DOCSLIB.ORG

State of the World's Indigenous Peoples

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

5th Volume State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples Photo: Fabian Amaru Muenala Fabian Photo: Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources Acknowledgements The preparation of the State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples: Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources has been a collaborative effort. The Indigenous Peoples and Development Branch/ Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues within the Division for Inclusive Social Development of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat oversaw the preparation of the publication. The thematic chapters were written by Mattias Åhrén, Cathal Doyle, Jérémie Gilbert, Naomi Lanoi Leleto, and Prabindra Shakya. Special acknowledge- ment also goes to the editor, Terri Lore, as well as the United Nations Graphic Design Unit of the Department of Global Communications. ST/ESA/375 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Division for Inclusive Social Development Indigenous Peoples and Development Branch/ Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 5TH Volume Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources United Nations New York, 2021 Department of Economic and Social Affairs The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environ- mental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. Note The views expressed in the present publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso- ever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delim- itations of its frontiers. The designations of country groups in the text and the tables are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of the names of firms and commer- cial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of letters combined with figures. ST/ESA/375 United Nations publication Sales no.: E.21.IV.1 ISBN: 978-92-1-130418-3 eISBN: 978-92-1-005488-1 Print ISSN: 2518-6620 Online ISSN: 2518-6922 Copyright © United Nations, 2021 All rights reserved Contents Abbreviations used in this report ............................................v Foreword ......................................................... vii Overview .......................................................... x Chapter I: Recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights to lands, territories and resources. .1 1. The foundation of the international indigenous rights framework ..............1 2. The principle of indigenous rights to lands, territories and resources ............7 3. International indigenous rights to lands, territories and resources at the national level ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23 4. Economic and social aspects of recognizing indigenous rights to lands, territories and resources and the implementation gap . 25 Recommendations ......................................................28 Chapter II: Challenges for indigenous peoples’ rights to lands, territories and resources. 31 1. Lack of implementation of existing protections ...........................31 2. Natural resource exploitation and conservation. 38 3. Shared challenges across the extractive, hydropower, agribusiness and conservation sectors ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 49 4. Lack of access to remedy for rights violations ............................62 5. Indigenous human rights defenders and militarization ......................68 6. Conclusions and recommendations. 74 Chapter III: Implementing indigenous peoples’ rights to lands, territories and resources .... 83 Introduction ...........................................................83 1. Territorial self-governance and autonomy ...............................84 2. Lobbying, negotiations and litigation . 92 3. Mapping, demarcation and titling. 104 4. Participatory management, access and benefit-sharing ....................110 Conclusion and recommendations ......................................... 116 Chapter IV: Indigenous women and rights to lands, territories and resources .............119 1. Overview ........................................................ 119 2. Indigenous women’s rights to lands, territories and resources: legal, policy and intergovernmental frameworks ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 126 iii STATE OF THE WORLD’S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources 3. The role of indigenous women in the promotion and protection of indigenous peoples’ rights to lands, territories and resources �������������������������������������������������� 136 4. What is the price indigenous women pay for protecting their lands, territories and resources? . 140 5. Conclusion and recommendations: recognition and protection of indigenous women’s rights to lands, territories and resources ������������������������������������������������ 142 Chapter V: Indigenous peoples’ rights to lands, territories and resources and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ..............................149 1. Overview: indigenous peoples, the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals ����������������������������������������������������������������������������149 2. Indigenous peoples in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ........152 3. Indigenous peoples’ rights to lands, territories and resources and the Sustainable Development Goals ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 155 4. Challenges and opportunities for indigenous peoples in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals . 172 5. Conclusions and recommendations. .174 Boxes and Figures Article 26 of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples .....................ix Box 3. 1 Productive partnerships between indigenous peoples and civil society organizations ...................................................94 Figure 4. 1 Elimination of gender discrimination in law (percentage of countries) .......123 Box 4. 1 The Maasai women of Tanzania take the lead in strengthening their land rights: a case from East Africa .................................125 Box 4. 2 Resisting to exist: indigenous women in Brazil fighting for their rights and their lives as they demand compliance with the provisions of national and international instruments .........................................130 Box 4. 3 Indigenous women as protectors of indigenous and community land: a case from Indonesia ............................................137 Box 4. 4 Indigenous women as climate adaptation leaders in Bangladesh ...........139 Box 4. 5 The human cost of defending indigenous land and territorial rights for women in Colombia .............................................. 141 iv STATE OF THE WORLD’S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources Abbreviations used in this report AIPP. .Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact ASEAN. .Association of Southeast Asian Nations CAO. .(Office of the) Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman (of the IFC) CEDAW . Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women ECLAC . United Nations Economic Commission for Latin American and the Caribbean FAO . Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IFC. .International Finance Corporation IIRSA . Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America ILO. .International Labour Organization IPA. .Indigenous Protected Area (Australia) IPMG . Indigenous Peoples Major Group for Sustainable Development IPCC. .Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IUCN. International Union for Conservation of Nature IWGIA . International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs LAPSSET . Lamu Port South Sudan – Ethiopia Transport in East Africa MDGs. .Millennium Development Goals NCPs . National Contact Points NGO. .non-governmental organization OAS. .Organization of American States OECD. .Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OHCHR . Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights SDGs . Sustainable Development Goals UNDP. .United Nations Development Programme UNEP. .United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO. .United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UN-REDD. United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries VNR. .voluntary national review (of progress achieved in SDG implementation) WWF
Recommended publications
  • Marie Laing M.A. Thesis

    Marie Laing M.A. Thesis

    Conversations with Young Two-Spirit, Trans and Queer Indigenous People About the Term Two-Spirit by Marie Laing A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Social Justice Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto © Copyright by Marie Laing 2018 Conversations with Young Two-Spirit, Trans and Queer Indigenous People About the Term Two-Spirit Marie Laing Master of Arts Department of Social Justice Education University of Toronto 2018 Abstract Since the coining of the term in 1990, two-spirit has been used with increasing frequency in reference to Indigenous LGBTQ people; however, there is rarely explicit discussion of to whom the term two-spirit refers. The word is often simultaneously used as both an umbrella term for all Indigenous people with complex genders or sexualities, and with the specific, literal understanding that two-spirit means someone who has two spirits. This thesis discusses findings from a series of qualitative interviews with young trans, queer and two-spirit Indigenous people living in Toronto. Exploring the ways in which participants understand the term two-spirit to be a meaningful and complex signifier for a range of ways of being in the world, this paper does not seek to define the term two-spirit; rather, following the direction of research participants, the thesis instead seeks to trouble the idea that articulating a definition of two-spirit is a worthwhile undertaking. ii Acknowledgments There are many people without whom I would not have been able to complete this research. Thank you to my supervisor, Dr.
  • Are We Still the Brothers of the Trees? Perceptions and Reality Of

    Are We Still the Brothers of the Trees? Perceptions and Reality Of

    Introduction Since their brief but powerful revolution against a repressive government in 1925, and the creation of PEMASKY, the first protected Are we still the brothers of the trees? land area in the world to be officially formed by an indigenous group, the Guna of Panama have gained international fame in the anthropological world for their strong will and vibrant tradition. Following the revolution, the Guna people were eventually granted a Perceptions and Reality of Environmental Conservation in the Comarca, or ‘autonomous’ territory. Guna people living in the Comarca mostly govern themselves with little intervention from the Panamanian state. The Comarca itself consists of 365 islands and about 7513 sq. kilometers of coastal land including part of a Guna Indigenous Group mountain range, virgin rainforest, and some of the most pristine coral reefs in the Caribbean. Considered the “brothers of the trees” by their own religious teaching, the Guna have always expressed an intimate relationship with and understanding of the mother earth, or “Nana,” a caring, but punishing figure who created all that we presently experience as natural, including the Guna people. Additionally, Guna tradition gives importance to a figure of spiritual protection known as a “Galu” which often guards important natural features. However, like in most once-isolated parts of the world, the group has experienced the effects of the outside world more heavily in recent years than before, especially since the construction of a road into the Comarca in 1970 . Tourists now visit the region in greater numbers and packaged products are regularly imported into the Comarca, which lacks the infrastructure to manage inorganic waste.
  • Inter-American Court of Human Rights

    Inter-American Court of Human Rights

    INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS CASE OF THE KICHWA INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF SARAYAKU v. ECUADOR JUDGMENT OF JUNE 27, 2012 (Merits and Reparations) In the Case of Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku , the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (hereinafter “the Inter-American Court” or “the Court”) composed of the following judges: Diego García-Sayán, President; Manuel E. Ventura Robles, Vice-President; Leonardo A. Franco, Judge; Margarette May Macaulay, Judge; Rhadys Abreu Blondet, Judge; Alberto Pérez Pérez, Judge; Eduardo Vio Grossi, Judge ; and also present, Pablo Saavedra Alessandri, Secretary, and Emilia Segares Rodríguez, Deputy Secretary, pursuant to Articles 62(3) and 63(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter “the Convention” or “the American Convention”) and Articles 31, 32, 42, 65 and 67 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court 1 (hereinafter “the Rules of Procedure”), delivers this Judgment, which is structured in the following manner: 1 The Rules of Procedure approved by the Court at its Eighty-fifth Regular Period of Sessions held on November 16-28, 2009, apply in this case in accordance with the provisions of Article 79 of said Rules of Procedure. Article 79.2 of the Rules of Procedure stipulates that“[i]n cases in which the Commission has adopted a report under Article 50 of the Convention before these Rules of Procedure have come into force, the presentation of the case before the Court will be governed by Articles 33 and 34 of the Rules of Procedure previously in force. Statements shall be received with the aid of the Victim’s Legal Assistance Fund, and the dispositions of these Rules of Procedure shall apply”.
  • Indigenous and Tribal People's Rights Over Their Ancestral Lands

    Indigenous and Tribal People's Rights Over Their Ancestral Lands

    INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 56/09 30 December 2009 Original: Spanish INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES’ RIGHTS OVER THEIR ANCESTRAL LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES Norms and Jurisprudence of the Inter‐American Human Rights System 2010 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Derechos de los pueblos indígenas y tribales sobre sus tierras ancestrales y recursos naturales: Normas y jurisprudencia del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos = Indigenous and tribal people’s rights over their ancestral lands and natural resources: Norms and jurisprudence of the Inter‐American human rights system / [Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights.] p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5580‐3 1. Human rights‐‐America. 2. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐America. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Land tenure‐‐America. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Legal status, laws, etc.‐‐America. 5. Natural resources‐‐Law and legislation‐‐America. I. Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc.56/09 Document published thanks to the financial support of Denmark and Spain Positions herein expressed are those of the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights and do not reflect the views of Denmark or Spain Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 30, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A.
  • From Sovereignty to Self-Determination: Emergence of Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Natural Resources Management

    From Sovereignty to Self-Determination: Emergence of Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Natural Resources Management

    From Sovereignty to Self-Determination: Emergence of Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Natural Resources Management SHAWKAT ALAM* AND ABDULLAH AL FARUQUE** ABSTRACT The principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources (ªPSNRº) is now widely recognized as an important principle of international law. It derives its meaning from the instrument that is widely regarded as establish- ing its status in international lawÐthe United Nations (ªU.N.º) General Assembly Resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962, ªPermanent Sovereignty over Natural Resourcesº (ªthe 1962 Declarationº). The pream- ble to the 1962 Declaration de®nes the principle, asserting that any measure in respect of PSNR ªmust be based on the recognition of the inalienable right of all States freely to dispose of their natural wealth and resources in accordance with their national interests, and on respect for the economic in- dependence of States.º However, since its inception in the second half of the twentieth century, PSNR has been increasingly considered as a principle ex- pressive of the right of peoples, not just states. Indeed, there is a discernible trend of extending the principle of PSNR to the interests of indigenous peo- ples so that they can exercise control over their traditional lands and territo- ries. Indigenous peoples are receiving increasing attention in international instruments. States are now under an obligation to exercise permanent sov- ereignty on behalf of their indigenous communities, as well as for the bene®t of their citizens as a whole. The exercise of three particular rights of indige- nous peoplesÐthe right to self-determination, the right to traditionally own land and resources, and the right to prior informed consentÐcan help indig- enous peoples exercise their right to permanent sovereignty within the nation state.
  • Redalyc.A Summary Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti-Guarani Segmental

    Redalyc.A Summary Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti-Guarani Segmental

    Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas ISSN: 1981-8122 [email protected] Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Brasil Meira, Sérgio; Drude, Sebastian A summary reconstruction of proto-maweti-guarani segmental phonology Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, vol. 10, núm. 2, mayo- agosto, 2015, pp. 275-296 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=394051442005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Hum., Belém, v. 10, n. 2, p. 275-296, maio-ago. 2015 A summary reconstruction of proto-maweti-guarani segmental phonology Uma reconstrução resumida da fonologia segmental proto-mawetí-guaraní Sérgio MeiraI, Sebastian DrudeII IMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Belém, Pará, Brasil IIMax-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics. Nijmegen, The Netherlands Abstract: This paper presents a succinct reconstruction of the segmental phonology of Proto-Maweti-Guarani, the hypothetical protolanguage from which modern Mawe, Aweti and the Tupi-Guarani branches of the Tupi linguistic family have evolved. Based on about 300 cognate sets from the authors’ field data (for Mawe and Aweti) and from Mello’s reconstruction (2000) for Proto-Tupi-Guarani (with additional information from other works; and with a few changes concerning certain doubtful features, such as the status of stem-final lenis consonants *r and *ß, and the distinction of *c and *č ), the consonants and vowels of Proto-Maweti-Guarani were reconstructed with the help of the traditional historical-comparative method.
  • 'Culture Collecting': Examples from the Study of South American (Fire)

    'Culture Collecting': Examples from the Study of South American (Fire)

    The Cracks, Bumps, and Dents of ‘Culture Collecting’: Examples from the Study of South American (Fire) Fans As rachaduras, solavancos e amolgadelas da ‘coleta de cultura’: exemplos do estudo dos abanos (para fogo) sul-americanos Konrad Rybka Leiden University, The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract: Ethnography, a means of representing the culture of a people graphically and in writing, as well as ethnographic museums, institutions devoted to conserving, contextualizing, and displaying indigenous heritage for wider audiences, strive to portray cultures adequately and on their own terms. However, given that the ethnographic enterprise has virtually always been carried out by and within non-indigenous scientific structures, its products are at a high risk of being tinged by the Western lens, in particular Western scientific theory and practice. This article focuses on the ethnographic record of South American fire fans – defined by ethnographers as tools for fanning cooking fires – to demonstrate how such biases can be removed by taking stock of the entirety of the relevant ethnographic heritage and analyzing it through the prism of the documented practices in which such objects are enmeshed, including the very practice of ethnography. In the light of such practices, the ethnographic record of fire fans deconstructs into a corpus of historical documents revealing the momentary, yet meaningful, technological choices made by the indigenous craftsmen who produced the objects and exposing Western categories, Kulturkreise mentality, and culture-area schemata imposed on them. Keywords: collection; fire fans; Lowland South America. Resumo: A etnografia, enquanto meio de representar a cultura de um povo graficamente e por escrito, bem como os museus etnográficos, instituições dedicadas a conservar, contextua- lizar e exibir o patrimônio indígena para um público mais amplo, se esforçam para retratar as culturas de forma adequada e em seus próprios termos.
  • Peoples in the Brazilian Amazonia Indian Lands

    Peoples in the Brazilian Amazonia Indian Lands

    Brazilian Demographic Censuses and the “Indians”: difficulties in identifying and counting. Marta Maria Azevedo Researcher for the Instituto Socioambiental – ISA; and visiting researcher of the Núcleo de Estudos em População – NEPO / of the University of Campinas – UNICAMP PEOPLES IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA INDIAN LANDS source: Programa Brasil Socioambiental - ISA At the present moment there are in Brazil 184 native language- UF* POVO POP.** ANO*** LÍNG./TRON.**** OUTROS NOMES***** Case studies made by anthropologists register the vital events of a RO Aikanã 175 1995 Aikanã Aikaná, Massaká, Tubarão RO Ajuru 38 1990 Tupari speaking peoples and around 30 who identify themselves as “Indians”, RO Akunsu 7 1998 ? Akunt'su certain population during a large time period, which allows us to make RO Amondawa 80 2000 Tupi-Gurarani RO Arara 184 2000 Ramarama Karo even though they are Portuguese speaking. Two-hundred and sixteen RO Arikapu 2 1999 Jaboti Aricapu a few analyses about their populational dynamics. Such is the case, for RO Arikem ? ? Arikem Ariken peoples live in ‘Indian Territories’, either demarcated or in the RO Aruá 6 1997 Tupi-Mondé instance, of the work about the Araweté, made by Eduardo Viveiros de RO Cassupá ? ? Português RO/MT Cinta Larga 643 1993 Tupi-Mondé Matétamãe process of demarcation, and also in urban areas in the different RO Columbiara ? ? ? Corumbiara Castro. In his book (Araweté: o povo do Ipixuna – CEDI, 1992) there is an RO Gavião 436 2000 Tupi-Mondé Digüt RO Jaboti 67 1990 Jaboti regions of Brazil. The lands of some 30 groups extend across national RO Kanoe 84 1997 Kanoe Canoe appendix with the populational data registered by others, since the first RO Karipuna 20 2000 Tupi-Gurarani Caripuna RO Karitiana 360 2000 Arikem Caritiana burder, for ex.: 8,500 Ticuna live in Peru and Colombia while 32,000 RO Kwazá 25 1998 Língua isolada Coaiá, Koaiá contact with this people in 1976.
  • 2021 UCI Trials World Championships Must Register All Persons Included in the Delegation Using the Following Form

    2021 UCI Trials World Championships Must Register All Persons Included in the Delegation Using the Following Form

    Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Rules .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Selection of Participants ............................................................................................................................ 4 4. Riders Categories ....................................................................................................................................... 4 5. Competition Format .................................................................................................................................. 4 National Team Competition .......................................................................................................................... 6 6. Registration and Riders’ Confirmation ...................................................................................................... 7 Online registration ......................................................................................................................................... 7 7. Riders confirmation ................................................................................................................................... 8 8. Delegation Accreditation ..........................................................................................................................
  • LIU Alm.Del - Bilag 57 Offentligt

    LIU Alm.Del - Bilag 57 Offentligt

    Ligestillingsudvalget 2020-21 LIU Alm.del - Bilag 57 Offentligt CEDAW/C/DNK/CO/9 Distr.: General 8 March 2021 Advance unedited version Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Concluding observations on the ninth periodic report of Denmark* 1. The Committee considered the ninth periodic report of Denmark (CEDAW/C/DNK/9) at its 1797th, 1798th and 1799th meetings (see CEDAW/C/SR.1797, 1798 and 1799) held online on 22, 23 and 24 February 2021. The Committee’s list of issues and questions is contained in CEDAW/C/DNK/Q/9 and the responses of Denmark are contained in CEDAW/C/DNK/RQ/9. A. Introduction 2. The Committee appreciates the submission by the State party of its ninth periodic report, as well as its follow-up report to the previous periodic report (CEDAW/C/DNK/CO/8/Add.1). It welcomes the oral presentations by the well-prepared delegations of Denmark as well as of the territories of Greenland and the Faroe Islands and the further clarifications provided in response to the questions posed orally by the Committee during the dialogue. 3. The Committee commends the State party for having agreed, on an exceptional basis in light of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and post crisis reconstruction in order to avoid a gap in the protection of women’s rights in the State party to participate in the online dialogue with the Committee remotely from Copenhagen, Nuuk, and Thorshavn. It also commends the multi-sectoral delegation of the State party, which was headed by Ms.
  • Ecuadorian Territory

    Ecuadorian Territory

    1 Territories of Life • 2021 REPORT ICCA Consortium 2 There are Indigenous Peoples living throughout Ecuadorian territory. However, there are regions where they have a prominent presence, for example in the Amazon and the Sierra. In the Amazon, there are the following nations: Achuar, Ai’Kofán, Waorani, Siekopai (also known as Secoya), Quijos, Andwa, Shuar, Siona, Shiwiar, Sapara, and Amazonian Kichwa (comprised of multiple autonomous peoples, including the Kichwa People of Sarayaku). The Amazon region is also home to the Tagaeri and Taromenane Indigenous peoples in isolation,3 or “peoples in voluntary isolation,” as Saraguro, Paltas, and higland Kichwa. Ecuador A national analysis on the status of territories of life several studies estimate that at least 40% of Ecuadorian territory (104.06 km) corresponds to the territories Author(s):1 Paola Maldonado, Jaime Robles, Verónica Potes of Indigenous Peoples and local communities. The 1 Paola Maldonado Council Co-chair of the theme on “Documenting Territories of Amazon is the region with the largest area of Indigenous Life” territories, representing 73% of the country’s territories Jaime Robles Verónica Potes is a lawyer and activist for human rights and collective It is estimated that at least 40% of Ecuadorian the equator in South America, it is one of the smallest territory (approximately 104,059.1 km) are territories of and most densely populated countries in the region. 2 nations. In a plurinational and intercultural state, the which is home to the country’s largest areas of tropical recognition and guarantee of territorial and collective forest in good state of conservation. The highland region rights and the rights of nature is an essential path to (Sierra Kofán, Siona, Siekopai (Secoya), Shuar (in Ecuador, 3 The Tagaeri Taromenane are isolated family groups, linguistically Wampís nation in Peru) and the Achuar in Ecuador Pueblos indígenas aislados y de reciente contacto and Peru.
  • The Dramatic Rise in Killings of Environmental and Land Defenders 1.1.2002–31.12.2013 Deadly Environment Contents

    The Dramatic Rise in Killings of Environmental and Land Defenders 1.1.2002–31.12.2013 Deadly Environment Contents

    DEADLY ENVIRONMENT THE DRAMATIC RISE IN KILLINGS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND LAND DEFENDERS 1.1.2002–31.12.2013 DEADLY ENVIRONMENT CONTENTS Executive summary 4 Recommendations 7 Methodology and scope 8 Global findings and analysis 12 Case study: Brazil 18 Case study: Phillipines 20 Conclusion 22 Annex: methodology and scope 23 Endnotes 24 3 The report’s findings and recommendations were noted DEADLY at the summit, with UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay commenting, “It is shocking, but it is not ENVIRONMENT a surprise to me because this is what my own office has been finding in respect of the land claims of indigenous people, not only here in Brazil but elsewhere.”5 THE RISE IN KILLINGS Yet in the month after the Rio summit, 18 environmental OF ENVIRONMENTAL and land defenders were murdered across seven countries. The day the summit closed, two advocates for fishermen’s AND LAND DEFENDERS rights were abducted nearby in Rio de Janeiro state. Almir Nogueira de Amorim and João Luiz Telles Penetra6 7 8 9 were found executed a few days later. They had long campaigned to protect Rio’s fishing communities from the expansion of oil operations. To date, no-one has been held to account for their killings. Executive summary They were just two of 147 known killings of activists in 2012, making it the deadliest year on record to be defend- Never has it been more important to protect the environ- ing rights to land and the environment. ment, and never has it been more deadly. Competition for access to natural resources is intensifying against a back- In December 2014 government officials from around drop of extreme global inequality, while humanity has the world will gather for the next climate change talks already crossed several vital planetary environmental in Lima, Peru.