602 Mr. D. E. Kimmins on the

LX1I.-Notes on the Genera Rambur and Nesobiella, gen. nov. (), with Descriptions of new Species. By D. E. KIMMINS,Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History ). THIS paper was originally intended to contain de- scriptions of new species only, but after a comparison of the male genitalia of the new species with that of existing European species had been made, it was decided to enlarge its scope, and to figure and redescribe the genitalia of all the old species of which material was available. This paper thus contains details of three new and of six old species and also of a new genus formed to receive a species which can no longer be retained within the genus Megalomus. Rambur, in 1842, described the genus Megalomus, and included in it four species, Hemerobius phalmnoides L., Ramb., M. pyraloides Ramb., and M. tineoides Ramb. The first had already had a genus (Drepanepteryx Leach) created for it, and from the remaining three Banks, in 1906, selected tortricoides as the type of the genus. He was in error, however, in stating that tortricoides Rambur was a synonym of hirtus L. Sinoe Rambur the number of described species has been increased to over thirty, giving a wide distribution, although I know of no records of the genus from Australia, New Zealand, or Africa (other than N. Africa). Until recently little use has been made in systematics of the male genitalia in the Hemerobiidze apart from the superior appendages and the ninth sternite. Tjeder, in his paper on the Boriomyia persica group, showed that valuable characters were to be found in the other genital structures, even where the superior appendages were closely related in form. For the purpose of studying the male genitalia the abdomen was removed and cleared in KOH and stained, when necessary, to render the delicate structures more visible. The drawings were made with camera lucida while the specimens were in fluid, so that different aspects of the same example could be studied. The preparations were afterwards mounted in Canada balsam. The drawings Genera Megalomus and Nesobiella. 603 of the various species are not all to the same scale, as variations in size made this somewhat impracticable. The $ genitalia in the genus Megalomus consists of the following parts :-A pair of " superior appendages " (" claspers," " cerci "), attached to the ninth tergite ; an arch-shaped chitinous framework, the tenth sternite, carrying a median process terminating in a pair of hooks, and on each side of the median process a slender spine ; a pair of elongate finger-like parameres, generally fused at their bases ; and a thin hypandrium, sagittate, in side view somewhat resembling the prow of a boat. I am much indebted to Mr. K. J. Morton for the loan of preparations and sketches which, in the early stages of this paper, enabled me to verify my deter- minations of our European species. (L.). (Fig. 1.)

Attached to the ninth tergite are a pair of " superior appendages " or " claspers." These are broad at their bases, subtriangular, their upper margins sinuate, and towards their apices bearing a few stout teeth. Ninth sternite short, outer margin rounded. The tenth sternite arch-shaped, made up of a pair of lateral upright plates, joined above by a narrow bridge. Seen from the side each lateral plate is rounded, its posterior margin strangly excised, the lower angle of the excision being expanded and compressed dorso-ventrally. From above the con- necting bridge shows a deep rectangular excision in the centre of the tailward margin. Attached to the upper portion of the arch is a median process which in-the genus Megalornus generally bears two hooks at its apex. It is a rectangular plate, suspended by its upper angles from the arch, the longitudinal median portion convex and its lower edge curved slightly upwards. From this margin there arise two hooks, fused at their bases and slightly divergent. In side view each hook is directed upward for about half its length, where it is bent outward and suddenly narrowed, terminating in a somewhat enlarged and obliquely truncated apex. At the base of the median process, on each side of it, there is a slender sword-like " lateral spine," gradually tapering and bent upwards in its outer half. Parameres situated within the arch, curved, finger-like, fused at their bases, where 604 Mr. D. E- Kimmins on the the margins are expanded upwards and outwards. On the lower surface, at the base, is a thin keel, and the apical portion of each paramere is membranous and covered with microscopic hairs. Hypandrium very lightly chitin- ized, sagittate, apex blunt, slightly excised ; a shallow keel ventrally along the median line.

Fig. 1.

A, genitalia from side (hypandrium omitted) ; B, tenth sternite from above and behind ; C, tenth sternite and parameres fmm behind ; D, parameres from beneath ; E, hypandriurn from above.

Hegalomus tortricoides Rambur. (Fig. 2.) $.-Superior appendages from the side roughly tri- angular, upper margin sinuous, with a rounded projection towards the apex, covered with setiferous tubercles. Apex of the appendage obliquely truncate, armed with Genera Megalomus and Nesiobella. 605 two or three stout teeth. Ninth sternite from the side only slightly produced, from beneath transverse. Tenth sternite with the sides broad, rounded basally, lower

Fig. 2.

Megalomus tortricoides Ramb., 2. A, apex of abdomen, lateral ; B, tenth st,ernite, lateral ; C, parameres, lateral ; D, tent,h sternite from behind ; E:, hypandrium, dorsal ; F, hypandrium, lateral. apical margin triangularly produced. Median process short, rectangular, attached to the arch by a pair of divergent arms. Apical hooks long, fused for their Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 10. Vo1. xvi. 41 606 Mr. D. E. Kimmins on, the basal two-thirds, a deep median channel between them in the fused portion. Apices narrow, abruptly angled basalwards. Parameres fused in the basal half, narrow, curved upwards, apices finely serrate beneath, a semi- circular expansion on each side at the base, and a small

Fig. 3.

Megalomus tincoidcs Ramb., 3. A, apex of abdomen, lateral ; B, tenth sternite and parameres, latoral ; C, tenth stornite, dorsal ; D, hypanclrium, dorsal.

keel ventrally. Hypandrium sagittate, concave, lateral margins thickened, reflexed, and projecting beyond the truncate apex to enclose a rectangular excision. Genera Megalomus and Nesobiella. 607

Megalomus tineoides Rambur. (Fig. 3.) Superior appendages triangular, apices produced and rounded, furnished with a number of stout teeth. Ninth sternite short, apical margin somewhat produced. Tenth sternite with broad rounded side-lobes, the connecting bridge with its apical margin produced and cleft centrally so as to form two rounded lobes. Median process in lateral view with convex margins, the apical hooks long, broad and fused at their bases, apices turned downward and outward. Lateral spines slender, bent upward, and in the only example before me crossed. Parameres long, upcurved, their bases fused and dilated outward and upward, apices slightly dilated, and bearing a narrow patch of short hairs externally. Hypandrium sagittate, margins reflexed.

Megalomus setulosus Walker. (Fig. 4.) 8.-Superior appendages from the side pear-shaped, broadest below. Prom the lower margin there arises a short, stout, somewhat inwardly-directed, finger-like process, its apex bearing a slender bristle. Lower apical angle on its inner side with two or three stout black spines. Ninth sternite from the side triangular, from below transverse, margin scarcely produced. Tenth sternite produced above at its centre in a strong bifurcate process. Lateral plates with their portions dilated tailward and twisted somewhat outward. Median Aprocess long and narrow, with a thin keel along its lower surface, angled near its apex, which bears a pair of stout hooks, fused at their bases. From the side these hooks are straight on their inner and convex on their outer sides. Lateral spines slender, bent upwards at about a right- angle midway, their apices obliquely truncate and divergent. Parameres broad and fused at their bases, in side view tapering for about a quarter of their length, then parallel and directed upward, apices bearing a number of microsco~ichairs. A rounded keel at the base ventrally. Hypandrium sagittate, concave, apex excised, outer margins thickened. Kashmir, near Srinagar, 5200 ft., Apr.-June, 1923 (F.J. Mitchell). Walker's type appears to be a female. 41* Mr. D. E. Kimmins on the

Fig. 4.

Megalomus setulosus Walk., 3. A, apex of abdomen, lateral ; B, tenth sternite and parameres, lateral ; C, tenth sternite from behind ; D, hypandrium, dorsal ; E, hypan- drium, lateral. Genera Megalornus and Nesobiella. 609 Megalomus mastus Banks. (Fig. 5.) Superior appendages triangular, directed downward, apices acute, the upper sides somewhat sinuous. Ninth sternite produced in the centre. Tenth sternite with broad oval side-lobes and a narrow connecting bridge. Median process broad, margins raised, its apex bearing the usual pair of fused hooks. These are slender, tapering and curving downward, their apices curled under and

Fig. 5.

A, apex of abtlomcn, lateral ; U, tcnth sternite, lateral ; C, parameres, lateral ; D, tenth sternitc, dorsal ; E, hyparitlrium, dorsal. outward. Lateral spines slender, acute, angled upward at about mid-length. Pararrieres slender, curved upward and lightly fused towards their bases. The actual bases are free, divergent, strongly upcurved, their lower margins with a clavate dilatation. Apices rounded in lateral, acute in dorsal view, their upper and outer margins finely serrate. Hypandrium sagittate, lateral margins 610 Mr. D. E. Kimmins on the reflexed and produced apically to form rounded lobes enclosing a narrow excision. Drawn from an example in the British Museum which was collected at Santa FB (the type-locality) by Prof. Cockerell. The wings agree very well with those of a female determined by Dr. Banks.

Fig. 6.

Megalomw latus Banks, 8. A, apex of abdomen, lateral ; B, tenth sternite, latcral ; C, parameres, lateral ; D, tenth sternito dorsal ; E, hypandrium, dorsal.

Megalomus latus Banks. (Fig. 6.) The 8 genitalia is very like that of M. m~stusBanks, but differs in the following characters :-Upper margin of the superior appendage is evenly convex, not sinuous. The margins of the median process of the tenth sternite at the origin of the apical hooks are finely serrate. The upwardly directed bases of the parameres are less dilated Genera Megalomus and Nesobiella. 61 1 and the apices more serrate. The lateral margins of the hypandrium less reflexed, their apices acute, not rounded, and with an acute excision between them. Drawn from an example determined by Dr. Banks. Megalomus punctatus, sp. n. (Fig. 7.) 8.-Head tawny, sparsely clothed with golden hairs, genae brown, vertex behind antenna? brown. Antennz with the two basal joints brown, remainder pale ; palpi

Pig. 7.

Megalomus punctatus, sp. n., 3. Genitalia, lateral. pale. Prothorax transverse, anterior margin produced in centre, posterior margin rounded. Mesothorax tawny, bearing on the praescutum, scutellum, and wing-bases a number of black bristles. Metathorax and abdomen tawny, without black bristles. Legs pale. Superior appendage from the side elongate, triangular, directed downward. Ninth sternite short, triangular. Tenth sternite bearing on its outer edge a pair of sharp teeth. Median process attached at its upper edge to the arch, and takes the form of a rectangular plate, bent Mr. D. E. Kimmins on the at right angles towards its lower edge. From this margin there arises a pair of flattened hooks directed downwards, their acute apices bent abruptly inwards. On each side of the median process is a slender, curved, sheath-like spine. Yarameres fused basally, their lower margins ribbed and terminating each in an acute spine, upper margins thin and membranous. Hypandrium thin, triangular. Anterior wing elongate, hyaline, faintly irrorated with brownish, brownish spots on the bases of the radial branches, some of the gradate veins, and around the margin of the wing. Venation pale, bases of hairs on the veins brown. Costal area broad at base, gradually tapering to apex. Basal cellule rectangular. Costal cross-veins numerous, forked. Four cross-veins between radius and subcosta. Seven branches to the radius, the apical being connected back to the radius by a cross- vein. Fork of medius beyond origin of first radial branch, lower branch twice forked before inner gradate series. Fork of Cu very close to base, Cu, with four branches. Four cross-veins between M and Cu, two between Cu and 1 A. Anal veins forked. Twelve outer and nine inner gradate veins between the radius and its branches. Posterior wing obovate, apex pointed. Membrane hyaline, with faint brownish clouds towards apex of wing, apex of M, and fork of Cu, in which places, and also before the pterostigma, the venation is brownish. Else- where it is colourless. Subcostal area narrow, parallel- sided, cross-veins numerous, simple. Two false origins to the radial sector, which emits six branches. Cu with five branches at apex. 1 A and 2 A forked, 3 A simple. Three inner, and nine outer gradate veins between the branches of Rs. Length of anterior wing 11-5 mm.

,2 posterior wing 10 mm. 1 $, Guatemala, Totonicapam, 8500-10,500 ft., " On pines " (G. C. Champion).

Megalomus insignis, sp. 11. (Fig. 8.) $.-Head dark brown, with brown hairs. Antennat: yellowish brown, basal joint large, subcylindrical, its inner side somewhat inflated. Yrothorax dark brown, Genera Megalomus and Nesohiella . 613 anterior margin rounded, meso- and metathorax and abdomeii brown, legs yellowish brown. Superior appendage broad at its base, elongate, tapering to a rounded apex, directed obliquely downward. Ninth sternite transverse, apical margin rounded ; viewed laterally subtriangular, apex rounded. Tenth sternite with the side-plates deeply excised in the lower half; connecting bridge very narrow and bearing two down-

Megalornus insiynis, sp. n., 3. A, gcnitalia, lateral ; B, gcnitalia from above and behind. wardly directed teeth. Basal portion of the median process rectangular, with a strong longitudinal convexitgr. The hooks arising from its upturned lower edge are tapered, slightly divergent, and bent abruptly downward just beyond the middle. From the apex of each hook proceeds a very fine irregularly coiled filament. Lateral spines rather broad at their bases, tapering and slightly 614 Mr. D. E. Kimmins on the curved upwards, apices acute. Parameres divergent and upcurved, strongly chitinized towards their bases. The apical portion of each paramere is chitinized only on its lower surface, the upper side being membranous. Hypandrium triangular, concave, its lateral margins reflexed downwards. Anterior wing elongate, apex pointed, anterior margin slightly waved, posterior margin rounded. Membrane brownish hyaline, a white spot or " fenestra " about the outer cross-veins of Cu,, and less conspicuous spots on the outer gradate cross-veins. A strong brown streak along the inner gradate series, another along the anal margin, and numerous small spots on the forks of the veins and around the margin of the wing. Stigma reddish. Venation pale, with brown markings. Costal area broad at base, narrowing towards apex ; costal cross-veins numerous, forked. Basal cellule rectangular, elongate. Four cross-veins between subcosta and radius, which bears eight branches. Medius forked beyond the origin of the basal radial branch, lower branch forking twice before the inner gradate series. Cu, with six branches, Cu, with two. Two cross-veins between Cu and 1 A. Anal veins forked. Cross-veins in the gradate series between the branches of the radius, nine in the inner and twelve in the outer. Posterior wing obovate, membrane hyaline, with a faint brownish cloud over the outer gradate series and a few brown spots in the apical area. Venation pale, with the exception of the reddish stigma and in the vicinity of the outer gradate series, which is brown. Subcostal area narrow, with numerous unforkcd cross- veins. Two false origins to the radial sector, which has five branches. 1 A and 2 A forked, 3 A simple. Cross- veins between the radius and branches of the sector, in the inner series two, in the outer five. Length of anterior wing 11.5 mm. ,, posterior wing 10 mm. 1 $, Guatemala, Totonicapam, 8500-10,500 ft., " On pines " (G. C. Champion). Megalomus parvulus, sp. n. (Fig. 9.) 8.-Head brown, face pale yellowish, eyes blackish. Antennz moniliform, pale brown, basal joint larger and Genera Megalonlus and Nesobiella. 615

Fig. 9.

Mcyalomus parvulus, sp. n., $. A, wings ; U, apex of abdomen ; C, tenth sternite, lateral ; U, para- meres, lateral ; E, tenth stmite from behind ; F, parameres, ventral ; G, hypanclrium, lateral ; H, hypandrium, ventral. 616 Mr. D. E. Kirnrnins on the more elongate than those succeeding it. Pronotum brown, transverse, about as wide as the head with eyes, rounded in front and the lateral margins produced to form conical warts. Mesothorax, metathorax, and abdo- rnen brownish, the whole body sparsely clothed with golden hairs. Legs pale. Superior appendage broad at the base, curved down- ward, and ending in a blunt point armed with one or two tubercles. Ninth sternite from the side triangular. Tenth sternite with its apical margin scarcely produced in the middle. Basal portion of the median process rectangular, directed outwards in its lower third. From the apical margin arise two slender down-curved hooks. Lateral spines slender, curved downwards and outwards. Parameres upturned, finger-like, fused at their bases, the blunted apex of each bearing on its outer lower margin a narrow pointed branch. Hypan- drium triangular, concave. Anterior wing elongate, apex obtusely rounded. Mem- brane hyaline, a brown spot on the first cross-vein between the branches of the cubitus, a paler spot on the lower branch of Cu,, and a brownish suffusion in the anal area. Nervures light, with pale brown spots, gradates brown. Costal area broad, gradually narrowed at base and apex, recurrent nervure enclosing an elongate cell. Costal cross-veins not exceptionally numerous, the majority forked except at the stigma. Three cross- veins between subcosta and radius. Radius with five branches, the fifth forked beyond the inner gradate series. Medius forked between the levels of the first and second radial branches. Cubitus forked near the base, its upper branch again forked before the inner gradate series, and the lower branch at the level of the fork of the medius. Two cross-veins between Cu, and Cu,. 1 A, 3 A forked, 2 A simple. Number of cross- veins between the radius and its branches, in the inner series four and in the outer series six. Posterior wing obovate, hyaline, nervures light, f&intly brownish in the apical area and in the subcostal area before the stigma. Two false origins to the radial sector, which has four branches. Vestiges of Cue present. 1 A and 2 A forked, 3 A simple. Two cross-veins in the centre of the wing, eight in the outer series. Genera Megalomus and Nesobiella. 617 Length of anterior wing 5iJ mm., of posterior wing 44 mm., of body 32 mm. West Indies, St. Vincent : 1 $ type, 1 6, 3 9, 1 2, paratypes, Windward side ; 1 paratype, Leeward, near Chateaubelais, " Thicket by stream, Feb." (H. H. Smith). Mustique Is., 2 $ paratypes. There is also a male collected by Mr. Smith at Teapa, Tabasco, in February, which appears to be identical as far as genitalia are concerned but differs slightly in venation. The inner gradate series is straighter and more regular than in the type.

Nesobiella hospes (Perkins). Wings.

This species is clearly related to Megalomus lioni Navb, but until it is possible to examine the genitalia of that species M. parvulus may be distinguished by the difference in the number of gradate veins (7111 instead of 5/12) and by the presence of five radial sectors. Megalomus hospes Perkins, as Dr. Perkins himself suggests, is not a true Megalomus ; neither the wing venation nor the $ genitalia conform to the character of the genus, and I propose to create a new genus for it, with the name Nesobiella, gen. nov. 618 On the Genera Megalomus and Nesobiella.

NESOBIELLA,gen. nov. (Fig. 10.) Costal area broad, recurrent nervule present. Three (occasionally four) branches to the radius in anterior wing. Basal cross-vein between radius and medius

Fig. 11.

Nesobiella hospes (Porkins). A, apex of abdomen ; B, tonth stornite, lateral ; C, tenth sternite, dorsal ; I), pammeres, ventral ; E, hypandrium, lateral ; F, hypandrium, dorsal. beyond the origin of the first radial branch. Cu, tri- furcate near its base. 2 A forked. In the posterior wing two false origins to Rs, which carries three branches. Normally no outer gradate series in apex of wing. Male On the Classi$cation of the Pauropoda. 619 with elongate superior appendages and a long finger-like ninth sternite. Tenth sternite with a produced hook-like central projection, but no median process or lateral spines as in Megalomw ; .parameres small, fused basally ; hypandrium blunt apically. Genotype : Megalomus hospes Perkins. In its broad costal area this genus resembles Megalomus and Wesmaelius, and in the position of the radio-medial cross-vein Boriomyia, Wesmaelius and Sympherobius (Nipernberge). From Megalomus it is separated by the number of radial branches and the absence of the outer gradate series in the hind wing ; from Wesmaelius and Boriomyia by the latter character, and from Sympherobius by the shape of the costal area. Nesobiella hospes (Perkins). (Fig. 11.) Fauna Hawaii, vol. ii. pt. 2, pp. 3G7 (1899). I have nothing to add to the general description of this , but I am able to give a more detailed account of the 3 genitalia. Superior appendages very elongate, narrow, rounded apically ; on their inner apical surfaces with a patch of short spines. Ninth sternite slightly shorter than the superior appendages, finger-like, a little curved upwards and tapering. Tenth sternite with the median dorsal portion produced backward in the form of two stout hooks, fused at their bases. Sides of the zedeagus curving downwards in thin sinuous lobes. Parameres small, inconspicuous, fused at their bases, divergent, with obliquely truncate apices. Hypandrium broad, in dorsal aspect sagittate, apex blunt, with a broad, shallow, rectangular excision. Towards the base there is a deep median depression. REFERENCES. RAMBUR,P. 1842. Hist. Nat. Ins. NOvr. p. 418. BANKS,N. 1906. Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxii. p. 42.

LXIII-An extended Class.iJication of the Pauropoda to include Two new Families. By RICHARDS. BAGNALL, D.Sc., P.R.S.E. ALTHOUGHa good deal of material has been described from various parts of the world (including several members of the Eurypauropodidze) since the appearance of Hansen's (1902) and Silvestri's (1902) important contributions, Bibliography of the Neuropterida

Bibliography of the Neuropterida Reference number (r#): 197

Reference Citation: Kimmins, D. E. 1935 [1935.??.??]. Notes on the genera Megalomus Rambur and Nesobiella, gen. nov. (Neuroptera), with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (10)16:602-619.

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