPermiano. Já os picos de diversidade das ordens Siluriano Superior (Misof et al., 2014). Já análises de insetos foram atingidos em diferentes períodos moleculares apontam que os hexápodes surgiram no geológicos, como por exemplo, Blattodea no início Cambriano Superior, ou pelo menos, no Ordoviciano do Permiano, Odonata durante o Kimmeridgiano Inferior (Rota-Stabelli et al., 2013). Isso implica (Jurássico Superior), Ephemeroptera e Psocoptera que inicialmente os insetos se diversiicaram e se durante o Mioceno e Hemiptera no inal do adaptaram ao ambiente marinho e/ou costeiro. Com Plioceno (Labandeira & Eble, 2000). Estes dados ausência de ocorrências fossilíferas de hexápodes são baseados em um contexto mundial, sendo que do Cambriano ao Siluriano, estas hipóteses tornam- o Brasil possui um excepcional registro fossilífero se controversas (Misof et al., 2014). Apesar desta de insetos, com uma abundância representativa do lacuna no registro fossilífero e da raridade de fósseis Carbonífero ao Oligoceno. no Devoniano, os demais períodos geológicos Trabalhos de levantamento sobre a apresentam uma grande diversidade e abundância paleoentomofauna brasileira já foram realizados por em nível de ordem. Martins- Neto (1987a, b; 1999b; 2005), Petrulevicius Nos primeiros 55 milhões de anos o registro & Martins- Neto (2000) e Würdig et al. (1998). No de insetos fósseis é muito pobre, sendo assinalados entanto, esta atual contribuição mostra que após somente os apterigotos, datados do Devoniano dez anos desde a última publicação sobre o estado Inferior e Médio, descritos por Engel & Grimaldida arte, o cenário dos estudos sobre insetos fósseis (2004), Hirst & Maulik (1926), Labandeiraet brasileiros avançou consideravelmente, com 125 al. (1988) e Shear et al. (1984), e fragmentos novas descrições. As formações onde há ocorrências de cutículas de Archeognata ou Zygentoma do fossilíferas estão ilustradas na Figura 1. Figura 1 Formações brasileiras com ocorrências de insetos fósseis. Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 143 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Visando atualizar estes levantamentos, com análise dos ambientes de deposição das bacias intuito de reunir informações sobre a entomofauna sedimentares brasileiras nota-se uma boa perspectiva brasileira em um único documento, facilitar a busca de preservação de insetos. Na Bacia do Paraná a bibliográica e proporcionar uma visão geral do Formação Irati é composta por depósitos de ambiente conhecimento sobre a classe Insecta no Brasil, foi marinho raso e mostra ser muito favorável para a elaborado este artigo. Esta revisão contém uma lista preservação de insetos, contendo até o momento de todas as espécies de insetos fósseis descritas 12 descrições de espécies. Já a Formação Tatuí foi formalmente para unidades geológicas brasileiras depositada em um ambiente deposicional luvial e do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico. Inclui possui a descrição de cinco espécies. A Formação ainda uma discussão a respeito das ordens e famílias Itararé, com apenas uma espécie descrita, possui mais conhecidas, e as idades onde as mesmas são entre outros ambientes, o delta marinho. Esses dados mais encontradas, comparando e discutindo estes dão a entender que, provavelmente, o Paleozoico dados com o contexto mundial. brasileiro pode apresentar uma diversidade de insetos muito maior do que a atualmente conhecida. Outra 2 Paleozoico evidência para esta airmação é o fato de que poucos pesquisadores, sendo a maior exceção Irajá Damiani O registro fossilífero brasileiro durante o Pinto, terem se dedicado continuamente aos insetos paleozoico está todo situado na Bacia do Paraná do Paleozoico brasileiro. Isso demonstra que muito (Figura 2; Tabela 1). A primeira descrição formal provavelmente a falta de pesquisadores dedicados de inseto para esta bacia sedimentar foi realizada aos estudos nesta era geológica é o principal motivo por Carpenter (1930), descrevendo a espécie da da baixa diversidade apresentada até o momento. ordem Blattodea Phyloblatta oliveirai na Formação Teixeira Soares, Carbonífero do Estado do Paraná. Recentemente, Mouro et al. (2016) reportaram Petri (1945) descreveu a espéciePhyloblatta roxoi a ocorrência de casulos da ordem Tricoptera para a para a mesma unidade geológica, e após este registro Formação Campo Mourão (Bacia do Paraná) em alguns autores relataram mais três espécies para Mafra, Santa Catarina, sendo o primeiro registro Phylloblatta (Mezzalira, 1948; Pinto & Purper, de casulos desse grupo registrado para o Permiano, 1979). Schneider (1983) descreveu mais um novo o que de fato preenche mais uma lacuna, antes gênero e espécie de Blattodea, Anthracoblattina desconhecida, para a paleoentomologia. oliveirai, também registrada para a Formação Blatídeos são mais abundantes no registro Teixeira Soares. fossilífero brasileiro do Paleozoico, o que está de Na Formação Irati há o registro das ordens acordo com as descrições para o restante do mundo. Blattodea (Pinto, 1972), Hemiptera (Pinto, 1987b, No entanto, parecem estar ainda sub-representados, 1990b; Pinto & Ornellas, 1991), Coleoptera (Pinto, pois países como Alemanha, Estados Unidos e Fran- 1987a), Neuroptera (Pinto & Ornellas, 1980), e ça, segundo o Paleobiology database, possuem um Mecoptera (Pinto, 1972). Para mais localidades e total de 1.671 espécies descritas, apenas para o Car- descrições de espécies ver a tabela 1. bonífero. Já o registro fossilífero da Rússia, Austrá- Em seu trabalho, Martins-Neto (2005) lia e Estados Unidos para o Permiano apresenta um comentou haver pesquisas em andamento e total de 1.568 descrições de espécies, enquanto que que estas revelaram mais novos táxons para o no Brasil ocorrem apenas 26 descrições, sendo 13 Paleozoico brasileiro, sendo uma família e seis no Carbonífero e 13 no Permiano. Beurlen (1956, p. novos gêneros e espécies de insetos, sendo uma 50) citou uma ocorrência, não relacionada na tabela espécie para a localidade de Monte Mor, outra para 1, na região de Aquidauana (Formação Aquidauana, Cerquilho (ambas para o Carbonífero do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul) “procedente de um siltito da São Paulo, †Eoblattida), três para Mafra (Carbonífero região da cabeceira do Córrego Limpo, trata-se de do Estado de Santa Catarina, respectivamente um um pequeno fragmento de asa de um inseto, prova- Blattodea e dois outros †Eoblattida) e uma para a velmente um fragmento da região cúbito anal de um região de Piracicaba (Permiano do Estado de São blatoideo que se assemelha ao tipo de Phyloblatta Paulo, Formação Irati, Auchenorrhyncha). Apesar Handl, colocando sob o nome provisório de Phylo- destas pesquisas nunca terem sido publicadas, este blatta sp. indet.”. Beurlen também comentou que as relato nos dá a entender que o Paleozoico brasileiro bacias sedimentares paleozoicas brasileiras são pro- é mais promissor do que parece, pois em uma prévia missoras em novas descobertas. Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 144 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos
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