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South Sulawesi Sociolinguistic Surveys 1983-1987

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South Sulawesi Sociolinguistic Surveys 1983-1987 WORKPAPERS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGES, AND CULlURES Volume 5 UNHAS-SIL SOUTH SULAWESI SOCIOLINGUISTIC SOIYEYS 1983-1987 THE SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS IN COOPERATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE THE SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS IN COOPERATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND~ CULTURE 1987 SOUH SULAWESI SOCIOLINGUIST1C SURVEYS 1983-1987 Timothy Friberg, Editor september 1987 TABLE 01' CONTENTS 0. FOREWORD 1. RAMPI AREA (Kabupaten Luwu) Thomas V. Laskowske 1 2. PUSl (Kabupaten Polewali-Mamasa, Northern Section) Timothy Friberg 9 3. PUS2 (Kabupaten Polewali-Mamasa, West-Central Section) Kare J. Stromme 17 4. SEKO AREA (Kabupaten Luwu) Thomas V. Laskowske, Kathryn B. Laskowske 41 5. MANDAR (Kabupaten Polewali Mamasa, Southwestern Section and Kabupaten Majene) Kare J. Stromme, Kari Valkama 59 6. MAMUJU (Kabupaten Mamuju) Kari Valkama 99 7. TORAJA (Kabupatens Pinrang, Enrekang, Tana Toraja, Luwu and Eastern part of Polewali Mamasa) Kari Valkama 119 iii FOREWORD In 1982-1983Chuck and Barbara Grimes conducted a survey of the languages of South Sulawesi which in its published version (to appear) will certainly stand as the major summary statement of the languages of this province. It is a model to follow both in its literature review and in its data gathering and analysis. Their Languages ofSouth Sulawesi, a definitive result of the cooperative agreement between Hasanuddin University and the Summer Institute of Linguistics, led to a series of further surveys of the province between 1983 and 1987, under that same working agreement, that went both deeper and farther afield than the work that inspired them. Armed with wordlists and questionnaires, members of the UNHAS-SIL cooperative agreement visited every administrative district and subdistrict and multiplied villages in a closer look at the linguistic and sociolinguistic situation of South Sulawesi. Some three hundred wordlists and scores of sociolinguistic questionnaires have considerably expanded our knowledge of the languages of the province. The present volume reports on all but two of those surveys. They are found in chronological order in the following pages. The two not reported on here are the Bugis dialect survey and the Makasar subfamily and southern islands survey. The former is summarized in "A dialect geography of Bugis" (Pacific Linguistics, to appear; the unabridged version is available on microfiche) while the latter will be included in an overview statement of what we know now (or still don't) that was not known in Grimes and Grimes, tentatively entitled "Beyond Grimes and Grimes". The survey reports of this volume are of uneven quality. While some editing has been done, the results presented here reflect a growth in our understanding of the requirements of survey in Sulawesi. 'The language relationships stated in the reports are synChronic rather than genetic, and sociOlinguistic at that. We are very interested in diachronic relationships. We expect that these reports and more specifically the word1ists they are based on will go a long way in determining those relationships. The materials we have gathered are in general available to anyone interested. We welcome individual inquiries even while we seek a vehicle for publishing our word1ists. Based on Grimes and Grimes, these survey reports and the overview statement to follow, we plan further survey at specific locations to answer questions regarding mutual intelligibility and bilingualism. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance in preparing this volume that was willingly given by Barbara Friberg, Sulawesi Program academic affairs coordinator, Anna-Leena Saikkonen, computer coordinator, and Susan Yuanta, administrative assistant. Timothy Friberg Ujung Pandang September 1987 iv P R A KAT A Dalam tahun 1982-1983 Chuck dan Barbara Grimes telah melakukan suatu survai bahasa-bahasa di daerah Sulawesi Selatan yang dalam versinya yang telah diterbitkan tentunya akan menjadi ringkasan utama bahasa-bahasa yang ada di propinsi tersebut. Survai in1 merupakan model untuk dicontohi baik dalam tinjauan literatur maupun dalam pengumpulan data dan analisisnya. Hasil nyata persetujuan kerjasama antara UNHAS dan SIL yang berupa survai bahsa-bahasa daerah Sulawesi Selatan ini telah menyebabkan adanya survai-survai lanjutan di propinsi ini dilakukan antara tahun 1983 dan 1987, yang mana masih di bawah persetujuan kerjasama UNHAS-SIL, yang berjalan lebih jauh dan mendalam dari pada pekerjaan yang telah mereka rencanakan. Dilengkapi dengan daftar-daftar kata dan kuesioner, para anggota kerjasama UNHAS-SIL mengunjungi daerah kabupaten dan kecamatan serta beberapa desa untuk melihat dari dekat keadaan linguistik dan sosiolinguistik di daerah Sulawesi Selatan. Kurang lebih 300 daftar kata dan angka-angka dari kuesioner sosiolinguistik ini benar-benar telah menambah pengetahuan para peneliti tentang bahasa-bahasa di propinsi ini. Volume ini menyajikan semua laporan, kecuali dua survai dari survai-survai terakhir. Laporan ini disusun secara kronologis pada halaman-halaman berikut. Kedua survai yang tidak dilaporkan di sini adalah survai dialek bahasa Bugis dan survai subfamili bahasa Makasar serta pUlau-pulau di bagian selatan Sulawesi. Ringkasan survai bahasa Bugis dalam "A Dialect Geography of Bugis" (akan terbit dalam Pacific~ Linguistics; versi yang lengkap tersediapada mikrofis), sedanghkan survai subfamili bahasa Makasar akan dimasukkan dalam suatu ikhtisar tentang hal-hal yang sudah ataupun belum diketahui dan juga yang belum ada dalam tulisan Grimes and Grimes yang berjudul "Beyond Grimes and Grimes". Laporan survai dalam volume ini belum begitu lengkap. Sementara beberapa pemeriksaan sudah dilakukan, hasil yang dikemukakan di sini menggambarkan suatu perkembangan dalam pemahaman peneliti tentang syarat-syarat survai di daerah Sulawesi. Hubungan-hubungan bahasa yang disampaikan dalam laporan ini lebih berbentuk sinkronis dari pada genetik dan sosiolinguistik. Kami sangat tertarik dengan hubungan-hubungan diakronis. Kami mengharap agar laporan ini v dan terlebih yang berdasarkan pada daftar-daftar kata akan membantu ~alam menentukan hUbungan-hubUngan tersebut. Bahan-bahan yang telah kami kumpulkan tersedia bagi mereka (siapa saja) yang tertarik. Sementara kami meneari sarana untuk menerbitkan daftar-daftar kami, kami menyambut permintaan perorangan. Berdasarkan tulisan Grimes and Grimes, laporan-laporan survai dan ikhtisar ini akan menyusul, kami mereneanakan survai lanjutan pada daerah-daerah tertentu untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan mengenai inteligibilitas dan dwibahasa. Kami mengueap terima kasih atas kerelaan ibu Barbara Friberg (Koordinator Bidang Akademik Program Sulawesi), nona Anna-Leena Saikkonen (koordinator Bidang Komputer) dan nona Susan Yuanta (Asisten Administrator) yang telah membantu~ dalam persiapan-persiapan volume ini. Timothy Friberg Ujung Pandang September 1987 vi UNHAS-SILSociolinguistic Survey: Rampi Area (Kabupaten Luwu) Thomas V. Laskowske INTRODUCTION The survey team made their visit to Rampi 15-24 November 1983. We visited each village presently occupied and took wordlists. In several villages sociolinguistic information was also gathered. We walked the trails from Leboni as far as Tedeboe (see map). We were told that the area from Leboni to Rato is at present abandoned and therefore we did not try to visit it. The team participants were: Francis B. Dawson, M.A. - Survey Leader Donald Barr, M.A. Eui Jung Kim, M.A. Thomas V. Laskowske, M.S. Mr. Barr came~ from Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. The other three participants came from Ujung Pandang. InNEIARY 15 November - Drove from Ujung Pandang to Palopo. Driving time 7 1/2 hours. 16 " - Met Bupati Drs Tawakkal and obtained letters to the camats of Masamba and Lembong. Drove 1 hour to Masamba. 17 " - Met with Camat H.M. Djunaid of Masamba and obtained letters to the kepala desas. Cheeked in with the police and visited the P dan K office. 18 " - The MAF plane (with Mr.~ Barr~ aboard) flew us to Onondoa, Rampi. Stayed that day and night in Onondoa. Started gathering information. 19 " - Split into two teams. Mr. Dawson and Mr. Kim (Team I) went north. Stayed overnight in Bangko. Mr. Barr and Mr. Laskowske (Team II) went south. Stayed overnight in Leboni. 20 " - Team I went to Tedeboe and spent the night. Team II returned to Onondoa. They also stopped in Su1aku to witness the installation of the new kepala kampung. 21 " - Teams I and II met in Dodolo to expedite the survey there. 22 " - Teams stayed in Onondoa evaluating the information and talking to more people. 23 " - Left Rampi for Masamba via MAF plane. Drove to Makale (3 hours) and overnighted there. 24 " - Returned to Ujung Pandang, 7 1/2 hours driving time. RAMP I 1 Map of Rampi Area RAMP I DESCRIPTION OF DAERAH RAMPI Geography (see map) Rampi lies mainly in an upland valley at an altitude of about 1000 meters. The five villages of Leboni, Sulaku, Onondoa, Meloi, and Dodolo are near the main river of Koro, which eventually becomes the Lariang. This valley is about 15 km long. The villages of Bangko and Tedeboe are separated from Dodolo and the rest of Rampi by a mountain, whose height is perhaps 400 meters above Dodolo. Bangko's elevation is higher than that of the other Rampi villages. Its nearby streams are smaller than the rivers near the other villages. Over another, smaller mountain from Bangko, Tedeboe is located on a tributary of the Koro river, joining the Koro in Central Sulawesi. The nearest group outside of Rampi is Bada, one day's walk to the north of Dodolo in Central
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