REPORT REPORT – VIOLENCE AGAINST INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN BRAZIL – 2014 DATA 2014 – BRAZIL IN PEOPLES INDIGENOUS AGAINST VIOLENCE – REPORT Violence against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil 2014 DATA REPORT Violence against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil 2014 DATA This publication was supported by Rosa Luxemburg Foundation with funds from the Federal Ministry for Economic and German Development Cooperation (BMZ). Support This report is a publication by the Missionary Council for Indigenous Peoples (Conselho Indigenista Missionário – Cimi), under the umbrella of the National Conference of Bishops of Brasil (Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil – CNBB) PRESIDENT D. Erwin Kräutler SDS Edifício Venâncio III, salas 309 a 314 Brasília-DF – Brasil – Cep 70.393-902 Phone: 55 61 21061650 www.cimi.org.br REPORT Violence against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil – 2014 Data ISBN 978-85-87433-08-4 RESEARCH COORDINATION Lúcia Helena Rangel – Professor of Anthropology at PUC-SP RESEARCH AND DATA COLLECTION Cimi Regional Branches and the Cimi Documentation Office ORGANIZATION OF DATA TABLES Eduardo Holanda, Leda Bosi and Marluce Ângelo da Silva REVISION OF DATA TABLES Lúcia Helena Rangel and Roberto Antonio Liebgott IMAGE SELECTION Aida Cruz EDITING Patrícia Bonilha ENGLISH VERSION Maíra Mendes Galvão DESKTOP PUBLISHING Licurgo S. Botelho BOOK COVER During a demonstration against the demarcation of the Araçaí Indigenous Lands by the Guarani people, farmers planted several crosses on the road that leads to their lands, in the municipality of Cunha Porã (SC) to intimidate the natives. Photo: Jacson Santana We dedicate this publication to our greater brother Fr. Iasi Junior who passionately dedicated himself for almost half a century to the cause of the indigenous peoples and the implacable denouncement of violence against them and violations of their rights in Brazil. Iasi departed to the house of Our Lord on March 22nd, 2015, a few days before reaching the milestone of 95 years of a life marked by courage and radical stances in the defense of the most vulnerable. He was elected Executive Secretary of the Missionary Council for Indigenous Peoples (Cimi) at his first Assembly, in 1975. Never letting himself feel threatened by the military dictatorship in Brazil, Iasi challenged authority whenever it violated the rights of the native peoples of this country. He became one of the first collaborators in the elaboration of the first document of assertive denouncement of violence against the indigenous peoples: Y Juca Pirama, the native: the one that must die. Unfortunately, despite the surmounting of the military dictatorship, violence against those peoples was only updated and heightened. Genocide and ethnocide are still happening in Brazil, well into the 21st Century. Iasi has left us, Cimi members, a beautiful and profound testimony of commitment and solidarity to the indigenous peoples. With Iasi, we say “no” to death projects and thicken the choir: “those who were condemned to die, the indigenous people, are the ones who must live on.” SUMMARY “The one who had mercy... Go and do the same!” ............................... 8 D. Erwin Kräutler Introduction Demarcation shutdown, racist discourse and fundamentalist court rulings: a trail of violence against the indigenous peoples ............................................. 10 Cleber César Buzatto Foreword The Federal Government and the fostering of violence against indigenous rights ....................................................... 14 Lucia Helena Rangel and Roberto Antonio Liebgott For the indigenous peoples, the land is much more than a material asset; it is fundamental for the construction of identities, ways of being, thinking, living together, building life experiences Chapter I Articles Violence against the estate “Development” versus the indigenous peoples ...... 18 Omission and delays in land regulation ....................... 43 Clóvis Antônio Brighenti Conflict pertaining territorial rights ............................ 56 Private, institutional violence: Repossession raids, illegal exploration of what is archaic within the new? ............................... 24 natural resources and property damage ...................... 60 Adelar Cupsinski, Alessandra Farias and Rafael Modesto Chapter II The recurring low budget implementation ............... 28 Violence against the individual Ricardo Verdum Murders ........................................................................ 73 MPF: Insi is unconstitutional...................................... 35 Murder attempts .......................................................... 82 Ministério Público Federal (Federal Prosecution) Involuntary manslaughter .............................................87 Racism: desire to exterminate peoples Death threats ................................................................ 90 and omission in securing their rights ....................... 38 Various threats ............................................................. 94 Iara Tatiana Bonin Malicious body injuries ................................................ 99 Misuse of power ......................................................... 102 For the indigenous peoples, the land is much more than a material asset; it is fundamental for the construction of identities, ways of being, thinking, living together, building life experiences Jorge Valente Ethnic-cultural prejudice and racism ......................... 106 Sexual violence ........................................................... 110 Chapter III Violence triggered by government omission Suicide..........................................................................115 Lack of health care .......................................................116 Death by lack of health care ........................................128 Childhood mortality....................................................132 Dissemination of alcohol and other drugs ..................133 Lack of support for indigenous school education ....... 136 General lack of support ...............................................144 Chapter IV Violence against isolated and semi-isolated peoples Isolated peoples: bound to the future ........................153 List of isolated indigenous peoples in Brazil ...............156 Chapter V Memory and Justice Guarani Farm: another indigenous prison in Minas Gerais .................................................162 Lack of demarcation is the core generator of serious violence ......................................166 Annex Tables Summary of Violence against Indigenous Peoples – 2014 Data .................................171 CIMI: Missionary Council for Indigenous Peoples ......174 Missionary Council for Indigenous Peoples 5 (Conselho Indigenista Missionário – Cimi) GLOSSARY Acir – Associação de Comunidades Indígenas e BID – Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento Coiab – Coordenação das Organizações Indígenas Ribeirinhas [Association of Indigenous and Riparian [Inter-American Development Bank – IBD] da Amazônia Brasileira [Coordination of Indigenous Communities] Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon] BNDES – Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Aesp – Assessoria Especial de Participação Social Econômico e Social [National Social and Economic Conab – Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento [Special Advisory for Social Participation] Development Bank] [National Supply Company] AGB – Associação dos Geógrafos Brasileiros [Brazilian CAR – Cadastro Ambiental Rural [Rural Conae – Conferência Nacional de Educação [National Geographers’ Association] Environmental Registry] Education Conference] AGU – Advocacia Geral da União [Attorney General’s Casai – Casa de Apoio à Saúde Indígena [Center for Condisi – Conselho Distrital de Saúde Indígena Office] Indigenous Healthcare] [District Board for Indigenous Healthcare] AIS – Agente Indígena de Saúde [Indigenous CF – Constituição Federal [Federal Constitution] Conjur – Consultoria Jurídica junto ao Ministério da Healthcare Agent] Justiça [Legal Advisory to the Ministry of Justice] CGK – Conselho de Gestão Ka’apor [Ka’apor Aneel – Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica Management Board] CPI – Comissão Pró Índio [Pro-Indigenous Committee] [National Electric Energy Agency] Cimi – Conselho Indigenista Missionário [Missionary CTI – Centro de Trabalho Indigenista [Center for ANP – Agência Nacional de Petróleo [National Council for Indigenous Peoples] Indigenous Labor] Petroleum Agency] CIR – Conselho Indígena de Roraima [Roraima Council Denasus – Departamento Nacional de Auditorias do Apoinme – Articulação dos Povos Indígenas do for Indigenous Peoples] Sistema Único de Saúde [National Auditing Department Nordeste, Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo [Articulation of of the Unified Health System] – Comissão Intersetorial de Saúde Indígena the Indigenous Peoples of the Northeast, Minas Gerais Cisi [Intersectoral Committee for Indigenous Healthcare] – Departamento Geral de Planejamento and Espírito Santo] DGPC Comunitário [General Department of Community – Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do – Articulação dos Povo Indígenas da CNA Planning] Arpinsul Brasil [Agriculture and Livestock Confederation of Região Sul [Articulation of the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil] – Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de the South] Dnit Transportes [National Department of Transportation – Conferência Nacional de Saúde Indígena – Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural [Technical CNSI Infrastructure] Ater [National Indigenous Healthcare Conference] Support and Rural Extension] CNV – Comissão Nacional