BAKI UNİVERSİTETİNİN XƏBƏRLƏRİ
ВЕСТНИК БАКИНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА
NEWS OF BAKU UNIVERSITY
HUMANİTAR ELMLƏR seriyası
серия ГУМАНИТАРНЫХ НАУК series of HUMANITARIAN SCIENCES
№ 4 2019 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019
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UOT 81’373; 001.4
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0ΩTDOΩGΩ $]ΩUED\FDQGLOLPDWHULDOÕΩVDVÕQGD[VXVLDGODUVLVWHPLQGΩNLV|]\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷Õ SURVHVOΩULDUDúGÕUÕOÕUΨVDVPΩTVΩG[VXVLDGODUÕQ\DUDQPDVXOODUÕQÕQV|]\DUDWPDQÕQVSHVLILN [VXVL\\ΩWOΩULQLQ PΩ\\ΩQOΩúGLULOPΩVLGLU 7ΩGTLTDW PDWHULDOÕ J|VWΩULU NL $]ΩUED\FDQ GLOLQLQ RQRPDVWLN OHNVLNDVÕQÕQ ]ΩQJLQOΩúPΩVLQGΩ OHNVLN-VHPDQWLN VXO PKP URO R\QD\ÕU 0Ω\\ΩQ HGLOPLúGLUNL[VXVLDGODUÕQ\DUDQPDVÕQÕQΩVDVÕQGDRQLPOΩúPΩOHNVLNOΩúPΩYΩVNLPLP[WΩOLI TUDPPDWLN SURVHVOΩU GXUXU ;VXVLOΩ TH\G ROXQXU NL RQLP\DUDWPD SURVHVLQGΩ HSRQLPOΩúPΩ RNND]LRQDOGHULYDVL\DNRPSR]LVL\DVXOXLOΩGΩP[WΩOLIOHNVLNYDKLGOΩUΩPΩOΩJΩOLU$SDUÕODQ DUDúGÕUPD RQLP\DUDWPDQÕQ PXPQΩ]ΩUL PΩVΩOΩOΩULQL GΩTLTOΩúGLULU RQLPOΩúPΩ SURVHVOΩULQLQ TDYUDQÕOPDVÕQDN|PΩNHGLUQRPLQDVL\D SURVHVLQGΩWΩIΩNNUIΩDOL\\ΩWLQLQ[VXVL\\ΩWOΩULQL]Ω oÕ[DUPD÷DLPNDQYHULU$OÕQPÕúQΩWLFΩOΩUV|]\DUDWPDQÕQPXPLPΩVΩOΩOΩULQLQJΩOΩFΩNGΩGDKD GΩULQGΩQ|\UΩQLOPΩVLQΩN|PΩNHGΩFΩNGLU
$oDUV|]OԥU [VXVLDGODUQRPLQDVL\DRQLP\DUDWPDVXOODUÕRQLPOԥúPԥRNND]LRQDO derivasiya
øQVDQ FԥPL\\ԥWLQLQ Yԥ LGUDNÕQ GDLPL LQNLúDIÕ GLO TDUúÕVÕQGD Kԥ\DWÕQ Yԥ LQVDQIԥDOL\\ԥWLQLQEWQVDKԥOԥULQL\HQLDGODUODWԥPLQHWPԥNYԥ]LIԥVLQLTRyur. +ԥUGLOVLVWHPLP[WԥOLIDGODQGÕUPDYDVLWԥOԥULQԥPDOLNGLU³øQVDQÕQOLQqvokrea- WLYIԥDOL\\ԥWLRQXQPKPDVSHNWOԥULQGԥQELULRODQV|]\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕWԥNFԥP- FԥUUԥGVWUXNWXUYԥPRGHOOԥUԥVDVÕQGDLQVDQIDNWRUXQXQԥ]ԥUԥDOPDGDQ|\UԥQLOԥ ELOPԥ]´ 6|]\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷Õ GHULYDVL\D GLOVLVWHPLQLQELUKDOTDVÕNLPLLQVDQÕQ[DULFi vԥ daxili tԥcrübԥ elementlԥULQLQ LúDUԥlԥULQL IRUPDODúGÕUÕU 6|] \DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQ ԥsas mԥqsԥd vԥ vԥzifԥlԥrinԥ X\÷XQRODUDTRQXQRPLQDVL\DSURVHVOԥrinԥ xidmԥt edԥn vasitԥlԥr, vahidlԥr, ԥlaqԥlԥr vԥ s. sistemi kimi müԥyyԥnlԥúGLULULN%LUoR[ inNLúDIHWPLúGillԥrdԥ mԥhz bu sistem söz çԥrçivԥsindԥԥtraf alԥm obyektlԥrinin adODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ Yԥzifԥsini yerinԥ \HWLULU 6|] \DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQ RQRPDVLRORML DV- pektlԥrini tԥsvir edԥrԥk onun ԥsas cԥhԥtlԥrini müԥyyԥn etmԥk mümkündür: söz \DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQEWQYDVLWԥlԥri, üsXOODUÕYԥ modellԥri nominasiya mԥsԥlԥlԥrinԥ
5 xidmԥt etmԥNoQ\DUDQÕUYԥ mövcud olur. 6|]\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQԥsas aspektlԥri hԥm ümumdilçilik nԥzԥriyyԥsi vԥ me- toGRORJL\DVÕKԥm dԥ dilçiliyin ԥn yeni nailiyyԥtlԥULED[ÕPÕQGDQWԥGTLTDWoÕODUGD E|\N PDUDT GR÷XUXU ùEKԥsiz ki, mԥhz bu tԥdqiqatlar nԥticԥsindԥ söz \DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷Õ GLOoLOL\LQ VLVWHPOL úԥkildԥ LQNLúDI HGԥn sahԥVL ROPXúGXU %XQXQOD belԥ V|] \DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷Õ WԥGTLTDWoÕODU TDUúÕVÕQGD HOPL ED]DQÕQ JHQLúOԥndirilmԥsi üzrԥ yeni vԥzifԥlԥr qoyur. Mԥqalԥ xüsusi adlar sistemindԥ V|] \DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷Õ SURVHVOԥrinin tԥhlilinԥ hԥVUROXQPXúGXU$UDúGÕUPDQÕQPԥqsԥdi Azԥrbaycan dilindԥ [VXVLDGODUÕQ\D- ranPD VXOODUÕQÕQ V|]\DUDWPDQÕQ VSHVLILN [VXVL\\ԥtlԥrinin müԥyyԥnlԥúGLULO- mԥsidir. TԥGTLTDWÕQ RE\HNWL PDVLU $]ԥrbaycan dilindԥki xüsusi adlar, pred- meti isԥ RQODUÕQ\DUDQPDVXOODUÕGÕU TԥGTLTDW ]DPDQÕ Wԥsviri, müqayisԥli, komponent tԥKOLOL PHWRGODUÕQGDQ habelԥ PúDKLGԥ, ümumilԥúGLUPԥ VXOODUÕQGDQLVWLIDGԥ ROXQPXúGXU Onimyaratma prosesi: xüsusiyyԥtlԥUL VXOODUÕ Yeni adlara vԥ yeni mԥnalara dildԥ hԥU]DPDQHKWL\DFGX\XOXU6|]\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕVDKԥsindԥ yeni mԥ- QDQÕQPH\GDQDoÕ[PDVÕKԥPLúԥ \HQLV|]Q\DUDQPDVÕLOԥ ED÷OÕGÕU'HULYDVL\D aspekti onomastik vahidlԥrin struktur-semantik tԥUWLEDWÕQÕQ[VXVL\\ԥtlԥrini üzԥ oÕ[DUPD÷D imkan verԥn rakurslardan biridir. Onimyaratma (onomastik deri- YDVL\D [VXVLQRPLQDVL\D DNWÕGÕU2QXQPԥqsԥGL\HQLDGÕQ\DUDGÕOPDVÕ\HQL leksik vahidlԥrin modellԥúGLULOPԥVLGLU2QLP\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷Õ|]ԥVDVIXQNVL\DODUÕQD görԥ DGODUÕQPH\GDQDoÕ[PDVÕYԥ istifadԥsi ilԥԥlaqԥGDUGÕU'LOVLVWHPLQGԥ onim yaUDGÕFÕOÕ÷Õ|]Qԥmԥxsus yer tutur, yaranan vahidlԥrin xarakterinԥ görԥ leksik sԥviyyԥyԥ mԥQVXEGXU DQFDT RQODUÕQ \DUDGÕOPD IRUPDODUÕQD Yԥ ifadԥ vasitԥ- lԥrinԥ görԥ qrammatika sԥviyyԥsinԥ \D[ÕQODúÕU 2QXQ IRUPDODúPDVÕ Pԥyyԥn nominativ vԥzifԥnin yerinԥ yetirilmԥsinԥ tabedir. Onimyaratma prosesi xüsusi DGÕQVHPDQWLNDVÕQÕQ\ԥni leksik mԥQDQÕQPH\GDQDoÕ[PDVÕQGDQEDúODQÕU3UR- VHVLQ VRQUDNÕ Pԥrhԥlԥsindԥ motivlԥúGLUԥQ V|]Q D[WDUÕúÕ JHGLU Qԥticԥdԥ söz- yaratma modellԥri ԥVDVÕQGD\HQLRQLPԥmԥlԥ gԥlir. Mԥ]PXQED[ÕPÕQGDQRQR- mastik derivasiya yeni motivlԥúPLú V|]Q \DUDGÕOPDVÕQGDQ LEDUԥtdir. “Sözün deULYDWLYLQNLúDIÕRQXQGHULYDVL\D[VXVL\\ԥtlԥULQLQUHDOL]DVL\DVÕQÕQԥzԥrdԥ tu- tur ki, bu xüsusiyyԥtlԥULQGDúÕ\ÕFÕVÕV|zün morfem-PRWLYDVL\DSODQÕGÕU%XSODQ digԥr leksemlԥrin vԥ leksik-VHPDQWLNYDULDQWODUÕQPRWLYDVL\DPԥnbԥyi kimi xid- mԥt etmԥyԥ vԥ GHULYDVL\DPRWLYDVL\DQÕQ RE\HNWL NLPL oÕ[Õú HWPԥyԥ qadirdir” (2). Hԥr düzԥltmԥ söz yeni ad, yeni mԥna strukturuna malik vahiddir vԥ o DUWÕTP|YFXGRODQKD]ÕUGLOYDKLGOԥULED]DVÕQGDPԥyyԥn ԥmԥOL\\DWODUÕQJHdi- úLQGԥ \DUDGÕOÕU1RPLQDVL\DYDKLGOԥULQLQIRUPDODúPDVÕYԥzifԥsinԥ xidmԥt edԥn RQLP \DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷Õ GLOLQ [VXVL \DUÕPVLVWHPL NLPL EX YDKLGOԥrin modellԥúdiril- mԥsi üçün müԥyyԥn vasitԥlԥrԥ malikdir. Onimyaratma prosesinin nԥticԥVL[VXVLQRPLQDWLYúԥraitdԥQDVÕOÕGÕU1R- PLQDWLYúԥrait bir neçԥ komponentdԥn ibarԥWGLU DGODQGÕUÕODQRE\HNWLQQ|YDG- verԥn subyekt, tarixi dövr, nominasiya prinsiplԥULQRPLQDVL\DQÕQWԥbii vԥ süni, 6 ilkin vԥ ya tԥNUDU [DUDNWHU GDúÕPDVÕ RQRPDVWLN VLVWHP øQVDQ úXUXQGD ԥks olunan konkret predmetin vԥ sԥs kompleksinin birlԥúPԥsi müԥyyԥn nominativ úԥraitdԥ EDúYHULU$GÕQVHoLOPԥVLoQED]DGLOLQO÷ԥWHKWL\DWÕGÕU2QLPOԥr ya ümumi sözlԥr, ya da digԥU[VXVLDGTUXSODUÕԥVDVÕQGD\DUDGÕOÕU2QLP\DUDWPD prosesindԥ üç mövqeyԥԥsasԥn qԥrar vermԥk mԥqsԥdԥX\÷XQGXU DG Tԥbul olunPXú TD\GDODU Yԥ ya modellԥr ԥVDVÕQGD \DUDGÕOPDOÕ \R[VD ԥnԥnԥvi ste- reotiplԥULSR]PDOÕ HPRVL\DYԥ obrazlara (mücԥrrԥd adlara) müraciԥt etmԥli, yoxsa konkret adlardan istifadԥ etmԥli; 3) advermԥnin rasional, yoxsa oyun modelindԥn istifadԥ etmԥli. Onomastik sözyaratma sisteminin vahidlԥri – V|]\DUDWPD SDUDGLTPDVÕ sözyaratma cütü, sözyaratma tipi, sözyaratma zԥnciridir. Sözyaratma para- GLTPDVÕH\QL \DUDGÕFÕED]DVÕPXPL]Y– IRUPDQWÕRODQYԥ V|]\DUDWPDQÕQ eyni pillԥsindԥ yerlԥúԥn törԥmԥlԥrin mԥcmusudur. Sözyaratma zԥQFLUL VÕUDVÕ – eyniköklü sözlԥrin cԥrgԥVL V|] \DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQGD LúWLUDN HGԥQ H\QL IRUPDQWOÕ törԥmԥ sözlԥrin cԥmidir. KomponentlԥULQ VD\ÕQD J|Uԥ zԥncir binar vԥ polinar olur. Binar zԥQFLU\XYDQÕQEDúODQ÷ÕFV|]QGԥn vԥ bir törԥmԥdԥn, polinar zԥncir isԥ EDúODQ÷ÕF V|] Yԥ iki vԥ GDKD DUWÕT W|Uԥmԥdԥn (derivatdan) ibarԥt olur. 'HULYDW RQLP\DUDWPDQÕQ ԥsas obyektidir, onimyaratma tipinin elementidir. 2QLP\DUDWPDWLSLH\QLIRUPDQWÕQN|Pԥyi ilԥ düzԥlԥn, eyni mԥQDQÕLIDGԥ edԥn sözdüzԥltmԥ cütlüklԥrinin mԥcmusudur. Sözyaratma tiplԥri yuvada birlԥúLU Ԥ'Ԥ%øYYAT Ⱥɛɪɨɫɢɦɨɜɚ Ʌɋ ɉɨɥɢɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɅɋȺɛɪɨɫɢɦɨɜɚȼɎɇɨɜɨɞɪɚɧɨɜɚɄɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚʋ ɫ-355. URL https ZZZUHVHDUFKJDWHQHWPUDFLԥW Ƚɨɥɟɜ ɇȾ ɋɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɷɜɨɥɸɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ʋɫ -44 Ʉɚɫɢɦ Ƚɘ ɉɫɟɜɞɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɵ ɜ ɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɢɢ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɢ, ɜɵɩ ɋɜɟɪɞ- ɥɨɜɫɤ, ɫ-75 4.Mԥúԥdiyev Q. AzԥUED\FDQRQRPDVWLNDVÕQGDJHGԥn proseslԥr / Q.Mԥúԥdiyev. – URL http://azerbaycanli.org/az/page1350.html müraciԥt 28.04.2016 ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜɚɈȻɄɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɩɪɚɝɦɨ-ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɪɢ ɜɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɦɹɡɵ ɤɚɦɢ ɈȻɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜɚɌɸɦɟɧɶ ɌɸɦȽɍ2005, 164 c. 10 ɄȼɈɉɊɈɋɍɈɋɅɈȼɈɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂɂȼɈɇɈɆȺɋɌɂɄȿ ɊɘȽȺȻɂȻɅɂ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɢɦɟɧɈɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɰɟɥɶ– ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɫɩɨ ɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɧ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɫ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɱɬɨɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɝɪɚɟɬɜɚɠɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɨɛɨ ɝɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɱɬɨɜɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɢɦɟɧɥɟɠɚɬɬɚɤɢɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɤɚɤɨɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹɥɟɤɫɢɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɧɢɦɨɨɛɪɚ ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɷɩɨɧɢɦɢɡɚ ɰɢɢ ɨɤɤɚɡɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬ ɨɛ ɳɟɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɧɢɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɧɨɦɢɧɚ ɰɢɢɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɩɨɦɨɝɭɬɩɪɢɛɨɥɟɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɦɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɨɛ ɳɢɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɢɦɟɧɚɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɵɨɧɢɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɤɤɚɡɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɹ THE PROBLEM OF WORD-FORMATION IN ONOMASTICS R.Y.HABIBLI SUMMARY The article deals with the word formation processes in the system of proper names on the material of the Azerbaijani language. The main purpose is to determine the methods of word formation of proper names, the peculiarities of word formation. The materials of the research indicate that the lexical-semantic method plays an important role in the enrichment of the onomastic vocabulary of the Azerbaijani language. It has been found that such processes as onymization, lexicalization and other grammatical processes underlie the formation of proper names. It is particularly noted that the different lexical units are also formed during the process of onym formation through the methods of eponymization, occasional derivation, composition. The study clarifies general theoretical issues of onym formation, promotes understanding the processes of onymization, revealing the peculiarities of mental activity in the process of nomination. The achieved results will help during the deeper study of the general issues of word formation in future. 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Füzuli 06HoLOPLúԤVԥUOԥULFLOG ,FLOG %DNÕ ɇȺɋɅȿȾɂȿȼɋȼȿɌȿɉɈɁɇȺɇɂə ɂɋȺɅɂȿȼȺ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɫɜɨɺ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜ ɢɫ- ɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚɆɢɪȾɠɚɥɚɥɚɢɎɢɡɭɥɢɆɢɪȾɠɚɥɚɥɤɚɤɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɵɣ ɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɪɚɫɤɪɵɥɢɞɚɥɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣɧɚɭɱɧɨ– ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɧɨɝɢɟɧɟɫɦɨɝɥɢɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɢɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɥɢɫɶɜɵɹɜ- ɥɹɬɶɉɪɢɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɢɫɭɬɢɥɢɪɢɤɢɎɢɡɭɥɢɢɩɟɱɚɥɶɩɨɷɬɚɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɥɚɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɹɆɢɪȾɠɚɥɚɥɤɚɤɭɱɺɧɵɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɜɫɟɝɞɚɫɬɨɹɥɧɚɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɫɹɫɜɨɢɦɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɵɦɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɫɬɢɥɟɦ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɆɢɪȾɠɚɥɚɥɎɢɡɭɥɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɡɚɩɨɷɬɩɨɷɬɢɤɚ HERITAGE IN THE LIGHT OF THE COGNITION øS.ALIEVA SUMMARY In the article it is said about the investigation of the newness brought to Fuzuli’s artistic word art history by Mir Jalal in details. Mir Jalal has explained the difficult mastership peculiarities as a talented literary critic and given the deep scientific and theoretical analysis. Analyzing the essence of Fuzuli’s lyric the poet’s sorrow attracts the investigator’s attention. Mir Jalal has always been a famous scientist, investigator and literary critic, at the same time he has been different with his scientific style. Keywords: Mir Jalal, Fuzuli, investigation, prose, poet, poetics 17 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 UOT 398; 801.8 58+.gdhø1$1&, h4Ԥ/Ԥ.%Ԥ529$ AMEA-QÕQ)RONORUøQVWLWXWX [email protected] 0ΩTDOΩGΩ $]ΩUED\FDQ \DNXW YΩ GLJΩU WUN [DOTODUÕQÕQ IRONORU |UQΩNOΩUL ΩVDVÕQGD UXK N|oQQ IRONORU PΩWQOΩULQGΩNL LQLNDVÕ WΩKOLO HGLOPLú P|F]ΩOL GR÷XOXú PRWLYLQLQ UXK N|o LQDQFÕ ΩVDVÕQGD DUDúGÕUÕOPDOÕ ROGX÷X TΩQDΩWLQΩ JΩOLQPLúGLU 0ΩTDOΩGΩ úDPDQOÕT VXILOLN EXGGL]P[ULVWLDQOÕT\DKXGLOLNEHNWDúLOLNΩOΩYLOLNODPDL]PX\÷XUEXGGL]PLMDLQL]PYΩøVODP GLQLQGΩUXKN|oLQDQFÕQDPQDVLEΩWPTD\LVΩOLúΩNLOGΩJ|VWΩULOPLúUXKN|oLOΩED÷OÕP[WΩOLI termLQOΩUΩD\GÕQOÕTJΩWLULOPLúGLU $oDUV|]OԥU |OPV]ONUXKN|oԥOԥYLOLN-EHNWDúLOLN 5XK N|o UXKXQ WԥNUDU EDúTD EԥGԥQGԥ GR÷XOPDVÕGÕU %X LQDQFÕQ WԥPԥ- OLQGԥ UXKXQ |OPV]O\ Yԥ \D ԥEԥGL \DúDP GúQFԥVL GD\DQÕU 5XK N|oQԥ inanan xalqlar üçün ölüm heç ELU ]DPDQ ELU \R[ ROPDQÕ VRQX LIDGԥ HWPLU 2QODU|OԥQLQVDQoQ|OGGHPԥN\HULQԥ³TΩOLELGΩ\LúGLUGL´ V|]QLúOԥWPԥNOԥ UXKN|oILNULQLLIDGԥHGLUOԥU7ԥNUDUGR÷XúUHHQNDUQDVL\DWUDQVPLTUDVL\DPH- tamorfoz, VDQVDUDWԥQDVKYԥVWHUPLQOԥUUXKN|oLQDQFÕQÕLIDGԥHWPԥNPԥT- VԥGLOԥ LVWLIDGԥ HGLOLU $]ԥUED\FDQ IRONORU PԥWQOԥULQGԥ UXK N|oQQ VPNOԥU [VXVLOԥ NԥOOԥ VP\ Yԥ TDQ YDVLWԥVLOԥ EDú YHUPԥVL WԥVDGIL GH\LOGLU oQNL RQODUUXKXQ\HUOԥúGL\LRUTDQRODUDTTԥEXOHGLOLU 7UNúDPDQPԥWQOԥULQGԥUXKköçü. øONLQVDQÕQDQDEԥWQLúԥNOLQGԥNLELU PD÷DUDGD GR÷XOGX÷XQX Yԥ |OPGԥQ VRQUD E|\N R÷OXQXQ RQX Kԥ\DWD TD\- WDUPDT PԥTVԥGLOԥ GR÷XOGX÷X PD÷DUD\D GԥIQ HWPԥVL KDTGD $OWD\ ԥIVDQԥVLQGԥ WԥNUDUGR÷XúODUDVWODúÕUÕTùDPDQOÕ÷ÕWԥGTLTHWPLú0(OLDGHUXKXQVPNOԥUGԥ ROGX÷XQXYԥQԥWLFԥHWLEDULOԥLQVDQ|OGNGԥQVRQUDVPNOԥULQGԥQ\HQLGԥQGR- ÷XOPDVÕQÕQRODELOԥFԥ\LQLGH\LU>@ 18 VDGDODQDQIRONORUPԥWQOԥULLOԥVԥVOԥúLU ùDPDQOÕTGDKDYD\DTDUÕúDQQԥIԥVLQKDYDQÕQLoLQGԥTDOGÕ÷ÕQDYԥEDúTDELU YDUOÕ÷ÕQ QԥIԥV DOPDVÕ LOԥ EX KDYDQÕQ GLJԥU YDUOÕ÷D NHoPԥVLQLQ PPNQROGX- ÷XQDLQDQÕOÕU*|\7DQUÕLQDQFÕJ|\DOWÕQGDNÕKԥUúH\LQELUG|QúPLoLQGԥRO- du÷XQXTԥEXOHGLU5XKXQEԥGԥQGԥQEԥGԥQԥNHoLGLLQDQFÕEXUD\DDLGRODELOԥU 7UN úDPDQ PԥWQOԥULQGԥQ ³øNL GԥIԥ GR÷XODQ úDPDQ KDTTÕQGD´ ԥIVDQԥGԥ GH\LOLUNL|OԥQR÷ODQÕQUXKXQXTXúPHúԥGԥRGXQWRSOD\DQTDGÕQÕQEDúÕQDDWÕUYԥ \DúOÕTDGÕQKDPLOԥTDOÕU*|]ԥOR÷OXGR÷XOXURQ\DúÕQDoDWDQGDGDKD|QFԥNL\D- úDPÕQGDNÕTDUGDúODUÕQÕQHYLQԥJHGLUYԥRQODUDWԥNUDUGR÷XOGX÷XQXQHFԥGH\ԥ- Fԥ\LQL ELOPLU > @ gOԥQ úDPDQÕQ UXKXQXQ EDúTD ELU úDPDQGD \HQLGԥQ GR÷XOGX÷XQD LQDQÕOGÕ÷Õ oQ úDPDQOÕTGD UXK N|o DQOD\ÕúÕQD \HU YHULOPLúGLU ODNLQ EX DGL LQVDQODUD DLG GH\LOGLU 5XK N|o LQDQFÕQD ED÷OÕ RODUDT WXYD úDPDQODUÕUXKXQEԥGԥQGԥQEԥGԥQԥNHoGL\LQԥLQDQÕUODU øNL GԥIԥ GR÷XODQ úDPDQ KDTGD \DNXW ԥIVDQԥVLQGԥ GH\LOLU NL 1DPVXOX- VXQGD$UEDDQFDDGOÕúDPDQÕQTԥELUGԥQFԥVԥGLQL|N]oÕ[DUÕU Ԥ'Ԥ%ø<<$7 1. 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Beginning from the Eflatun till present time. Most of the thinkers have tried to explain the relation and interaction between the soul and the body. The problem of immortality means that the soul of a person exists in a way or continues its existence after the death. Every philosophical idea or a religion has a different understanding, the immortality mentality varies. There is reincarnation belief which is rebirth of souls after death in new bodies in the historic Alewi sources. Scientific studies and some of today’s Alewi authors’ thought as a theretical expression of religious experience. Despite this belief is from eastern origin (Hinduism) and the divine religions refuse this faith. There is in Alewi tradition which is one of Islamic mysticism school, but it is not single dimension in Alewism-Bektashism. 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The article deals with the features that link the creativity of Gazi Burhanaddin and Imamaddin Nasimi. First the author involves the causes and effects of similarity to the investigation. It is cleaer that the existence of these poets in the same era, territory and environment caused the appearance of ties and similarities between them. Then the author focuses on more sources and ideas than the means associating Gazi and Nasimi's creativity. Thus, Anatolian territory, where they lived, was indicated as a hotbed of mysticism in XIV century. Reflection of mysticism ideas in the creativity of both poets proves it again. From this point of view, Gazi’s influence is crucial in this regard. The article also compares the creativity of both artists, as well as similarities and Gazi’s influence to Nasimi creativity are also revealed by the examples given from couplets. 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ԤIԥQGL\HY3$]ԥUED\FDQúLIDKL[DOTԥGԥEL\\DWÕ%DNÕ: Maarif, 1981, 401 s. 5. ;DOLVEԥ\OL71L]DPL*ԥQFԥYLYԥ$]ԥUED\FDQTD\QDTODUÕ%DNÕ $]ԥUED\FDQ'|YOԥW 1ԥúUL\\DWÕ, 1991, 295 s 6. 6DTLE+DúÕPEԥ\.Divan.%DNÕ: Nurlar, 2009, 509 s. 7. 39 ɉɈɗɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȿȼɕɊȺɀȿɇɂȿɉɈɋɅɈȼɂɐ ȼɌȼɈɊɑȿɋɌȼȿɏȺɒɕɆȻȿɄȺɋȺȽɂȻȺ ɇɗȺɅɂȿȼȺ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ɍɫɬɧɨɟɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɛɭɞɭɱɢɩɥɨɞɨɦɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɟɝɨɠɢɡɧɶɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɟɱɚɹɧɢɹɜɟɤɨɜɵɟɦɵɫɥɢɢɞɭɦɵɂɦɟɧɧɨɜɜɢ ɞɭɷɬɢɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɧɨɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɢɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɭɸɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɦɧɨɝɢɟɩɨɷɬɵɢ ɞɚɠɟɏɚɲɵɦɛɟɤɋɚɝɢɛɜɫɜɟɦɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɱɚɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɢɫɶɤɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɵɦɠɚɧɪɚɦɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɉɨɷɬ ɢɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɣɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɢɯɢɥɢɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɜɜɹɡɵɤɟɧɚɪɨɞɚɢɥɢɠɟɜɨɬɥɢɱɧɨɣɩɨɷɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɟɫɫɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɋɚɝɢɛɚ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵ ɩɨɱɟɪɩɧɭɬɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ȼɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɩɨɫɥɨɜɢ ɰɵɟɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯɩɨɷɬɚɢɝɪɚɥɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɪɚɡ ɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɫɢɥɵɦɵɫɥɢ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɏɚɲɵɦɛɟɤ ɋɚɝɢɛ ɭɫɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɜɢɰɵɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹȾɢɜɚɧ POETICAL EXPRESSON OF PROVERBS IN CREATIVITY OF HASHIM BEY SAQIB N.E.ALIYEVA SUMMARY Oral folklore is a product of artistic thinking of every nation and reflects its life, outlook, desires and petrified ideas and thoughts that passed down through the centuries. Due this pecularity it influenced written literature, so many poets, even Hashim Bey Saqib appealed frequently to folklore genres, as well as proverbs to render their ideas more expressively. The poet, who used poems as a poetical means either used them as in popular language, or in a different way by preserving its content in poetical genre. The article also compares examples taken from Saqib's creativity and proverbs used in popular language. Thus, it turns out that proverbs played an important role in creating sparkle, expressionism in the works of the poet, as well as to increase the power of thought. Keywords: Hashim bey Saqib, folklore, traditions, folk art, proverbs, Divan 40 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 UOT 82.3; 47.82.30 <$=,d,7$/(<ø9Ԥ;$5$.7(5ø1ø1Ԥ.62/81'8ö8329(67 Ü.A.0ø.$<,/29 %DNÕ'|YOΩW8QLYHUVLWHWL [email protected] 0ΩTDOΩGΩ EΩGLL ΩGΩEL\\DWÕQ LQVDQ WDOH\LQΩ YΩ [DUDNWHULQΩ WΩVLULQGΩQ EΩKV ROXQXU øVD 0X÷DQQD LOΩ ED÷OÕ TÕVD PΩOXPDW YHULOLU YΩ ΩGLELQ [DUDNWHU J|VWΩULFLOΩUL D\GÕQODúGÕUÕOPDTOD LQVDQWDOH\LQLQSRUWUHWLV|]OΩUOΩΩNVROXQXU $oDUV|]OԥU øVD0X÷DQQD[DUDNWHUDYWRELRTUDIL]PWDOHSRYHVWREUD]Wԥ[ԥ\\O 2[XFXQXQ GúQFԥVLQLQ GQ\D-J|UúQQ LQWHOOHNWLQLQ PXPԥQ Kԥ- yaWDED[ÕúÕQÕQIRUPDODúPDVÕQGDEԥGLLԥGԥEL\\DWÕQUROXE|\NYԥGDQÕOPD]GÕU øVWԥU SRH]L\D LVWԥUVԥ Gԥ QԥVU QPXQԥOԥUL ԥGԥEL\\DWOD WԥPDVGD RODQ PWDOLԥ HGԥQLQVDQÕQKԥ\DWDED[ÕúÕQÕPVEԥWYԥ\DPԥQIL\|QGԥGԥ\LúPԥ\ԥTDGLUGLU%X ED[ÕPGDQGD\D]ÕODQEԥGLLԥVԥUOԥULQVDQWDOH\LQԥWԥVLUJFQԥJ|UԥP[WԥOLIGLU 41 \NVԥNGԥUԥFԥGԥLGLøVWHGDGOD\DQDúÕRLVWHGDGÕLOKDPÕL]Oԥ\ԥQFԥVDUԥWYԥVԥ- PLPL\\ԥWGԥYDUGÕU0X÷DQQD\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷D;;ԥVULQTÕU[ÕQFÕLOOԥULQGԥEDúODVD GD DOWPÕúÕQFÕODU QԥVOLQԥ DUWÕT |] ԥGԥEL WԥVLULQL J|VWԥUԥ ELOPLúGLU ԤGԥEL\yat- úQDV DOLP 9DTLI ɍȺɆɂɄȺɂɅɈȼ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɧɚɫɭɞɶɛɭɢɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚȾɚɸɬɫɹɤɪɚɬɤɢɟɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɦɫɹɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɦɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɂɫɟ Ɇɭɝɚɧɥɵ - ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚ ɠɚɟɬɫɹɫɭɞɶɛɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɈɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɜɟɫɬɶɂɆɭɝɚɧɥɵ ©ɋɨɪɨɤɦɟɲɤɨɜ ɡɨɥɨɬɚªɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɚɜɬɨɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɦɟɠɞɭɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɁɚ- ɯɢɞɚɢɫɭɞɶɛɨɣɂɫɵɆɭɝɚɧɥɵɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɚɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɱɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɁɚɯɢɞɚ– ɚɜɬɨɛɢɨɝ- ɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɛɪɚɡɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɚɜɬɨɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɶɛɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɨ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚ- ɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɢɫɭɞɶɛɵɜɰɟɥɨɦ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɂɫɚɆɭɝɚɧɥɵɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɜɬɨɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɡɦɫɭɞɶɛɚɩɨɜɟɫɬɶɨɛ ɪɚɡɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ 7+(1$55$7ø9(7+$75()/(&767+(:5,7(5¶6)$7($1'&+$5$&TER U.A.0ø.$<ø/29 SUMMARY The article deals with the influence of fiction on the human fate and character. The article contains the brief information about the outstanding Azerbaijani writer Isa Muganli (1928-2014); consideration of the writer’s characteristic features reflects the human fate. The object of the research is I.Muganli’s narrative “Forty sacks of gold” in which the autobiographic character was created. The parallel between the character of Zahid and Isa Muganli’s fate is carried out that allows to determine the following: the character of Zahid is the autobiographic character of the writer. It is noted that creation of the autobiographic character is manifestation of not only a person but also of the human character and fate in general. Keywords: Isa Muganli, character, autobiographism, fate, narrative, image, imagination 47 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 UOT 82 1Ԥ6ø0ø32(=ø<$6,1'$ø16$19Ԥ+Ԥ4ø4Ԥ7ø1'Ԥ5.ø ù6%$ö,529$ %DNÕúΩKΩULVD\OÕNODVVLk gimnaziya [email protected] 0ΩTDOΩ E|\N $]ΩUED\FDQ úDLUL øPDGΩGGLQ 1ΩVLPLQLQ LQVDQ NRQVHSVL\DVÕQD KΩVU HGLOPLúGLU 'DKL VΩQΩWNDU GHPLúGLU NL LQVDQ $OODKÕQ \DUDWGÕ÷Õ ΩQ XFD YDUOÕTGÕU øQVDQ |]- ö]O\QGΩKΩTLTΩWGLU2KΩPLúΩ\NVΩNTL\PΩWOΩQGLULOPΩOLGLUøQVDQNDPLOOΩúLE$OODKDTRYXúD ELOΩU%XQXQoQRKΩUIOΩULYΩVD\ODUÕQVLUULQLELOPΩOLGLU%HOΩQΩWLFΩ\ΩJΩOLQLUNLQHoΩ-QHoΩ ΩVUOΩUVRQUDGD1ΩVLPLV|]1ΩVLPLGúQFΩVLKΩTLTΩW\ROXQDQXUVΩSΩFΩN $oDUV|]OԥU: 1ԥVLPLLQVDQKԥTLTԥWKԥUIVD\V|] øPDGGԥGLQ1ԥVLPLSRH]L\DVÕQԥLQNL$]ԥUED\FDQ PXPLOLNGԥGQ\D ԥGԥ- EL\\DWÕQGDEԥQ]ԥULRPD\DQԥGԥELKDGLVԥGLU'DKLúDLUԥVUDUԥQJL]V|]GQ\DVÕLOԥ EԥGLL-IԥOVԥILGúQFԥQLQLIDGԥWԥU]LLOԥIԥWK HWGL\LVԥQԥW]LUYԥVLQGԥKԥOԥGԥWԥNGLU 1ԥVLPL Kԥ\DWÕ \DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷Õ Yԥ IDFLԥOL |OP LOԥ UԥNOԥUGԥ |]Qԥ ԥEԥGL KH\NԥO XFDOWPÕú Yԥ EX KH\NԥO DUWÕT LOGLU NL TRFD ùԥUTLQ PԥUGOLN Yԥ ԥTLGԥVLQGԥQ G|QPԥ]OLNVLPYROXQDoHYULOPLú]L\DVÕD]DOPD\DQJQԥúNLPLSDUOD\ÕU 1ԥVLPL oR[ԥVUOLN $]ԥUED\FDQ SRH]L\DVÕQGD [VXVL ELU PԥUKԥOԥGLU%X PԥUKԥOԥKԥPGLO-OVXEWԥU]LKԥPGԥEԥGLL-IԥOVԥILGԥ\ԥULLOԥKԥPGԥE|\NELU ԥGԥELPԥNWԥEGLU g]QGԥQԥYYԥO\DUDQPÕú]ԥQJLQEԥGLLYԥHOPLLUVLPNԥPPԥOPԥQLPVԥ- \ԥQYԥ 48 ԥQ\NVԥNPԥUWԥEԥVLQԥoDWPÕúGÕU%XWԥOLP³ԥVDVÕTԥGLPoD÷ODUGDQJԥOԥQYԥ KԥUIOԥUOԥUԥTԥPOԥULQPTԥGGԥVOL\LQLTԥEXOHGLEEXQODUDP[WԥOLIVLPYROLNPԥ- QDODUYHUԥQDQOD\ÕúDԥVDVODQÕUdR[TԥGLPGԥQEԥULWԥELԥWGԥYDUOÕ÷ÕTԥEXOHGLOԥQ JL]OLTYYԥOԥUúԥNLOYԥKԥUIOԥUOԥLIDGԥHGLOPԥ\ԥoDOÕúÕOPÕúQԥWLFԥGԥWԥELԥWHOPOԥ- ULQGԥQԥYYԥOԥIVXQWLOVLPVHKUNLPLKüruf" elPLPH\GDQDJԥOPLúGLU+ürufili- \LQ Qԥ YD[W Yԥ QHFԥ PH\GDQD JԥOGL\L TԥWL RODUDT PԥOXP ROPDPDTOD ELUOLNGԥ KԥTLTLPԥQDVÕQGDEL]LPHUDGDQԥYYԥO9– ,9ԥVUOԥUGԥQHWLEDUԥQ (\1ΩVLPLVΩQKΩTLELOKΩTTΩLTUDUH\OΩNLP ÇQNLLQVDQEΩúΩUVΩQKΩTGH\ΩQLQVDQPΩQΩP [6, 86] 1ԥVLPL úHLUOԥULQGԥ LQVDQÕ OYLOL\ԥ NDPLOOL\ԥ VԥVOԥ\LU 2QXQ J|UPԥN LVWԥGL\LEԥúԥU|YODGÕFRPԥUGIԥGDNDUDPDOÕQDVDGLTROPOÕGÕUùDLULQԥQ\NVԥN TL\PԥWOԥQGLUGL\L NH\IL\\ԥW LVԥ KԥTLTԥWSԥUԥVWOLNGLU 1ԥVLPL\ԥ J|Uԥ KԥTLTԥW $OODKÕQ|]GU%XKԥTLTԥWLGԥUNHWPԥN *|UXQΩQJ|]PΩKΩTGLUDQÕQoQ +ΩTLTΩWQXULOΩVDKLEEΩVLUΩP 50 1ԥVLPLQLQNDPLOLQVDQÕEXFDKDQDVÕ÷PÕUYԥVÕ÷PD]GD³%XGQ\D\D VÕ÷- PD\DQLQVDQÕQFLVPLEԥGԥQLGH\LOD÷OÕYԥLGUDNÕGÕUøQVDQFLVPԥQ\R[PԥQԥQYԥ UXKԥQ |] GQ\DVÕQD VÕ÷PÕU Yԥ AOODKOÕT VԥYL\\ԥVLQԥ \NVԥOLU %WQ FDQOÕODUdan IԥUTOL RODUDT LQVDQ [ԥ\DOÕ NDLQDWÕ D\Õ JQԥúL Jԥ]LE-GRODúÕU Yԥ |] \DUDGÕFÕVÕ LOԥ YԥKGԥW\DUDGÕU&LVPԥQ\HUGԥ\DúD\DQLQVDQÕQILNLUYԥ[ԥ\DOÕQÕQVDELW\HUL\R[GXU GDKDGR÷UXVXRPԥNDQVÕ]GÕU\HUVL]GLU|]GQ\DVÕQGDQoR[-çox uzaqlarda qanad oDOÕU$OODKNLPLKԥU\HUGԥP|YFXGGXU´>@øQVDQÕYFXGDJԥWLUԥQRQXKԥTLTL HGԥQLNLLODKLVLUUYDU FLVPYԥFDQ UXK &LVPIDQLFDQLVԥԥEԥGLGQ\D\DPԥ[VXV ROVDGDNDPLOOL\ԥ \HWPԥNOԥLQVDQKԥULNLFDKDQÕQGQ\DQÕQI|YTQԥTDO[DELOԥU %X $OODK PԥTDPÕQD \HWLúPԥN +DTTD TRYXúPDT YԥKGԥWLQ ELU ]ԥUUԥVLQԥ oHYULOPԥNGLU 1ԥVLPL\ԥ J|Uԥ QXUOD GROX EX LODKL \RO KUXILOLNGԥQ NHoLU +ΩPKUXIDPKΩPNLWDEDPKΩPNΩODPDPKΩP.ΩOLP )ΩWKΩQLQPΩQVXEX\DPKΩPNΩVUΩQLQPΩFUXUX\DP Lövhi-PΩKIX]DPKUXIDPΩEFΩGΩPPΩQKΩPKHFD +ΩP;ΩOLOΩ.Ω¶EΩROGXPKΩPPΩQΩPV|YPVΩODW 0ΩQRWX]LNLKUXIDPOΩP\Ω]ΩO Ԥ'Ԥ%ø<<$7 1.Azԥrbaycan ԥdԥEL\\DWÕWDUL[L Tԥdim vԥ orta ԥsrlԥr tarixi. DԥUVOLNԤQ.Sԥfԥrli, X.H.Yusifli. %DNÕ2]DQ V %DOOÕ+++XUILOL÷LQ'R÷XúXYH)D]OXOODK+XUIv+LNPHWHYL\D\ÕQODUÕV øVOkP$QVLNORSHGLVL. 44 ciltte. FLOWøVWDQEXO, 1998, s.408-412 4.NԥVLPLø0ԥQEXFDKDQDVÕ÷PD]DP6HoLOPLúԥsԥrlԥri. BakÕ Gԥnclik, 1991, 384 s. 5.NԥVLPLø6HoLOPLúԥsԥrlԥULøNLFLOGGԥ,FLOG%DNÕ: /LGɟUV 6.NԥVLPLø6ɟFLOPLVԥsԥrlԥULøNLFLOGGԥ,,FLOG%DNÕ: /LGɟUV 7.Quluzadԥ M%|\NLGHDOODUúDLUL%DNÕ Gԥnclik, 1973, 140 s ùÕ[Õ\HYD61ԥVLPLQLQLUIDQLJ|UúOԥUL%DNÕ$YUDVL\D8QLYHUVLWHWL6LYLOL]DVL\DFLOGʋ 2016 (32), s. 122-131. ɉɈɇəɌɂȿɑȿɅɈȼȿɄȺɂɊȿȺɅɖɇɈɋɌɂȼɉɈɗɁɂɂɇȺɋɂɆɂ ɒɋȻȺȽɂɊɈȼȺ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɝɭɦɚɧɢɡɦɚɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɷɬɚɂɦɚ ɞɟɞɞɢɧɚ ɇɚɫɢɦɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɩɨɷɬ ɬɜɟɪɞɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ - ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɚɣɲɟɟ ɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ȼɨɝɚɋɚɦɚɹɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɜɦɢɪɟ– ɷɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɨɜɟɪ- ɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɫ Ȼɨɝɨɦ ɂ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɬɚɣɧɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɢ ɰɢɮɪ Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɇɚɫɢɦɢ ɟɳɺ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɇɚɫɢɦɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɩɪɚɜɞɚɛɭɤɜɚɱɢɫɥɨɫɥɨɜɚ 52 PERCEPSION OF HUMAN AND TRUTH IN NASIMI POETRY Sh.S.BAGHIROVA SUMMARY The article is devoted to the human concept of the great Azerbaijani poet Imadaddin Nasimi. The great poet said that man is the supreme being created by God. Man is the truth in himself. He should always be appreciated. Man can become perfect and attain God. To do this, he must know the secret of letters and numbers. It is concluded that Nasimi's words and thoughts will shed light on the path of truth in several centuries. Keywords: Nasimi, man, truth, letter, numeral, word 53 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 UOT 82.0; 82.09; 5717.01 ɋȺɌɂɊɂɑȿɋɄɈȿɂɁɈȻɊȺɀȿɇɂȿ ɏɍȾɈɀȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɃȾȿɌȺɅɂȼɉɊɈɂɁȼȿȾȿɇɂəɏ ȾɀȺɅɂɅȺɆȺɆȿȾɄɍɅɂɁȺȾȿɂɈɆȿɊȺɋȿɃɎȿȾȾɂɇȺ ȽɏɊȺɋɍɅɈȼȺ ȻɚɤɢɧɫɤɢɣȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ [email protected] ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɬɢɪɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɹ Ⱦɠɚɥɢɥɚ Ɇɚɦɟɞɝɭɥɭɡɚɞɟ ɢ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɡɚɢɤɚ Ɉɦɟɪɚ ɋɟɣɮɟɞɞɢɧɚ ȼ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯɷɬɢɜɟɥɢɤɢɟɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɢɧɚɪɨɞɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɛɨɪɨɥɢɫɶɩɪɨɬɢɜɩɨɪɨɤɨɜɨɛɳɟ ɫɬɜɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɞɭɯɨɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɚɥɢɫɶɧɟɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɫɬɶɸɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɨɣɥɸɞɟɣɈɧɢɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɮɚɧɚɬɢɡɦɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɥɹɥɥɸɞɟɣɩɨɥɶɡɨ ɜɚɥɢɫɶɢɯɞɨɜɟɪɢɟɦɆɢɪɡɚȾɠɚɥɢɥɢɈɦɟɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɚɬɢɪɭɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɪɭɠɢɹɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɠɚɞɧɵɯ ɭɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ Ɉɧɢ ɩɢɫɚɥɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɹ ɢɯ ɫɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɚɬɶ ɗɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɢɫɚɥɢ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɫɜɨɟɣɷɩɨɯɢɂɯɝɟɪɨɢɨɛɵɱɧɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɪɨɫɬɵɟɥɸɞɢɬɪɭɠɟɧɢɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬɜ 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ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɋɚɬɢɪɚɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɜɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɢɧɚɱɚɥɚɢɝɪɚɬɶɜɚɠɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ 54 ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɜɛɨɪɶɛɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɫɨ ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɥɚ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɫɚɬɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɨɛɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɰɟɧɬ- ɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɇɨ ɜ ɫɚɬɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣɷɬɨɣɷɩɨɯɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɫɬɚɜɢɥɚɫɶɡɧɚɱɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɲɟɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɰɟɥɟɣ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɬɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ;,;ɢɧɚɱɚɥɟ;;ɜɟɤɚɇɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɢ- ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨ- ɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɜɢɯɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɫɨɡɞɚ ɜɚɥɢɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɬɧɭɸɩɨɱɜɭɞɥɹɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɫɚɬɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ 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ɫɰɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟ ɝɞɟ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ-ɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɟɜɢɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɒɟɣɯɚ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɦɟɪɬ ɜɵɯ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɨɛɥɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɧɚ ɬɢɡɦɚɨɬɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɬɭɩɚɹɦɚɫɫɚɠɢɜɵɯɦɟɪɬɜɟɰɨɜɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɚɫɶɜɡɚɜɢɫɢ ɦɨɫɬɶɨɬɲɟɣɯɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ ɂ ɜɨɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɦɪɚɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɂɫɤɟɧɞɟɪ ɫɵɧ Ƚɚɞɠɢ Ƚɚɫɚɧ-ɚɝɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɵɭɱɢɥɫɹɜȿɜɪɨɩɟɢɩɪɢɟɯɚɜɫɸɞɚɩɨɩɚɥɜɚɛɫɭɪɞ ɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɞɥɢɜɵɣɦɢɪɷɬɨɝɨɩɨɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɥɫɹɛɭɬɵɥɤɟɈɧɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɩɪɨɡɜɢɳɟɩɶɹɧɢɰɚɌɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧɜɢɞɢɬ ɧɚɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɒɟɣɯɚ ɇɚɫɪɭɥɥɭ ɨɧ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɛɜɢɧɹɟɬ 59 ɟɝɨ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɶɟɬ Ɉɛɪɚɡ ɂɫɤɟɧɞɟɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɠɟɪɬɜɵɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɨɛɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɦɦɢɪɚɦɟɪɬɜɟɰɨɜɈɧɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢ ɭɦɟɧɧɨɫɥɚɛɨɧɧɟɫɦɨɝɩɪɢɦɟɪɢɬɶɫɹɫɷɬɢɦɬɟɦɧɵɦɰɚɪɫɬɜɨɦɢɱɭɜ ɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɟɛɹɨɞɢɧɨɤɢɦɫɪɟɞɢɷɬɢɯɥɸɞɟɣɢɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɭɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɢɟɧɚ ɯɨɞɢɬɜɩɶɹɧɫɬɜɟ Ʉɚɤ ɠɢɬɶ ɂɫɤɟɧɞɟɪ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɂ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɞɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɪɨɞɢɧɵɱɭɬɶɥɢɧɟɜɨɎɪɚɧɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣɭɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɹɪɤɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɟɝɨɦɨɝɨɥɨɝɚɯɨɧɜɫɟɠɟɧɟɡɧɚɟɬ ɤɚɤɠɢɬɶɫɚɦɨɦɭɢɤɚɤɩɨɦɨɱɶɞɪɭɝɢɦɩɪɨɫɧɭɬɶɫɹɨɬɷɬɨɝɨɡɥɨɝɨɫɧɚ Ⱦɚɠɟɫɜɨɟɣɫɟɫɬɪɟɇɚɡɥɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɨɧɥɸɛɢɬɨɱɟɧɶɫɢɥɶɧɨɨɧɧɟɜɫɢɥɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɠɟɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ Ɇɢɪ Ȼɚɝɢɪɚ-ɚɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɜɧɢɰɟɣ ɒɟɣɯɚɇɚɫɪɭɥɥɵɊɚɡɜɹɡɤɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɬɨɝɞɚɤɨɝɞɚɠɟɪɬɜɨɣɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɇɚ ɡɥɵ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɠɢɜɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɦɬɜɨ ɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɟ ɂɫ ɤɟɧɞɟɪɭ ɇɚɱɚɥɨɫɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɥɨɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɝɚɥɨɫɶɜɨɫɤɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɄɭɪɛɟɥɚɣɎɚɬɭɥɥɵ ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɂɫɤɟɧɞɟɪ ɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɨɪɨɞɢɱɟɣ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɟɝɨɝɨɥɨɫɡɜɭɱɢɬɛɟɫɩɨɳɚɞɧɨɤɚɤɝɪɨɦɫɪɟɞɢɹɫɧɨɝɨɧɟɛɚɜɩɟɪ ɜɵɟɨɧɦɨɠɟɬɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɜɫɟɦɷɬɢɦɝɚɞɠɢɤɟɪɛɟɥɚɹɦɦɟɲɚɞɢɜɫɸɩɪɚɜɞɭɜ ɥɢɰɨɧɚɡɜɚɬɶɢɯɬɟɦɢɦɟɧɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɧɢɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɢɦɢɯ ɦɟɪɡɨɫɬɢɢɯɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɢɜɟɫɶɦɪɚɱɧɵɣɦɢɪɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɨɧɢɜɫɟɠɢɜɭɬ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ Ɉɦɟɪɚ ȼɟɪɨɨɬɫɬɭɩ ɧɢɤȼɫɟɫɥɭɲɚɸɬɫɹɏɚɞɠɢɢɦɚɦɚɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹɢɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬɧɚɦɚɡɤɚɠ ɞɵɣɞɟɧɶɢɬɨɥɶɤɨȺɥɢȽɹɭɪɧɟɥɸɛɢɬɢɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɡɚɱɬɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɩɪɨ ɡɜɢɳɟɜɟɪɨɨɬɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɍɧɟɝɨɫɜɨɹɨɜɱɚɪɧɹɜɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɨɬɟɧɨɜɟɰɢɠɢ 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ɩɪɟɤɨɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɟɪɢɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɜɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɜ ɝɥɭɩɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɬɟɯɤɬɨɜɨɩɪɟɤɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɟɪɢɬɜɨɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɜɨɩɨɬɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯɫɢɥ ɇɨɨɛɪɚɳɚɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɲɢɪɨɤɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɨ- ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɪɨɤɨɜɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɋɟɣɮɟɞɞɢɧɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶɱɬɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɥɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɬɪɨɹɢɧɟɛɪɚɥɫɹɡɚɧɢɫɩɪɨɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ ȼɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɚ ɧɨɫɢɥɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚ 61 ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɛɵɥɚɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɬɟɯɤɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɪɟɥɢɝɢɸɢɲɚɪɢɚɬɜɫɜɨɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɭ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɨɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɪɚɡɨɛɥɚɱɚɬɶɢɯɚɥɱɧɵɟɢɥɢɰɟɦɟɪɧɵɟɩɨ ɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɡɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚɫɜɨɟɣɜɨɥɟɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɪɟɥɢɝɢɸɤɚɤɫɢɥɭɩɨɞ ɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ Ɇɢɪɡɚ Ⱦɠɚɥɢɥ ɢ Ɉɦɟɪ ɋɟɣɮɟɞɞɢɧ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚɢɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɢɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɮɚɤɬɚɦɢɞɨɧɟ ɫɬɢɞɨɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɟɢɫɬɢɧɵ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ ȺɥɶɤɚɟɜɚɅɈɈɱɟɪɤɢɩɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɆ.: ȺɤɚɞɧɚɭɤɋɋɋɊ1959, ɫ ȺɯɭɧɞɨɜɇɋɚɬɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɠɭɪɧɚɥȺɪɵ . Ȼɚɤɭ -ɫ ȽɚɛɢɛɛɟɣɥɢɂȾɠɚɥɢɥɆɚɦɟɞɤɭɥɢɡɚɞɟ ɫɪɟɞɚɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɤɢɇɚɯɱɵɜɚɧ Ⱥɞɠɟɦɢ ɫ ȽɭɫɟɣɧɨɜɎɆɨɥɥɚɇɚɫɪɟɞɞɢɧɢɦɨɥɥɚɧɚɫɪɟɞɞɢɧɰɵȻɚɤɭ əɡɵɱɵ 1986, ɫ ȽɟɧɢɲɗɣɸɧɌɭɪɟɰɤɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Ȼɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɫɚɦɵɯɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯɩɨɷɬɨɜɢɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɯɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɆ. ɅɄɂ 464c ɆɚɦɟɞɤɭɥɢɡɚɞɟȾɠ Ɇɨɥɥɚɇɚɫɪɟɞɞɢɧ ȾɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɹɢɩɪɨɡɚȻɚɤɭ ȺȽɍ ɫ 7. ɆɚɦɟɞɤɭɥɢɡɚɞɟȾɠɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹȻɚɤɭ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɟɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ , ɬ.2. c. 452. ɆɟɥɢɤɥɢɌȾɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɌɭɪɰɢɢɆ Ɋɟɦɚ64 c 9. Ɇɨɥɥɚɇɚɫɪɟɞɞɢɧ ʋɫ-4. &Ԥ/ø/0Ԥ00Ԥ'48/8=$'Ԥ9Ԥg0Ԥ56(<)Ԥ''ø1Ԥ6Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø1'Ԥ %Ԥ'øø DETALLARIN SATøRø.7Ԥ69øRø G.X.RԤSULOVA ;h/$6Ԥ 0ԥTDOԥGԥD]ԥUED\FDQOÕVDWLULVW Yԥ PDDULIoL &ԥOLO0ԥPPԥGTXOX]DGԥQLQ Yԥ WUN \D]ÕoÕVÕ Yԥ SUR]DLNLgPԥU6H\IԥGGLQLQԥVԥUOԥULDQDOL]ROXQXU2QODU|]ԥVԥUOԥULQGԥFԥPL\\ԥWLQLQNLúDIÕQDPDQH RODQHOԥFԥGԥLQVDQODUÕQVDYDGVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQÕYԥVDGԥOL\LQGԥQLVWLIDGԥHGԥQUXKDQLOԥULQQPD\ԥQGԥOԥULQԥ TDUúÕYXUXúGXODU;DOTÕLOKDPODQGÕUGÕUDQIDQDWL]PN|Pԥ\LLOԥRQODU|]HWLEDUODUÕQGDQ]|YTDOGÕODU 0LU]ԥ &ԥOLO Yԥ gPԥU VDWLUDQÕ [DOTÕQ DoJ|]O ]OPNDUODUÕQD TDUúÕ VLODK RODUDT LVWLIDGԥ HGLUGLOԥU 2QODU [DOTD \D[ÕQ VDGԥ ELU GLOGԥ |] ԥVԥUOԥULQL [VXVL RODUDT \D]ÕEODU Yԥ EXQXQOD GD PEDUL]ԥ DSDUPDT Yԥ PDDULIOԥQGLUPԥ\ԥ oDOÕúÕEODU %X \D]DUODU |] G|YUQQ ԥQ DNWXDO SUREOHPOԥULQԥ WR[XQXEODU Yԥ KԥU úH\L ROGXJX NLPL TԥOԥPԥ YHULEOԥU 2QODUÕQ TԥKUDPDQODUÕ DGԥWԥQ VDGԥ PLOOԥWLQ QPD\ԥQGԥOԥULGLU0LU]ԥ&ԥOLOYԥgPԥUKԥTLTԥWLQUHDOJ|UQúQJ|VWԥUPԥNoQoR[SDUODTYԥ UԥQJOL ELU VDWLUD VXOXQGDQ LVWLIDGԥ HGLUOԥU ԤQ PDUDTOÕ QPXQԥNLPL- 0LU]ԥ &ԥOLOLQgOOԥUYԥ gPԥULQ 0UWԥG Yԥ 0|F]ԥ ԥVԥUOԥULGLU ùԥUTGԥNL PVԥOPDQ TDGÕQÕQ D]DGOÕ÷ÕQÕQ WԥPԥOL Gԥ EX ԥVԥUOԥUGԥԥQGԥULQGԥQPKDNLPԥROXQDQYԥWԥQTLGROXQDQP|Y]XODUGDQELULGLU $oDUV|]OԥU CԥOLO0ԥPPԥGTXOX]DGԥgPԥU6H\IԥGGLQsatira, din, realizm, insanlar, WԥQTLGPDDULIOԥQGLUPԥ 62 A SATIRICAL DEPICTION OF ARTISTIC DETAIL IN THE WORKS OF JALIL MAMMADGULUZADEH AND OMER SEYFEDDIN G.Kh.RASULOVA SUMMARY The article analyzes the work of the Azerbaijani satirist and enlightener Jalil Mammadguluzadeh and the Turkish writer and prose writer Omer Seyfeddin.In their works, these great enlighteners of the people openly fought against the vices of society as well as against the representatives of the clergy, who enjoyed the literacy and simplicity of the people. They with the help of fanaticism, which inspired the people, enjoyed their confidence. Mirza Jalil and Omer used satire as a weapon against the greedy oppressors of the people. They wrote specifically in the common language of the people thereby encouraging them to fight and enlighten. These writers painted the most relevant pictures of their era. Their heroes are usually the common people, toilers who fall into difficult situations because of the greed of the officials. Mirza Jalil and Omer very brightly and colorfully use the method of satire to show the real picture of reality. The most striking example is the "dead" of Mirza Jalil and the "apostate" and the "miracle" of Omer. One of the most deeply condemned and criticized themes in their work is also the theme of the freedom of a Muslim woman in the East. Keywords: Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, Omer Seyfeddin, satire, religion, realism, people, criticism, enlightenment. 63 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2020 &21%$57,1³;ø0(5$´Ԥ6Ԥ5ø1øN ³'h1<$=$'1$0Ԥ´ %g/h0h1'Ԥ POS702'(51ø67&Ԥ+Ԥ7/Ԥ5ø1%Ԥ'øøø)$'Ԥ6ø L.C.%$ö,529$ AzΩrbaycan DillΩr Universiteti [email protected] $%ù ΩdΩEL\\DWÕQGD SRVWPRGHUQL]PLQ LQNLúDIÕQGD &RQ %DUWÕQ PKP UROX ROPXúGXU ZΩQJLQ\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷DPDOLN\D]ÕoÕQÕQEΩdii irsindΩ “Ximera” ΩsΩrinin özünΩmΩ[VXV\HULYDUGÕU Mifoloji motivlΩrlΩ zΩngin roman üç hissΩdΩn ibarΩWGLU 5RPDQÕn birinci, “DünyazadnamΩ” E|OPNODVVLNùΩrq mΩnbΩsi olan “Min bir gecΩ´QD÷ÕOODUÕQGDQTD\QDTODQDUDT\D]ÕOPÕúGÕU 1D÷ÕOODUGDQoΩrçivΩ hekayΩlΩr kimi istifadΩ edΩn C.Bart ΩsΩrdΩ postmodernist romanlara xas bir çox cΩhΩtlΩrdΩn-müΩllif, zaman vΩ mΩkan xronRWRSX LQWHUWHNVWXDOOÕT oR[OXOXT GH- konstruksiya, tΩTOLG úLIUΩ vΩ kodlar vΩ digΩr xüsusiyyΩtlΩrdΩn istifadΩ HWPLúGLU &%DUW SRVW- modernist cΩhΩtlΩri romanda önΩmli rol oynayan ΩdΩbi-estetik fikirlΩULQLQúΩrhindΩ dΩ X÷XUOD istifadΩ HWPLúGLU Açar sözlԥr: Con Bart, “Ximera”, “Dünyazadnamԥ”, ùԥKUL]DG&LQ 0DVLU $%ù ԥdԥEL\\DWÕQÕQ J|UNԥmli nümayԥndԥVL \D]ÕoÕ Wԥnqidçi vԥ ԥdԥEL\\DWúQDV SRVWPRGHUQL]P Yԥ PHWDSUR]DQÕQ PԥúKXU VLPDVÕ &RQ %DUW 1950-ci illԥULQVRQODUÕQGDQHWLEDUԥn öz bԥGLL\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕYԥ ԥdԥbi-nԥzԥULJ|Uú- lԥri ilԥ ölkԥԥdԥEL\\DWÕQGD PKP URO R\QDPD÷D EDúODPÕúGÕU g]Qԥmԥxsus yaraGÕFÕOÕT LVWLTDPԥti, ԥdԥbi-fԥlsԥIL NRQVHSVL\DVÕ Yԥ bԥdii üslubu ilԥ seçilԥn \D]ÕoÕ -1990-FÕ LOOԥrdԥ$%ù-da ԥdԥEL\\DWÕQLQNLúDIÕQDELUEDúDWԥsir gös- tԥrԥn ԥdiblԥrdԥQROPXúGXU 64 bu xüsusiyyԥt postmodernist ԥsԥrlԥULQ LQWHUWHNVWXDOOÕ÷ÕQGDQ LUԥli gԥlmԥkdԥdir. 4RU[PD]4XOL\HYLQKDTOÕRODUDTV|\Oԥdiyi kimi, “interteksWXDOOÕ÷ÕQSRVWPRd- HUQGúQFԥnin ԥsas xüsusiyyԥti kimi qԥEXOROXQPDVÕSRVWPRdernistlԥri ԥvvԥlki dövrlԥrdԥ mövcud olan humanitar fikirlԥ ED÷OD\ÕUGÕYԥ RQXQLQNDUÕQÕKԥm nԥ- zԥriyyԥdԥ, hԥm dԥ SUDNWLNDGD³\XPúDOGÕU´NRPSURPLVԥ getmԥyԥ mԥcbur edir- di” (1, 246). Buna görԥ dԥ &%DUWELUVÕUDԥdԥbi istiqamԥtlԥrdԥ tԥGTLTDWoÕODUWԥrԥfindԥn yüksԥkdԥyԥrlԥQGLULOPLúGLU $PHULND ԥdԥEL\\DWÕ DUDúGÕUPDoÕODUÕ 7'9HQHdik- toYD &%DUWÕ ³\HQL DPHULNDQ DYanqardizminin korifeyi” (16, DGODQGÕUÕU- GÕVD 7/0RUR]RYD \D]ÕoÕQÕQ \XPRU VDKԥsindԥki ԥdԥEL X÷XUODUÕQD GLTTԥt yetirirdi: “Ümid etdiyi bir vasitԥԥn ümidsiz vԥziyyԥtlԥrdԥ \DúDPD÷D N|Pԥk edir. Bu vasitԥ yumordur” (17, 296). &%DUWÕQ\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQGD -ci ildԥ \D]GÕ÷Õ³;LPHUD´ԥsԥri mühüm yer tutur. Postmodernist ԥsԥrlԥrԥ xas olan bir çox cԥhԥtlԥr–müԥllif, zaman vԥ mԥkan xronotopu, çԥrçivԥ hekayԥlԥr, çoxluluq, tԥqlid vԥ yenidԥn yaratmaq, GHNRQVWUXNVL\D LQWHUWHNVWXDOOÕT \HQL WDUL[L TXU÷X RQWRORML VRU÷XODU NRGODU úLIUԥlԥr vԥ digԥr mԥsԥlԥlԥr bu roman üçün dԥ xarakterikdir. &%DUWÕQ³;LPHUD´URPDQÕQÕQ|]Qԥmԥ[VXVPLIRSRHWLN[URQRWRSXYDUGÕU Postmodernist ԥsԥr kimi burada mԥkan vԥ]DPDQÕQLIDGԥsi xüsusiyyԥtlԥri, qԥhrԥman vԥ müԥllif xronotopunun xarakteri diqqԥti cԥlb etmԥkdԥdir. “Bԥdii ԥsԥrdԥ tԥVYLU ROXQPXú GQ\DQÕQ Pԥkan-]DPDQ FL]JLVL UHDOOÕTOD X\÷XQ Jԥlmir. Bu ԥsԥrin janr xüsusiyyԥtlԥri vԥ müԥllif mövqeyindԥQDVÕOÕGÕU;URQRWRS\DOQÕ] VMHWLQ UHDOODúPDVÕ oQ OD]ÕPOÕ úԥUDLW NLPL oÕ[Õú HWPLU H\QL ]DPDQGD Gԥrin VLPYROLN [DUDNWHU GDúÕ\ÕU %ԥdii mԥkan vԥ ]DPDQ UHDO ]DPDQGDQ úԥrtiliyi, D\UÕFDOÕTODUÕoR[|OoO\REUD]OÕOÕ÷ÕVXE\HNWLYOL\LLOԥ fԥrqlԥnir” (18). Mԥlumdur ki, postmodernistlԥU\DUDWGÕTODUÕEԥGLL\DUDGÕFÕOÕTGQ\DODUÕQÕQ VSHVLILN TD\GDODUÕQD GLTTԥti yönԥldirlԥr. Postmodernizm nԥzԥriyyԥsinԥ görԥ, mԥtn vԥ dünya ekvivalent vԥ bölünmԥzdir. Bԥdii bir ԥsԥU \DUDGÕFÕIԥaliyyԥtin son nԥticԥsi deyil, müԥllifin mԥtnlԥ, mԥtnin mԥdԥni vԥ sosial mԥkanla, mԥtnin müԥllifԥ TDUúÕOÕTOÕ Wԥsir prosesidir. Mԥtn bu ԥsԥrlԥrdԥ digԥr mԥtnlԥrlԥԥlaqԥsi, kod vԥ úLIUԥlԥri ilԥ müԥyyԥnlԥúLU ³« 0ԥtn hԥP \D]Õ Kԥm dԥ mütaliԥ pro- sesindԥ oR[VD\OÕPԥtnlԥULQVD\VÕ]-KHVDEVÕ]\Dxud daha dԥqiq desԥNLWLULOPLú NRGODUÕQ Wԥcԥssümüdür. Belԥliklԥ, hԥr bir mԥtn intermԥWQGLU %DúTD Pԥtnlԥr mövcud mԥtndԥ müxtԥlif sԥviyyԥlԥrdԥ özünü büruzԥ verir. Mövcud mԥtnin kontekstindԥ “yad” mԥtnlԥri bԥzԥQ WDQÕPDT ROXU Eԥzi halda onlar yeni kon- tekstlԥ elԥ TD\QD\ÕETDUÕúÕUODUNL\D]DQYԥ R[X\DQoQRQODUÕQPԥQúԥyini üzԥ oÕ[armaq qeyri-mümkün olur” (1, 246). Q.Quliyev 5%DUWÕQILNLUOԥULQԥԥVDVԥQ TH\GHGLUNL³SRVWPRGHUQLVWNRQVHSVL\D\DJ|Uԥ\DUDGÕFÕGHPLXUTVWDWXsundan PԥKUXP ROPXú VԥQԥWNDU ԥVOLQGԥ ԥVԥU \R[PԥWQ \DUDGÕU0ԥWQLQR[XFX WԥUԥ- ILQGԥQTDYUDQÕOPDVÕSRVWPRGHUQL]LPLQDSDUÕFÕNDWHTRUL\DODUÕQGDQRODQGHkon- VWUXNVL\D ԥVDVÕQGD Kԥ\DWD NHoLULOLU 'HNRQVWUXNVL\D SULQVLSL R[XFX\D PԥWQL EWQPPNQPVWԥYLOԥUGԥ- kompozisiya, sujet, üslub, SVL[RORJL\DYԥVDLUԥ ED[ÕPGDQ V|NPԥN Yԥ |]POԥ úԥUK ԥVDVÕQGD \HQLGԥQ \Õ÷PDT LPNDQÕ YHULU 65 ԤVOLQGԥKԥUELUPԥWQGDLP R[XFXWԥUԥILQGԥQ-44 EXUDGDYԥLQGL\D]ÕOÕU´ 40). Postmodernist üslubun xarakterik bir xüsusiyyԥti tԥsvir etdiklԥri hadi- sԥlԥrin YXU÷XODQPÕúNRQYHQVL\DVÕGÕU%XPԥsԥlԥlԥU³;LPHUD´URPDQÕQGDGD|] ԥNVLQL WDSPÕúGÕU ԤVԥU LQWHUWHNVWXDO URPDQGÕU Ԥ'Ԥ%øYYAT 1. 4XOL\HY4RU[PD]ԤGԥbi cԥrԥyanlar vԥ istiqamԥtlԥr. %DNÕ ³2/´13.7 2. Quliyev Qorxmaz. Postmodernizm / “e-'DO÷D´ ùԥbԥkԥ dԥUJLVL,,VD\Õ.XOturologiya. “Postmodernizm” elmi-kulturoloji, ԥdԥbi-tԥQTLGL\D]ÕODUWRSOXVX 3. Barth John. Chimera. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston: New York, 2001. 4. Barth John. “How to Make a Universe”. // The Friday Book: Essays and Other Nonfiction // New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1984. 5. Barth John. “More on the Same Subject”. // The Friday Book: Essays and Other Nonfiction // New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1984. 6. Barth John. “Tales within Tales within Tales”. // The Friday Book: Essays and Other Nonfiction // New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1984. 7. Barth John. “Literature of Exhaustion” // The Friday Book: Essays and Other Nonfiction // New York, G.P.Putnam’s Sons, 1984. 8. 0HQWHúH 2\D %DWXP 6DQDW¶GD 0RGHUQLVP¶GHQ 3RVWPRGHUQLVP¶H /LWWHUD (GHEL\DW 76 ©ɏɍȾɈɀȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȿȼɕɊȺɀȿɇɂȿɉɈɋɌɆɈȾȿɊɇɂɋɌɋɄɂɏȺɋɉȿɄɌɈȼ ȼ ɊȺɁȾȿɅȿ ȾɍɇɖəɁȺȾȺȼɊɈɆȺɇȿ ɏɂɆȿɊȺ ȾɀɈɇȺȻȺɊɌȺ ɅȾɠȻȺȽɂɊɈȼȺ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ɏɢɦɟɪɚɢɝɪɚɟɬɜɚɠɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ- ɩɨɫɬɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɫɬɚ Ⱦɠɨɧɚ Ȼɚɪɬɚ ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɯɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ©Ⱦɭɧɶɹɡɚɞɚª Ⱦɠ Ȼɚɪɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ ©Ɍɵɫɹɱɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɚɧɨɱɶªɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɢɡɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨɤɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɭɹ ɮɪɟɣɦ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɚɪɨɞɢɸ ɢ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɸ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶ ɧɵɦɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚɦɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦɢɟɝɨɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɦɢȼɪɨɦɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɬɟɤɫɬɤɨɞ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɜɧɭɬɪɢɬɟɤɫɬɚ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ȾɠɨɧȻɚɪɬ³ɏɢɦɟɪɚ´³Ⱦɭɧɶɹɡɚɞɢɚɞɚ´ɒɚɯɪɢɡɚɞȾɠɢɧ «THE ARTISTIC EXPRESSION OF POSTMOPDERNIST ASPECTS IN «DUNYAZADIAD» PART OF THE NOVEL «CHIMERA» BY JOHN BARTH» L.J.BAGIROVA SUMMARY Chimera plays an important role in creative activity of contemporary American postmodernist writer John Barth. In the first part of the three-part novel, Dunyazadname, J. Bart used the stories of the fairy tales "A Thousand and One Nights", a classical Eastern source. The writer travels from the future to the events of the historical past by constructing frame stories through parody and imitation, one of the obvious methods of postmodernist literature, creating a transcendental connection between the central characters, the explorer and his stories. The novel presents text, code, symbols within the text. 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The process of forming this category after a number of changes within the province, increasing their number is outlined. Special attention is paid to the study of domestic activities. The article specifies the rules and forms of management of these peasants. 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'RVWL\HY70ùLPDO-ùԥrqi Azԥrbaycan IX-XV ԥsrlԥrdԥ%DNÕ %'801, 396 s. 2. Gözԥlova Y.H. Orta ԥsrlԥrdԥ$YUDVL\DQÕQWLFDUԥt ԥlaqԥlԥUL%DNÕ, 2011, 295s. 3. ùԥrifli M.X. XIII-XIV ԥsrlԥrdԥ Azԥrbaycanda ticarԥt vԥ ticarԥW\ROODUÕ665ø($$]ԥrb. )LOLDOÕQÕQ;ԥbԥrlԥri, 1944, 1-2, s.47-62 4. ȺɲɭɪɛɟɣɥɢɋȻɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɝɨɪɨɞɚȻɚɤɭɉɟɪɢɨɞɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɹ Ȼɚɤɭ Ⱥɡɟɪɧɟɲɪ , ɫ 5. ȻɚɪɬɨɥɶɞȼȼɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɌɭɪɤɟɫɬɚɧɚ ɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹȼ ɬɌ , Ɇ. ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟ- ɪɚɬɭɪɚ, 1963, 265 c. 6. ȻɚɪɬɨɥɶɞȼȼɆɟɫɬɨɩɪɢɤɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɢɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɦɢɪɚɋɨ ɱɢɧɟɧɢɹȼ ɬɌ , Ɇ. ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, 1963, ɫ-772 7. ȼɟɪɥɢɧɞɟɧɒɌɨɪɝɨɜɥɹɧɚɑɟɪɧɨɦɦɨɪɟɫɧɚɱɚɥɚȼɢɡɚɧɬɢɣɫɤɨɣɷɩɨɯɢɞɨɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɧɢɹ ȿɝɢɩɬɚɬɭɪɤɚɦɢɜɝȾɨɤɥɚɞɧɚ;,,,Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤɆɨɫɤɜɚ-ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ɝɆ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ ɫ-11 8. Ⱦɨɦɚɧɢɧ ȺȺ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɑɢɧɝɢɡɢɞɨɜ ɑɢɧɝɢɡɯɚɧ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɟɦɧɢɤɢ Ɇ.:: ɁȺɈɐɟɧɬɪɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮ, ɫ 9. Ʉɚɪɩɢɧɢ ɉɥɚɧɨ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɦɨɧɝɚɥɨɜ Ƚɢɥɶɨɦ ɞɟ Ɋɭɛɪɭɤ ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵɆ., 1997, 231 c. 10. ɄɚɪɩɨɜɋɉɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɨɡɞɧɟɜɢɡɚɧɬɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɪɨɞɚ– ɷɦɩɨɪɢɹȼɢɡɚɧ ɬɢɣɫɤɢɟɨɱɟɪɤɢ , 187 c. 11. Ʉɚɪɩɨɜ ɋɉ Ɍɪɚɩɟɡɭɧɞɫɤɚɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ;,,,-XIV ɜɜɆ., 1981, 131 c. 12. ɄɥɚɜɢɯɨɊȽȾɧɟɜɧɢɤɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹɤɨɞɜɨɪɭɌɢɦɭɪɚɜɋɚɦɚɪɤɚɧɞɜ-ɝɝ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɈɊəɋɬʋ,152 c. 13. ɉɨɥɨɆɚɪɤɨɄɧɢɝɚɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɫɨɫɬɚɪɨɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɆ., 195, 175 c. 14. Ɋɚɲɢɞ ɚɞ-ȾɢɧɎɚɡɥɭɥɥɚɯȾɠɚɦɢɚɬ-ɬɚɜɚɪɢɯ Ɍ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ȺɄȺɪɟɧɞɫɚȻɚɤɭ©ɗɥɦɜɟɏɚɹɬª – ɫ * Dmitriy Donskoyun 8 sentyabr 1380-ci ildԥ Kulikovo çölündԥ qԥlԥbԥVL5XVXQPRQTROLú÷D- OÕQdan azad edilmԥVLQLQEDúODQ÷ÕFÕQÕTR\GXDPPDH\QL]DPDQGDUXVODUÕQԥcnԥbilԥrԥ, o cüm- lԥdԥn, müsԥlman tacirlԥrinԥGúPԥnçiliyini dR÷XUGX müqayisΩ et: Çindԥ ;XDQ dDR V\DQÕ ilԥ) vԥ müvafiq olaraq ticarԥt ԥlaqԥlԥrini müvԥqqԥWLGD\DQGÕUGÕ 98 15. ɋɤɪɢɠɢɧɫɤɚɹȿɂȽɟɧɭɷɡɰɵɜɄɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɩɨɥɟɜ;,9ɜȼȼɬ ;;9, ɫ-234 16. ɌɢɯɨɦɢɪɨɜɆɇȾɪɟɜɧɹɹɆɨɫɤɜɚ;,,-;9ɜɜɆ., 1997, 102 c. 17. ɑɢɩɟɪɢɫȺɆɄɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɪɚɧɧɟɣɝɟɧɭɷɡɫɤɨɣɤɨɥɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɉɪɢɱɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɶɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ;,,,ɜɍɁɌɭɪɤɦɟɧɫɤɨɝɨȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚȺɲɝɚ ɛɚɞ ɜɵɩ,114 c. 18. Bratianu G. Des origines a la conquete Ottomane. Munchen, 1969, 100 – 104 p. 19. ɉɟɫɤɨɜȾɀɟɥɟɡɧɵɣɜɟɤɊɭɫɶɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɟɜɪɨ-ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɣɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢɜɨɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɥɨɜɢ ɧɟ;,,,ɜɟɤɚ www.kulichki.com/~gumilev/debate/Article07h.htm ɊɈɅɖɄȺɋɉɂɃɋɄɈȽɈɆɈɊəȼɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏɈɌɇɈɒȿɇɂəɏ ɋȿȼȿɊȺɂɘȽȺ;,,,-;,9ȼȿɄɈȼ ȿɑȺȽɅȺɃȺɇɇȻɆȺɆȿȾɈȼȺ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ XIII-;,9ɜɟɤɚɛɵɥɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹɫɜɹɡɟɣɦɟɠɞɭɋɟɜɟɪɨɦɢɘɝɨɦɗɬɨɛɵɥɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɧɚɱɚɥɨɦɭɱɚɫɬɢɹȺɧɝɥɢɢɢȽɟɪɦɚɧɢɢɜɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟɜ;- ;,,ɜɟɤɚɯɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɪɨɥɢɋɚɦɚɧɢɞɨɜɜɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟ ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɤɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɵɬɨɟɫɬɶɦɨɧɝɨɥɶɫɤɨɣɢɦɩɟɪɢɢɊɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟȻɚɝɞɚɞɚɜɝɨɞɭɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɤɪɟ ɫɬɨɧɨɫɰɟɜɜɋɢɪɢɢɡɚɩɪɟɬɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢɊɢɦɫɤɨɣɤɚɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɰɟɪɤɜɢɫɟɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɢɦɫɭɥɬɚ ɧɚɬɨɦɛɵɥɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦɢɧɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɣɪɨɥɢ ɑɟɪɧɨɝɨɢ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɦɨɪɟɣ ɂɦɟɧɧɨɜɷɬɨɬɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɰɵɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɧɚɛɟɪɟɝɚɯɄɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɦɨɪɹ ɉɨɪɬɵ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ Ȼɚɤɭ ɢ Ⱦɟɪɛɟɧɬ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɦɢɜɫɜɹɡɹɯɋɟɜɟɪ-ɘɝ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɹɄɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɟɦɨɪɟɦɨɧɝɨɥɶɫɤɨɟɜɥɚɞɵɱɟɫɬɜɨȻɚɤɭȾɟɪɛɟɧɬ THE ROLE OF THE CASPIAN SEA IN THE ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH IN XIII-XIV CENTURIES Y.CAGLAYAN, N.B.MAMMADOVA SUMMARY In XIII-XIV centuries the ties between the North and the South were strengthening. This was caused, on the one hand, by the involvement of England and Germany in the northern trade in the X-XII centuries, and on the other hand, by the activation of the Samanids in this trade. During the next centuries, a massive trade zone was united under the Mongolian Empire. The destruction of Baghdad in 1258, the fall of the Crusaders in Syria, the ban on the trade of the Roman Catholic Church with the Egyptian Sultanate were the main factors influencing the strengthening the role of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the trade. It was during this period that Italians became active on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Port cities of the Caspian Sea, such as Baku and Derbent became important trading centers in the relations of the North and South. 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ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɖȺɏɆȿȾȻȿɄȺȺȽȺȿȼȺ ȼȿȼɊɈɉȿȼɋɈɋɌȺȼȿȾȿɅȿȽȺɐɂɂ©ɌɍɊȺɇª ɄɌɇȺȾɀȺɎɈȼȺ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɄɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɦɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɨɫɥɟɧɚɱɚɥɚ,Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣɜɨɣɧɵɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɢɞɟɢɬɭɪɚɧɢɡɦɚɢɞɟɹ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɟɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɜȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ– ȺɯɦɟɞɛɟɤɚȺɝɚɟɜɚɢȺɥɢɛɟɤɚȽɭɫɟɣɧɡɚ ɞɟɢɯɦɟɫɬɨɢɪɨɥɶɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢɜɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣɱɥɟɧɨɜɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ©Ɍɭɪɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɥɟɝɚɰɢɢª - ɩɨɥɢɬɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ Ɋɨɫ ɫɢɢɜɌɭɪɰɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɢɫɤɪɢɬɢɤɨɣɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɜɥɚɫɬɢɢɧɨɜɵɦɢɢɞɟɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɬɸɪɤɨ-ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ɕ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ,ɦɢɪɨɜɚɹɜɨɣɧɚɬɸɪɤɢɡɦ©Ɍɭɪɚɧªɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ȺɥɢɛɟɤȽɭɫɟɣɧɡɚɞɟȺɯɦɟɞɛɟɤȺɝɚɟɜ CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF AKHMED BEK AGAEV IN EUROPE AT THE CAST OF “TURAN”DELEGATION K.T.NAJAFOVA SUMMARY In the present article, there are examine the military-policy condition in Caucasus region instantly after I World War, the main reason an emergency of Turanism idea and activities Work by their followers in Azerbaijan – Akhmed Bek Agaev and Ali Bek Gusseinzadeh, their place and role in the national movement inappropriate times. In this article based on the new scientific literature and archival material is research activities work and creative idea of Turanian delegation - political immigrants from Russia in Turkey, which are openly criticized addressed to Russian power and the new thoughts of resolve problem of Turk-Muslim population in the empire in the years of I world war. 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ȻɚɛɚɟɜɂɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɫɬɚɬɟɣɩɨɧɭɦɢɡɦɚɬɢɤɟȻɚɤɭ: ɋȼ6ɫ 2. ȽɨɥɟɧɤɨɄȼɊɚɞɠɚɛɥɢȺɆȺɥɢȻɚɣɪɚɦɥɢɧɫɤɢɣɤɥɚɞɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɨɛɪɚ ɳɟɧɢɹɩɚɪɮɹɧɫɤɢɯɦɨɧɟɬɜɁɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟȼȾɂʋɆ. ɫ-28 3. ȻɢɤɟɪɦɚɧɗȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɋɟɥɟɜɤɢɞɨɜɆ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ ɫ 4. ȾɚɞɚɲɨɜɚɋɆɆɨɧɟɬɵɋɟɥɟɜɤɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɰɚɪɹȺɧɬɢɨɯɚ,ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɟɜȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ ȼȾɂʋ ɫ-51 5. ȾɭɧɞɭɚȽɎɇɭɦɢɡɦɚɬɢɤɚɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɣȽɪɭɡɢɢɌɛɢɥɢɫɢ: Ɇɟɰɧɢɟɪɟɛɚ ɫ 6. 3LUTXOL\HYD4Ԥ1XPL]PDWLNDQÕQԥVDVODUÕ%DNÕ: Nafta, 2009, 167 s. 7. 3LUTXOL\HYD4ԤøoԥULúԥhԥr Tarix muzeyinin numizmatika fondunun sikkԥ NDWDORTX%DNÕ: ùԥrq-Qԥrb, 168 s. 8. 3LUTXOL\HYD4Ԥ$]ԥUED\FDQDGÕQÕQ\DUDQPDVÕKDTTÕQGDPODKL]ԥlԥr. // www. BAO.az. 2017 9. ɊɚɞɠɚɛɥɢȺɆɇɭɦɢɡɦɚɬɢɤɚȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚȻɚɤɭ ɫ 10. Ɋɚɫɭɥɨɜɚ ɆɆȾɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɭɦɢɡɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɨ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɉɚɪɮɢɟɣ ,,-I ɜɜɞɨɷ ɋɛɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ©ɄɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɋɪɟɞɧɟɣȺɡɢɢɢɄɚɜɤɚ ɡɚªɌɟɡɢɫɵɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜɆ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ ɫ 11. Ɋɬɜɟɥɚɞɡɟɗȼ³ȼɚɪɜɚɪɫɤɢɟɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɟ´ɦɨɧɟɬȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚɆɚɤɟɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɢɯɦɟ ɫɬɨ ɱɟɤɚɧɤɢ ɚɪɟɚɥ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɋɛɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ 113 ©ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɡɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɩɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭɒɢɪɜɚɧɲɚɯɨɜª-24 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹɝȻɚɤɭ:Elm vԥ TԥKVLOɫ 12. .DODQNDWXNOX0$OEDQWDUL[L%DNÕ: Avrasiya Press, 286 c. 13. ɆɚɫɫɨɧȼɆɋɬɪɚɧɚɬɵɫɹɱɢɝɨɪɨɞɨɜɆ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ ɫ 14. ɆɭɫɚɤɚɟɜɚȺȺɌɭɪɚɧɫɤɢɟɦɨɧɟɬɵ,,,-9,,,ɜɜɌɚɲɤɟɧɬ: Ɇɭɧɢɫ ɫ 15. ɋɟɣɮɟɞɞɢɧɢɆȺɇɭɦɢɡɦɚɬɢɤɚȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚɌɨɦȻɚɤɭ: ɗɥɦ F 16. SeyfԥGGLQL0ԤԤOL\HYD5=3DUIL\DG|YOԥWL%DNÕ $GLOR÷OX 17. Hill C.F. Persiya.”Numizmatic chron”, 1922, pp.133 18. Nevvel E. T. The Antioch Mint.-“American Journal of Numizmatics”. ʋ1 ɈɌɇɈɒȿɇɂəɆȿɀȾɍɉȺɊɎɂȿɃɂȾɊȿȼɇɂɆȺɁȿɊȻȺɃȾɀȺɇɈɆ ȼɄɈɇɌȿɄɋɌȿɋɂɇɌȿɁȺɇɍɆɂɁɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ ȽȺɉɂɊȽɍɅɂȿȼȺ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ȼɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɛɨɥɟɟɥɟɬɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫ ɉɚɪɮɹɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɟɣ ȼ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɚɪɨɞɵɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɜɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯɤɚɤɤɢɦɦɟɪɵ ɫɚɤɢɫɤɢɮɵɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɬɸɪɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɷɬɧɨɫɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɬɚɤɠɟɢɦɟɸɬɨɫɨɛɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɫɥɨ ɠɟɧɢɢɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɲɟɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɋɪɟɞɢɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɷɬɨɝɨɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɚɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɭɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɭɦɢɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɬɪɨɩɚɬɟɧɵ ɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɢɢɡɚɩɪɨɲɥɵɣɜɟɤɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵɛɨɥɟɟɤɥɚɞɨɜɢɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟɤɨɥɢ ɱɟɫɬɜɨɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɯɧɚɯɨɞɨɤɦɨɧɟɬɱɟɤɚɧɟɧɧɵɟɜɉɚɪɮɢɢȿɫɥɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚȺɬɪɨɩɚɬɟɧɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɫɬɞɥɹɱɟɤɚɧɤɢɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣɢɦɩɟɪɢɢɉɚɪɮɢɢɬɨȺɥɛɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɷɬɢɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɤɚɤɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɥɚɬɟɠɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɷɬɢɦɢɮɚɤɬɚɦɢɜȺɥɛɚɧɢɢɜɢɞɢɦɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɦɢ ɱɟɤɚɧɢɥɢɦɟɥɤɢɟɦɟɞɧɵɟɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ-ɨɛɨɥɨɜ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɤɚɧ ɦɨɧɟɬ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟɧɚɪɨɞɵ RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARFIYA AND ANCIENT AZERBAIJAN IN THE CONTEXT OF SYNTHESIS MATERIALS Q.A.PIRQULIYEVA SUMMARY The ancient history of the Azerbaijani people is associated with the Parthian empire more than 500 years. The main peoples and ethnic groups, which play an important role in the formation and expansion of the Empire were Turkic-speaking, as well as in the formation of our people in the ethnic territories and participated in Greek literature gamary-kimmery, Saks, Skiff, Part-Parn and other tribal and tribal associations. Numerous material evidence of this fact is the plurality of numismatic materials. Thus, more than 100 samples of treasure and coins derived from archaeological excavations in the territory of Albania and Atropatena in the last century, mainly consist of official coins of this empire. The territories of Atropatena, which is directly involved in the centers of the Parthian state, where money is minted as the main place of implementation, where Azerbaijan (Caucasus) Albania receives these big value nominations, as well as where small money-obols are minted if necessary, considered to be one of the important strategic areas of the Great Turkish empire. 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'DKDGR÷UXVXEXQXPWOԥTHWPԥNOD]ÕPGÕUODNLQLUDQWUNVODY\DQYԥ fin-XTRU HWLPRORJL\DODUÕQÕQ QԥWLFԥOԥULQLQ VRQUDNÕ PTD\LVԥVLQL GԥULQGԥQ WԥKOLO HWPԥNOԥ Kԥ\DWD NHoLUPԥN JԥUԥNGLU Ԥ'Ԥ%øYYAT 1. ȾɭɪɦɭɲɂøOKDPL'XUPXúøVNLWOHU VDNDODU $QNDUD 2. ɁɚɤɢɟɜɆɁɌɚɬɚɪɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɄɚɡɚɧɶ 3. ȽɚɪɢɩɨɜɌɆɄɭɡɟɟɜɊȽɉɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢɪɚ ɧɨ-ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɹɡɢɜɍɪɚɥɨ-ɉɨɜɨɥɠɶɟ ɢȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɣɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚȼɨɫɬɨɤɟɌɟɡ,,,ȼɫɟɫɨɸɡɧɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧ ɰɢɢȾɭɲɚɧɛɟ 4. ɁɚɤɢɟɜɆɁȺɧɞɪɟɟɜȺɈɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɬɸɪɤɨɜɢɬɚɬɚɪɆ.: ɂɧɫɚɧ 5. ȽɪɚɱȺȾȾɪɟɜɧɢɟɤɨɱɟɜɧɢɤɢɜɰɟɧɬɪɟȺɡɢɢɆ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ ɫ 6. ȺɪɬɚɦɨɧɨɜɆɂɊɨɥɶɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ9,,,-9,ɜɟɤɨɜɜɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɢɢɤɢɦɦɟɪɢɣɰɟɜ ɢɫɤɢɮɨɜɜȺɡɢɸɢɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɢɯɜɫɬɟɩɢȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣȿɜɪɨɩɵɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ9,ɜȾɨɧɷ- ȼɤɧ ɗɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɋɋɋɊȽɟɨɝɪɨ-ɜɨɈɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɅ., 1971. 7. ȽɟɛɭɥɥɚɟɜȽȺɄɷɬɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɭɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɰɟɜȻɚɤɭ 8. ɋɢɦɨɤɚɬɬɚɎɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɆ., 1957. 9. ȺɛɚɟɜȼɂɈɫɟɬɢɧɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɢɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɆ.-Ʌ. ɬ 121 10. ɑɥɟɧɨɜɚɇɅɌɚɝɚɪɫɤɢɟɥɨɲɚɞɢɋɜɄɚɜɤɚɡɢɋɪɟɞɧɹɹȺɡɢɹɜɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟ ɤɨɜɵɟɆ., 1981. 11. ȽɨɝɨɥɟɜȺɂɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣɦɢɪɆ., 1987. 12. ɆɢɡɢɟɜɅɚɣɩɚɧɨɜɈɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɑɟɪɤɟɫɫɤ ɉɍɅ , ɫ 13. ɉɟɬɪɟɧɤɨȼȽɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɫɤɢɮɫɤɨɣɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢɆɂȺʋ Ɇ., 1971, ɫ 14. ȺɧɞɪɟɟɜȺɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɄɪɵɦɚɆ., 2000. 15. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜȺɉɋɤɢɮɵɆ., 1966. 16. ȼɢɡɚɧɬɢɣɫɤɢɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɢ, ɫ 17. ɅɚɬɵɲɟɜȼȼɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹɞɪɟɜɧɢɯɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɯɨɋɤɢɮɢɢɢɄɚɜ ɤɚɡɟɌɜɵɩ-ɋɉɛ 18. Ⱦɨɜɚɬɭɪ Ⱥɂ Ʉɚɥɥɢɫɬɨɜ Ⱦɉ ɋɵɬɨɜɚ ɂȺ ɇɚɝɪɚɞɵ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ©ɂɫɬɨɪɢɢ ȽɟɪɨɞRɬɚª. Ɇ., 1982. 19. ȽɟɪɨɞɨɬɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɜɞɟɜɹɬɢɤɧɢɝɚɯɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹȽȺɋɬɪɚɬɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ,9ɤ Ʌ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1972. 20. ɁɚɤɢɟɜɆɁɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɹɡɵɤɚɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɨɥɠɫɤɢɯɬɚɬɚɪɄɚɡɚɧɶ 21. ȻɚɪɬɨɥɶɞȼȼȽɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɂɛɧɋɚɢɞɚɋɨɱ– ɬ9,,,Ɇ.,1973. 22. Osman Karatay+ÕUYDW8OXVXQXQROXúXPX(UNHQRUWDoD÷GDWUN-+ÕUYDWLOLúNLOHUL$QNDUD 23. ȺɥɢɟɜɂɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɆɢɞɢɢȻɚɤɭ, 1960 əɁɕɄɄɍɅɖɌɍɊȺɂɗɌɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃɉɊɂɇȺȾɅȿɀɇɈɋɌɖɋɄɂɎɈȼ ɊɂɆȺȽȿɊɊȺɆɈȼ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɤɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɹɡɵɤɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɤɢɮɨɜ Ⱥɜɬɨɪɫɬɚɬɶɢɩɭɬɟɦɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɞɪɟɜɧɢɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɦɨɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɲɟɥɤɜɵɜɨɞɭɱɬɨɧɢɤɬɨɢɡɞɪɟɜɧɢɯɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɟɦɟɠɞɭɤɢɦɦɟɪɢɣɰɟɜɫɤɢɮɨɜɢ ɫɚɪɦɚɬɨɜɫɩɟɪɫɚɦɢɧɟɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢɢɧɟɩɢɫɚɥɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɢɧɟɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɢɨɫɯɨɞ ɫɬɜɟɦɟɠɞɭɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɹɡɵɤɨɜɤɢɦɦɟɪɢɣɰɟɜɫɤɢɮɨɜɢɫɚɪɦɚɬɨɜȿɫɥɢɛɵɬɚɤɨ ɝɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɛɵɨɛɴɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɧɢɛɵɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɤɢɮɨɜ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢɢɪɚɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɦɢ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɋɤɢɮɵȺɡɢɹȽɟɪɨɞɨɬɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɬɚɜɪɵɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣɄɚɜ ɤɚɡɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɟɉɪɢɱɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɶɟ LANGUAGE, CULTURE AND ETNIC AFFILIATION OF ISCHIDS R.I.MAHARRAMOV SUMMARY The article is devoted to the study of the language, culture and ethnicity of ischians. As a result of comparative analysis of the information provided by ancient sources, monographs and articles of separate historians and other historical literature, the author of the article has produced such a conclusion that the Cimmerians, ischds, and sarmats, none of the ancient writers who provided information about the similarities between the Persians and the proximity of their languages spoke and did not write it, if he had a similarity between Persian and ischds language, the ischds language was generally not the language of Iran. Keywords øVFKDLQV $VLD +HURGRWXV 7XUNLVK ODQJXDJH 3HUVLDQV 1RUWK &DXFDVXV Around North Black sea. 122 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 UOT 94” 19/...” ȼɈɅɇȿɇɂəȼɂɈɊȾȺɇɂɂ ɊȿɌɊɈɋɉȿɄɌɂȼɇɕɃɗɄɋɄɍɊɋ ȼɂɋɌɈɊɂɘɋɌɊȺɇɕɋɉɊɂɁɆɕɋȿȽɈȾɇəɒɇȿȽɈȾɇə Ɍ.ɇȺȻȻȺɋɈȼ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ [email protected] ɇɚɱɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɜ Ɍɭɧɢɫɟɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɨɯɜɚɬɢɥɢɦɧɨɝɢɟɝɨɪɨɞɚɄɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚɉɨɜɨɞɨɦɞɥɹɧɢɯɫɬɚɥɢɢɧ ɮɥɹɰɢɹɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɢɰɚɢɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɶɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɭɫɢɥɢɜɲɢɟɫɹɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɭɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɋɚɦɢɪɚ ɚɥɶ-Ɋɢɮɚɢɉɨɞɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɭɸɳɢɯɮɟɜɪɚɥɹɝɨɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɥɨ ɜ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɨɦ ɛɵɥ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ Ɇɚɪɭɮ ɚɥɶ- Ȼɚɯɢɬȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɭɠɟɦɚɪɬɚɬɨɝɨɠɟɝɨɞɚɜɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɛɵɥɨɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɨɨɫɨɡɞɚ ɧɢɢɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢɢɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɟɣ©Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɚɪɬɚªɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɧɚɱɚɥɨɛɟɫɫɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɚ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɇɚɪɭɮɚ ɚɥɶ-Ȼɚɯɢɬɚɭɲɥɨɜɨɬɫɬɚɜɤɭɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɷɬɢɦɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚ ɥɚɫɶɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤɫɪɟɞɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɵɞɟ ɥɢɬɶɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ-ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɟª Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ©Ⱥɪɚɛɫɤɚɹ ɜɟɫɧɚª ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɣɫɨɸɡɜɧɟɲɧɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɇɚɱɚɜɲɢɟɫɹɹɧɜɚɪɹɝɨɞɚɩɨɞɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɜɌɭɧɢɫɟ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɜɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɨɯɜɚɬɢɥɢɦɧɨɝɢɟɝɨɪɨɞɚɄɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚɉɨ ɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɹ ɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɢɰɚ ɢ ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɢ ɥɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɋɚɦɢɪɚ ɚɥɶ- Ɋɢɮɚɢ ɉɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɢ- ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɥɨɜɨɬɫɬɚɜɤɭɢɧɨɜɵɦɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɨɦɛɵɥɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɆɚɪɭɮɚɥɶ- Ȼɚɯɢɬȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɭɠɟɦɚɪɬɚɬɨɝɨɠɟɝɨɞɚɜɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɛɵɥɨɨɛɴɹɜ ɥɟɧɨɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢɢɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɟɣ©Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɚɪɬɚªɤɨ ɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɛɟɫɫɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɚ Ɇɚɪɭɮɚ ɚɥɶ-Ȼɚɯɢɬɚ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɲɥɨ ɜ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɚ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢ Ⱥɛɞɚɥɥɚ ,, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɥɩɨɩɵɬɤɢɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɵɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯɜɥɢ ɜɚɧɢɣɌɚɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɝɨɞɭɨɧɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɦɥɪɞɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜɧɚɡɚɪɩɥɚ ɬɵɝɨɫɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯɢɧɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɰɟɧɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɢɬɨɜɚɪɵɩɟɪɜɨɣɧɟ ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ . ɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɷɬɢɦɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ 123 ɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵ ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ-ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɟª ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ-ɦɭɫɭɥɶ- ɦɚɧɟª ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɛɟɞɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɟɫɬɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢ ȼɤɨɧɰɟɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹɝɨɞɚɤɨɪɨɥɶȺɛɞɚɥɥɚ,,ɪɚɫɩɨ ɪɹɞɢɥɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɨɪɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɟɜ-ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧª ɧɚɞɟɹɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɦɢ ɛɨɣɤɨɬ ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɨɛɟɳɚɥɢ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɵɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɚ-ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɳɢɤɚɤ ©Ȼɪɚɬɶ ɹɦªɛɵɥɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɛɵɜɲɢɣɝɥɚɜɚɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɞɜɨɪɚȾɠɚɜɚɞȺɧɚɧɢɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɣɜɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸɦɢɪɨɜɵɦɋɆɂɡɚɹɜɢɥɨɬɨɦɱɬɨ©ɥɢɞɟɪɚɦɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɚɧɟɫɧɚɪɭɠɢª ȼɪɟ ɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɠɟɜɢɡɢɬȾɠɚɜɚɞɚȺɧɚɧɢɤ ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɹɦªɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɧɭɸɰɟɥɶ ɨɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɢɯɛɨɣɤɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɫɤɢɟɜɵɛɨɪɵ . ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɬɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ-ɦɭɫɭɥɶ- ɦɚɧɟª ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɢɨɪɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨɜɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɭɸɦɨɧɚɪɯɢɸɥɢɛɨɜɫɤɨɪɨɦɛɭɞɭɳɟɦȺɛ ɞɚɥɥɚ ,, ɫɬɨɥɤɧɟɬɫɹ ɫ ©ɬɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɵɦª ɲɟɫɬɜɢɟɦ ©ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɫɧɵª ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɟɢ ɭɥɶɬɢɦɚɬɭɦɨɦɨɛɨɬɪɟɱɟɧɢɢɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɥɹɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɨɪɨɫ- ɩɭɫɤɟɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɫɬɪɚɧɵɹɜɢɥɨɫɶɫɜɨɟɝɨɪɨɞɚɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫ ɫɨɦ ɢɫɥɚɦɢɫɬɚɦ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɨɪɞɚɧɰɟɜ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ȼ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɨɬɟɫ ɬɭɸɳɢɯɧɚɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹɦɚɫ ɫɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɜɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵɫɬɪɚɧɵɧɚɫɱɢɬɚɥɢɢɜɨɜɫɟɧɟɛɨɥɟɟɬɵɫɹɱ (2). Ɍɚɤɤɚɤɠɟɢɤɚ ɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɨɣ ɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɬɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɧɢɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɨɞɭɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɬɟɨɪɢɢɉɨɨɞɧɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ Ⱥɦɦɚɧɚ ɜ ©ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢª ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɢɨɪɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ– ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɮɚɤɬɨɪɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢɁɚɩɚɞɚɄɨɧɟɱɧɨɠɟɧɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜɈɈɇɜɪɚɛɨ ɬɟɫɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɦɫɢɪɢɣɫɤɢɯɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜɈɞɧɚɤɨɢɦɟɟɬɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɫɭɳɟ ɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɧɚɹɜɟɪɫɢɹɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɷɬɢɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯɬɚɤɧɚɡɵ ɜɚɟɦɵɯ©ɫɟɪɵɯɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɨɜªɄɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ ). Ɍɟɩɟɪɶɭɠɟɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɠɧɨɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɨɬɩɪɢɱɢɧɩɨɛɭɞɢɜɲɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɧɨɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɷɬɨɣɫɬɪɚɧɟɨɤɚɡɚ ɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɢ ɜɤɭɩɟ ɫ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ ©ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɝɜɚɪɞɢɢª ɫɭɦɟɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɁɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɟɳɟɨɞɢɧɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɮɚɤɬɄɚɤɫɨɨɛɳɢɥ ɛɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ©6.<1HZVª ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧ ɡɚɝɨɜɨɪ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ Ⱥɥɶ-Ʉɚɢɞɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɜȺɦɦɚɧɟɜɡɪɵɜɵɜɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯɢɠɢɥɵɯɪɚɣɨɧɚɯɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ Ȼɵɥɢ 124 ɚɪɟɫɬɨɜɚɧɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɹɬɵɢɨɪɞɚɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɢɧɚɨɫɨɛɵɣɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɄɚɤɛɵɥɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɰɟɥɶɸɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɜɄɨɪɨɥɟɜ- ɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɝɧɟɫɬɪɟɥɶ ɧɨɝɨɨɪɭɠɢɹ . ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɥɨɜɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶɛɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɢ ɨɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɪɨɥɹɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢ Ⱥɛɞɚɥɥɵ,, əɜɥɹɹɫɶɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢɏɚɲɟɦɢɬɨɜɨɧɩɨɩɪɚɜɭɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɫɚɦɵɯɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɦɨɧɚɪɯɨɜɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɝɨɦɢɪɚɉɪɟɞɩɨɱɢ ɬɚɸɳɢɣɧɨɫɢɬɶɡɚɩɚɞɧɭɸɨɞɟɠɞɭɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɈɤɫɮɨɪɞɚɢɛɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɨɣɄɨ ɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɜ ɋɚɧɞɯɟɪɫɬɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪ Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠɬɚɭɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚȺɛɞɚɥɥɚ,,ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɤɨɪɨɥɟɣɢ ɷɦɢɪɨɜȻɥɢɠɧɟɝɨȼɨɫɬɨɤɚɇɟɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɩɪɢɞɹɤɜɥɚɫɬɢɜ ɝɨ ɞɭɨɧɜɡɹɥɤɭɪɫɧɚɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟ ɮɨɪɦɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɧɹɥɪɹɞɦɟɪɩɨɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɷɤɨ ɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɭɞɟɥɹɥ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ — ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɜɫɟɝɨɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɝɨɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɢɫɤɥɸɱɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢ ɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɥɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɭɸɜɧɟɲɧɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɥɢɧɢɸɫɜɨɟɝɨɨɬɰɚɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɏɭɫɟɣɧɚ. Ɍɚɤɱɬɨɛɵɧɟɩɨɪɬɢɬɶɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɫ ɂɡɪɚɢɥɟɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɝɨɞɭɜɵɝɧɚɥɢɡɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ©ɏȺɆȺɋªɢɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɜɲɟɣɫɋɒȺɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟ . ȿɳɟɧɟɞɚɜɧɨɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɹɢɦɟɥɚɜɫɟɲɚɧɫɵɫɬɚɬɶɨɛɳɟɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɦɫɢɦ ɜɨɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɝɨ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɤ ɬɨɪɚ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢ Ⱥɛɞɚɥɥɚ ,, ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɥ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɱɚɫɬɧɵɣɫɟɤɬɨɪɢɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɨ ɜɢɹɟɝɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɞɚɠɟɧɚɱɚɥɚɛɵɥɨɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɶɩɥɨɞɵ— ɜɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɩɨɹ ɜɢɥɫɹɰɟɥɵɣɤɥɚɫɫɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɟɣɢɡɱɢɫɥɚɦɨɥɨɞɵɯɥɸɞɟɣɟɳɟɧɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɛɪɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɥɨɱɤɚɦ ɥɚɝɟɪɟɣ ɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɢɰɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɚɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ— ȼɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɚɹɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɜɧɟɲɧɹɹɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɤɨɪɨɥɹɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹɩɨɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ©ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɂɡɪɚɢɥɹª ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɚ ɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɯ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ©Ⱥɪɚɛɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɫɧɵª ɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɜɟɪɧɭɬɚ Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ ɜ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɧɭɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɨɛɨɫɬɪɢɜɢɛɟɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɭɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɋɬɚɪɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɜɵɥɟɡɥɢɧɚɪɭɠɭɢɜɤɭɩɟɫɧɨɜɵɦɢɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢɭɝɪɨɡɚɦɢɩɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɩɨɞɜɨɩɪɨɫɫɚɦɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɤɧɟɡɚɜɢ 125 ɫɢɦɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɧɨɢɤɚɤɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɜɨɨɛɳɟ . ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦɨɥɨɞɨɦɭɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɨɦɭɢɤɬɨɦɭɠɟɚɦ ɛɢɰɢɨɡɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɸ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɝ- ɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɟɤɬɜɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦɦɢɪɟɟɫɥɢɛɵɜɟɝɨɪɨɞ ɧɨɦɂɨɪɞɚɧɫɤɨɦɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɟɧɟɛɵɥɨɬɚɤɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɦɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɹ- ɨɞɧɚɢɡɫɚɦɵɯɛɟɞɧɵɯɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɯɦɨɧɚɪ ɯɢɣɤɬɨɦɭɠɟɛɨɥɟɟɲɟɫɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɨɧɚɠɢɜɟɬɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨɜɥɸɛɨɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɪɚɡɨɪɜɚɬɶɫɬɪɚɧɭɌɚɤ ɱɬɨɧɟɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɜɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤɦɢ ɧɢɦɭɦɛɟɡɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɏɨɱɟɬɫɹɧɚɞɟɹɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɹɜɫɟɠɟɫɭɦɟɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹɬɚɤɨɣɠɟ©ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣɞɥɹɜɫɟɯªɫɬɪɚɧɨɣɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɹɫɨɛɨɣɨɫɬɪɨ ɜɨɤɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜ©ɨɤɟɚɧɟɧɚɫɢɥɢɹªɛɥɢɠɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ ©ȼɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɜɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢ ª KWWSV UXZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNLȼɨɥɧɟɧɢɹBɜBɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢB Ⱦɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 13.06.2017) ©ɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɹɝɤɚɹɚɪɚɛɫɤɚɹɜɟɫɧɚªKWWSV //topwar.ru/20093-iordaniya-myagkaya- arabskaya-YHVQDKWPO Ⱦɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ©ɄɚɤɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢɭɞɚɥɨɫɶɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶȺɪɚɛɫɤɨɣɜɟɫɧɵ"ªKWWS DUDEPLUQHWQRGH Ⱦɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɆɢɪɡɚɹɧȽ©Ɋɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɟɤɦɟɫɬɭɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢª http://expert.ru/expert/2012/31/reformator-ne-k-mestu-i-YUHPHQL Ⱦɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 19.06.2018) ɋɨɥɨɝɭɛɨɜɫɤɢɣɇ©ȺɪɚɛɫɤɚɹɜɟɫɧɚªɜɂɨɪɞɚɧɢɢªKWWS ZZZSUR]DUX Ⱦɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ø25'$1ø<$'$.,d$;1$ù0$ +$=,5.,=$0$11g47(<ø-1Ԥ=Ԥ5ø1'Ԥ1 g/.Ԥ1ø17$5ø;9Ԥ.(d0øùø1Ԥ1Ԥ=Ԥ5 T.N.ABBASOV ;h/$6Ԥ 7XQLVGԥNL LQTLODEÕQ WԥVLUL QԥWLFԥVLQGԥ \DQYDU -FL LO WDUL[Gԥ øRUGDQL\DGD EDúODQPÕú oD[QDúPDODU GԥUKDO .UDOOÕ÷ÕQ ELU oR[ úԥKԥUOԥULQL ԥKDWԥ HWPLúGLU %XQD [VXVԥQ Gԥ Samir al-Rifainin hakimi\\ԥWGԥROGX÷XG|YUԥU]LQGԥDUWDQLQIODVL\DLúVL]OLNYԥ\R[VXOOXTVԥEԥE ROPXúGXU(WLUD]HGԥQOԥULQWԥVLULQԥWLFԥVLQGԥIHYUDO-FLLOWDUL[GԥK|NPԥWLVWHIDYHUGLYԥ yeni %Dúnazir Maruf al-%D[LWWԥ\LQHGLOPLúGLU(\QL]DPDQGDPDUW-ci il tarixdԥWԥOԥEԥ Yԥ]L\DOÕODUWԥUԥILQGԥQøRUGDQL\DGD\HQLWԥ\LQHGLOPLú%DúQD]LUԥTDUúÕSURWHVWEDúODPÕúYԥ³ PDUW+ԥUԥNDWÕ´QÕQ\DUDQPDVÕHODQHGLOPLúGLURNW\DEU-FLLOWDUL[Gԥ0DUXIDO-Baxitinin K|NPԥWLLVWHIDYHUGL%XQXQOD\DQDúÕøRUGDQL\DԥUD]LVLQGԥDUDODUÕQGD³0VԥOPDQ4DUGDúODU´ KԥUԥNDWÕRODQP[WԥOLIUDGLNDOTUXSODúPDODUÕQÕQIԥDOOÕ÷ÕDUWPÕúGÕU $oDU V|]OԥU ©ԤUԥE EDKDUÕª VLODKOÕ PQDTÕúԥ VL\DVL E|KUDQ KԥUEL LWWLIDT [DULFL VL\DVԥWP|YTH\L 126 THE DISTURBANCES IN JORDAN: THE BACKWARD GLANCE AT THE COUNTRY’S HISTORY IN THE LIGHT OF THE PRESENT DAY T.N.ABBASOV SUMMARY The disturbances in Jordan started on 22 January, 2011 under the influence of revolution in Tunis involved many cities of the Kingdom at once. The inflation, unemployment and poverty increased particularly in the period ruled over by Samir al-Rifai government have caused them. Under the impact of the protestants on the 1 February, 2011 this government resigned and Maruf al-Bahit was appointed as the new prime minister. At the same time on 24 March, 2011 the students and the intellectuals announced about the foundation of the «The 24 March Movement» that started the protest against newly-appointed prime minister. On 17 October, 2011 Maruf al-Bahit government resigned. Side by side with this in the territory of Jordan various radical groups became more active and the «Muslim Brothers» movement should be noted amongst them. Keywords: ©7KH $UDE 6SULQJª ɚUPHG FRQIOLFW SROLWLFDO FULVLV PLOLWDU\ DOOLDQFH foreign-policy position. 127 BAK,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 ɍȾɄ ȼɅɂəɇɂȿȽȿɈɉɈɅɂɌɂɄɂ;9,,–;,;ȼȿɄɈȼɇȺɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕȿ ɄɈɇɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕȿɂɁɆȿɇȿɇɂə ȼɘȽɈ-ȼɈɋɌɈɑɇɈɃɑȺɋɌɂɘɀɇɈȽɈɄȺȼɄȺɁȺ ɍɒȽȺȾɀɂȿȼȺ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬȺɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɗɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɇȺɇȺ [email protected] ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɢɫɬɨɪɢɢȺɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɣȺɩɨɫɬɨɥɶ ɫɤɨɣɰɟɪɤɜɢ;9,,-;,;ɜɟɤɨɜɧɚɮɨɧɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨ ɪɢɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚɜɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɄɚɜɤɚɡɚ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɋɟɮɟɜɢɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɡ ɧɢɤɲɢɦɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚɬ ɛɵɥ ɜɬɹɧɭɬ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɢɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɧɢɟ ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ;,; ɜɟɤɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢɭɬɪɚɬɟɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɚɜɬɨɤɟɮɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ, ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚɬɜɟɪɨɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɚɧɢɟɚɜɬɨɤɟɮɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ȺɥɛɚɧɫɤɚɹȺɩɨɫɬɨɥɶɫɤɚɹɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ȾɚɧɧɚɹɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚɩɪɢɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟɎɨɧɞɚ ɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɇɚɭɤɢɩɪɢɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɟȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ– Ƚɪɚɧɬʋ(ø)-KETPL-2-2015-1(25)-6/54/5 Ƚɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɜ- ɤɚɡɚɜ;9,,–;,;ɜɜɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɤɨɧɮɟɫ ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɜ ;9,,–ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ;9,,,ɜɜɜɯɨɞɢɥɚɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɋɟɮɟɜɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɯɨɦ ɂɫɦɚɢɥɨɦ ɋɟɮɟɜɢ – ɩɨɬɨɦɤɨɦ ɚɪɞɟɛɢɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɲɟɣɯɨɜɫɭɮɢɣɫɤɨ-ɞɟɪɜɢɲɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɞɟɧɚ©ɋɟɮɟɜɢɣɟªɈɧɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɧɚɫɜɨɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɡɧɚɬɶɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɯɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɡɭɥɶɤɚɞɚɪ ɚɮɲɚɪ ɤɚɞɠɚɪ ɲɚɦ ɥɭ ɪɭɦɥɭ ɧɚ ɜɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɋɟɮɟɜɢɞɵ ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚɛɵɥɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɨɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ– ɛɟɝɥɹɪɛɟɝɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ ;9,–;9,, ɜɜ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɥɚ ɞɟɧɢɹɱɬɨɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɩɪɢɜɟɥɨɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɪɹɞɚɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɯɚɧɫɬɜ (1, 238; 15, 125, 136-137; 20, 255-269; 26, 24-32, 63-76, 86-105). ȼ ;9, ɜ ɲɚɯ Ɍɚɯɦɚɫɩ , (1524– ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɥ ɷɦɢɪɚ ɒɚɯɜɟɪɞɢ- 128 ɫɭɥɬɚɧɚ Ɂɢɣɹɞ-ɨɝɥɵ ɛɟɝɥɟɪɛɟɝɨɦ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɚ ɢ ɝɥɚɜɨɣ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɨɣɦɚɤɨɜ ɝɚɞɠɚɪ - ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨ–Ƚɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɝɥɟɪɛɟɝɫɬɜɚ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɟɮɟɜɢɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɩɪɢ ɲɚɯɟ Ⱥɛɛɚɫɟ , (1587– ɜɝɨɞɵɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɚɹɡɧɚɬɶɩɨɬɟɪɹɥɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɪɹɞ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɣ ɜ Ƚɢɥɹɧɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɘɠɧɨɦ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɟ ɪɚɫɲɚɬɚɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɋɟɮɟ ɜɢɞɫɤɨɣɞɟɪɠɚɜɵɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɜɛɨɪɶɛɭɡɚɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯɯɚɧɫɬɜ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫɤɚɹ Ⱥɩɨɫɬɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɄɚɜ ɤɚɡɚɫ,9ɩɨ9,,,ɜɜɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯȺɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɉɨɫɥɟɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ 9,,, ɜ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵɩɪɢɧɹɥɚɢɫɥɚɦȺɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚɬ ,;–ɧɚɱɚɥɨ;,;ɜɜ ɜɨɡ ɝɥɚɜɢɥɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɭɸɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɭɸɩɚɫɬɜɭɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɭɸɧɚɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ Ʉɭɪɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɧɹɠɟɫɬɜ ɦɟɥɢɤɫɬɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯɜ,;–;,;ɜɜɜȺɪɰɚɯɟ-Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɟɢɋɸɧɢɤɟ-ɋɢɫɚɤɚɧɟ - 126; 16, II, 21, 146; 18, 330-413, 615-627, 667; 21, 24-33; 25; 28, 42-44). ɊɟɡɢɞɟɧɰɢɟɣȺɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚɬɚɧɚɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢɜɟɤɨɜɫɥɭɠɢ ɥɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɢɚɫ;,,,ɜ– ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶȽɚɧɞɡɚɫɚɪɜɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɢ ɏɚɱɟɧ ɜ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧ ɫɬɚɥ ɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ Ƚɚɧɞɡɚɫɚɪɫɤɢɦ ɏɚɱɟɧ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɤɧɹɡɟɣ ɏɚɫɚɧ- Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥɨɜ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɢɧɚ ɫɬɢɢ , ɫ-54; 9, I, c.31-32; 27, p.307-310). ȼ ɝ ɜ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɟ ɋɢɦɨɧ ɫɵɧ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɭɳɟɥɢɣ ɝɆɭɪɨɜɞɚɝɜɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɢȾɠɪɚɛɟɪɞɨɫɧɨɜɚɥɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶȿɪɟɤɆɚɧɤɭɧɤɈɧ ɡɚɥɨɠɢɥ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ Ƚɚɧɞɡɚɫɚɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɞɨɝɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɥɢɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɟɧɧɵɟɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɵɋɢɦɨɧ (1675– ɇɟɪɫɟɫ – ɂɫɪɚɟɥ – ɢɋɢɦɨɧ-ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ (1794–ɢɥɢ ȼ;9,,, ɜɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɤɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɥɢɤɨɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɉɟɬɪɚ, – ɜɟɥɢɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɫ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɞɜɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɫ ȿɜɪɨɩɨɣ ɨ ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɟɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɦɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɨɦȿɫɚɟɣɏɚɫɚɧ- Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥɨɦɜɝɛɵɥɨɩɨɞɞɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɉɪɢɲɟɞɲɢɣɤɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɉɟɪɫɢɢɜɝɇɚɞɢɪ-ɲɚɯȺɮɲɚɪɠɟɥɚɹ ɨɫɥɚɛɢɬɶɜɥɚɫɬɶɄɚɞɠɚɪɨɜɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɬɨɬȽɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɛɟɝɥɹɪɛɟɤɫɬɜɚɡɟɦ ɥɢ ɩɹɬɢɦɟɥɢɤɫɬɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɚɤɨɱɟɜɵɯɩɥɟɦɟɧɆɢɥɶɫɤɨ-Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɣɫɬɟɩɢ Ɂɚɧɝɟɡɭɪ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬ ɢɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɲɚɯɫɤɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ȼ ɢɡɝɧɚɧɢɢ ɨɫɦɚɧɨɜɢɡɘɠɧɨɝɨɄɚɜɤɚɡɚɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɩɨɦɨɳɶɇɚɞɢɪ-ɲɚɯɭɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɷɦɢ ɪɵɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚȾɠɚɜɚɧɲɢɪȻɟɯɛɭɞɚɥɢɢɟɝɨɛɪɚɬɉɚɧɚɯ ȺɥɢɁɚɷɬɢɡɚɫɥɭɝɢɇɚɞɢɪ-ɲɚɯɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɥɉɚɧɚɯȺɥɢɩɨɥɤɨɜɨɞɰɟɦɚȻɟɯ ɛɭɞɚɥɢ– ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɣɦɟɣɫɬɟɪɨɦ 66). ȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɧɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɤɨɪɨɧɚ ɰɢɢ ɇɚɞɢɪ-ɲɚɯɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɚɥ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɸɡɵ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ – Ⱦɠɚɜɚɧɲɢɪ Ɉɬɭɡɢɤɢ ɢ Ʉɟɛɢɪɥɢ ɢɡ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɚ ɜ ɨɛ 129 ɥɚɫɬɶɋɟɪɚɯɫɜɏɨɪɚɫɚɧɟɁɚɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɨɞɭɛɪɚɬɉɚɧɚɯȺɥɢ – Ɏɚɡɚɥɢ-ɛɟɤ ɛɵɥ ɤɚɡɧɟɧ ɇɚɞɢɪ-ɲɚɯɨɦɑɬɨɛɵɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣɭɱɚ ɫɬɢ ɉɚɧɚɯ Ⱥɥɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɫɨɪɨɞɢɱɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɥ ɥɚɝɟɪɶ ɇɚɞɢɪ- ɲɚɯɚɜɝɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɹɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɢɨɛɴɹɜɢɥɫɟɛɹɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɯɚɧɨɦ (2, I, 179). ȿɝɨɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɥɢɜɟɪɧɭɜɲɢɟɫɹɢɡɏɨɪɚɫɚɧɚɜɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɣȽɚɪɚ ɛɚɯ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɣ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɸɡ Ɉɬɭɡɢɤɢ Ⱦɠɟɜɚɧɲɢɪ ɢ Ʉɟɛɢɪɥɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɚ ɇɚɞɢɪ-ɲɚɯɚ Ⱥɜɲɚɪɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɧɫɬɜ ɨɬ ɉɟɪɫɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ;9,,,ɜɫɬɚɥɚɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣȼɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɛɵɜɲɢɯɛɟɝɥɹɪɛɟɝɫɬɜɋɟɮɟɜɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɟɒɢɪɜɚɧɫɤɨɟ Ⱦɠɚɜɚɞɫɤɢɟ Ɍɚɥɵɲɫɤɨɟ Ʉɭɛɢɧɫɤɨ-Ⱦɟɪɛɟɧɬɫɤɨɟ Ƚɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɒɟɤɢɧ ɫɤɨɟ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɟ ɂɪɟɜɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɇɚɯɱɵɜɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ;,;ɜɉɨɦɢɦɨɬɸɪɤɨɜɷɬɢɯɚɧɫɬɜɚɢɡɞɪɟɜɥɟɧɚɫɟɥɹɥɢɬɚɤɢɟɷɬɧɨɫɵɢɫɭ ɛɷɬɧɨɫɵɤɚɤɛɭɞɭɝɢɤɪɵɡɵɢɧɝɢɥɨɣɰɵɯɚɩɵɬɵɭɞɢɧɵɯɢɧɚɥɭɝɰɵɥɟɡ ɝɢɧɵɤɭɪɞɵɬɚɥɵɲɢɬɚɬɵɚɜɚɪɰɵɢɞɪ ɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɉɚɧɚɯȺɥɢ-ɯɚɧ Ⱦɠɚɜɚɧɲɢɪ – ɫɵɧɂɛɪɚ ɝɢɦ ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɚɝɢ ɢɡ ɨɣɦɚɝ ɋɚɪɵɞɠɚɥɵ Ⱦɠɟɜɚɧɲɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ,695) ɫɬɚɥ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɯɚɧɫɬɜɚɡɚɧɢɦɚɜɲɟɝɨɜɟɫɶɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɣɢɧɚɝɨɪɧɵɣ ȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɁɚɧɝɟɡɭɪȻɚɪɝɭɲɚɬɆɟɝɪɢɨɬɪȺɪɚɤɫɞɨɨɡɋɟɜɚɧɨɬɪɌɟɪɬɟɪɧɚ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɢɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɢɜ Ɍɚɬɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɋɢɫɢɚɧɫɤɢɣ Ʉɚɮɚɧɫɤɢɣ Ɇɟɝɪɢɧɫɤɢɣɦɚɝɚɥɵ 57; 8, 155; 13, 70). ©ȼɝ ɝɯ ɜɦɚɝɚɥɟɄɚ ɛɢɪɥɢɜɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢȻɚɹɬɨɧɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɥɭɛɟɠɢɳɟª ɜɛɥɢɡɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɪɚɡ ɝɪɨɦɢɥɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɟɜɨɣɫɤɨ ɒɟɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɢ ɒɢɪɜɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɯɚɧɨɜ (7, 71-84). ɂɡ-ɡɚɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɉɚɧɚɯȺɥɢ-ɯɚɧ©ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɜɤɪɟ ɩɨɫɬɶ Ȼɚɹɬ ɩɪɢɛɵɥ ɜ Ɍɚɪɧɚɤɭɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ Ɍɟɪɬɟɪɚ ɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɒɚɯɛɭɥɚɝɜɨɡɞɜɢɝɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶɜɝɝɯ –1752)» (3, 56). Ɇɟɥɢɤɢɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɣ ȽɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɚȾɠɪɚɛɟɪɞɚɏɚɱɟɧɚȼɚɪɚɧɞɵɢȾɢɡɚ ɤɚ ɏɚɦɫɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɜɲɢɟɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɝɫɤɨ-Ƚɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɟɛɟɝɥɹɪɛɟɝɫɬɜɨɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɫɬɚɥɢɜɪɚɠɞɨɜɚɬɶɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɛɨɣ ©ɉɚɧɚɯɯɚɧɡɚɞɭɦɚɥɩɨɞɱɢɧɢɬɶɫɟɛɟɦɚ ɝɚɥɵɏɚɦɫɟ» (ɝɥ Ɇɟɥɢɤȼɚɪɚɧɞɵɒɚɯɧɚɡɚɪɩɪɢɡɧɚɥɜɥɚɫɬɶɉɚ ɧɚɯ Ⱥɥɢ-ɯɚɧɚ ɫɬɚɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ Ⱦɠɟɪɚɛɟɪɞɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɥɢɤ Ⱥɬɚɦ ɜ ɫɨɸɡɟ ɫ Ƚɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɥɢɤɨɦ Ɉɜɫɟɩɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɉɚɧɚɯ Ⱥɥɢ-ɯɚɧɚ ɉɨɬɟɪɩɟɜ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɧɢ ɫɤɪɵɥɢɫɶ ɭ ɝɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɚ ɢ ɥɟɬ ɩɪɨɠɢɥɢ ɜ ɒɚɦɤɢɪɟ ɉɪɢɯɨɞ ɤ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɉɟɪɫɢɢ Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɟɞ Ƚɚɫɚɧ- ɯɚɧɚɄɚɞɠɚɪɚɫɨɡɞɚɥɨɭɝɪɨɡɭɞɥɹɉɚɧɚɯ-ɯɚɧɚɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹɩɨ ɡɢɰɢɣȽɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɯɚɧɚ ɢɡ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ Ʉɚɞɠɚɪ Ɍɤ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ ɒɚɯɛɭɥɚɝ ɦɨɝɥɚɧɟɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɨɫɚɞɵɉɚɧɚɯȺɥɢ-ɯɚɧɨɫɧɨɜɚɥɧɨɜɭɸɫɬɨɥɢɰɭɜɤɪɟ ɩɨɫɬɢ ɒɭɲɚ ɉɚɧɚɯɚɛɚɞ ɜ ɝɯ – ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɧɚ ɦɪɚɦɨɪɧɨɦɧɚɞɝɪɨɛɢɢɦɨɝɢɥɵɉɚɧɚɯ-ɯɚɧɚɜȺɝɞɚɦɟɞɚɬɚɟɝɨɫɦɟɪɬɢɭɤɚ ɡɚɧɚɝɯ . ȼ ɝ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɚ ɫɬɚɥ ɟɝɨ ɫɵɧ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧ (1732– ɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɦȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɟɯɚɧɫɬɜɨɫɬɚɥɨɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ (2, II, 147). 130 ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹȽɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ (1747–1804 ɫɨɫɬɨɥɢɰɟɣɜɝȽɹɧɞɠɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɮɚɦɢɥɢɟɣɁɢɣɹɞ-ɨɝɥɵɄɚɞɠɚɪɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɟɝɥɟɪɛɟɝɚɦɢ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ – ɯɚɧɚɦɢ - ȼ ɝ ɛɟɝɥɟɪɛɟɝ Ɂɢɹɞɨɝɥɵɒɚɯɜɟɪɞɢ-ɯɚɧ – ɩɪɢɧɹɥɯɚɧɫɤɢɣɬɢɬɭɥ , 905-906). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɧɱɢɧɵ Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɟɞ-ɏɚɫɚɧ-ɯɚɧɚ –1784) Ƚɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɧɫɬ ɜɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɢɊɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧ – ɢȾɠɚɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧɒɚɯɜɟɪɞɢɯɚɧɁɢɹɞɨɝ ɥɵ Ʉɚɞɠɚɪ – ɉɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɡɧɚɦɟɧɨɜɚɥɨ ɪɚɫɰɜɟɬ Ƚɹɧɞɠɢ ȾɢɡɚɤɫɤɢɣɦɟɥɢɤȿɫɚɣɞɠɪɚɛɟɪɞɫɤɢɣɦɟɥɢɤɆɟɞɠɥɭɦɂɫɪɚɷɥɹɧɢ ɝɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɥɢɤ Ⱥɛɨɜ Ȼɟɝɥɹɪ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢȼɷɬɨɣɛɨɪɶɛɟɧɚɫɬɨɪɨɧɟɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɯɚɧɚɛɵɥɢɦɟ ɥɢɤȼɚɪɚɧɞɵɒɚɯɧɚɡɚɪɢɦɟɥɢɤɏɚɱɟɧɚɆɢɪɡɚ-ɯɚɧɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɨ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɥɢɫɶɫɯɚɧɫɤɢɦɢɡɟɦɥɹɦɢȽɚɧɞɡɚɫɚɪɫɤɢɣɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶɜɷɬɨɬɩɟɪɢ ɨɞ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɵ ɪɨɞɚ ɏɚɫɚɧ-Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥ – ɂɟɪɟɦɢɹ –1700), ȿɫɚɢ – Ɉɜɚɧɟɫ ɂɨɚɧɧ 9,,, – ɢ ɋɚɪɝɢɫ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ (1794–1798, 1810– ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟ ɥɢɤɚɦɢȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɚɢɝɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɢɦȾɠɚɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧɨɦȼȽɹɧɞɠɟɧɚɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɚɹ-ɭɞɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɳɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɚ Ⱦɠɚɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧɚ Ɉɧ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɯɩɪɚɡɞɧɟɫɬɜɚɯɢɨɛɪɹɞɚɯɜɋɨɛɨɪɧɨɣɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɣɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɂɨɚɧɧɚɄɪɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ;9,,ɜ ɢɧɚɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɤɨɥɨɧɧɜɷɬɨɣɰɟɪɤɜɢɢɦɟɥɚɫɶ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ ©ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ Ⱦɠɚɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧɚª ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɥɚɜɨɣ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɟɩɚɪɯɢɢɜȽɹɧɞɠɟɛɵɥɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɋɚɪɝɢɫ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ɏɚɫɚɧ-Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥ 56). ɈɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚɬȿɪɟɤɆɚɧɤɭɧɤɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɫɬɪɟɦɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶɫɜɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɢɜɥɚɫɬɶɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɟɢ ɠɟɥɚɸɳɟɝɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɢɬɶɫɟɛɟɜɫɟɯɜɥɚɞɟɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɥɢɤɨɜȽɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɚȾɠɚ ɛɟɪɬɚȾɢɡɚɤɚɏɚɱɟɧɚɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɩɟɪɟɞɚɥɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭɤɚ ɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɭɂɫɪɚɟɥɭɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶȺɦɚɪɚɫ1 ɢɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɥɟɝɨɩɚɫɬɵɪɟɦȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɚ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɟ ȿɪɟɤ Ɇɚɧɤɭɧɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫ ɋɢɦɨɧ- ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɩɨɨɛɟɳɚɥɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɨɦ ȽɚɧɞɡɚɫɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɟɛɵɥɨɞɜɚɤɚɬɨɥɢ ɤɨɫɚɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɚɋɝ ɜ ɞɟɥɚ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ƚɪɭɡɢɸ ɫɬɚɥ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɵ,, ɤɧɹɡɶȽȺɉɨɬɟɦɤɢɧɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɦɟɥɢɤɢɜɫɬɭɩɢɥɢɜɬɚɣɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɗɬɨ ɝɪɨɡɢɥɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɬɶ ɒɭɲɭ ɢ ɭɠɟɫɬɨɱɚɬɶ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɦɟɥɢɤɨɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɚɄɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹȿɪɟɤɆɚɧɤɭɧɤɜɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ 1 Ɇɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶ Ⱥɦɚɪɚɫ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɜ ɏɨɞɠɚɜɟɧɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ,9ɜɫɜ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɢɟɦɉɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɦɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɞɨɫɬɢɝɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ,9ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɜɧɭɤɚ ɫɜ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɢɹ ɉɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚȽɪɢɝɨɪɢɫɚɭɛɢɬɨɝɨɜɘɠɧɨɦȾɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɟ ɜɢɥɢɝ 131 ɡɚɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɭɫɥɭɝɢɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɬɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɚɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɧɚȺɝ ɜɚɧɫɤɢɣɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɫɤɢɣɩɪɟɫɬɨɥɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɧɟɩɨɤɨɪɧɵɯɦɟɥɢɤɨɜɛɵɥɢɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɭɲɧɵɟ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɭ ȼ ɝ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ Ƚɹɧɞɠɟ ɦɟɥɢɤɢ Ƚɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɚ Ⱦɠɚɛɟɪɬɚ ɢ Ⱦɢɡɚɤɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɫ Ⱦɠɚ ɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɜɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɫɬɨɥ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚ Ƚɚɧɞɡɚɫɚɪɚ ɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɚ ɋɚɪɝɢɫɚ ɋɟɪɝɢɹ ɏɚɫɚɧ-Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥɚ –1798, 1810–1828). ɂɬɚɤɜ;9,,,ɜɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚɪɚɫɩɪɹɦɟɠɞɭɬɪɟɦɹɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨ ɫɚɦɢ ɋɢɦɨɧɨɦɫɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɰɢɟɣɜɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɟȿɪɟɤɆɚɧɤɭɧɤɂɫɪɚɟɥɨɦ– ɜ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɟ Ⱥɦɚɪɚɫ ɢ ɋɚɪɝɢɫɨɦ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɦ – ɜ Ƚɹɧɞɠɟ . ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ ɏɚ ɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɨɩɚɫɚɹɫɶɱɬɨɩɨɞɞɚɧɧɵɟɦɟɥɢɤɨɜȽɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɚɢȾɠɪɚɛɟɪɞɚɨɛɴɟ ɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹɫɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɚɦɢȽɹɧɞɠɢɧɚɱɚɥɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɹɬɶɠɢɬɟɥɟɣȽɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɚ– ɜɏɚɱɟɧɚɠɢɬɟɥɟɣȾɠɪɚɛɟɪɞɚ– ɜȾɢɡɚɤɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɫɟɦɟɣɢɡȽɸɥɢɫɬɚ ɧɚɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɥɢɫɶɜȽɹɧɞɠɭɢȾɠɚɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧɨɬɜɟɥɢɦɦɟɫɬɨɞɥɹɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɜ ɒɚɦɯɨɪɟɫɟɦɟɣɢɡȾɠɪɚɛɟɪɞɚɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɜȽɹɧɞɠɭȾɠɚɜɚɞ- ɯɚɧ ɩɨɫɟɥɢɥ ɜ ɒɚɦɲɚɞɢɧɟ ɗɬɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɡɜɚ ɧɢɹɦɢ ɋɬɚɪɵɣ ɏɧɚɰɚɯ ɢ ɇɨɜɵɣ ɏɧɚɰɚɯ ɋɬɚɪɚɹ Ɂɟɣɜɚ ɢ ɇɨɜɚɹ Ɂɟɣɜɚ ɉɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɦɟɥɢɤ Ƚɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɚ Ⱥɛɨɜ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟ ɥɢɥɫɹɢɡȽɹɧɞɠɢɜȽɪɭɡɢɸɢɨɫɧɨɜɚɥɜȻɨɥɧɢɫɢɧɨɜɨɟɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱥɝɚ-Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɟɞ-ɯɚɧɄɚɞɠɚɪɩɨɞɱɢɧɢɥɉɟɪɫɢɸɢɜ ɝ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɩɪɨɬɢɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɯɚɧɫɬɜɚɇɨɡɚɯɜɚɬɢɬɶɒɭɲɭɧɟ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶȼ ɝ ɨɧɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɥɩɨɯɨɞɧɚɄɚɜɤɚɡ ɫ-ɬɵɫɜɨɣɫɤɨɦ ɨɞɧɭɱɚɫɬɶɜɨɣɫɤɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ– ɜɂɪɟɜɚɧɫɤɨɟɯɚɧɫɬɜɨɚɞɪɭɝɭɸ– ɜɆɭɝɚɧɫɤɭɸɫɬɟɩɶɋɨɫɧɨɜ ɧɵɦɢɫɢɥɚɦɢɨɧɱɟɪɟɡȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɢȽɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɟɯɚɧɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɜȽɪɭɡɢɸ ɫɠɟɝɌɢɮɥɢɫɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɢɜɛɨɥɟɟɬɵɫɠɢɬɟɥɟɣɝɨɪɨɞɚɭɜɟɞɹɜɩɥɟɧɨɫ ɬɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ Ⱦɠɚɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱥɝɚ Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɟɞ-ɯɚɧɭ Ʉɚɞɠɚɪɭɱɬɨɩɪɢɜɟɥɨɤɬɨɦɭɜ ɝ ɜɨɣɫɤɚɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɰɚɪɹɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɚɢɚɜɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɍɦɦɚ-ɯɚɧɚ ɨɫɚɞɢɥɢȽɹɧɞɠɭɈɫɚɞɚɝɨ ɪɨɞɚɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶɛɟɡɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣȼɟɫɧɨɣ ɝ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹɚɪɦɢɹɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɚɝɪɚ ɮɚȼȺɁɭɛɨɜɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɥɚɩɨɯɨɞɜɒɢɪɜɚɧɡɚɧɹɥɚȾɟɪɛɟɧɞ, Ȼɚɤɭ, Ƚɭɛɭ ɒɟɦɚɯɚ, Ƚɹɧɞɠɚ ɇɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɵ ,, ɚɪɦɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɨɡɜɚɧɚ ɉɚɜɥɨɦ , - ȼ ɝ Ⱥɝɚ-ɆɭɯɚɦɦɟɞɲɚɯɄɚɞɠɚɪ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɥɧɨ ɜɵɣ ɩɨɯɨɞ ɧɚ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧ ɛɟɠɚɥ ɜ ɒɢɪɜɚɧ Ⱥɝɚ- ɆɭɯɚɦɦɟɞɲɚɯɄɚɞɠɚɪɫɬɪɢɭɦɮɨɦɜɨɲɟɥɜɒɭɲɭɨɞɧɚɤɨɛɵɥɬɚɦɨɬ ɪɚɜɥɟɧɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɡɚɝɨɜɨɪɚɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɥɫɹɜɒɭɲɭɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɬɟɥɨ ɲɚɯɚ ɜ Ɍɟɝɟɪɚɧ ȼ ɝ Ƚɚɧɞɡɚɫɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚɬ ɜɨ ɝɥɚɜɟɫɋɚɪɝɢɫɨɦ ɋɟɪɝɢɟɦ ɏɚɫɚɧ-ȾɠɚɥɚɥɨɦɩɟɪɟɛɪɚɥɫɹɜɌɢɮɥɢɫȽɪɭ ɡɢɧɫɤɢɣɰɚɪɶɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɥɟɝɨɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɟɦȺɯɩɚɬɫɤɨɝɨɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹɢɩɚɫɬɵ ɪɟɦɝɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɢɯɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜɩɨɫɟɥɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɡɞɟɫɶȼɤɨɧɰɟ ɝɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɣɫɤɚɫɧɨɜɚɜɫɬɭɩɢɥɢɜȽɪɭɡɢɸɢɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɧɢɟɘɠɧɨɝɨɄɚɜɤɚɡɚɊɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɛɵɥɨɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨɜɯɨɞɟɜɨɣɧɊɨɫɫɢɢɫɉɟɪɫɢɟɣɢɌɭɪɰɢɟɣɌɟɦɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɟɦ ɦɟɥɢɤ Ƚɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɚ Ⱥɛɨɜ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɥɚɫɢɣ ɫ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɢɦ ɰɚɪɟɦ ɜɟɪ ɧɭɥɫɹɢɡȻɨɥɧɢɫɢɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɨɫɜɨɢɦɢɩɨɞɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɢɩɪɢɦɢɪɢɥɫɹ 132 ɫɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɨɦȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ, ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɥ©Ɇɚɧɢɮɟɫɬɤɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɪɨɞɭªɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹɝɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɜɄɚɪɬɥɢ-Ʉɚɯɟɬɢɧɫɤɨɟɰɚɪɫɬɜɨ, ɜɤɥɸɱɢɜ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɭɸ Ƚɪɭɡɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ȼ ɝ ɝɟɧ-ɥɟɣɬɟɧɚɧɬ ɉɐɢɰɢɚɧɨɜ ɛɵɥɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɝɥɚɜɧɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦȽɪɭɡɢɢȼɝ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɚɪɦɢɹɩɟɪɟɲɥɚɜɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɟɯɚɧɫɬɜɚɢɜɝ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɤ ɝȽɹɧɞɠɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ©ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɤ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɹɦ ɂɪɚɧɚªɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝ ɜɨɣɫɤɚɐɢɰɢɚɧɨɜɚɲɬɭɪɦɨɦɜɡɹɥɢɝɨɪɨɞ ȼɛɨɸ ɩɨɝɢɛɥɢȾɠɚɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧɢɟɝɨɫɵɧɛɨɥɟɟɠɢɬɟɥɟɣɩɟɪɟɛɢɬɵɜȾɠɭɦɚɦɟ ɱɟɬɢ ɦɟɱɟɬɢ ɲɚɯɚ Ⱥɛɛɚɫɚ Ƚɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ȽɹɧɞɠɚɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɚɜȿɥɢɡɚɜɟɬɩɨɥɶɉɨɡɞɧɟɟȾɠɚɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧɛɵɥɩɨɯɨɪɨ ɧɟɧ ɜɨ ɞɜɨɪɟ Ⱦɠɭɦɚ-ɦɟɱɟɬɢ ɝɞɟ ɧɟɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɯɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ (14, 116-154). ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɛɵɥɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɬɶɄɸɪɟɤɱɚɣɫɤɢɣɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɦɚɹɝɐɚɪɢɡɦɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɥȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɟɯɚɧɫɬɜɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɝɨɫɭ ɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɚɢɟɝɨɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤɨɜ– ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɥɚɞɟ ɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɭ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧ ɱɢɧ ɝɟɧ-ɥɟɣɬɟɧɚɧɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɵɧɨɜɶɹɦ Ɇɚɦɟɞ-ɏɚɫɚɧ-ɚɝɟ ɢ Ɇɟɯɬɢ-Ʉɭɥɢ-ɚɝɟ – ɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɧ-ɦɚɣɨɪɚ ɫ ɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɨɱɢɧɭɏɚɧɥɚɪ-ɚɝɟ– ɩɨɥɤɨɜɧɢɤɚɜɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɚɪɦɢɢ , Ɍ,, 702-705, 713; ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɜɝɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ-ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧ ɛɵɥɭɛɢɬɩɨɞɩɨɥɤɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ 17-ɝɨȿɝɟɪɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɥɤɚɅɢɫɚɧɟɜɢɱɟɦɢ ɦɚɣɨɪɨɦ Ⱦɠɨɪɚɟɜɵɦ ɌII, 713, Ɍ,,, ɫɬ ȿɝɨ ɫɵɧ Ɇɟɯɞɢɤɭɥɢ-ɯɚɧȾɠɟ ɜɚɧɲɢɪ (1763–1845)2ɛɭɞɭɱɢɜɡɜɚɧɢɢɝɟɧ-ɦɚɣɨɪ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɚɪɦɢɢɜɫɟɧ ɬɹɛɪɟ ɝ ɛɵɥ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɦ , ɯɚɧɨɦ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ – Ɍ,,,ɫɬ ȾɨɝȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɟ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɥɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɝɚɥ ɋɢɫɢɚɧ Ⱦɚɦɢɪɱɢɝɚɫɚɧɥɢ Ʉɸɩɚɪɚ Ȼɚɪɝɸɲɚɞ Ȼɚɝɚɛɸɪɞ Ʉɚɛɢɪɥɢ Ɍɚɬɢɜ Ⱦɠɚɜɚɧɲɢɪ Ɍɚɥɵɲ ɏɚɱɢɧ Ʉɨɥɚɧɵɥɚɪ ɑɢɥɚɛɟɪɞ ɏɵɪɞɚ-ɩɚɪɚ Ⱦɢɡɚɝ ɉɸɫɢɚɧ Ⱦɢɡɚɝ Ⱦɠɚɜɚɧɲɢɪ Ɉɬɭɡɢɤɢ ɂɣɢɪɦɢɞɨɪɞ Ƚɚɪɚɱɨɪɥɭ ȼɚɪɚɧɞɚ Ⱦɢɡɚɝ Ⱥɞɠɧɚɧ-Ɍɸɪɤ , 44). ȼɝɋɚɪɝɢɫ ɋɟɪɝɢɣ ɏɚɫɚɧ-ȾɠɚɥɚɥɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɛɟɠɟɧɰɚɦɢɢɡȽɚ ɪɚɛɚɯɚɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɥɫɹɢɡȺɯɩɚɬɫɤɨɝɨɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹ ɢɡȽɪɭɡɢɢ ɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɇɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ-ɬɢɥɟɬɨɧɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɥɜȽɪɭɡɢɢɫɜɨɟɣɩɚɫɬɜɨɣɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɪ ɯɢɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɚɫɪɚɡɭɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɨɧɜɧɨɜɶɫɬɚɥɧɚɡɵ ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɨɦ Ⱥɝɜɚɧɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɧɭɜ ɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ- ɯɚɧɚɆɟɯɬɢ-ɯɚɧɚɤɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ȼɡɹɬɢɟȽɹɧɞɠɢɰɚɪɢɡɦɨɦɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɨɩɨɜɨɞɨɦɤɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɟ –1813)ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɚɥɨɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɟȽɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɫɤɨ ɝɨɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɚ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹɝɁɚɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɂɪɟɜɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɇɚɯɱɵɜɚɧ 2 Ɇɟɯɞɢɤɭɥɢ-ɯɚɧ – ɫɵɧ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦ ɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɚ ɢ ɏɭɪɲɢɞ-ɛɟɝɸɦ ɞɨɱɶ ɒɚɯ-ȼɟɪɞɢ-ɯɚɧɚ Ƚɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɟɫɬɪɚ Ⱦɠɚɜɚɞ-ɯɚɧɚ ɞɨɱɶɆɟɯɞɢɤɭɥɢ-ɯɚɧ– ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɷɬɟɫɫɚɏɭɪɲɢɞɛɚɧɭɇɚɬɚɜɚɧ (Ɋɨɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɚɹɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɧɚɢɟɝɨɞɟɬɟɣ ȺɄȺɄ ɬ,,ɫɬ.1415). 133 ɫɤɨɝɨɯɚɧɫɬɜɊɨɫɫɢɹɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɡɚɯɜɚɬɢɥɚȽɚɪɚɛɚɝɫɤɨɟȽɹɧɞɠɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɒɟɤɢɧɫɤɨɟɒɢɪɜɚɧɫɤɨɟȾɟɪɛɟɧɞɫɤɨɟɄɭɛɢɧɫɤɨɟȻɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɟɱɚɫɬɶɌɚ ɥɵɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ Ⱦɚɝɟɫɬɚɧ Ʉɚɪɬɥɢ Ʉɚɯɟɬɢɸ ɂɦɟɪɟɬɢɸ Ƚɭɪɢɸ Ɇɢɧɝɪɟɥɢɸ Ⱥɛɯɚɡɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɜɨɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɮɥɨɬ ɧɚ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ - ɑɢɫɥɨ ɦɚɝɚɥɨɜ ɜ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯ ɫɤɨɦ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɨɫɶ ɞɨ -ɬɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ3 ȼ ɝ ɟɩɢɫɤɨɩ Ȼɚɝɞɚɫɚɪ ɏɚɫɚɧ- Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥɩɪɢɧɹɥɧɚɫɟɛɹɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɋɚɪ ɝɢɫ ɋɟɪɝɢɣ ɛɵɥɜɩɪɟɤɥɨɧɧɨɦɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟɆɟɯɞɢɤɭɥɢ-ɯɚɧɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɢɜɰɚ ɪɢɡɦɭ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɚɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɏɚɥɢɥ-ɯɚɧɚ, ɜɧɨɹɛɪɟɝ ɛɟɠɚɥ ɜɉɟɪɫɢɸ ɏɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɩɪɚɡɞɧɟɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɸ ɜɨ ɲɟɞɲɭɸɜɦɟɫɬɟɫ ɒɢɪɜɚɧɫɤɨɣ, ɒɟɤɢɧɫɤɨɣɢɌɚɥɵɲɫɤɨɣɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɹɦɢɜ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɤɪɭɝ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ȼɨɟɧɧɨ-ɨɤɪɭɠɧɵɦɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɦɫ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɰɢɟɣɜ ɒɭɲɟ ). ȼ ɝ Ⱥɛɛɚɫ-Ɇɢɪɡɚ ɫ -ɬɵɫɜɨɣɫɤɨɦɜɬɨɪɝɫɹɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɩɚɫɬɢɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɋɚɪɝɢɫ ɋɟɪɝɢɟɦ ɏɚɫɚɧ-Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɦɟɥɢ ɤɚɦɢȾɠɪɚɛɟɪɞɚɢȽɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɚɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɹɜɟɝɨɫɬɚɜɤɭɜɫɏɚɧɤɟɧɞɢȺɛɛɚɫ- Ɇɢɪɡɚ ɩɨɠɚɥɨɜɚɥ ɢɦ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɟ ©ɯɚɥɚɬɵª ɨɛɟɳɚɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɯɪɢ ɫɬɢɚɧɚɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɫɚɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɭɬ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶɪɭɫ ɫɤɢɦ Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ – ɹɜɢɥɫɹ Ɍɭɪɤɦɚɧ ɱɚɣɫɤɢɣɦɢɪɧɵɣɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹɝɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɜɲɢɣɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ Ƚɸɥɢɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɚɝɨɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɧɢɢɰɚɪɢɡɦɨɦɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣɧɚɫɢɥɶ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɢɦɩɟɪɢɢɤɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɛɵɥɢɞɨɛɚɜ ɥɟɧɵɂɪɟɜɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɢɇɚɯɱɵɜɚɧɫɤɨɟɯɚɧɫɬɜɚɈɞɧɢɦɢɡɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɌɭɪɤɦɚɧɱɚɣ ɫɤɨɝɨɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɛɵɥɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɨɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɢɢɢɡɉɟɪɫɢɢɚɪɦɹɧɧɚɬɟɪɪɢ ɬɨɪɢɢɷɬɢɯɯɚɧɫɬɜɢɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯ 125-130). ȼ ɝ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫ ɋɚɪɝɢɫ ɋɟɪɝɢɟɦ ɏɚɫɚɧ- Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥ ɭɦɟɪ ɢ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɟɧ ɜ ɮɚɦɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɤɥɟɩɟ ɜ Ƚɚɧɞɡɚɫɚɪɫɤɨɦ ɦɨ- ɧɚɫɬɵɪɟ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɚ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɰɚɪɢɡɦɚɫɬɚɥɨɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɢɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟɡɞɟɫɶɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ ɢ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɉɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɋɜɋɢɧɨɞɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɰɚɪɢɡɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɫɬɚɜɤɭɧɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɢ Ⱥɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɣ ɗɱɦɢɚɞɡɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɍɤɚɡ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɹ , ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ- ɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɋɟɧɚɬɭ ɦɚɪɬɚ ɝ ɫ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɭɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɥɚɦɢ Ⱥɪɦɹɧɨ-Ƚɪɟɝɨɪɢɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ4 ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ -ɦɭ Ⱦɟɩɚɪ- ɬɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɭɩɪɚɡɞɧɹɥȺɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣȽɚɧɞɡɚɫɚɪɫɤɢɣɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚɬɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɟɩɚɪ ɯɢɢɛɵɥɢɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɵɗɱɦɢɚɞɡɢɧɭ(24, ;,ʋ ɝɥ ȼ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɚɹ ɟɩɚɪɯɢɹ ɗɱɦɢɚɞɡɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɭɸ ɜ – ɝɝ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɥ ɦɢɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɬ Ȼɚɝɞɚɫɚɪ ɏɚɫɚɧ-Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥɜɡɜɚ 3 Ɋɚɩɨɪɬ ɞɫɫ Ɇɨɝɢɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɤ ȿɪɦɨɥɨɜɚ -ɝɨ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɭ ȿɪɦɨɥɨɜɭ ɦɚɹ ɝ ʋ ȺɄȺɄ7,9ɑɞɨɤɫ-859. 4 ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɩɪɟɚɦɛɭɥɵɝɥɚɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɨɜ 134 ɧɢɢɟɩɚɪɯɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚȾɪɭɝɨɣɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶȽɚɫɚɧ-Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɋɚɪɤɢɫ Ⱦɠɚɥɚɥɹɧɰ ɜ ɫɚɧɟ ɚɪɯɢɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɚ – ɛɵɥ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɟɩɚɪɯɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɣ ɟɩɚɪɯɢɢ – Ɉɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɱɥɟɧɨɦɗɱɦɢɚɞɡɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɋɢɧɨɞɚ –1864; 1869– ɢɩɪɟɞɫɟ ɞɚɬɟɥɟɦɄɨɧɫɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɄɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɣɟɩɚɪɯɢɢ –1868; 1874–1879). ɇɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ;,; ɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɷɬɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɥ ɛɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɞɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɯɪɚɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɚ- ɱɢɜɚɥɚɫɶɜɧɨɜɵɯɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɢɯɢɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɵɯɰɟɪɤɜɚɯɑɚɫɬɶ ɚɥɛɚɧ-ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧ ɭɞɢɧɫɬɚɥɚɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɢɫɥɚɦɱɚɫɬɶɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɥɚɫɶɧɚɥɟ ɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟɄɭɪɵɢɜȽɪɭɡɢɸɝɞɟɩɪɢɧɹɥɚɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɟɈɫɬɚɜɲɢɟɫɹɜȽɚ ɪɚɛɚɯɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɝɪɢɝɨɪɢɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɚɪɦɹɧɚ ɦɢɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɨɦɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹɦɨɠ ɧɨɧɚɡɜɚɬɶɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɚɆɚɤɚɪɚȻɚɪɯɭɞɚɪɹɧɰɚɪɨɞɨɦɢɡȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ;,;ɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɜɜɫɟɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟɄɭɪɵɧɚɩɢɫɚɥɬɪɭɞɵ– ©Ⱥɝ ɜɚɧɢɹª©Ⱥɝɜɚɧɢɹɢɟɟɫɨɫɟɞɢª ©Ⱥɪɰɚɯª ©ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɨɬȺɝɜɚ ɧɚª ɬ Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɥɨɠɧɵɟɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ;9,,–;,;ɜɜɜ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɘɠɧɨɝɨɄɚɜɤɚɡɚɩɪɢɜɟɥɢɤɜɟɫɶɦɚɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɤɨɧ ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟȺɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɨɫɚɬɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɫɬɜɨɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɞɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɮɟɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɵɟɪɚɫɩɪɢɢɛɨɪɶɛɭɜȽɚɪɚɛɚɯɟɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɪɚɫɤɨɥɨɬɵɣɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɣɷɦɢɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜȽɪɭɡɢɸɧɚɥɟɬɜɡɚɬɟɦɜɧɨɜɶɜɟɪɧɭɜ ɲɢɣɫɹ Ƚɚɪɚɛɚɯ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɬɶɧɨɜɵɦɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɦ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ;,;ɜɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɜɨɸɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ 1. $]ԥUED\FDQ0LOOL(QVLNORSHGL\DVÕ$]ԥUED\FDQPԥTDOԥVL%DNÕɫ 2. 4DUDED÷QDPԥlԥr. I kLWDE%DNÕ 135 ɤɭ Ɍɚɯɫɢɥɫ 12. ȽɟɸɲɟɜɊȻɏɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɨɜɄɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣȺɥɛɚɧɢɢȻɚɤɭ ɗɥɦ ɫ 13. ȾɠɚɜɚɧɲɢɪɆȾɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɄɚɪɚɛɚɯɚȻɚɤɭ ȺɇȺɡɟɪɛɋɋɊ 14. Ⱦɭɛɪɨɜɢɧ ɇ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɵɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɧɚ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɟ ɋɉɛ 1886, ɬ,9 ɝɥ9,,,–IX. 15. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚȻɚɤɭ ɗɥɦ ɫ-54, 125, 136-137. 16. Ʉɚɥɚɧɤɚɬɭɣɫɤɢɣ Ɇ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɚɝɜɚɧ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ; ɜɟɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫ ɚɪɦɹɧ Ʉɉɚɬɤɚɧɨɜɚɋɉɛ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɂɦɩɟɪȺɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɧɚɭɤɫ 17. ɆɚɦɟɞɨɜɚȽɅɈɩɨɯɨɞɁɭɛɨɜɚɜȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɜ ɝȻɚɤɭ ɗɥɦɫ 18. ɆɚɦɟɞɨɜɚɎɄɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɚɹȺɥɛɚɧɢɹɢɚɥɛɚɧɵȻɚɤɭ ɫ 19. ɆɢɥɶɦɚɧȺɒɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɬɪɨɣȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚɜ;,;–ɧɚɱɚɥɟ;;ɜɟɤɨɜ ɚɞɦɢ ɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɢ ɫɭɞ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɭ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɟɝɨɫɢɡɞ-ɜɨ 20. Ɇɭɫɬɚɮɚɡɚɞɟ ɌɌ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɜ , ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ;9,,, ɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɚ ȺɇɗȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɉɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɪɟɞɫɨɜɟɬɚɂɥɶɯɚɦȽɟɣɞɚɪɨɝɥɵȺɥɢɟɜȻɚɤɭ ɇɚ ɭɱɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪ©Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɚɹɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹªɫ-269. 21. ɇɢɤɨɧɨɪɨɜ ɂȺ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɥɛɚɧɢɢ Ȼɚɤɭ ɇɭɪɥɚɧ 2005, 204 ɫ 22. ɉɋɁɊɂ. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫ ɝɌ;;;,,–ʋɋɉɛ Ɍɢɩɨɝɪ,, ɈɬɞɋɨɛȿɂȼɄɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɢɢ, 1ɫ-645. 23. ɉɋɁɊɂ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ Ɍ,,, ʋ ɋɉɛ Ɍɢɩɨɝɪ ,, Ɉɬɞ ɋɨɛ ȿɂȼ Ʉɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɢɢ, 1ɫ-130. 24. ɉɋɁɊɂ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ Ɍ;, Ɉɬ , Ɉɬ ʋ – ɋɉɛ Ɍɢɩɨɝɪ ,, ɈɬɞɋɨɛȿɂȼɄɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɢɢʋ ɝɥ-10, §1-ɫ -209. 25. ɊɚɮɮɢɆɟɥɢɤɫɬɜɚɏɚɦɫɵ[email protected] Ɋɚɮɮɢɋɨɛɪɚ ɧɢɟɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣɜ-ɬɢɬɨɦɚɯɬ,;ȿɪɟɜɚɧ ɋɨɜɟɬɚɤɚɧɝɪɨɯ 26. ɊɚɯɦɚɧɢȺȺȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɜɤɨɧɰɟ;9,ɢɜ;9,,ɜɟɤɟ –ɝɨɞɵ Ȼɚɤɭ ɗɥɦ ɫ 27. Mamedova F. Au sujet des dirigeants Albaniens du IXe au XVesiecle (dynastiedes Djalalides) / TURCICA. Revued’ etudesturques. Tome XXI-XXIII. 1991. Melange- sofferts A Irene Melukoff, par sescollegues, disciples etamis, p.307-310. 28. Marcigliano A., Messa A., Visintainer E., Zammatteo P. La Chiesa Apostolica Albana. Le radici di un simbolo dell’ Azerbaigian. Stampa: Publistampa Arti Grafiche – Pergi- neValsugana. 2014, 126 s. &Ԥ18%ø4$)4$=,1&Ԥ18%–ùԤ54+ø66Ԥ6ø1'Ԥ;9,,–;,;Ԥ65/Ԥ5ø1 *(26ø<$6Ԥ7ø1ø1%Ԥ=ø.21)(66ø21$/'Ԥ<øùøK/ø./Ԥ5Ԥ7Ԥ6ø5ø hù+$&,<(9$ ;h/$6Ԥ 7ԥTGLPROXQDQPԥTDOԥGԥXVII–;,;ԥVUOԥUGԥWDUL[LùLPDOL$]ԥUED\FDQÕQ\ԥQL&ԥnubi 4DITD]ÕQFԥQXE-úԥUTKLVVԥVLQLQԥUD]LVLQGԥEDúYHUԥQVL\DVLKDGLVԥOԥULQIRQXQGD$OEDQ$SRVWRO NLOVԥVLQLQWDUL[LQLQEԥ]LDVSHNWOԥULDUDúGÕUÕOÕU6ԥIԥYLOԥUG|YOԥWLQLQGD÷ÕOPDVÕQGDQVRQUDE|OJԥGԥ K|NPVUԥQVL\DVLKDNLPL\\ԥWԥJ|Uԥ\DUDQDQ[DQOÕTODUDUDVÕQGDIHRGDOPQDTLúԥOԥULúԥUDLWLQGԥ $OEDQ NDWROLNRVOX÷X GD[LOL oԥNLúPԥOԥUԥ Yԥ E|OQPԥ\ԥ PԥUX] TDOGÕ 1ԥWLFԥGԥ ;,; ԥVULQ ԥYYԥOOԥULQGԥRQXQ]ԥLIOԥPԥVLQԥJHRVL\DVLGԥ\LúLNOLNOԥUԥYԥPVWԥTLOOL\LQLQLWLULOPԥVLQԥJԥWLULE oÕ[DUGÕ $oDUV|]OԥU JHRVL\DVԥWNatolLNRVOXTGLQPVWԥTLOOLN$OEDQ$SRVWRONLOVԥVL 136 INFLUENCE OF GEOPOLITICS OF THE XVII–XIX CENTURIES ON SOME CONFESSIONAL CHANGES IN THE SOUTH–EAST OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS U.Sh.HACIYEVA SUMMARY The present article explores some aspects of the history of the Albanian Apostolic ɫKXUFK of the 17th-19th centuries against the backdrop of political events taking place on the territory of historical Northern Azerbaijan, those South-Eastern part of the South Caucasus. After the collapse of the Safavid state, under conditions of feudal strife between the emergent khanates for the prevailing political dominance in the region, the Albanian Catholicosate also suffered internal strife and division. In the end, this is the beginning of the XIX century led to its weakening, inability to withstand geopolitical changes and the loss of independence, autocephalousness. Key worlds: JHRSROLWLFVɫDWKROLFRVDWHUHOLJLRQDXWRFHSKDORXV, Albanian Apostolic chuch 137 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 UOT 902 ɎȺɄɌɈɊȿɋɌȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɈ-ȽȿɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂȿɍɋɅɈȼɂə ɋɊȿȾɕɈȻɂɌȺɇɂəɇȺɋȿɅȿɇɂəȻȺɋɋȿɃɇȺ ɋɊȿȾɇȿȽɈɌȿɑȿɇɂəɊȿɄɂɄɍɊɕȼɗɉɈɏɍȻɊɈɇɁɕ ɗɬɧɨ-ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɦ Ƚɹɧɞɠɚ-Ƚɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɒɇɇȺȾɀȺɎɈȼ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬȺɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɗɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɇȺɇȺ [email protected] Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɯ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɵȽɹɧɞɠɚ-Ƚɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɭɪɵ Ȼɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ ɤɥɢ ɦɚɬȽɹɧɞɠɚ-Ƚɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɣɡɨɧɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟɪɟɫɭɪɫɵɢɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɭɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɦɟɫɬɧɵɯɩɥɟɦɟɧɢɤɨɥ ɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɵ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɩɨɯɭ ɛɪɨɧɡɵ-ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɛɵɥ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɚɪɟɚɥɚɄɭɪɚ- Ⱥɪɚɤɫɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-Ʉɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɨɣ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɮɚɤɬɨɪɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣɫɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɷɬɨɣɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ ɧɢɹɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɱɬɨɩɨɦɢɦɨɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɜɚɠɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɜ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɢɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɢɝɪɚɥɢɬɚɤɠɟɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ Ƚɹɧɞɠɚ-ȽɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɪɟɝɢɨɧɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɬɟɱɟɧɢɹɪɟɤɢɄɭ ɪɚɷɩɨɯɚɛɪɨɧɡɵɫɪɟɞɚɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɯ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɵȽɹɧɞɠɚ-Ƚɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɱɬɨɜɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɢ ɨɞɜɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɦɟɫɬɧɵɯɩɥɟɦɟɧɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɱɟɫɤɨɟɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɢɝɪɚɥɨ ɪɟ ɲɚɸɳɭɸɪɨɥɶȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦɛɨɥɟɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɨɪɭɞɢɣɢɦɨɬɵɠɧɨɝɨɫɟɜɚɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɵɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɛɪɨɧɡɵɢɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɛɪɨɧɡɵ- ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɠɟɥɟɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɥɢɫɶɩɨɫɟɜɧɵɟɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɇɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɨɤɪɭɝɤɪɭɩɧɵɯɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣɩɨɫɟɜɧɵɟɭɱɚɫɬɤɢɢ ɰɟɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɛɨɝɚɬɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɯɡɨɧȽɚɡɚɯ ɫɤɨɣɪɚɜɧɢɧɵɛɵɥɢɜɬɚɤɨɦɠɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɱɬɨɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɢ 138 ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɩɨɫɟɜɧɵɯɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɛɵɥɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɗɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɱɟɧɶɹɪɤɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɜɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɟɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɟɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣɬɨɣɷɩɨɯɢɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɟɳɟɫɷɧɟɨɥɢ ɬɚɜɤɨɧɰɟɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɜɤɪɭɩɧɵɟɩɭɧɤɬɵɫɜɵɫɨ ɤɨɣɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɛɪɨɧɡɵ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɭɞɢɣ ɫɵɝɪɚɥɨ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɨɛɢɬɚ- ɬɟɥɟɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɧɨɜɵɯɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ȼɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɄɭɪɵɜɷɩɨɯɭɛɪɨɧɡɵɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨ-ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɧɨ ɜɵɦɢɢɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɜɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɱɢ ɧɚɹɫɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ,9ɬɵɫɞɨɧɷɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɶɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɧɨɜɨɟɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɫɤɨɬɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɢɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟɜɰɟɥɨɦɷɤɨ ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɫɨɡɞɚɥɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɞɥɹɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɫɟ ɥɟɧɢɹɜɵɡɜɚɥɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɨɜɵɯɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɞɥɹɡɟɦɥɟɞɟ ɥɢɹ - Ɂɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɧɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɢɛɵɥɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɨɜɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɡɟɦɥɟ ɞɟɥɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɟɝɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɯɚɥɤɨɥɢɬɚ ɇɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɱɬɨɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɛɵɥɢɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɨɛ ɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵɧɚɞɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɦɢɯɚɥɤɨɥɢɬɚ Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨ- ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜ Ƚɹɧɞɠɚ-Ƚɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɢɬɨ ɱɬɨɷɬɨɬɪɟɝɢɨɧɜɤɨɧɰɟ,9– ɧɚɱɚɥɟ,ɬɵɫɞɨɧɷɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɫɚɦɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɚ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜȽɚɡɚɯɚɢɆɢɧɝɟɱɟɜɢɪɚɉɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɟɚɪɟɚɥɚɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣɞɨ ɝɨɪɧɵɯɢɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɧɵɯɡɨɧɛɵɥɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɪɨɫɬɨɦɌɚɤɱɬɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɢɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɜɵɧɭɠɞɚɥɢɥɸɞɟɣɤɩɨɢɫɤɚɦɧɨ ɜɵɯɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɢɨɬɱɚɫɬɢɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɯɞɥɹɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɤɨɬɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨ- ɜɟɧɢɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɢɢɪɟɦɟɫɥɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɜɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟFɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɄɭ ɪɵɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɷɩɨɯɢɛɪɨɧɡɵɫɨɡɞɚɥɨɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɨɞɨɩɥɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɚ ɷɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟ ɪɟɞɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɹɫɶɩɪɟ ɜɪɚɳɚɥɢɫɶɜɨɞɧɨɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟɤɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɭɩɥɟɦɟɧɢ - Ⱦɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɨɫɬɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɥɤɪɭɝɨɯɜɚɬɚɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɋɥɟɞɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɦɢ ɠɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ʉɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɛɪɨɧɡɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ Ʉɭɪɚ- Ⱥɪɚɤɫɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-Ƚɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ - ɇɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɯɢ ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɵɯɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɯ ɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɜɵɜɨɞɚɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɵɹɜɢɥɫɹɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɵɱɚɢɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɷɩɨɯɢɛɪɨɧɡɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ- 139 ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞ- ɹɳɢɟɜɢɯɠɢɡɧɢɜɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɄɭɪɵɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɛɪɨɧɡɵ-ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ,,ɬɵɫ – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ,ɬɵɫɞɨɧɷ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɩɨɞɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-ȽɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɚɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚȼȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣȽɪɭɡɢɢɢɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɡɟɦɥɹɯɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɣ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-Ƚɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ- ɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-Ƚɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɭɸ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɤɚɤ ɹɪɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɏɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɩɟɪɢɨɞɫ;,9-;,,,ɜɜɞɨɧɷɞɨ9,,,ɜɟɤɚɞɨɧɷɢ ɨɧɚɛɵɥɚɧɚɡɜɚɧɚɬɚɤɢɡ-ɡɚɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯɞɥɹɷɬɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɜɏɨɞɠɚɥɵɜɄɚɪɚɛɚɯɫɤɨɦɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢɜȽɟɞɚɛɟɤɟɜɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɑɚɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-Ƚɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɫɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɞɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦȽɹɧɞɠɚ-Ƚɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɣɝɪɭɩɩɵ - Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟɫɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-Ƚɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜȽɹɧɞɠɚ-Ƚɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɜɰɟɥɨɦɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɛɪɨɧɡɵ-ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɠɟɥɟɡɚɜɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɄɭɪɵ Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢɧɚ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɋɚɪɜɚɧɬɟɩɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɟɥɚɑɚɣɥɵɜɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦɪɟɝɢɨɧɟȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ– Ƚɚɡɚɯɟɞɚɥɢɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-Ƚɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ Ƚɹɧɞɠɚ-Ƚɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦɪɟɝɢɨɧɟȼɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɫɥɨɟɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣɜ-ɦɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɝɨɧɱɚɪɧɚɹɩɟɱɶɨɱɚɠɧɵɟɦɟɫɬɚɯɨɡɹɣɫɬ ɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɭɜɲɢɧɵ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɭɞɢɹ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɟɥ ɢɡ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɵɯɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɣɱɚɫɬɢɤɨɫɬɹɧɵɯɨɪɭɞɢɣɛɭɫɵɢɬɞ Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɢɡɮɭɧɞɚ ɦɟɧɬɨɜɠɢɥɢɳɢɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɤɥɚɞɨɜȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɝɚɥɤɢɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɨɥɨɦɭɉɨ ɥɵ ɠɢɥɢɳ ɡɚɦɚɡɚɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɝɚɠɟ ɉɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɜɋɚɪɜɚɧɬɟɩɟɜɩɥɚɧɟɨɜɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɄɪɨɦɟɷɬɨ ɝɨɧɚɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɢɛɵɥɢɬɚɤɠɟɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵɩɨɥɭɡɟɦɥɹɧɤɢɜɵɪɵɬɵɟɜɦɚ ɬɟɪɢɤɟȼɫɟɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɠɟɝɨɧɱɚɪɧɨɣɩɟɱɢɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɝɨɧɱɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɟɫɥɚɜɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɨɛɢɬɚɸɳɟɝɨɜɷɬɨɬɩɟɪɢɨɞɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɦɵ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɦɵɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɝɥɭɛɢɧɵɢɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɜɵɪɵɬɵɜɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɫɥɨɟɋɬɟɧɤɢ ɹɦɤɪɭɝɥɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɯɨɪɨɲɨɜɵɪɵɬɵɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɩɨɥɨɜɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɛɦɚɡɚɧɵ ɇɚɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɢɛɵɥɢɧɚɣɞɟɧɵɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɛɪɚɡ ɰɵɈɧɢɤɚɤɰɟɥɵɟɬɚɤɢɜɜɢɞɟɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɄɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɰɵɨɛ 140 ɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɢɡɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɬɨɥ ɫɬɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɜɲɢɧɨɜ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɦɢɫɨɤ ɝɨɪɲɤɨɜ ɱɚɲɟɤ ɭɡɤɨɝɨɪɥɵɯɤɭɜɲɢɧɨɜɱɚɲɢɬɞɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɝɥɢɧɹɧɵɦɢɩɪɹɫɥɢɰɚɦɢɜɫɬɪɟ ɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɫɬɹɧɵɟ ɩɪɹɫɥɢɰɚ - ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɛɵɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯɜɛɵɬɭɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɠɢɬɟɥɟɣɋɚɪɜɚɧ ɬɟɩɟɂɯɮɨɪɦɵɞɚɸɬɹɫɧɨɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɛɢɯɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɗɬɢɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɛɵɬɭ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɢɳɢɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɞɨɛɵɜɚɧɢɹɦɚɫɥɚɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɫɨɛɢɪɚɧɢɹɩɲɟɧɢɰɵɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯɡɟɪɧɨɜɵɯɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣɢɬɞ ɋɚɦɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫ- ɥɟɧɧɵɯɝɥɢɧɹɧɵɯɩɢɧɬɚɞɟɪ ɩɟɱɚɬɟɣ Ɉɧɢɪɚɡɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɢɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟ ɧɢɹ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɩɢɧɬɚɞɟɪɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɞɥɹɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣȽɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɛɪɨɧɡɵ- ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɠɟɥɟɡɚȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɫɚɪɜɚɧɬɟɩɢɧɫɤɢɯɩɟɱɚɬɟɣɢɡɫɟɪɨɣɝɥɢɧɵɢ ɨɱɟɧɶɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɛɨɠɠɟɧɵ ɍɡɨɪɵɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɷɬɢɯɩɟɱɚɬɟɣɫɞɟɥɚ ɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɜɵɪɟɡɤɢ ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɟɣ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɜɚɫɬɢɤɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣɪɢɫɭɧɨɤɢɦɟɜɲɢɣɨɱɟɧɶɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣɜɢɞ ȼɋɚɪɜɧɬɟɩɟɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵɬɚɤɠɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɟɨɪɭɞɢɹ Ɉɧɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɢɡɧɢɠɧɢɯɢɜɟɪɯɧɢɯɡɟɪɧɨɬɟɪɨɤ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɥɚɞɶɟɜɢɞɧɨɣɮɨɪ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹ ɦɨɥɨɬɶɛɵɡɟɪɧɚɬɟɪɨɤɩɟɫɬɨɜɢɫɬɭɩɧɟɣɬɨ ɱɢɥɨɤɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɯɫɨɫɭɞɨɜɦɨɥɨɬɢɥɶɧɵɯɨɪɭɞɢɣɈɛɫɢɞɢɚɧɨɜɵɟɪɟɠɭɳɢɟ ɨɪɭɞɢɹɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ - ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɨɱɟɧɶɦɚɥɚɹɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɪɭɞɢɣ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɤɚɦɧɹ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɭ ɛɨɥɶ ɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɢɡɧɢɯɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɵ Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɣ ɛɪɨɧɡɵ-ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ȼɨɨɛɳɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢ- ɬɨɪɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-Ƚɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɛɵɜɲɢɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɦɢ ɠɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɶɰɚɦɢ- ɫɤɨɬɨɜɨɞɚɦɢɫɵɝɪɚɥɢɜɚɠɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɢɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɯɪɟɤɤɚɤȺɤɫɬɚɮɚɱɚɣɢȾɠɨɝɚɡɱɚɣ -89). ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɍɡɟɪɥɢɤɬɟɩɟɢɥɢ©ɋɚɪɵɊɟɦɟªɛɵɥɨɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨɜɨɤɬɹɛ ɪɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɤɦ-ɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ 6&3; ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɟɣɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɵɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɜɨɤɪɭɝ Ɂɟɹɦɱɚɹɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɫɟɥɚȻɚɣɪɚɦɥɵɤɸɝɭ ɨɬ ɫɟɥɚɫɪɟɞɢɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɯɯɨɥɦɨɜɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɧɚɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɤɢ ɥɨɦɟɬɪɚɨɬɪɟɤɢɁɟɹɦɉɥɨɳɚɞɶɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ-ɦɝɟɤɬɚɪɚɦ ɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨɜɵɲɟɦɟɬɪɚɨɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɨɪɹɋɟɪɟɞɢɧɚ ɯɨɥɦɚɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɪɚɜɧɢɧɭ ɝɞɟɦɟɫɬɚɦɢɢɦɟɸɬɫɹɜɵɫɨɬɵɜɜɢɞɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɯɯɨɥɦɢɤɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣɜ-2 ɦɟɬɪɚ Ɉɧɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɦɢɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɨɧɯɨɥɦɚɛɵɥɩɪɨɦɵɬɶɞɨɠɞɹɦɢɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɱɟɝɨɨɛɧɚɠɢɥɢɫɶɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɢɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɛɵɥɢɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ 141 ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɪɹɫɥɢɰɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɦɟɬɚɥɚ ɢ ɤɚɦɟɧ ɧɵɟɨɪɭɞɢɹȻɵɥɢɞɨɛɵɬɵɬɚɤɠɟɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵɝɥɢɧɹɧɵɯɤɭɜɲɢɧɨɜɤɨɬɥɨɜ ɝɨɪɲɤɨɜɫɟɪɨɝɨɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨɛɭɪɨɝɨɰɜɟɬɚɉɨɩɚɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɱɟɪɟɩɤɢɱɟɪɧɨɥɨɳɟɧɵɯɫɨɫɭɞɨɜȺɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɢɩɨɥɭ ɱɟɧɧɵɟɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɵɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɟɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜɛɵɥɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɷɬɨɬɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɹɜɥɹ ɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɛɨɝɚɬɵɦɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɫɥɨɟɦ,,-,ɬɵɫɞɨɧɷ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ əɫɬɵɬɟɩɟ ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɣ ɛɪɨɧɡɵ- ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɤɨɧɟɰ ,, –ɧɚɱɚɥɨ , ɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɹ ɞɨɧɷ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɫɟɥɚȾɚɝɄɟɫɟɦɟɧȺɤɫɬɚɮɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɉɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟəɫɬɵɬɟ ɩɟɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɨɜɡɚɩɚɞɧɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɈɧɨɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɧɟɜɵɫɨ ɤɨɝɨɯɨɥɦɚɨɤɪɭɝɥɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɢɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɨɤɨɥɨ-ɝɚȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɯɨɥɦɚɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɦɇɚɫɚɦɨɦɠɟɞɟɥɟɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɛɵɥɚɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɨɛɨɥɶɲɟɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɈɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶɧɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɢɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸɨɬɩɨɠɢɥɵɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɧɚɫɟɥɟ ɧɢɹɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɣɬɢɤɜɵɜɨɞɭɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɛɵɥɚɝɞɟ-ɬɨ 2,5-ɝɚɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɡɚɩɭɫɬɟɧɢɹɫɤɥɨɧɵɯɨɥɦɚɝɞɟɪɚɫɩɨ ɥɨɠɟɧɨɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɛɵɥɢɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɫɪɟɡɚɧɵɢɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɵɭɱɚ ɫɬɤɢɞɥɹɩɨɫɟɜɚɗɬɨɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɯɨɞɤɢɚɪɯɟɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɜɛɥɢɡɢɯɨɥɦɚɝɞɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤɛɵɥɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɟɧɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɞɢɧɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɫɥɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɣɫɹɤɩɟɪɢɨɞɭɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɛɪɨɧɡɵ-ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɠɟɥɟɡɚɌɨɥɳɢɧɚɟɝɨɞɨɫ ɬɢɝɚɥɚɚɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚɯɦɌɚɤɚɹɬɨɥɳɢɧɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɹ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɋɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɜ ɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɢ ɭɫ ɥɨɜɢɹɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɝɚɬɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɬɨɥɳɢɧɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɹɢ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɢɬɞ Ɋɚɫɤɨɩɤɚɦɢɛɵɥɢɜɫɤɪɵɬɵɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɯɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɪɨɟ ɧɢɣɫɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢɨɱɚɠɧɵɦɢɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢɢɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɯɨɡɹɣɫɬ ɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɦɵ ɞɨɛɵɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɢɛɵɬɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɞɪɟɜɧɢɯɩɨɫɟɥɟɧ ɰɟɜɯɨɥɦɚ ȼ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɱ ɧɵɟɛɭɥɵɠɧɢɤɢɢɝɥɢɧɚɈɫɨɛɵɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɨɱɚɠɧɵɟɫɨɨɪɭ ɠɟɧɢɹɜɨɡɞɜɢɝɧɭɬɵɟɢɡɝɥɢɧɵɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣɫɪɭɛɥɟɧɨɣɫɨɥɨɦɨɣɈɧɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ Ⱦɭɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɫɨ ɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɦɢɦɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɢɦɟɥɢɢɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɵɣɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɋɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɩɨɜɫɟɣɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɛɵɥɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɝɥɢɧɨɛɢɬɧɚɹɫɬɟɧɚ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɚɹɨɪɧɚɦɟɧɬɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɡɦɟɚɧɞɪɚɢɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢ 142 ɟɦɫɜɚɫɬɢɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶɩɨɡɚɞɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɨɱɚɝɨɜ -137). Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜɠɢɥɵɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɢɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɛɭɥɵɠɧɢɤɢɝɥɢɧɚɢɫɵɪɰɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɢɫɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɶɸɉɨɥɵɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɛɵɥɢɨɛɦɚɡɚɧɵɫɩɟɰɢ ɚɥɶɧɵɦɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦɫɩɪɢɦɟɫɶɸɝɚɠɟ ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɵɢɡɤɢɪɩɢɱɟɣɫɩɪɢɦɟɫɶɸɝɥɢɧɵɢɦɟɥɤɨɝɨɳɟɛɧɹȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɜɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɨɫɬɚɬɨɤɛɵɥɜɨɡɜɟ ɞɟɧɢɡɫɦɟɫɢɳɟɛɧɹɢɝɥɢɧɨɛɢɬɧɚɹ ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɦɵ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ Ɉɧɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɀɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɜɨɢɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɯɨɡɹɣɫɬ ɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɦɚɯ ɚ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɤɭɜɲɢɧɚɯ Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɤɭɜɲɢɧɨɜɱɚɲɟɱɟɦɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɹɦ ɩɪɢɬɨɦɢɜɜɟɪɯɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɹɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɹɦɨɠɟɬɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɫɹɷɬɢɦɇɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɱɧɨɦɭɱɚɫɬɤɟɜɨɛɳɟɣɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɛɵɥɨɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɹɦ -198). Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɝɨɧɱɚɪɧɨɣɩɟɱɢɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɜɠɢɡɧɢɧɚɫɟɥɟ ɧɢɹɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚɷɬɨɣɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɝɨɧɱɚɪɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɲɢɪɨɤɨɪɚɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɨ ȿɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɨɛɨɠɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚɄɚɤɧɚɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣɬɚɤɢɧɚɸɠɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɟɝɨɧɱɚɪɧɨɣɩɟɱɢɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɞɥɹɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɢɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɄɪɨɦɟɷɬɨɝɨɨɬɷɬɢɯɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɤɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɩɟɱɢɛɵɥɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɡɚɛɨɪɧɢɤɢɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɢɡɝɥɢɧɵɜɮɨɪ ɦɟɤɚɤɛɵɬɪɭɛɵɫɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɦɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟȺɜɨɤɪɭɝɩɟɱɢɛɵɥɢɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟ ɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɤɨɥɤɢ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɢ ɝɥɢɧɨɛɢɬɧɚɹ Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɟɟ ɛɵɥ ɯɫɦɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɦȼɩɟɱɢɛɵɥɨɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨɦɧɨɝɨɝɥɢɧɹɧɵɯ ɲɥɚɤɨɜ -201). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɪɨɥɢɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɣɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢɜɠɢɡɧɢɞɪɟɜɧɢɯɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣəɫɬɵɬɟ ɩɟ - Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɭɞɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɰɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢɲɢɪɨɤɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟɩɨɪɨɞɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɛɨɝɚɬɵɨɤ ɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧɢɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɜɛɥɢɡɢɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɛɟɪɟɝɢɪɭɫɥɨɪɟɤɢȺɤ ɫɬɚɮɚɱɚɹɭɫɟɹɧɵɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢɤɪɟɦɧɟɜɵɦɢɜɚɥɭɧɚɦɢȼɨɛɪɵɜɢɫɬɨɣɬɟɪ ɪɚɫɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɜɵɟ ɜɚɥɭɧɵ ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɯɨ ɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɰɟɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɤɪɟɦɟɧɶɢɡȺɤɫɬɚɮɚɱɚɹɇɨ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɷɬɨɜɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɢəɫɬɵɬɟɩɟɨɛɫɢɞɢɚɧɨɜɵɟɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɜɤɨɥɢɱɟ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚɞ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɜɵɦɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɦɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɨɛɫɢɞɢɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ȼɢɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɫɢɞɢɚɧ ɡɚɜɨɡɢɥɫɹɫɸɞɚɢɡɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɯɪɚɣɨɧɨɜȺɪɦɟɧɢɢɢȽɪɭɡɢɢɝɞɟɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨɡɚɥɟɠɢɄɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɦɨɪɭɞɢɹɦɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɜɹ ɡɚɧɧɵɦɫɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɢɦɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɦɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹəɫɬɵɬɟɩɟɨɬ 143 ɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɟɪɧɨɬɟɪɤɢ ɬɟɪɤɢ ɩɟɫɬɵ ɢ ɞɪ Ɂɟɪɧɨɬɟɪɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵɜɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɈɧɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɰɟɥɵɦɢɢɥɢɜɦɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɯɈɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɢɯɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚɜɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɹɦɚɯ Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɟɪɧɨɬɟɪɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɬɭɮɨɜɵɟ ɤɚɦɧɢ ɢ ɬɜɟɪ ɞɵɟɩɟɫɱɚɧɤɢɋɥɟɞɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɱɬɢɧɚɜɫɟɯɡɟɪ ɧɨɬɟɪɤɚɯɁɟɪɧɨɬɟɪɤɢɢɡɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹəɫɬɵɬɟɩɟɩɨɫɜɨɢɦɮɨɪɦɚɦɞɟɥɹɬɫɹɧɚ ɬɪɢɬɢɩɚ ɨɜɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɢ ɥɚɞɶɟɜɢɞɧɵɟɑɬɨɠɟɤɚɫɚ ɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ –ɥɚɞɶɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɡɟɪɧɨɬɟɪɨɤ ɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɪɧɨɬɟɪɨɤ əɫɬɵɬɟɩɟ ɂɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵɢɡɫɟɪɨɜɚɬɵɯɢɤɪɚɫɧɨɜɚɬɵɯɬɭɮɨɜ Ɂɟɪɧɨɬɟɪɤɢɢɬɟɪɤɢɜɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɢɡɞɪɟɜɧɢɯɩɚ ɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɚ Ʉ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɦ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɪɭɞɢɹɦ əɫɬɵɬɟɩɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪ ɤɚ ɦɟɧɧɨɣɦɨɬɵɝɢɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɣɜɝɧɚɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɪɨɜɧɨɦɭɱɚɫɬɤɟɡɟɦɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɟɦɤɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɭɯɨɥɦɭȾɥɹɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɣɦɨɬɵɝɢ ɛɵɥɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɩɥɨɫɤɢɣɪɟɱɧɨɣɝɨɥɵɲɫɟɪɨɝɨɰɜɟɬɚ ɋɨɫɭɞɵ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɝɨɧɱɚɪɧɨɦ ɤɪɭɝɟ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɥɟɩɧɵɯȼɫɟɨɧɢɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵɢɡɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɬɦɭɱɟɧɧɨɣɝɥɢɧɵɫɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɶɸɩɟɫɤɚȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɫɨɫɭɞɨɜɱɟɪɧɨɝɨɰɜɟɬɚɢɜɧɟɲɧɹɹɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɧɨɫɬɶɢɯɯɨɪɨɲɨɡɚɝɥɚɠɟɧɚɉɨɮɨɪɦɟɷɬɨɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟɨɞɧɨɪɭɱɧɵɟɢɥɢɠɟ ɤɭɜɲɢɧɵɛɟɡɪɭɱɟɤɦɢɫɤɢɱɚɲɢɫɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɪɟɛɪɚɦɢɢɞɪɇɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɨɞ ɧɚɤɨɦɨɠɧɨɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɫɨɫɭɞɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɝɨɧɱɚɪɧɨɦɤɪɭɝɟɗɬɨɨɛɴ ɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɝɥɢɧɹɧɨɝɨɬɟɫɬɚɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣɢɡ ɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢɉɨɫɥɟɮɨɪɦɨɜɤɢɫɨɫɭɞɨɜɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɟɝɨɨɛɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɠɢɞɤɢɦɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦɩɨɞɫɥɨɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɢɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶɩɨɝɪɟɛɟɧɧɵɦɢɫɥɟɞɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɛɨɪɨɡɞɨɤ Ʉɟɪɚɦɢɤɚɜɬɨɪɨɣɝɪɭɩɩɵɜɵɥɟɩɥɟɧɚɢɡɝɥɢɧɵɫɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɩɪɢɦɟɫɶɸ ɩɟɫɤɚ Ɉɛɠɢɝɨɱɟɧɶɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣɨɬɱɟɝɨɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɹɬɧɢɫɬɚɹ ɐɜɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɬɵɣ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɪɨɡɨɜɚɬɵɣɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɫɭɞɨɜɪɟɞɤɨɯɨɪɨɲɨɡɚɝɥɚɠɟɧɚɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨɨɧɚɩɪɨɫɬɨɡɚɬɟɪɬɚɈɱɟɧɶɱɚɫɬɨɧɚɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɵɤɨɩɨɬɢɋɨɫɭɞɵɜɬɨɪɨɣɝɪɭɩɩɵɜɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɹɸɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɩɪɨɰɟɧɬȼɷɬɭɝɪɭɩɩɭɜɯɨɞɹɬɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɦɢɫɤɢɤɭɜɲɢɧɵ ɛɚɧɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟɫɨɫɭɞɵɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟɦɚɫɥɨɛɨɣɤɢɢɬɞ ɋɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɹɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯɫɧɟɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɨɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹəɫɬɵ ɬɟɩɟɤɤɨɧɰɭ,,-ɧɚɱɚɥɭ,ɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɹɞɨɧɷɉɪɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɞɚɬɵɩɨɫɟ ɥɟɧɢɹ əɫɬɵɬɟɩɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɧɚɷɬɨɦɯɨɥɦɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɯɡɞɟɫɶɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɞɨ ɜɨɞɵ - ȼɟɫɶɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɞɨɛɵɬɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɟɛɟɛɥɢɡ ɤɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɡ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɏɨɞɠɚɥɵ-Ʉɟɞɚɛɟɤɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɯɜɚɬɵ 144 ɜɚɸɳɟɣɤɨɧɟɰ,,ɢɧɚɱɚɥɨ,ɬɵɫɞɨɧɷ əɫɬɵɬɟɩɟɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɦɢɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨ ɜɚɧɢɟɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶɱɬɨɜɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɱɚɫɬɶɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚɜɟɥɚɨɫɟɞɥɵɣɨɛɪɚɡɠɢɡɧɢ ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɨɫɬɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɞɲɢɣɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɛɪɨɧɡɵɩɪɢɜɟɥɤɢɡ ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ȼ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɶɹɯ ɬɪɭ ɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɟɞɢɧɵɟ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟɨɬɫɸɞɚɨɛɵɱɚɢɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ - ɉɨɫɟɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɦ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɱɟɧɶɜɚɠɧɵɦɢɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢɜɞɟɥɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɫɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ -172; 10, 15-16). ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɜɵɬɟɤɚɥɢɢɡɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɥ ɢɧɨɜɨɝɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɚɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɤɫɨɲɧɨɦɭɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɸɪɚɡɜɢ ɬɢɟɫɤɨɬɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɲɢɪɨɤɨɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɦɟɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɚɥɶ ɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɦɟɠɞɭɠɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɄɭɪɵɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɥɢɢɯɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸɢɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸɧɨɜɵɯɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣɂɦɟɧɧɨɷɬɨɹɜ ɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɦɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɜɫɟɝɨȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚɜɷɩɨɯɭɛɪɨɧɡɵ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ 1. øVPD\ÕO]DGԥ464XUXoD\Yԥ.|QGԥOԥQoD\YDGLVLQGԥ TԥGLPPԥGԥQL\\ԥWL]OԥUL%DNÕ:Elm, 1981, 65 s. 2. øVPD\ÕORY46øONWXQFG|YUQGԥ$]ԥUED\FDQԥUD]LVLQGԥ\DúD\DQWD\IDODUÕQLFWLPDLKԥ\DWÕ YԥGLQLWԥVԥYYUOԥUL7DUL[LFWLPDL\\ԥWFR÷UDIL\DWԥGULVL%DNÕ ʋV -26 3. ɂɫɦɚɢɥɡɚɞɟȽɋȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɪɚɧɧɟɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢɄɚɜ ɤɚɡɚȻɚɤɭɫ 4. ɇɚɪɢɦɚɧɨɜ ɂȽ Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɶɱɟɫɤɨ-ɫɤɨɬɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚȻɚɤɭ F 5. ɇɚɞɠɚɮɨɜɒɇɊɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤɧɚɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɢɋɚɪɜɚɧɬɟɩɟ ɜ- ɝɨɞɚɯɇɨɜɵɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɦɟɬɨɞɵɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ,, ɦɟɠɤɨɧɦɨɥɨɞɵɯɭɱɟɧɵɯ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ -ɦɚɪɬɚɝɂȺɊȺɇɆ., c. 85-87 6. ɇɚɞɠɚɮɨɜɒɇɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜɷɩɨɯɢɛɪɨɧɡɵɧɚɬɟɪ ɪɢɬɨɪɢɢȽɹɧɞɠɚ-ȽɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚȺɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɟɡɢɫɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧ ɦɨɥ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɋɚɧɤɬ- ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ ɊȺɇɂɂɆɄɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ-ɚɩɪɟɥɹɝɂɡɞ-ɜɨɊȺɇF-89 7. 1ԥFԥIRY ù1 *ԥQFԥ-4D]D[ E|OJԥVLQLQ ;RFDOÕ-*ԥGԥEԥ\ PԥGԥQL\\ԥWL DELGԥOԥULQGԥ VRQ WԥGTLTDWODU ³$]ԥUED\FDQ DU[HRORJL\D Yԥ HWQRTUDIL\D HOPOԥUL PVWԥTLOOLN LOOԥULQGԥ´ EH\- QԥO[DOTHOPLNRQIUDQVÕQPDWHULDOODUÕ%DNÕ-14 noyabr 2013-cü il, s. 135-137 8. 1ԥFԥIRY ù1 +DFÕOÕ =& 145 2013-cü il, s. 170-173 10. 1ԥFԥIRY ù1 7XQF G|YUQGԥ 2UWD .U K|Y]ԥVLQLQ ԥKDOL PԥVNXQODúPDVÕQÕQ DUGÕFÕOOÕT GLQDPLNDVÕ $]ԥUED\FDQGDDU[HRORMLYԥHWQRTUDILNDUDúGÕUPDODU $0($-QÕQ KԥTLTL]Y 7Ԥ%Q\DGRYXQ DQDGDQ ROPDVÕQÕQ LOOL\LQԥ KԥVU ROXQPXú HOPL VHVVL\DQÕQ PDWHULDOODUÕ %DNÕIHYUDO-FLLO%DNÕV-17 781&'g95h1'Ԥ257$.h5+g9=Ԥ6ø1ø1Ԥ+$/ø0Ԥ6.81/$ù0$6,1,1 7Ԥ%øø-&2ö5$)øùԤ5$ø7$0ø/ø *ԥQFԥ-4D]D[E|OJԥVLQLQWXQFG|YUDELGԥOԥUL]UԥHWQRDU[HRORMLWԥGTLTDW ù11Ԥ&Ԥ)29 ;h/$6Ԥ *ԥQFԥ-4D]D[ E|OJԥVLQGԥNL WXQF G|YU DELGԥOԥULQGԥQ DúNDU HGLOPLú PDGGLPԥQEԥOԥU PXPLOLNGԥ2UWD.U K|Y]ԥVLQLQTԥGLPFԥPL\\ԥWLQLQWԥVԥUUIDW YԥLFWLPDLVWUXNWXUXQXPԥ\\ԥQ TԥGԥUEԥUSDHWPԥ\ԥLPNDQYHULU*ԥQFԥ-4D]D[E|OJԥVLQLQԥOYHULúOLWԥELL-FR÷UDILúԥUDLWLYԥ iqlimi, HOԥFԥGԥ]ԥQJLQ\HUVWYԥ\HUDOWÕWԥELLVԥUYԥWOԥULWXQFG|YUQGԥEXUDGDPԥVNXQODúDQ\HUOLTԥELOԥ Yԥ WD\IDODUÕQ PԥGԥQL LQNLúDIÕQD [H\OL N|PԥN HWPLúGLU 'DKD oR[ WXQF Yԥ HUNԥQ GԥPLU G|YUQGԥ EDUL] úԥNLOGԥ Wԥ]DKU HGԥQ ORNDO FԥKԥWOԥUԥ PDOLN EX E|OJԥ \HUOL &ԥQXEL 4D]ITD] PԥGԥQL\\ԥW- OԥULQGԥQ Pԥ\\ԥQ TԥGԥU IԥUTOԥQԥQ |]QԥPԥ[VXV .U-$UD] Yԥ ;RFDOÕ-*ԥGԥEԥ\ PԥGԥQL\\ԥWL DUHDOÕQD GD[LO LGL 7XQF G|YUQGԥ PDUDTOÕ [VXVL\\ԥW NLPL ELU IDNWRU GD L]OԥQLOLU NL EX GD ԥKDOL PԥVNXQODúPDVÕLOԥED÷OÕGÕUԤKDOLPԥVNXQODúPDVÕQÕQKԥPWԥELL-FR÷UDILúԥUDLWDPLOLKԥPGԥLTWLVDGL VԥEԥEOԥULYDULGL/DNLQWԥGTLTDWODUVEXWHGLUNLLTWLVDGLVԥEԥEOԥUGԥWԥELL-FR÷UDILúԥUDLWDPLOLLOԥ VÕ[úԥNLOGԥED÷OÕROPXúGXU $oDU V|]OԥU *ԥQFԥ-4D]D[ E|OJԥVL 2UWD .U K|Y]ԥVL WXQF G|YU PԥVNXQODúPD FR÷UDILúԥUDLW THE FACTOR OF NATURAL-GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS OF THE HABITAT POPULATION OF THE POOL OF THE MIDDLE COURSE OF THE KURA RIVER BASIN IN THE BRONZE AGE (Ethnoarchaeological research on the Bronze Age monuments of the Ganja-Gazakh region) Sh.N.NAJAFOV SUMMARY The material sources founded on the archaeological monuments of Ganja-Gazakh region of Bronze Age are allow a certain degree of recovery of common view of economic and social structure of ancient community of the middle course of the Kura River basin. The favorable natural- geographical conditions and climate of Ganja-Gazakh region, and numerous useful resources and minerals substantially facilitate to culture development of local tribes and collectives of the Bronze Age. The study region specific most pronounced in the Bronze – Early Iron Ages, was a part of the areal of The Kura-Araxes and The Khojaly-Gedabek archaeological cultures. The one of the interesting specific was the factor associated with the settlement of this territory. The researchers are show, that besides of favorable economic factors the important role of the settlement have played and the natural-geographical conditions of habitat too. 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They also organized the Armenians who had migrated and lived in these territories sporadically by sending the missioners to the territory of Azerbaijan and Turkey. They made the Armenians commit the genocide of the Turkish population of the region to create an Armenian Empire in Azerbaijan and Turkey. 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BHOԥOLNOԥ øVODPÕQ P|KNԥPOԥQPԥVLQGԥ ;LODIԥWLQ IRUPDODúPDVÕQGD 0ԥ- KԥPPԥG 3H\÷ԥPEԥUGԥQ VRQUDNÕ \HUGԥ GD\DQDQ +ԥ]UԥWL ԤOL PEDUԥN QL\\ԥW- OԥULQLQoR[XQDQDLOROPD÷DoDWPDGDQEXFUIDFLԥOLúԥNLOGԥGQ\DVÕQÕGԥ\LúGL Ԥ'Ԥ%ø<<$7 1. $EGXOIHWWDK$EGXOPDNVXGøPDP ԤOL0HKGL&ԥIԥULQWԥUFPԥVL7HKUDQ: +DYHU1HúUL\DW 1992, 417 s. 2. $GHP$SDN$QD+DWODUÕ\ODøVODP7DULKLøVWDQEXO: (QVDU1HúUL\DW 2016, 400 s. 3. $KPHW$NEXOXW6DKDEH'|QHPLøNWLGDU.DYJDVÕ$QNDUD: Mak Grup Medya, 2016, 335 s. 4. $KPHW&HYGHW3DúD3H\JDPEHUOHUYH+DOLIHOHU7DULKLøVWDQEXO: +LNPHW1HúUL\\DW, 767 s. 5. $OL $NWDQ øVODP 7DULKL %DúODQJÕFGDQ (PHYLOHULQ 6RQXQD .DGDU $QNDUD: 1REHO ɏȺɅɂɎȺɅɂɂȺɊȺȻɋɄɂɃɏɂɅȺɎȺɌ ɋ.ȻȺɏɒȺɅɂȿȼ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɏɚɥɢɮ Ⱥɥɢ ɫɵɝɪɚɥ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɢ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɪɚɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɥɢɮɚɬɚ Ɉɧ ɛɵɥ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɦ ȿɝɨ ɭɫɥɭɝɢɢɦɟɸɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɯɚɥɢɮɚɬɟɧɨɢɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɢɫɥɚɦɫɤɨɝɨɦɢɪɚ Ʉɚɠɞɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɟɝɨɠɢɡɧɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬ ɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧ ɧɨɢɞɥɹɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɨɬɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɫɬɪɚɧɵɢɥɢɧɚɰɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɥɸɛɹɬɫɜɨɣɧɚɪɨɞ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɏɚɥɢɮ;ɢɥɚɮɚɬɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɪɨɞ 165 ALI HOLINESS AND THE ARAB CALIPHATE S.BAKHSHALIYEV SUMMARY The article says that Caliph Ali played an important role in the process of creating and strengthening the Arab Caliphate. He was a talented politician and commander. His services are of great importance not only in the caliphate, but also in the history of the Islamic world. Every moment of his life, human qualities and ability to govern the state are a true example not only for all Muslims, but also for ordinary citizens, regardless of age, country or nation, who love their people. Keywords: Caliph, Khilafat, state, government, people 166 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 UOT 94 “04/15” )250$6ø<$/$5$5$6,)Ԥ54 )(2'$/ø=0)250$6ø<$6, ø&Ԥ0ø5/ø %DNÕ'|YOΩW8QLYHUVLWHWL [email protected] 0ΩTDOΩIHRGDOL]PLQ\DUDQPDVÕQGDQYΩLQNLúDIÕQGDQEΩKVHWPΩNGΩGLU %XQXQOD ΩODTΩGDU RODUDT PΩTDOΩGΩ ELU VÕUD QΩ]ΩUL\\ΩOΩU DUDúGÕUÕOPÕú YΩ WΩKOLO ediOPLúGLU2FPOΩGΩQ\HQLPONΩGDUOÕTQΩ]ΩUL\\ΩVLLUΩOLVUOPúGU%XQGDQEDúTDIΩUTOL |ONΩOΩUGΩ GΩ IHRGDOL]PLQ PΩUKΩOΩOL LQNLúDIÕ WΩKOLO HGLOPLú YΩ DQDOL] HGLOPLúGLU 0ΩTDOΩQLQ \D]ÕOPDVÕQGDD]ΩUED\FDQWUNUXVGLOOΩULQGΩRODQΩGΩEL\\DWODUGDQLVWLIDGΩHGLOPLúGLU $oDU V|]OԥU IHRGDOL]P PONԥGDU QDWXUDO WԥVԥUUIDW IRUPDVL\D $VL\D Yԥ $IULND IHRGDO]LPL$YURSDYԥ$PHULNDIHRGDOL]PL )HRGDOL]PLQPH\GDQDJԥOPԥVL )HRGDOL]PQԥ]ԥUL\\ԥVLFeodalizm mü- QDVLEԥWOԥULQLQ UúH\POԥUL TXOGDUOÕT IRUPDVL\DVÕ G|YUQGԥ PH\GDQD JԥOPLúGLU +ԥOԥTXOGDUOÕTG|YUQGԥEDúYHUԥQLú÷DOoÕPKDULEԥOԥUQԥWLFԥVLQGԥKԥUELVԥUNԥU- GԥOԥU IHRGDOD oHYULOGLNOԥUL KDOGD NԥQGOLOԥU WԥEԥTԥVL Gԥ YHUJL YHUԥQ WԥEԥTԥ\ԥ oHYULOLUGLOԥU%XNODVVLNTXOGDUOÕTG|YOԥWOԥULRODQ5RPD 5RPDGDYHUJLOԥUDGOÕ PԥTDOԥGԥPԥOXPDWYHULOLUNLHԥ,,,ԥVUGԥQEDúOD\DUDTURPDOÕODUODELUOLNGԥLVWLOD ROXQPXú E|OJԥOԥU Gԥ YHUJL Yԥ PNԥOOԥIL\\ԥWOԥUL \HULQԥ \HWLULUGLOԥU >@ Yԥ 167 VLEԥWOԥUL SDUDOHO úԥNLOGԥ P|YFXG ROPXúGXU %XQXQ QԥWLFԥVLQGԥ WRUSDT VDKLEL RODQ IHRGDOODUOD \DQDúÕ DVÕOÕ RODQ NԥQGOL WԥEԥTԥVL Gԥ WԥGULFԥQ IRUPDODúPD÷D EDúODPÕúGÕU)HRGDOODU|]QGԥQE|\NIHRGDOÕQTDUúÕVÕQGDWDEHoLOLNGDúÕGÕTODUÕ KDOGD NԥQGOLOԥU Gԥ GDKD NLoLN IHRGDOODUÕQ TDUúÕVÕQGD YHUJL Yԥ PNԥOOԥIL\\ԥW |KGԥOL\L GDúÕPÕúODU ԤNVԥU WDUL[ NLWDEODUÕQGD IHRGDOL]P IRUPDVL\DVÕQÕQ P|Y- FXGOX÷XQXQúԥUT|ONԥOԥULQGԥ,,,ԥVUGԥQEDúOD\ÕE;,;ԥVUԥTԥGԥUGDYDPHWGL\L $YURSD |ONԥOԥULQGԥ LVԥ 9 ԥVUGԥ EDúOD\ÕE ;9,, ԥVUԥ TԥGԥU GDYDP HWGL\L J|V- WԥULOPԥNGԥGLU%LUVÕUD|ONԥOԥUGԥIHRGDOL]PPQDVLEԥWOԥUL;;ԥVUԥTԥGԥUGDYDP HWPLúGLU>@%XUDGDԥVDVԥQ$VL\DYԥ$IULND|ONԥOԥULVWQONWԥúNLOHGLUGL )HRGDOL]PLQ\DUDQPDVÕLOԥԥODTԥGDUELUoR[Qԥ]ԥUL\\ԥOԥUP|YFXddur. 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Ɇ.: Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɉɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ www.redstory.ru.world 09.12.2013 ɊȺɁɇɂɐȺɆȿɀȾɍɎɈɊɆȺɐɂəɆɂɎȿɈȾȺɅɖɇȺəɎɈɊɆȺɐɂə ɂȾɠȺɆɂɊɈȼ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɮɟɨɞɚɥɢɡɦɚȼɫɜɹ ɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɜɫɬɚɬɶɟɛɵɥɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɵɢɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɪɹɞɬɟɨɪɢɣɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɮɟɨɞɚɥɢɡ ɦɚɈɫɚɦɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɮɟɨɞɚɥɢɡɦɚɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɛɵɥɢɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɪɹɞɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɢɢɉɨɦɢɦɨɷɬɨɝɨɛɵɥɫɞɟɥɚɧɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɮɟɨɞɚɥɢɡɦɚɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯȾɥɹɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɫɬɚɬɶɢɛɵɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢɧɚɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɫɤɨɦɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɢɡɦɩɨɦɟɳɢɤɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɟɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɚɡɢ ɚɬɫɤɢɣɢɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣɮɟɨɞɚɥɢɡɦɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣɢɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣɮɟɨɞɚɥɢɡɦ 172 INTERFORMATIONAL DIFFERENCE FEUDALISM FORMATION I.C.AMIROV SUMMARY The present article is examining the generation and development process of feudalism. In this regard, there are studied and analyzed many theories about the process of feudalism formation. About the process of feudalism, several own theories were put forward by the author of the article. Besides that, there was made a comparative analysis was made about the development of feudalism in other countries. While preparing this article there were used Sources in Azerbaijani, Turkish, Russian, languages. Keywords: feudalism, landlord, natural economy, formation, Asian and African feudalism, European and American feudalism. 173 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 UOT 94 (479.24) %$.,ùԤ+Ԥ5'80$6,9Ԥ$=Ԥ5%$<&$1/,'(387$7/$5 G.A.0Ԥ00Ԥ'29$ $]ΩUED\FDQ5HVSXEOLNDVÕ3UH]LGHQWL\DQÕQGD'|YOΩWøGDUΩoLOLN$NDGHPL\DVÕ [email protected] ;,;ΩVULQ,,\DUÕVÕQGD³ùΩKΩUΩVDVQDPΩVL´QLQTΩEXOHGLOPΩVLQGΩQVRQUD%DNÕúΩKΩULQGΩ GΩ |]QLGDUΩ RUTDQODUÕQÕQ – ùΩKΩU 'XPDVÕ YΩ ùΩKΩU øGDUΩVLQLQ IRUPDODúGÕUÕOPDVÕQD YΩ IΩDOL\\ΩWLQΩ LFD]Ω YHULOPLúGL %XQGDQ VRQUD ùΩKΩU 'XPDVÕQD VHoNLOΩUGΩ YΩ 'XPDQÕQ IΩDOL\\ΩWLQGΩúΩKΩULQPVΩOPDQ D]ΩUED\FDQOÕ HOLWDVÕGDIΩDOLúWLUDNHWPLúGLU 0ΩTDOΩGΩ%DNÕ ùΩKΩU 'XPDVÕQGD GXPD ]YOΩULQGΩQ +=ΩUGDEL Ψ7RSoXEDúRY +=7D÷Õ\HY YΩ EDúTDODUÕQÕQ IΩDOL\\ΩWLQGΩQ V|KEΩW DoÕOÕU $]ΩUED\FDQOÕ GHSXWDWODUÕQ 'XPDQÕQD\UÕ-D\UÕ NRPLVVL\DODUÕQGD J|UGNOΩUL P[WΩOLI PΩ]PXQOX YΩ LVWLTDPΩWOL LúOΩU WDUL[L IDNWODU YΩ HOPL PΩQEΩOΩUΩ LVWLQDGΩQ LúÕTODQGÕUÕOÕU $oDU V|]OԥU ԤVDVQDPԥ úԥKԥU |]QLGDUԥHWPԥVL %DNÕ ùԥKԥU 'XPDVÕ 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Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ƚɚɫɚɧ ɛɟɤɚ Ɇɟɥɢɤɨɜ Ɂɚɪɞɚɛɢ ɜ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɣ Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ Ⱦɭɦɟ - Ȼɚɤɭ: ɗɥɦɜɟɬɷɯɫɢɥ, 2015,ɫ ȾɠɚɜɚɞɨɜɚɗȽɚɫɚɧɛɟɤɆɟɥɢɤɨɜ Ɂɚɪɞɚɛɢ – ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ƚɚɫɚɧ ɛɟɤɚ Ɇɟɥɢɤɨɜ Ɂɚɪɞɚɛɢ ɜ Ȼɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɣ ȽɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣȾɭɦɟ 1897- Ȼɚɤɭ: ɗɥɦɜɟɬɷɯɫɢɥɫ. 4-32. Ɇɢɥɦɚɧ Ⱥ Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ©ɋɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣ ɞɠɚɧɟª Ȼɚɤɭ: Ⱥɡɟɪɧɟɲɪ ɫ. ɆɭɪɚɞɚɥɢɟɜɚȿȽɨɪɨɞɵɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚɜɨɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ;,;ɜɟɤɟȻɚ ɤɭ: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨȻɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɫ. 180 ȻȺɄɂɇɋɄȺəȽɈɊɈȾɋɄȺəȾɍɆȺɂȾȿɉɍɌȺɌɕ- ȺɁȿɊȻȺɃȾɀȺɇɐɕ Ƚ.ȺɆȺɆȿȾɈȼȺ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ ɋɨɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ;,;ɜɟɤɚɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ©ȽɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɚªɜɝɨɪɨɞɟȻɚ ɤɭɛɵɥɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɪɝɚɧɵɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣɞɭɦɵɢɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɉɨɫɥɟɷɬɨɝɨɧɚɜɵɛɨɪɚɯɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɭɸɞɭɦɭɢɜɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɞɭɦɵɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɷɥɢɬɚ ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɥɟɧɨɜȻɚɤɢɧɫɤɨɣɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣɞɭɦɵȽɁɚɪɞɚɛɢ ȺɌɨɩɱɭɛɚɲɟɜɚȽɁɌɚɝɢɟɜɚɢɞɪɈɫɜɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɢɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɨɜ – ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɰɟɜ ɞɭɦɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɵɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ Ʉɥɸɰɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɟɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟȻɚɤɢɧɫɤɚɹɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹɞɭ ɦɚɜɵɛɨɪɵɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɵɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɁɚɪɞɚɛɢɌɚɝɢɟɜD BAKU CITY DUMA AND AZERBAIJANI DEPUTIES G.A.MAMMADOVA SUMMARY In the second half of the 19th century, after the acceptance of “city statue” it is also allowed to the formation and functioning of self-governing bodies – city duma and city administration in Baku. After this the Muslim elite of the city (azerbaijani) are actively participated in the activity and elections of city Dumas. In the article are talking about the activities of the Duma’s member in Baku city duma H.Zardabi, A.Topchubashov, H.Z.Taghiyev and others. Different content and directional work by Azerbaijani deputies in different committees of Duma are illuminated reference with historical and scientific sources. 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ȻɚɤɢɯɚɧɨɜȺɛɛɚɫ-Ʉɭɥɢ-ȺɝɚȽɸɥɢɫɬɚɧ-ɂɪɚɦɌɪɭɞɵɈɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɢɡɭ ɱɟɧɢɹȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚȼɵɩ. Ȼɚɤɭ, 1926, ɫ 7. ȽɚɞɠɢɟɜɚɋɒȾɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɟɬɟɪɟɤɟɦɟɧɰɵɆ. ɇɚɭɤɚ ɫ 8. ɇɚɪɨɞɵɄɚɜɤɚɡɚ,ɉɨɞɪɟɞɋɉɌɨɥɫɬɨɜɚɆ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɇɚɭɤ ɫ 9. ɏɚɩɢɡɨɜ ɒɆɄɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɨɛɢɫɥɚɦɢɡɚɰɢɢɋɚɪɢɪɚɢɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢȺɛɭ0ɭɫɥɢɦɚɚɥ- ɏɭɧɡɚɯɢȼɟɫɬɧɢɤȾɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚʋ-31c. 10. ɏɚɩɢɡɨɜɒɆɊɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɢɫɥɚɦɚɜɉɚɧɤɢɫɫɤɨɦɭɳɟɥɶɟȽɪɭɡɢɢɧɚɪɭɛɟɠɟ XIX-;;ɜɜɜɫɜɟɬɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɲɟɣɯɚɂɫɚ-ɚɩɚɧɞɢɌɚɲɚɡɭɥɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɤɨɧɮ©ɂɫɥɚɦɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɢɡɚɟɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢª-ɨɤɬ Ɇɚɝɚɫ- ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫ -397. 11. ɏɚɲɚɟɜɆɏɁɚɩɢɫɤɚɨɫɨɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɨɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɦɫɬɪɨɟɜɄɚɣɬɚɝɟɎɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟ ɧɢɹɜȾɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɟȺɪɯɢɜɧɵɟɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵɆ., 1969, 190 c. 12. ɒɢɯɫɚɢɞɨɜȺɊȺɣɬɛɟɪɨɜȺɊɈɪɚɡɚɟɜɌɆȾɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɨɱɢɧɟ ɧɢɹɆ., ɫ 13. øVODPÕQ\D\ÕOPDVÕhttps://haqqinda.az/%C3%9Cmumi/43425- %C4%B0slam%C4%B1n+yay%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1.html 187 ȼɅɂəɇɂȿɋɈɋȿȾɇɂɏɇȺɊɈȾɈȼɂɋɍɎɂɃɋɄɈɃɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ ɇȺɉɊɈɇɂɄɇɈȼȿɇɂȿɂɋɅȺɆȺȼȽɊɍɁɂɘ ɇȺɉɊɂɆȿɊȿɈɊȾȿɇɈȼɏȺɅɖȼȺɌɂɂɇȺɄɒȻȺɇȾɂ ɂȽȼȿɁɂɊɈȼȺ ɊȿɁɘɆȿ Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɢɫɥɚɦɫɤɨɣɪɟɥɢɝɢɢɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɢɫɬɨɪɢɸɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɢɜɟ ɪɨɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɚɧɢɟɦɧɨɝɢɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜȺɡɢɢȺɮɪɢɤɢȿɜɪɨɩɵɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢɄɚɜɤɚɡɚɇɚɩɪɨ ɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɜɟɤɨɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɵ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɢ Ƚɪɭɡɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɵ ɧɚɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɨ ɤ ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɉɪɢɧɹɬɢɟɧɨɜɨɣɪɟɥɢɝɢɢɧɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥɨɜɦɢɪɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɇɚɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɥɚɦɚɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨ-ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɵɋɟɣɣɢɞəɯɶɢ ɒɢɪɜɚɧɢ-Ȼɚɤɭɜɢ ɉɢɪɢ-ɋɚɧɢ ɨɪɞɟɧɚ ɏɚɥɶɜɚɬɢɣɚ Ɉɧ ɢɦɟɥ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜ Ƚɨɪɧɨɦ ȾɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɟɨɬɤɭɞɚɫɭɮɢɣɫɤɢɟɜɡɝɥɹɞɵɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɥɢɢɜȽɪɭɡɢɸ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɂɫɥɚɦ Ƚɪɭɡɢɹ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ Ⱦɚɝɟɫɬɚɧ ɏɚɥɶɜɚɬɢɣɚ ɋɟɣɣɢɞ əɯɶɹɒɢɪɜɚɧɢ-Ȼɚɤɭɜɢɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɵ SPREAD OF ISLAM IN GEORGIA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NEIGHBORING PEOPLES AND SUFI LITERATURE (ON THE KHALVATI AND NAQSHBANDI ORDERS’ EXAMPLES) I.H.9$=ø529$ SUMMARY The spread of the Islam influenced on the History, Culture and Religion of many peoples of Asia, Africa, Europe, including the Caucasus. For centuries, the people of Azerbaijan and Georgia were attacked by the same conquerors, which led to destabilization in all spheres of their life. The adoption of new religion did not always take place in peaceful conditions. The spread of Islam in this region was positively influenced by religious and philosophical treatises of Seyyid Yahya Shirvani-Bakuvi, the founder of the Order of Khalvati. He had a great influence in Dagestan, from where Sufi views penetrated into Georgia. Keywords: Islam, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Khalvati Order, Seyyid Yahya Shirvani-Bakuvi, Philosophical treatises. 188 %$.,81ø9(56ø7(7ø1ø1;Ԥ%Ԥ5/Ԥ5ø ʋ +XPDQLWDUHOPOΩUVHUL\DVÕ 2019 'ø/dø/ø. +ԥELEOL5< 2QRPDVWRNDGDV|]\DUDGÕcÕlÕ÷Õ PԥVԥOԥOԥULQԥGDLU...... 5 Ԥ'Ԥ%ø<<$7ùh1$6/,4 ԤOL\HYDø6 øUVLGUDNÕQ LúÕ÷ÕQGD...... 12 ԤOԥNEԥURYDh4 RKN|oLQDQFÕ...... 18 ԤOL\HYD6( 4D]L%UKDQLQLQ\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQWԥVԥYYfLGH\DTD\QDTODUÕ YԥøPDGԥGGLQ1ԥVLPL\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQDWԥVLUL ...... 26 ԤOL\HYD1( +DúLPEԥ\6DTLELQ\DUDGÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQGDDWDODUV|]OԥULQLQSRHWLNLIDGԥVL...... 35 MikayÕlov Ü.A. 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The problem of word-formation in onomastics ...... 5 LITERATURE Aliyeva I.S. Heritage in the light of the cognition ...... 12 Alakbarova U.G. Transmigration of the soul in belief ...... 18 Aliyeva S.E. Mystic idea sources in Gazi Burhanaddin’s creativity and influence to creativity of Imadaddin Nasimi...... 26 Aliyeva N.E. Poetical expresson of proverbs in creativity of Hashim bey Saqib...... 35 Mikayilov U.A. The narrative that reflects the writer’s fate and character...... 41 Baqirova Sh.S. Percepsion of human and truth in Nasimi poetry...... 48 Rasulova G.K. A satirical depiction of artistic detail in the works of Jalil Mammadguluzade and Omer Seyfeddin...... 64 Bagirova L.J. «The artistic expression of postmopdernist aspects in «Dunyazadiad» part of the novel «Chimera» by John Barth»...... HISTORY =H\QDORYø.K Heydar Aliyev and the issue of creating National Army in the Republic of Azerbaijan ...... 78 Bakshaliyev F.E. Place and participation of Russian peasants in Azerbaijan village after Russian conquest...... 88 193 Caglayan Y., Mammadova N.B. The role the Caspian sea in the economic relations of the North and South in XIII-XIV centuries...... 94 Najafova K.T. Creative activity of Akhmed Bek Agaev in Europe at the cast of “Turan” delegation...... 100 Pirquliyeva Q.A. Relationships between Parfiya and ancient Azerbaijan in the context of synthesis materials ...... 107 Maharramov R.I. Language, culture and ethic affiliation of Ischids...... 115 Abasov T.N. The disturbances in Jordan: The backward glance at the country’s history in the light of the present day...... 123 Haciyeva U.Sh. Influence of geopolitics of the XVIII-XIX centuries on some confessional changes in the South-East of the South Caucasus...... 128 Najafov Sh.N. The factor of natural-geographical conditions of the habitat population of the pool of the middle course of the Kura river basin in the bronze age (Ethnoarchaeological research on the Bronze Age monuments of the Ganja-Gazakh region)...... 138 Safari H.A. Western states and Russia's plans to great Armenian state in Ottoman and Azerbaijani territories...... 147 Bakhsaliyev S.F. Ali Holiness and the Arab Caliphate...... 155 Amirli I.C. Interformational difference. Feudalism formation...... 167 Mammadovs G.A. Baku city Duma and Azerbaijani deputies...... 174 ORIENTAL STUDIES Vezirova I.Q. Sprad of Islam in Georgia under the influence of neighboring peoples and Sufi literature (on the Halvati and Naqshbandi orders’s examples) ...... 182 194