24. Eastbourne Levels

Eastbourne Levels 24

A22

Lower Willingdon S h in ew a te r L ak Langney Hampden Park e

West Langney Lake

B2290 Cross Levels r we Way Se ey rs Ho Southbourne Lake

South Downs 0 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.21.2 1.8 2.4 24 Eastbourne Levels Landscape Character Area Kilometers 24 EASTBOURNE LEVELS LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREA NationalSouth Downs Park National Park Kilometers

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24

levels are separated edge of Hampden Park from Pevensey Levels softened by trees by low Polegate-Stone Cross-Pevensey ridge Eastbourne Park harsh urban edges of Eastbourne, Willingdon and Langney provide boundary

low-lying, flat and open, criss-crossed by channels and ditches. mainly under pasture

developed shingle coast known as Sovereign Harbour

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 • Few trees and hedges but typically wind sculpted scattered Contents willow and thorn scrub, A. Landscape Description • The principle tree species are willows, field maple, alder, ash, B. Landscape Evaluation poplar and oak. C. Vision and Strategy • The main A22 new route crosses the area, as does the A2290 D. Guidelines for Managing Change and mainline railway. A Landscape Description Key Landscape Characteristics Table 1 Key positive Landscape Attributes • Small tract of flat open levels separated form the Pevensey Levels by the low Polegate - Stone Cross ridge. • Small tract of flat open levels separated form the Pevensey • Some sense of tranquillity in the heart of the area with big skies Levels by the low Polegate Stone Cross ridge. and cries of wetland birds. • Some sense of tranquillity in the heart of the area with big • Evidence of many centuries of human intervention to reclaim skies and cries of wetland birds. the lowland marsh as grazing land. • Evidence of many centuries of human intervention to • An intricate pattern of manmade ditches as historic field reclaim the lowland marsh as grazing land. enclosures and drainage systems. • An intricate pattern of manmade ditches as historic field • The hard urban edges of Willingdon, Langney, Sovereign Harbour enclosures and drainage systems. and Eastbourne surround the area. • Eastbourne Park: A Green Infrastructure of multifunctional • The hard urban edges are softened in places by trees notably at green spaces and lakes including Shinewater, Southbourne Hampden Park. and West Langney created to provide flood compensation for the A22 New Route or Golden Jubilee Way and new • Eastbourne Park: A Green Infrastructure of multifunctional green schools and housing development in the town. spaces and lakes including Shinewater, Southbourne and West Langney created to provide flood compensation for the A22 • Internationally significant archaeological discovery of an New Route or Golden Jubilee Way and new schools and housing important Bronze Age settlement and causeway. development in the town. • Internationally significant archaeological discovery of an important Bronze Age settlement and causeway designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 B Landscape Evaluation Forces for Change impacting on positive Landscape Attributes Table 2 Current Condition

• The areas of green infrastructure are managed as public Past / Current forces for change open space. • Loss of vegetation along rivers and dykes due to maintenance regimes, agricultural intensification and engineering works. • The rest of the levels are grazed and generally in good management. • Creeping suburbanisation and cumulative changes in the landscape which are not in detract from local distinctiveness. • Typical urban edge problems encroach on the area with horseyculture, small holdings, intrusive ad hoc development • Water quality in the channels and ditches. and fly tipping. • Changes in the types and frequency of grazing animals in the • The hard urban edges are intrusive with most views countryside impacts on character as they are a characteristic terminating in views of factories and houses. feature. Lack of grazing can give an unmanaged appearance to the landscape and reduce the biodiversity value. • Traffic on the main roads intrudes into the tranquillity. • Farm Environment Plans including Entry Level Stewardship at • Two power lines cross the area and are dominating in the Southbourne and West Langley and organic farming at Friday flat landscape. Street. • Power lines crossing the open landscape. • Creation of lakes and Green Infrastructure as flood alleviation for new development.

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 Future Forces for Change Table 3 Potential Impacts of Climate Change • The expanding development around the edges of the area. • Future development of the area as multifunctional Green • Potential changes in woodland / tree species composition infrastructure to mitigate the expansion of Eastbourne. (refer to and accelerated growth of species such as birch Eastbourne Park Draft Supplementary Planning Document (SPD), • Increased prevalence of pests and diseases due to warmer EBC Nov 2011 and subsequent updates. weather e.g. Phytophera of Alder. • Changes in precipitation and temperatures will change • Continued agricultural change due to changing markets, the types of crops that farmers grow. economic pressures and response to climate change. • Potential impact on the viability of grazing sheep, • Reduction in grazing reducing effective grassland management. dairy and beef. • Increased temperatures and a decline in precipitation levels • The spread of small agricultural holdings, hobby farming, may dry out wetland habitats and ponds and alter stream paddocks and allotments for local food production. flows. • Pressure for locating renewable energy facilities for solar, wind and bio energy.(Note: Eastbourne Park Draft SPD (Nov.2011) does not support wind turbines in this area) • Pests and diseases of trees which could impact significantly on the mature tree stock. E.g. phytophora of alder and Ash dieback. • Vital flood storage areas which mitigate the effects of flooding in the surrounding built up area. • Extension of existing and creation of new lakes to increase flood capacity.

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 C Vision and Strategy 7. Continue to plan for and create multifunctional green infrastructure whilst providing necessary flood relief. Table 4 Vision 8. Ensure that the design and layout of new developments (as an update of the County Landscape Assessment 2009) respect the character and form of the landscape. A valued and well managed area of multifunctional Green Infra- 9. Control the spread of suburbanisation by minimising clutter of structure which provides for recreation, flood relief and biodi- signage and other urban features. versity. Areas which provide tranquillity and escape from the 10. Close to residential areas plan for and create facilities such as surrounding urban area. Conserved and enhanced reed beds, allotments, play areas, outdoor sports facilities and amenity channels and ditches supporting rich flora and fauna. spaces. 11. New flood storage measures designed to provide As noted in the current Landscape Character Guidance – enhancement to the existing biodiversity ad avoiding impact A Landscape Strategy identifies “what change if any is desirable for on archaeological interests. any landscape character area as a whole?” 12. Creation of a local nature reserve.

Landscape change and adaptation to meet the strategy requires: 13. Maximise the interpretation and protection of the significance archaeological interests. 1. Planning for the enhancement of the Biodiversity Opportunity Area of the Eastbourne Marshes. 2. Protect and manage existing habitats and plan for restoration of ditches and stream side vegetation to restore habitat D Guidelines for Managing Change linkages and continuity. Development considerations for housing and other development 3. Provide enhanced access on a network of paths and cycleways The pressures for development will be for further housing and 4. Maximise the recreational value of the area, outside the business expansion in the surrounding urban areas of Eastbourne. designated wildlife areas, thus conserving the natural assets Proposed development should consider opportunities for and biodiversity. proactively meeting the Landscape Change Strategy aims for this 5. Integrate proposed and existing development into the landscape Character Area as set out in 1-13 above. landscape through planting of tree features and woodland to define the urban boundaries with the countryside. 6. Consider appropriate species for new plantings to maintain landscape character and biodiversity but also adaptation to climate change influences. © ESCC 2015

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 Table 5

Current issues offering opportunities for Landscape Management Guidelines Benefits delivered by Ecosystem Services protection and enhancement for each area of interest Countryside and Farmland Countryside and Farmland Provisioning services Pressure for farm diversification and development Encourage farm conservation schemes to conserve Water availability of hobby farms, solar arrays, wind farms, waste the landscape structure of wetland, ditches and Food production recycling operations etc. streams on the levels. Protect and manage historic drainage patterns and Regulating services Land falling out of positive management. conserve boundary features. (water purification, air quality maintenance and Loss of traditional pasture and wetland meadows. Positively manage the area as flood storage land climate regulation) Clearance of natural vegetation from drainage and increase the capacity as necessary. Water quality and protected aquifers. channels and ditches. Manage the lakes for their recreational and wildlife potential. This may require segregation of activities Regulating water flow and preventing flooding Low water levels and poor water quality in some to ensure all functions are catered for. Soil conservation and erosion control drains and streams. Enhance the biodiversity value of wet meadows, Habitat and species resilience to climate change Flooding of farmland and properties affecting the drainage and stream channels. viability of farms. Plan for and manage changes which may occur in Carbon sequestration. Areas of peat in the river the landscape due to changes in farm management valleys, hedges, trees, reed beds and grassland Overstocking and arable production on some soils brought about by economic influences and climate regulate air quality by absorbing and retaining CO . can result in soil erosion and reduce soil quality. 2 change. Cultural Services Address existing flooding issues of farmland and Sense of Place and local distinctiveness. properties through flood management and by identifying areas which can provide flood alleviation Source of Inspiration and enhance existing. Sense of History Reduce the risk and incidence of soil erosion by encouraging the restoration of arable land to Tranquillity pasture. Biodiversity Apply best land management practices to prevent soil and fertiliser run off, thereby protecting surface Recreation and ground water.

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 Current issues offering opportunities for Landscape Management Guidelines Benefits delivered by Ecosystem Services protection and enhancement for each area of interest Countryside and Farmland continued Countryside and Farmland continued Secure creation of a management forum for Eastbourne Park to bring together key landowners Trees and Woodland Trees and Woodland Provisioning Woods and tree belts are not in positive Actively manage trees and woodland through Fuel (woodfuel for local communities from management. coppicing, pollarding of willows and replanting to woodland management) create a diverse age structure. Traditional management has stopped as it is not Regulating Plant new small woods, wet woodland and tree commercially viable e.g. pollarding of stream side Carbon sequestration, woodland absorbs and belts to strengthen the landscape character and willows. holds CO . where this is appropriate habitat creation. 2 Tree diseases Plant new woodland around the edges of the area Habitat and species resilience to climate change Invasive species competing with natives e.g. to reduce intrusion of urban areas Cultural Spanish Bluebell, Himalayan balsam, Japanese Encourage planting of trees along streams and Tranquillity knotweed. ditches, where suitable to habitat. Consider the need to adapt to changes enforced by Sense of Place and local distinctiveness climate change, such as specific tree diseases and Cultural heritage (traditional woodland possible adaptation in species selection. management)

Bioidversity Recreation

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 Current issues offering opportunities for Landscape Management Guidelines Benefits delivered by Ecosystem Services protection and enhancement for each area of interest Grazing Marshes Other key Habitats Provisioning Deterioration and loss of habitats : Encourage management of river and stream Nature’s larder of free berries and herbs. channels Deterioration of water quality in streams, ditches Conservation of insect pollinators for pollination of and ponds Conservation and re-creation of wet meadow/ crops. pasture habitats. Financial and viable farming constraints affecting Regulating the continued management of wet meadows Farm stewardship schemes to maximise Habitat and species resilience to climate change reducing the biodiversity value. biodiversity. Cultural Improvements to Grassland and meadows reducing Opportunities to maximise reed bed creation. Appreciation of nature species richness. Encourage measures to improve water quality. Educational value Loss of wetland meadows to arable farming. Extend lakes and create new ones to maximise Biodiversity habitat potential.

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 Current issues offering opportunities for Landscape Management Guidelines Benefits delivered by Ecosystem Services protection and enhancement for each area of interest Recreation, Green Infrastructure (GI) and ANGS Recreation, Green Infrastructure and ANGS Provisioning (glossary) Where appropriate develop Green Infrastructure Protected farmland. Pressure on sensitive wetland habitats Strategies based on a county wide GI mapping. Regulating Lack of funding to manage and enhance GI. Plan for and manage recreational pressure on the Habitat and species resilience to climate change countryside which could be affected by the increase Need for better recreational linkages and improved Water quality and protected aquifers. in population in surrounding built up area. sustainable transport corridors. Regulating water flow and preventing flooding Identify opportunities for non-motorised water Need to complete the development of activities. Carbon sequestration Eastbourne Park Consider opportunities to create new green Cultural Consider opportunities to celebrate and interpret corridors and improve existing as safe, motor traffic Recreation the Shinewater Bronze Age settlement. free recreational routes. Heritage assets and cultural heritage Inspirational Tranquility Biodiversity

Horse Keeping (‘horsiculture’) and small holdings Horse Keeping (‘horsiculture’) and small holdings Provisioning Deterioration of the character and quality of the Enhance the condition of areas of horsiculture Grazing landscape and loss of local distinctiveness. though the restoration of an intact, well managed Regulating hedgerow network and retaining a diverse grass Can detract from historic field pattern where fences Habitat and species resilience to climate change sward by preventing overgrazing. replace hedges. Cultural Can cause soil erosion. Provide well designed and managed allotments Recreation Legitimate demand for more allotments and close to residential areas. Heritage assets management of existing Considered selection of sites for allotments and amenity facilities. Sense of Place and local distinctiveness Biodiversity

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 Current issues offering opportunities for Landscape Management Guidelines Benefits delivered by Ecosystem Services protection and enhancement for each area of interest Flood management and SUDS schemes? Flood management and SUDS schemes? Provisioning Flash floods and run off. Plan for flood management by conserving and Water conservation enhancing the flood plains and managing water Regulating levels in ditches and drains. Flood control Create new and extend existing lakes. Protection of aquifers Encourage the design of sensitive flood defence schemes which conserve and enhance the Cultural landscape and habitats Sense of Place and local distinctiveness Conserve and enhance existing man made and Amenity and recreation natural drainage features. Maximise opportunities for the creation of SUDs Biodiversity schemes which contribute to local amenity and habitat creation.

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels Eastbourne Levels 24 Glossary (also refer to the full version in the County Landscape Assessment).

ANGS: Accessible Natural Green Space Natural England – Accessible Natural Greenspace Standard (ANGSt)

Assart: Field created from the clearance of woodland

Clunch Barn: constructed of a building material composed of hardened clay or chalk marl.

Ecosystem Services: The services provided by nature which support living systems and can be evaluated.

Enclosure: The separation of land from the common by fence or private use.

GI or Green Infrastructure: Multifunctional green areas which provide areas for recreation, wildlife, water supply catchment, flood relief, food or timber production.

Local Nature Reserve: Local Nature Reserve (or LNR) is a statutory designation made under Section 21 of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, and amended by Schedule 11 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, by principal local authorities.

Ramsar sites are wetlands of international importance for biodiversity, designated under the Ramsar Convention. SNCI or Local Site: a Site of Nature Conservation Importance.

SSSI: A national designation for Site of Special Scientific Interest, these may be of biodiversity or geological significance or both.

The East Sussex County Landscape Assessment The Levels