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LANGUAGE DATA Asia-Pacific Series Number 15

SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

A Barbara Friberg PL529i . Z77 UNHAS-SIL S85 Editor 1990 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Barbara Friberg UNHAS-SIL Editor

A Publication of The Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc.

in cooperation with Hasanuddin University Ujung Pandang, South Sulawesi

Dallas 1990 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS LANGUAGE DATA is a serial publication of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc. The series is intended as an outlet for data-oriented papers aut ored by members of the Institute. All volumes are issued as microfiche editions, while certain selected volumes are also printed in offset editions. A listing of available volumes will be sent on request.

ISBN 0-88312-215-4 (also microfiche AP 15, ISBN 0-88312-300-2)

p,UST RA ISSN 1040-4414 LIBRARY

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means--electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise--without the express permission of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, with the exception of brief excerpts in journal articles or reviews.

Copies of this and other publications of the Summer Institute of Linguistics may be obtained from

International Academic Bookstore Summer Institute of Lingui Camp VVisdomWisdom Road Dallas TX 75236 USA SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS Summer Institute of Linguistics

LANGUAGE DATA ASIA-PACIFIC SERIES

Publication Number 15

AUSTIN HALE PHYLLIS HEALEY DAVID THOMAS Series Editors

WILLIAM R. MERRIFIELD Editor-in-chief Academic Publications Coordinator CONTENTS

Introduction 1 Abbreviations Used 3 Map 6 1. Bob and Marilyn Busenitz: Balantak texts Preparing Sago 7 Looking for Tooth Medicine 13 2. Drs. Abdul Ghani Hali: Ledo text Marriage Proposal in the Kaili Region 23 3. Don and Sharon Barr: Da'a texts Making a Blowgun 34 The Creation of the World 38 4. Michael and Martha Martens: Uma text Barkcloth 46 5. Juha and Pirkko Christensen: Rampi text The Legend of the King's Rat Son 53 6. Tom and Kathy Laskowske: Seko texts Marriage Customs 64 Water Buffalo at Seko 69 7. Kari and Susanne Valkama: Duri texts Making Cottage Cheese 75 Massapeoq - a Duri Custom 81 8. Timothy and Barbara Friberg: Konjo texts Working the Cornfields Until the Produce is Eaten 89 Power to Make Oneself Invisibile 100 9. Bibliography 114

INTRODUCTION

1. Languages of Sulawesi

This volume presents texts from eight of the languages spoken by minority groups of South and Central Sulawesi; Balantak, Ledo, Da'a, Uma, Rampi represent the Central Sulawesi stock, while Seko, Duri and Konjo represent the South Sulawesi stock. Balantak belongs to the Saluan subfamily, and is not closely related to the other languages in this volume. Da'a and Ledo are dialects of the large Kaili language in Central Sulawesi. Uma is closely related to the Kaili language. Rampi, which shares some similarities with Uma, also belongs to the Kaili-Pamona language family. Seko seems to be quite distinct from other languages in the area but is officially grouped with the Torajan languages. Duri belongs to the large language family called northern south Sulawesi. While closely related to the Toraja sub-family, it is a member of the Massenrempulu subfamily. Konjo is officially considered a dialect of the large Makasar language. The following map gives the approximate location of these eight languages (page 6).

No matter how distinct these languages are, they demonstrate numerous similarities; the data in this volume should be useful for comparative studies. At the same time some of the more closely related languages, such as Da'a and Uma have quite different syntactic structures, showing the divergence which is possible over time or the influences from other languages of the area.

2. Notes on the Texts

This volume has been prepared by linguists in Sulawesi working in cooperation with UNHAS-SIL. The volume is presented with the hope that both linguists working with Austronesian languages and anthropologists will find the data valuable. The texts have been selected as those that give some insight into the respective cultures so that students of anthropology may use the texts as a basis for further research. The texts have been given in interlinear format so that linguists can benefit from the morphological analysis. Free translations in both English and Indonesian facilitate the use of these texts by both Indonesian and western linguists.

A great deal of effort was put into making the abbreviations used in the morpheme glosses as self-consistent as possible, so that comparative studies can be done more readily. Even so, there are different glosses for some morphemes which appear to actually have the same function in different languages. This is inevitable given the range of analysis and contact with the languages. While a few of the languages represented have been carefully analyzed over a long period of time, others have only had a cursory analysis, resulting in less differentiation or clarification of some of the more obtuse morphemes. Although the abbreviations 2 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS are all defined in a following list (pages 3-5), some of the terms will not be immediately clear because they represent functions that are not often found in languages of the world. A bibliography is appended so that those interested in further research will be able to read specific articles on a given language. As much .as possible one gloss was given for each unique morpheme; no attempt was made to give a different English meaning if it varied only due to context. The free translation serves to show how a given morpheme (seen as one semantic concept) shows semantic variation in English or Indonesian with different contexts. The free translations neither slavishly follow the original text structure, nor do they represent good discourse style in English or Indonesian. It should be clear that a compromise approach to the free translations was the only option if they were to be at all readable and yet show some structural relation to the original language texts. INTRODUCTION 3

ABBREVIATIONS USED The following list of abbreviations represents notations used to identify affixes or particles in the texts from the eight languages found in this volume. The eight columns on the left identify which language uses a particular abbreviation. Each column represents one language in the following order (the letter code for the language is capitalized in bold): B =Balantak, L = Ledo, D =Da'a, U=Uma, R=Rampi, S=Seko, I =Duri, K=Konjo.

A Absolutive (+person) URIK ADJ Adjective (/I or /R) BLD ADV Adverb D AF Actor Focus (B + person) BU AFF Affected prefix LDUS AG Agent LD AJR Adjective prefix I AST Assertive enclitic (+ person) U BEN Benefactive RSIK CAUS Causative LDSIK CAUSa Causative (adjective) K CLSR Classifier URK CMP Completive (+person) -mo BLDURSIK CMPV Completive particle K CND Conditional (if) RSI CNDNEG Conditional Negative (if not) SI CPR Comparative I CTp Count prefix SIK C1R Contrastive enclitic U DEF Definite article affix BLDIK DES Desiderative (to desire) K D1 Deictic near speaker I D2 Deictic near hearer I D3 Deictic far from both I E Ergative (+person) URIK EMP Emphatic (+ person) RSIK EMPH Emphatic Word B EXC Exclamation B F Future SIK 4 SULAWE,SI LANGUAGE TEXTS

GFnoA Goal Focus with unspecified Actor S GFwA Goal Focus with specified Actor S GF/I Goal Focus/Irrealis BLD GF/R Goal Focus/Realis BLD GP General Preposition BLDURIK

HYP Hypothetical

IMP Imperative B INC or I Incompletive (+person) BIK INS/C Intensifier/Completive B INS/I Intensifier/Incompletive B INST Instrumental Prefix S INT Intransitive BRSI INT/D /1 /R Intransitive/Derivational/Irrealis/Realis LD IR Irrealis (D&L +person) BLD

LG Ligature or Nasal Link LDUR LI Locational and Demonstrative Indicator LOC Locative suffix (in some cases BURSIK this is a transitivizer suffix)

• NB Negative/Benefactive (+person) S NEG Negative BLDURSIK NEGDES Negative Desiderative (not want) K NEGNV Negative, nonverbal K NR Nominalizer BLDURSIK NRa Nominalizer for adjective K NRp Nominalizer, person or prefix BK NRs Nominalizer suffix BRIK NVOL Nonvolitional action BIK

ORDR Ordinal

PART Discourse Particle B PASS Passive IK PI Person Identifier BDRK PL Plural (full word) BS PO Possessive (+person) BLDURSIK POSS Possessive (full word) LD PRB Prohibitive (don't) 1 PRO Pronoun (+person, full word) BLDRSIK PUR Purpose D Q Question suffix I QNs Quantifier Suffix RK INTRODUCTION 5

RE Realis B REC Reciprocal action BLSIK RED Reduplication BDI REL Relative Pronoun BLDURI RELp Relative prefix K RELs Relative suffix K REM Remaining (+person) K REP Repeated action BK RS Reported Speech IK

SEQ Sequential STV Stativeprefix IK STV/I /R Stative/Irrealis/Realis SUR Surprise particle

TRN Transitive S TRN/D Transitive Derivational LDU TRN/I /R Transitive/Irrealis/Realis LD TZa Transitivizer, adjective K

UEX Unexpected aspect B

VRi Verbalizer, intransitive BURIK VRt Verbalizer, transitive URIK VSBR Verbal subordinator

Pronouns and person markers are a combination of the following: 1 First person 2 Second person 3 Third person -s Singular -p Plural -pn Plural inclusive -yx Plural exclusive Familiar -h Honorific

Examples of how these combine follow: lpnPRO First person plural inclusive pronoun 3sPO Third person singular possessive SULAWFS1 LANGUAGE TEXTS

SULAVVESI

1. Da'a 2. Ledo. 3. Balantok 4. Uma 5. Rampi 6. Seko 7. Duri 8. Konjo BALANTAK 7

BALANTAK Balantak is a member of the Saluan subgroup of Central Sulawesi languages. It is spoken by approximately 25,000 people in Balantak subdistrict, Luwuk district, in the eastern arm of Central Sulawesi. The Balantak language is one of the tew languages in the area that has a complex system of deictics (directionals). Its morphology has similarities with other Sulawesian languages, but a three-way disunction in a number of the verbal prefixes is seen between realis, irrealis and a causative-type mode. Vowel harmony is a feature of the actor-focus verb prefix. Several pioductive infixes are found in Balantak. The pronoun system is interesting in that the nominative forms are free-form pronouns while the goal focus forms are suffixes. The possessives may be either free-forms or suffixed-forms. The two nets of suffixes (goal focus and possessive) are almost identical. The first text was orally recorded by Ramiis Baela in Dolom, April 1983. It is a procedural text describing the Balantak method of preparing sago. MOSAKUL Preparing Sago Tumbe-tumbena yaku' mangala lemba. Mantausi tumbe-tumbe-na yaku' mVng -ala lemba mVng -tausi RED- begin-DEF 1sPRO AF/I -get settling_trough AF/I-obtain lemba, wawaonkumo na tampat men bo lemba wawa -on -ku -mo na tampat men bo sett1ing_troughsettling_trough carry-GF/I-1sGF-CMP GP place REL for. posakulan. Kalaar a lembangku, po'-sakul -an kalaar a lemb -ngku NRp-pulverize_sago -NRS finished PART settling_trough-lsPO mangawawaumo w awaukon. on, mVng-wawau-mo w awaukon kalaar a wawaukon AF/I-make -CMP w ork_platform finished PART work_platform yaku' mantara'mo. yaku' mVng-tara'-mo 1sPRO AF/I-fell -CMP First of all I get a settling trough. When Pertama-tama saya mengambil bak I have the trough I take it to the place endapan. Sesudah mendapat bak for making sago. After my trough is endapan, saya membawanya ke tempat finished, I make a work platform. After membuat sagu. Selesai dengan bak the work platform is finished, I fell a endapan, saya membuat panggung tree. kerja. Selesai dengan panggung kerja, saya menebang pohon. 8 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Pokoon tara'on, yaku' muntumbeimo poko-on tara'-on yaku' mVng -tumbe-i -mo able-GF/I fel1 -GF/I 1sPRO AF/I-begin-LOC-CMP mosakul. Kolongonmo a rombia'. mo'-sakul kolong -on -mo a rombia' IR- pulverize_sago cut_in_two-GF/I-CMP PART sago_palm

Pokoon kolongon botakonmo. poko-on kolong -on botak-on -mo able-GF/I cut_in_two-GF/I split-GF/I-CMP

Pokoon botakon sakulonmo. Moko' ule'mo poko-on botak-on sakul -on -mo moko' ule' -mo able-GF/I split-GF/I pulverize_sago-GF/I-CMP able yield-CMP pensan lumandak, isiikononmo na basung ka' pensan -um-landak isi -kon-on -mo na basung ka' once VRi-tread put_in-LOC-BEN-GF/I-CMP GP back_basket and mae' landakon. Landakon banga-bangar, tubasmo; mae' landak-on landak-on banga-bangar tubas-mo go tread -GF/I tread -GF/I RED- a_while empty-CMP balo'kononmo a koroa', mae'mo na balo' -kon-on -mo a koroa' mae'-mo na throw_out-BEN-GF/I-CMP PART pulp go -CMP GP posakulan soosoodo ka' mosakul. po'-sakul -an soosoodo ka' mo'-sakul NRp-pulverize_sago-NRs again and IR- pulverize_sago

Having cut down the tree, I begin to Setelah pohon ditebang, saya mulai make sago. The sago tree is cut in two. membuat sagu. Rumbianya dipotong.. Having cut it in two, I split it. Having Setelah dipotong, dibelah. Setelah split it, the sago pith is pulverized. dibelah, isi sagu dihancurkan. Sesudah When I get enough to tread on once, I mendapat cukup untuk satu kali injak, put it in my back basket and go tread it. diisi dalam bakul dan pergi menginjak After it is tread awhile, the sago is lagi. Setelah lama diinjak, sagunya extracted, and the pulp is thrown out; keluar dan ampasnya dibuang kemudian then I go again to the place for making pergi ke tempat membuat sagu lagi, dan sago and pulverize sago pith. sagu dihancurkan, BALANTAK 9

Sakulonmo momokomo pensan, sakul -on -mo mo'-moko-mo pensan pulverize_sago-GF/I-CMP IR -able-CMP once

mae'mo landakon soosoodo. Sangilio parapaat mae'-mo landak-on soosoodo sang-ilio para -paat go -CMP tread -GF/I again One -day times-four

a pokoon landakon. Mule'konmo maalom. a poko-on landak-on mule'kon-mo maalom PART able-GF/I tread -GF/I go_back -CMP night

Ma'ulop soosoodo waatu'u na ma'- ulop soosoodo waa-tu'u na STV/I-morning again go -over_there/front GP

posakulan. Taka i ntu'u, po'-sakul -an taka i kan-tu'u NRp-pulverize_sago-NRs arrive PI LI- over_there/front sakulonmo a men nibotak sakul -on -mo a men nibotak pulverize_sago-GF/I-CMP PART REL GF/R-split rimberi'. Moko' ule'mo pensan lumandak, rimberi' moko' ule' -mo pensan -um-landak yesterday able yield-CMP once VRi-tread mae'mo landakon. mae'-mo landak-on go -CMP tread -GF/I

When I've pulverized enough sago pith Kalau dapat menghancurkan isi sagu for another time, I go tread it again. In cukup untuk sekali lagi, saya pergi one day I can tread it four times. I go menginjak lagi. Satu hari dapat saya home at night. In the morning I go melakukan empat kali. Malam hari again to the place for making sago. saya pulang. Pagi hari saya ke sana lagi, Arriving over there, I pulverize the sago ke tempat membuat sagu. Sampai di pith of what I split yesterday. When I sana, saya menghancurkan isi sagu yang get enough for one treading, I go tread dibelah kemann. Sesudah mendapat a. hasil yang cukup untuk satu kali injak, saya pergi mengmjak. 10 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Pokoon landakon tubasmo, mae'mo mansakul poko-on landak-on tubasmo mae'-mo mVng-sakul able-GF/I tread -GF/I emptv-CMP go -CM AF/I-pulverize_sagp soosoodo. Sangilio parapaat a pokdonku. soosoodo sang-ilio para-paat a poko-on -ku again one -day times-four PART able-GF/I-1sGF

Tolongiliomo a posakulanku, yaku' tolu'-ilio-mo a po'-sakul -an -ngku yaku' three-day -CMP PART NRp-pulverize_sago-NRs-1sPO 1sPRO mosalu'mo Yaku' mungusahamo kulibas mo'-salu' -mo yaku' mVng-usaha -mo kulibas IR -take_out_sago-CMP AF/I AF/I-prepare-CMP sago_container ka' montoor. Kalaarmo a kulibas, mae'mo ka' mVng-toor kalaar -mo a kulibas mae'-mo and AF/I-sew finished-CMP PART sago_container go -CMP salu'on. Taka i ntu'u na salu' -on taka i kan-tu'u na take_out_sago-GF/I a.rrive PI LI -over_there/front GP lemba, birisiionmo a kulibas, lemba birisii-on -mo a kulibas settling_trough clean -GF/I-CMP PART sago_container

ka' piision lemba, ka' piis -on a lemba drain_water-LOC-GF/I PART settling_trough Having tread and extracted the sago, Dapat diinjak sampai sagu keluar, saya [ go pulverize sago pith again. In pergi lagi menghancurkan isi sagu. Satu )ne day I can do this four times. After han dapat dibuat empat kali. Setelah making sago for three days, I take membuat sago tiga hari, saya menge- :he sago out of the settling trough. I luarkan sagu dan bak endapan. Saya )repare the sago containers and sew mengusahakan tempat sagu dan men- hem. When the sago containers are jahitnya. Sesudah bakul agu selesai isi inished I go take out the sago. Arriv- saya pergi mengeluarkan sagu. Sampai ng over there at the settling trough, the di bak endapan, bakul sagu dibersihkan, ,ago containers are cleaned, the water airnya dibuang dari bak endapan agar s drained from the settling trough, BALANTAK 11

ka' uarkonon a popurun ka' ka' uar -kon-on a popurun ka' and make_aPpear-BEN-GF/I PART sago_flour and salu'on Potandangonmo salu' -on po' -tandang -on -mo a take_out_sago-GF/I CAUS-lean_against-GF/I-CMP PART kulibas, ka' toongkonon, ka' isiion. Buke'mo kulibas ka' toong-kon-on ka' isii-on buke'-mo sago_container and tie -BEN-GF/I and fill-GF/I full -CMP a men kutoor bangar pipii, uga' a men ku -toor bangar pipii uga' PART REL 1sAF-sew several RED-howmany/much also daamo. Pokoon salu'on daa -mo poko-on salu' -on i accomplish-CMP able-GF/I take_out_sago-GF/I PI ya'a mosakulmo soosoodo. Ka' ya'a mo'-sakul -mo soosoodo ka' that IR -pulverize_sago-CMP again and mosakul weerion i ya'a lemba mo'-sakul weer - on i ya'a lemba IR -pulverize_sago water-LOC-GF/I PI that settling_trough men nisalu' umba'a. men ni' -salu' umba'a REL GF/R-take_out_sago a_bit_ago

so the sago appears and it is removed. supaya sagunya kelihatan lalu diambil. The sago contamers are set up and tied Bakul sagu disandarkan dan diikat diisi. and filled. When the several I've sewn Sesudah beberapa yang saya jahit are full, I'm through. Having removed penuh, selesailah sudah. Setelah the sago from the settling trough, I mengambil sagu dari bak endapan, saya pulverize sago pith again. And menghancurkan isi sagu sekali lagi. pulverizing sago pith, water is again put Pada waktu menghancurkan isi sagu, air into the settling trough that was diisi kembali dalam bak endapan yang emptied a bit ago. baru dikosongkan. 12 SULAWESILANGUAGETEXTS

Maamaalom mule'konmo. Ma'ulop soosoodo maamaalom mule'kon-mo ma'-ulop soosoodo evening go_back -CMP STV/I-morning again mosakul, taka na tampat sakulonmo, mo'-sakul taka na tampat sakul -on -mo IR- pulverize_sago arrive GP place pulverize_sago-GF/I-CMP sangilio parapaat. Tempo sompulo'an° a sang-ilio para-paat tempo sompulo'-an a one- day times-four time ten -NRS PART posakulan, kabusmo a rombia' men po- sakul -an kabus-mo a rombia' men NRp-pulverize_sago-NRS done -CMP PART sago_palm REL sakulon. Salu'onmo a popurun sakul -on salu' -on -mo a popurun pulverize_sago-GF/I take_out_sago-GF/I-CMP PART sago_flour men nisakul. Putu'mo men ni' -sakul putu' -mo a REL GF/R-pulverize sago finish-CMP PART posakulan, siapkononmo ka' naa'on po -sakul -an siap -kon-on -mo ka' naa' -on NRp-pulverize_sago-NRS ready-BEN-GF/I-CMP and store-GF/I a popurun, ka' totobo'on a lemba, a popurun ka' totobo' -on a lemba PART sago_flour and put_away-GF/I PART settling_trough aa daamo a posakulan. aa daa -mo a po'-sakul -an EXC accomplish-CMP PART NRp-pulverize_sago-NRs

In the evening I go home. In the Hampir malam, saya pulang. Pagi hari morning, I pulverize sago pith again; dihancurkan isi sagu lagi; tiba di tempat, arriving at the place, I pulverize sago, isi sagu dihancurkan empat kali dalam four times a day. After making sago for satu hari. Setelah menghancurkan isi ten days, the sago tree that I'm working sagu selama sepuluh hari, rumbia yang on is completed. The sago flour that dikerjakan selesai. Tepung sagu yang has been processed is taken out. When dikerjakan diambil. Kalau selesai the sago-making is finished, the sago is membuat sagu, sagunya disiapkan dan prepared and stored, and the settling disimpan, bak endapan disimpan juga. trough is put away; BALANTAK 13

Jadi cara mosakul na Balantak tongko' koi jadi cara mo'-sakul na Balantak tongko' koi so way IR- pulverize_sago GP Balantak only like ya'a. ya'a that yes, then sago-making is completed. Begitulah cara membuat sagu di That then is the way sago is made in Balantak. Balantak.

The second text was written by Agus Biathan, April 1983. It is a simple narrative text describing one man's experience of a toothache and how he went out and found various traditional medicines to cure it.

MANSARAK PAKULI'NA WESE' Looking for tooth medicine

Ka'ita'-ita ia takai napolos a wese' i ka'ita'ita ia taka na'- polos a vese' recently 3sPRO arrive-LOC STV/R-painful PART tooth PI yaku'. Napolos tuu' kusuri. Alia yaku' na'- polos tuu' kusuri alia 1sPRO STV/R-painful very 1sPRO-feel fearful PART mangilu'na. mVng -ilu'-na AF/I -ache -DEF

Recently I got a toothache. I felt very Baru-baru ini saya sakit gigi. Saya much in pain. The aching was fearful. merasa sakit sekali. Bukan main sakitnya. 14 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Kosian sida montoorongor i roaale'e kosian sida mVng-tong-rongor i ro'o-waa -le'e is not can AF/I-NVOL-hear PI down-going_overthere mian mompoogeges lambangan. Mangilu' uga, mian mVng-poo'-geges lambangan mVng-ilu' uga' person AF/I-REC- rub bamboo_pipe AF/I-ache also tuu'namo. Tonginau, i yaku' isian mba'a tuu'-namo tong-inau' i yaku' isian mba'a very-INS/C NVOL-remember PI 1sPRO there_is like_that pakuli'na wese'. Rae' pansarak i yaku' pakuli'na. pakuli' -na wese' rae' pVng-sarak i yaku' pakuli' -na medicine-DEF tooth go CAUS-look_for PI 1sPRO medicine-DEF

Nganga'ku uga' turo-turo' a nggeaak na tanga'na nganga'-ngku uga' turo-turo' a nggeaak na tanga'-na mouth -1sPO also RED- drip_down PART saliva GP middle-DEF bendar. Pomootuusikon bendar pVng -poo' -tuus -kon main road IMP -REC- follow_(several_paths)-LOC-BEN pakuli'na. Daa mba'a, taena minti-minti'i, mbase pakuli' -na daa mba'a tae-na minti-minti'i mbase medicine-DEF is like_that say-DEF RED -elders EMPH karaaya'a berengketan, mbase daa pakuli'na wese'. ka-raa-ya'a berengketan mbase daa pakuli' -na wese' LI-PL -that type_of_grass EMPH is medicine-DEF tooth

It hurt so much that I could not even Begitu sakit hingga saya tidak bisa stand to hear people down there below tahan mendengar orang dari bawah ke rubbing bamboo pipes together. It sana menggesek buluh sumpit. Benar- really ached very much. A11 of a sudden benar sakit. Kebetulan saya mengingat I remembered--there is medicine for ada obat untuk sakit gigi. Saya teeth. I made myself go look for memaksakan diri mencari obatnya. Di medicine. Saliva was running down my tengah jalan air ludah menetes dari mouth as I walked along the main road. mulut saya. Saya memaksa diri untuk I sent myself back and forth down ke beberapa tempat mencari obat. Kata several paths looking for the medicine. orang tua, rumput "berengketan" ampuh The elders say that indeed untuk obat sakit gigi. "berengketan" grass is medicine for toothache. BALANTAK 15

Kutuusmo ra'amari ku- tuus -mo ra'a-mari 1sPRO-follow_(several_paths)-CMP up -from_there_here mansarak berengketan. Pantausi berengketan, mVng-sarak berengketan pVng-tausi berengketan AF/I-look_for type_of_grass VSBR-obtain type_of_grass kububutmo ka' ni'ala. Nomae'mo liu-liu, ku- bubut -mo ka' ni'-ala no' -mae-mo liu-liu 1sPRO-pull_up-CMP and GF/R-get RE- go -CMP RED-straight_on dauga' mba'a isian turangna soosoodo. Kurae' dauga' mba'a isian turang-na soosoodo kurae' yet like that there is add -DEF again 1sPRO-go pingkaisolo' na intuna nuur. Waaro'omo pVng -kai -solo' na intu -na nuur waa-ro'o-mo CAUS -REP-enter GP underneath-DEF coconut go -down-CMP mansarak na sansangan. Olan kulengoki mVng-sarak na sansang-an olan ku- lengok -i AF/I-look_for GP gully -NRs suddenly 1sPRO-peer_down-LOC koi ndo'o, Rae-rae'mo i yaku'. Bee, koi kan-do'o rae-rae'-mo i yaku' bee like LI -down_there RED-go -CMP PI 1sPRO EXC torumpakmo tanga' iloa', siasiannapo nantausi. tong-rumpak-mo tanga' iloa' sia-sian-napo nVng -tausi NVOL-got -CMP middle day RED-NEG -INS/I AF/R -obtain

I followed several different paths from Saya ke sana ke mari mencari rumput up there to here looking for that 'berengketan" itu. Sesudah mendapat "berengketan" grass. After finding that rumput "berengketan" itu, saya cabut "berengketan" grass, I pulled it up and dan mengambilnya. Saya pergi lagi took it. I went straight on again and untuk mencari rumput itu. Beberapa there was still more [grass]. I went in kali saya berjalan di bawah pohon several times underneath the coconut kelapa. Saya turun dan mencari di tree. I went down there and looked for aliran air. Tiba-tiba saya melihat it in the gully. Suddenly I peered down rumput seperti itu di bawah. Saya and saw some [grass] like that down berjalan terus. Aduh, sudah tengah han there. I continued going on. Goodness, dan saya belum mendapat itu! it has gotten to be midday and I still haven't gotten it! 16 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Kurae' soosoodo. Kupingiliu sa'angu, ku- ras' soosoodo ku- pVng-liu sa'angu' 1sPRO-go again IsPRO-CAUS-straight_on one sansangan. Olan kulengoki koi sansang-an olan ku- lengok -i koi gully -NRs suddenly 1sPRO-peer_down-LOC like ndo'o na sansangan, isian nuur tambu-tambun kan-do'o na sansang-an isian nuur tambu-tambun LI- down_there GP gully -NRs there_is coconut RED -group noko rudus. Yaku' ala bibiti kasee ka' kosianta noko rudus yaku' ala bibit-i kasee ka' kosianta after separate 1stPRO get hold -LOC but and there_is_not bakoko', somo nitutugi. Bibiti' pokela kutung. bakoko' somo ni'- tutuk bibit-i pokela kutung machete only GF/R-hammer-LOC hold -LOC place first

Daa nipoko pokelamo, sa'ui. Kuparereimo. daa ni'- poko pokela-mo sa'u ku- parerei-mo accomplish GF/R-able place -CMP cover-LOC IsPRO-leave -CMP

Akon taengku' bo dolo'onku kalu akon tae-ngku' bo dolo'-on -ku kalu in_my_thoughts say-lsPO for get -GF/I-1sGF if mantausimo i ya'a pakuli'. mVng-tausi -mo i ya'a pakuli' AF/I-obtain-CMP PI that medicine

I went on again. I continued on through Saya melanjutkan perjalanan. Saya ber- one gully. Suddenly I peered down jalan terus sepaniang aliran air. Tiba- there in the gully and it looked as if tiba saya mehhat ke bawah di aliran air there were coconuts piled up after itu kelihatannya seperti ada tumpukan they'd fallen down. I was going to make kelapa karena jatuh. Saya hendak a handle for the coconuts, but there was membuat tempat pegangan untuk no machete so I just had to hammer kelapa itu, akan tetapi tidak ada parang [with something like a rock] a handle maka saya hanya memalu [dengan se- out. After having made a handle I put suatu seperti batu] untuk membuat the coconuts down. After I had put pegangan itu. Sesudah pegangan itu di- them down, I covered them. I left [that buat, kelapa saya letakkan. Sesudah di- place]. In my thoughts I said to myself letakkan, ditutupi. Saya meninggalkan that I will come back and get them if I [tempat itu]. Dalam pikiran saya find the medicine. mengatakan bahwa kelapa itu akan saya amhil kalau saya sudah mendapat obat. BALANTAK 17

Rae-rae'mo yaku'; rae-rae'mo rae-rae'-mo i yaku, rae-rae'-mo RED-go -CMP PI 1sPRO RED-go -CMP momootuusikon. Pantausi mVng-poo-tuus -kon pVng-tausi AF/I-REC-follow_(several_paths)-LOC-BEN VSBR-obtain

kabal bo epet, yaku' pupumo. Ni'inti'imo kabal bo epet yaku' pupu-mo ni'-inti'i-mo i kind_of_grass for compress 1sPRO pick-CMP GF/R-know -CMP PI

ya'a rua'mo pakuli' a kurumpaki, berengketan ya'a rua'-mo pakuli' a ku- rumpak-i berengketan that two -CMP medicine PART 1sPRO-got -LOC type_of_grass

tia kabal. Kutimpung, wawa dauga'na tia kabal kutimpung wawa dauga'-na with kind_of_grass 1sPRO-held_together carry yet -DEF

mansarak soosoodo. Kada' daa sulano totolu' daa mVng-sarak soosoodo kada' daa sulano totolu' daa AF/I-look_for again so that is happiness third is

notolungkalianganmo. Kububutmo a mintu' no'-tolu'-kaliangan-mo ku- bubut -mo a mintu' RE -three-kinds -CMP 1sPRO-pull_up-CMP PART kind_of_vine

bo pangalaan wakatna. Yaku' nomule'konmo. bo pVng-ala-an wakat-na yaku' no'-mule'kon-mo for NR- get-NRs root -DEF 1sPRO RE -return- CMP

I continued on searching for [the Saya terus mencari [obat] ke sana ke medicine] back and forth here and mari. Kemudian saya mendapat rumput there. I found "kabal" grass to use to "kabal" yang dipakai untuk me- make a compress, and I picked it. Now ngompres, dan saya petik. Saya sudah I kfiew that I'd already gotten two kinds mendapat dua macam obat, yaitu of medicine--'berengketan" grass and rumput "berengketad dan rumput "kabal" 'grass. I held them both "kabal". Saya pegang kedua-duanya, together, carrying them as I went on sambil saya masih mencari [obat] lagi. again still looking [for medicine]. This Ini agar supaya nanti saya bergembira was so that later I would have happiness mendapat yang ketiga, berarti tiga in getting the third one--that is, three macam semuanya. Kemudian saya kinds in all. I pulled up a "mintu'" vine mencabut tumbuhan "mintu'" untuk in order to get the root. I went back. mengambil akarnya. Saya pulang. 18 SULAWES1 LANGUAGE TE7CIS

Daa notolungkalianganmo a kurumpaki. daa no'-tolu'-kaliangan-mo a ku- rumpak-i accomplish RE- three-kinds -CMP PART 1sPRO-got -LOC

Wawa-wawamo i yaku' kasee ka' no'oloamo tuu' a wawa-wawa -mo i yaku' kasee ka' no'-oloa-mo tuu' a RED- carry-CMP PI 1sPRO but and RE- far -CMP very PART nomae'anku. Ku'ule'kon i ntu'u na no'-mae'-an -ngku ku- ule'kon i kan-tu'u na RE- go -NRs-1sPO 1sPRO-return PI LI -overthere/front GP salanku koi umba'a. Kurumpaki salan-ngku koi umba'a ku- rumpak-i path -1sPO like a_bit_ago 1sPRO-got -LOC waalele'emari, daa waale'e -le'e -mari daa going_over_there-over_there-from_there_here is ingkarat ma'osa nimbolo' na ingkarat ma'osa ning- bolo' na a_grass_with_thorns many INT/R-enter_(a_hole) GP pe'eas. Yaku' tausimo a salanku koi pe'eas yaku' tausi -mo a salan-ngku koi type_of_tall_grass 1sPRO obtain-CMP PART path -1sPO like umba'a. Kutuusmo a naa'ku umba'a ku- tuus -mo a naa' -ngku a_bit_ago 1sPRO-follow_(several_paths)-CMP PART store-lsPO nuur ka' nisarak. nuur ka' ni'- sarak Coconut and GF/R-look_for

I had gotten three kinds already. I Saya sudah mendapat tiga macam obat. carried it on and on; indeed it was a Saya membawa obat itu berjalan terus; very long way that I had gone. I karena memang jauh sekali saya pergi [wanted to] go back to my path out tadi. Saya [mau] kembali ke jalan yang there that I had used a while ago. I saya lewati tadi. Saya ke sana ke man; went back and forth from there to here; ada banyak rumput yang berduri there was a lot of grass with thorns bercampur dengan alang-alang. Saya coming up through the tall grass. I sudah dapat jalan yang saya lalui tadi. found my path from before. I followed Saya mengikuti jalan itu dan mencari it and looked for the place where I had tempat kelapaku. stored my coconuts. BALANTAK 19

Daa, kurumpakimo na sansangan. Nansarakmo daa ku- rumpak-i -mo na sansang-an nVng-sarak -mo is 1sPRO-got -LOC -CMP GP gully -NRs AF/R -look for-CMP

bo tangkungan, somo nangala balaang bo tangkung -an somo nVng-ala balaang for carrying_pole-NRs only AF/R-get large_leaf_stem

makangkung ka' namato'. Ka' kosian bakoko' somo ma'- kangkung ka' nVng-pato' ka' kosian bakoko' somo STV/I-dry and AF/R-break and is_not machete only

kupato' a balaang, ala tangkung a kupato' a balaang ala tangkung a 1sPRO-break PART large_leaf_stem get carrying_pole PART

nuurku. Rae-rae'mo yaku'. Daa wese' surionku nuur -ngku rae-rae'-mo yaku' daa wese' suri-on -ku .coconut-lsPO RED-go -CMP 1sPRO is tooth feel-GF/I-lsGF

mapolos, daa makaras. Ee, sian surionku ma'- polos daa ma'- karas ee sian suri-on -ku STV/I-painfu1 is STV/I-hot EXC NEG feel-GF/I-1sGF

marepa'. See ndaa-ndaa'a surionku daa ma'- repa' kaseendaa-ndaa'a suri-on -ku daa STV/I-difficult but RED -place_up_there feel-GF/I-1sGF is

malalapmo a polosna men koi umba'aan. ma'- lalapi -mo a polos -na men koi umba'aan STV/I-decrease-CMP PART painful-DEF REL like a_while_ago

There it was, I found it in the gully. I Sesudah itu saya melewati aliran air. looked for something to use for a Saya mencari sesuatu untuk dipakai carrying pole and only found a stem of a sebagai pikulan. Tetapi tidak ada dan large dry leaf which I then broke off. yang ada hanya tangkat daun besar yang Since there was no machete there was sudah kering. Maka terpaksa saya nothing to do but break off the stem of patahkan tangkai daunnya yang besar a big leaf and use it for a carrying pole itu untuk dipakai memikul kelapa. Saya for my coconuts. I kept on going. My berjalan terus. Gigi saya rasanya sakit tooth ached and was hot. No, [it more dan panas. Aduh, saya rasa payah than just ached,] I felt terrible. But as I sekah. Tetapi, sambil saya berjalan continued on up there I felt the aching terus ke atas, saya merasa sakitnya was lessening from what it had been a sudah berkurang sedikit dari pertama. while ago. 20 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TExTs

Aa tamban uga', bee, lumele tia lolu'ku. aa tamban uga' bee lele -um- tia lolu'-ngku EXC even more also EXC stream-INT with tear -1sPO

Surionku tagu-tagumail a asi, suri-on -ku tagu-tagumail a asi feel-GF/I-1sGF RED -heavy_with_swelling PART cheek

nobangkak. See daa nungurumpakmo po'epet. Wawa no'-bangkak kasee daa nVng-rumpak-mo po'-epet wawa RE- swell but is AF/R-got -CMP NR- compress carry

taka laigan, ku'ala oso'i ya'a rombung. taka laigan ku'- ala oso'i ya'a rombung arrive house 1sPRO-get wash that traditional medicine

noko oso'i, ku'ala Daa sanggiran bo daa noko oso'i ku'- ala a sang-giran bo accomplish after wash 1sPRO-get PART one- part for

epet, sanggiran nibunsang bo pimumuron. Noko epet sang-giran ni'- bunsang bo pimumur -on noko compress one- part GF/R-trivet fo r rinse_mouth-GF/I after

daa poo'epetikon a bangkakna, kasi daa poo'-epet -i -kon a bangkak-na kasi accomplish REC -compress-LOC-BEN PAR T swell -DEF then

ni'panasi i ya'a tarana bino kupimumur. ni'-panas-i i ya'a tara -na bino kupimumur GF/R-hot -LOC PI that remainder-DEF for 1sPRO-rinse_mouth

Oh, as it got even worse tears streamed Ternyata malah bertambah, air mata from my eyes! I felt as if my cheek was mengalir dari mataku! Saya rasa seperti heavy from the swelling. However, I pipi saya berat karena bukan main, had already gotten something with bengkak. Tetapi saya sudah dapat which to make a compress for it. I sesuatu untuk mengompresnya. Saya carried it to the house and washed that membawa [obat-obatan ituj ke rumah traditional medicine. After it was dan mencuci obat traditional itu. washed I took a portion of it to use in a Sesudah dicuci, saya mengambil compress and a portion of it to to make sebagian untuk mengompres dan a mouthwash for myself. After applying sebagian untuk dipakai sebagai obat compresses to the swollen area several kumur. Saya mengompres bagian yang times, I then heated the remainder of bengkak beberapa kali, baru saya that to be used as a mouthwash. memanaskan sisa [obat itu] untuk dipakai sebagai obat BALANTAK 21

Noko daa kupimumur, tongko' malom, daa noko daa kupimumur tongko' malom daa after is .1sPRO-rinse_mouth only night is

nombuulomo. Kusuri sianmo mune, no'-mbuulo -mo kusuri sian-mo mune, RE- beginning_to_get_better-CMP 1sPRO-feel NEG- CMP also

napolos tuu'. Malom i ya'a daa ninsidamo na'- polos tuu' malom i ya'a daa nVng-sida-mo STV/R-painful very night PI that accomplish AF/R-can -CMP

noroyot i yaku'. Tongko' ma'ulop kusuri no'-royot i yaku' tongko' ma'- ulop kusuri RE- sleep PI 1sPRO only STV/I-morning 1sPRO-feel

loing a polosna. Sianmo boo dodoa tuu'. Aa loing a polos -na sian-mo boo dodoa tuu, aa light PART painful-DEF NEG- CMP will serious very EXC

pataka i ya'a, daa sianmo napolos tuu', pa' -taka i ya'a daa sian-mo na'- polos tuu' VSBR-arrive PI that is NEG- CMP STV/R-painful very

kasee olan kusuri mbaa daa korupu na kasee olan kusuri mbaa daa ko'-rupu na but suddenly 1sPRO-feel truly is UEX-separate GP

untupku. Somo ni'ala a mongkitaan paresa. untup -ngku somo ni'- ala a mongkitaan paresa front_tooth-lsPO only GF/R-get PART mirror check

After I rinsed my mouth [with that Saya berkumur. Baru malam, sakitnya medicine] it was already dark and my mulai berkurang, sehingga tidak terlalu toothache was beginning to get better. sakit lagi. Malam itu saya sudah bisa It felt as if it weren't so very sore any tidur. Paginya saya merasa sudah more. That evening I could sleep once ringan sakitnya. Sudah tidak seberat again. Only in the morning I felt the dulu lagi. Sejak itu tidak merasa sakit ache was better. It will no longer be as sekali, tetapi tiba-tiba saya merasa salah serious as before. Since that time it no satu gigi muka/seri terlepas. Saya longer really ached but suddenly I felt mengambil cermin dan memeriksanya. as if truly my front tooth had come out! I went and got a mirror to check it. 22 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Ola-olan piniile' noko rongangmo a wese'ku ola-olan piile'-in- noko rongang-mo a wese'-ngku RED-suddenly see -GF/R after hole -CMP PART tooth-lsPO na untup, kusuri. Taengku', kani'i i yaku' a na untup kusuri tae-ngku° kani'i i yaku' a GP front_tocth 1sPRO-fee1 say-lsPO this PI 1sPRO PART daa somo koi upa noko rongangmo a wese', kasee ka' daa somo koi upa noko rongang-mo a wese' kasee ka' is only like what after hole -CMP PART tooth but and kosian bo pombolosi. Tongko' koi ya'a . Ngaanku kosian bo pVng-bolos tongko' koi ya'a ngaan-ngku is_not for NR/I-change-LOC only like that name -1sPO ai Agus Biathan. a_ Agus Biathan PART-PI Agus Biathan

I felt it and suddenly I saw there was a Saya merabanya dan tiba-tiba saya hole in my teeth. I said, "What am I melihat ada lobang di gigi-gigi saya. supposed to do now because my tooth is Saya berkata, "Apa yang harus saya missing and I don't have anything for a lakukan, gigiku satu sudah tanggal replacement." That's all. My name is tetapi saya tidak mempunyai sesuatu Agus Biathan. , untuk menggantinya." Begitulah yang dapat saya ceritakan. Nama saya Agus Biathan. LEDO 23

LEDO

Ledo, spoken by approximately 130,000 people, is the major dialect of the large Kaili language located in the Palu area of Central Sulawesi. Except for minor differences, Ledo and Da'a share the sarne morphology; thus an attempt was made to use the same terminology for the text glosses.

The following text was prepared by Drs. Abdul Ghani Hali, M.A., Pembantu Dekan I, FKIP, UNTAD, and lecturer in English and Linguistics at UNTAD, from an oral text given by Bapak Tayeb Hi Moeda from Kelurahan Baru, Palu City. It is an expository text describing the marriage proposal among the Ledo-speaking Kaili people. Kaili people living around the Palu valley and in subdistricts of Biromaru, Dolo, Tawaeli and Parigi m Donggala district still frequently use this system. The influence of South Sulawesi traditions is inevitable and, along with modern trends, have affected the system, so that nowadays most parents agree to the marriage of their sons or daughters if they had previously made a commitment to each other.

PEDUTA RI TANA KAILI Marriage Proposal in the Kaili Region Poberei ri tana Kaili kana nipamula nte peduta. po-berei ri tana Kaili kana nipamula nte pe-duta NR-spouse GP region Kaili must GF/R-begin with NR-propose Langgai nompaduta mombine. Posimpeduta langgai nom- pa- duta mombine po-si- m- pe-duta man TRN/R-TRN/D-propose woman NR-REC-LG-NR-propose ledo dako ri potengea. Biasana kabilasa nte ledo dako ri po-tenge -a biasa-na kabilasa nte NEG from GP NR-engaged-NR usual-DEF unmarried_man and randaa dopa nosisani. randaa dopa no- si- sani unmarried_woman not_yet INT/R-REC-know

Marriage in the Kaili region must be Perkawinan di daerah Kaili harus initiated through a proposal. The man dimulai dengan lamaran. Laki-laki proposes to the woman. A marriage melamar perempuan. Lamaran tidak proposal does not originate from two berasal dari dua orang yang sudah people who know each other. Usually saling mengenal. Biasanya laki-laki dan the man and woman do not yet know perempuan itu belum saling mengenal. each other. 24 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Ane nabalegomo mamalamo moberei. ane na- halego-mo mamala-mo moberei if ADJ/R-of_age-CMP INT/I-may -CMP INT/I-spouse

Ana langgai nangulika totuana; ana langgai nanguli-ka totua-na offspring man TRN/R-say-to person-old-3sPO

iya madota moberei apa nabalegomo. iya madota moberei apa na- balego-mo 3sPRO INT/I-want INT/I-spouse because ADJ/R-of_age-CMP

Perapi nu ana nijoko ntotua. pe-rapi nu ana nijoko n- to -tua NR-request POSS offspring GF/R-accept AG-person-old

Totuana nerapi tulungi ante tona totua-na nerapi tulungi ante tona person-old-3sPO INT/R-request help from person

nipoimbi ri rara ngata, hau manggeni ni- po- imbi ri rara ngata hau maN- keni GF/R-TRN/D-respect GP - village go TRN/I-take

haja ka totua nu mombine. haja ka totua nu mombine desire to person-old POSS woman

If they are of age they may get married. Jika mereka telah cukup umur, mereka The son says to his parents, he wants to boleh menikah. Seorang anak laki-laki get married because he is already of berkata kepada orang tuanya bahwa ia age. The son's request is agreed to by mau menikah karena dia• sudah cukup his parents. His parents ask assistance umur. Permintaan anak laki-laki itu ch- from a respected person in the village to terima oleh orang tuanya. Orang go express the desire [of their son] to tuanya meminta tolong pada seseorang the parents of the girl. yang disegani di kampung itu untuk menyampaikan keinginan [anak mereka] kepada orang tua perempuan. LEDO 25

Mombine nihaja biasana dopa nisani; tapi mombine nihaja biasa-na dopa nisani tapi woman GF/R-desire usual-DEF not_yet GF/R-know but

naria muni nisanimo, eva sarara totua naria muni nisani-mo eva sarara totua INT/R-be also GF/R-know-CMP such_as relative person-old

nu langgai. Tona ratudu niulikamo hau nu langgai tona ratudu niuli-ka-mo hau POSS man person GF/I-send GF/R-say-to-CMP go

mosinggavaka totua nu mombine. Haja mo- si- N- kava-ka totua nu mombine haja INT/I-REC-LG-meet-with person-old POSS woman desire

nikenimo. Nakava ri banua ntotua nu ni- keni-mo nakava ri banua n- totua nu GF/R-take-CMP INT/R-arrive GP house POSS-person-old POSS

mombine, niulimo jarita, "Nabalegomo mombine niuli-mo jarita na- balego-mo woman GF/R -say -CMP talk ADJ/R-of_age-CMP

anamiu? Ane nabalegomo nariamo tupuna?" ana -miu ane na- balego-mo naria-mo tupu -na offspring-2hPO if ADJ/R-of_age-CMP INT/R-be -CMP owner-3sPO

The girl who is desired usually is not Perempuan yang diinginkan biasanya acquainted [with the boy]; but there are belum dikenal [oleh anak laki-laki itu]; also [some] who are acquainted [with tetapi ada juga yang sudah dikenal, the boy], such as relatives of the boy's misalnya kerabat dan keluarga orang parents. The person sent is instructed tua laki-laki. Orang yang diutus diminta to go meet with theparents of the girl. untuk pergi menemui orang tua The [boy's] desire [to be married] is perempuan. Keinginan [anak laki-laki expressed [to the girl's parents]. When itu untuk merukah] disampaikan he arrives at the house of the girl's [kepada orang tua perempuan]. Ketika parents, [the one sent] says, "Is your tiba di rumah orang tua perempuan, daughter already grown up? If she is berkatalah utusan itu, "Sudah grown up, does she already have a dewasakah anakmu? Kalau telah suitor?" dewasa, apakah sudah mempunyai pasangan?"

26 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Nesana totua nu mombine, nesana totua nu mombine INT/R-answer person-old POSS woman

"Nabalegomo ana kami. na- balego-mo ana kami ADJ/R-of_age-CMP offspring lpxPO

tano haja?" "Ane dopa ria Naria naria tano haja ane dopa ria INT/R-be - SUR desire if not_yet be

tupuna, mamala rapoposialaka tupu -na mamala rapo- po- si- ala -ka owner-3sPO INT/I-may GF/I-CAUS-TRN/D-REC-take--

ante ana ntupu nu haja?" ante ana n- tupu nu haja with offspring POSS-owner POSS desire

Dopa ria tupuna." Pesana ntotua dopa ria tupu -na pe-sana n- totua not_yet be owner-3sPO NR-answer POSS-person-old

nu mombine hai batuana nombajokomakamo nu mombine hai batuana nomba-joko -maka -mo POSS woman that meaning TRN/R-accept-TRN/D-CMP

haja. Naupu hai notinggulimo tona haja naupu hai no- tingguli-mo tona desire INT/R-finish that INT/R-return -CMP person

nitudu. nitudu GF/R-send

The girl's parents answer, "Our Orang tua perempuan menjawab, "Anak daughter is already grown u. Oh, have [perempuan] kami telah dewasa. you brought a proposal?" "If she does Apakah kamu akan melamarnya?" not have a suitor yet, may she be "Kalau belum ada yang melamar, married to the son of the one making bolehkah dia dikawinkan dengan anak the proposal?" "She does not yet have a kami?" "Dia belum mempunyai suitor." The meaning of the girl's par- pasangan." Jawaban orang tua ents' answer is that they accept the perempuan itu menunjukkan proposal. After that the person sent kesediaannya menerima lamaran. returns h ome. Setelah itu utusan itu pulang. LEDO 17

Napara pangane hiya, nipasiayumo peduta. napara pangane hiya ni- pasiayu-mo pe-duta ADJ/R-long_time before that GF/R-arrange-CMP NR-propose Nitudu vai suro, biasana nadea tona hau nitudu vai suro biasa-na nadea tona hau GF/R-send again messenger usual-DEF ADJ/R-many person go neduta. Topeduta biasana totua nu neduta to- pe-duta biasa-na totua nu INT/R-propose person-NR-propose usual-DEF person-old POSS ada ante tona nipoimbi ri rara ngata. ada ante tona ni- po- - imbi ri rara ngata tradition and person GF/R-TRN/D-respect GP - village Topeduta hai nanggeni sambulu garo ante sinji to- pe-duta hai naN- keni sambulu garo ante sinji person-NR-propose that TRN/R-take betel scatter and ring samata. Sambulu garo hai nadea ngayana: samata sambulu garo hai nadea ngaya-na: one-metal_objects betel scatter that ADJ/R-many kind -DEF pangana, baulu, tagambe, ante posugi. Sinji pangana baulu tagambe ante po-sugi sinji betel_nut betel_vine gambier and NR-tobacco_quid ring nipake pombeka nganga. nipake pom-beka nganga GF/R-use NR -open mouth

Not long after that, the arrangements Tidak lama setelah itu, rencana lamaran for the proposal are made. The dibuat. Utusan dikirim kembali, biasa- messenger is sent again, usually there nya disertai banyak orang yang pergi are several people who go take the melamar. Mereka biasanya terdin dari proposal. The ones proposing are ketua adat dan orang-orang yang usually the traditional leader and disegani di kampung. Pelamar-pelamar [other] respected pebple from the itu membawa persyaratan adat lamaran village. The ones taking the proposal dan sebuah cincm. [Sambulu garo take betel nut and a ring. [Sambulu berarti, setelah mereka bertemu mereka garo signifies that after meeting they akan berpisah, berpencar dan ikuti jalan will separate, scatter, and go separate masing-masing.] Persyaratan adat ways.] The betel nut preparations are lamaran itu bermacam-macam: pinang, of many kinds; betel nut, betel vine, sirih, gambir dan sugi. Cincin menjadi gambier, and tobacco quid. The ring is topik untuk memulai pembicaraan. used to open the discussion. 28 SULAWESILANGUAGETTXTS

Nakava ri banua totua nu mombine nakava ri banua totua nu mombine INT/R-arrive GP house person-old POSS woman nitarimamo topeduta. Ledo aga totua nu ni- tarima -mo to- pe-duta ledo aga totua nu GF/R-welcome-CMP person-NR-propose NEG only person-old POSS mombine nantarima torata, tona ntanina muni. mombine nantarima torata tona ntanina muni woman TRN/R-welcome guest person other also Nibukamo sambulu. Nojaritamo pabisara: "Hiimo ni- buka-mo sambulu no- jarita-mo pa-bisara: hii -mo GF/R-open-CMP betel INT/R-talk -CMP NR-talk this-CMP haja kami." Nialamo ntupu banua baulu haja kami niala -mo n- tupu banua baulu desire lpxPO GF/R-take-CMP AG-owner house betel_vine sanggoya pade nipangana. Baulu nipanga saN-koya pade nipanga-na baulu nipanga one-finger then GF/R-chew -3sRE betel_vine GF/R-chew nirapaka kasintuvu nantarima haja ni- rapa -ka ka-si- n- tuvu nantarima haja GF/R-illustrate-- NR-REC-LG-live TRN/R-receive desire ntorata. "Raulimo haja." n- torata ra- uli-mo haja POSS-guest GF/I-say-CMP desire

When the ones taking the proposal Ketika rombongan pelamar tiba di arrive at the house of the girl's parents, rumah orang tua perempuan, mereka they are welcomed. It is not only the disambut. Bukan hanya orang tua parents of the girl who welcome the perempuan yang menyambut tamu, te- guests, but other people too. The betel tapi orang juga. Persyaratan is opened. The spokesman says, "This is lamaran dibuka dan berkatalah juru bi- our marriage proposal." The represen- cara, "Inilah lamaran kami." Orang tative of the girl's family takes one betel yang mewakili keluarga perempuan vine and then chews it. The betel vine mengambil sebiji sirih lalu dikunyahnya. that is chewed signifies the agreement Sirih yang dikunyah menandakan [of the girl's family] to accept the persetujuan dari pihak perempuan proposal brought by the guests. "l'ell untuk menerima lamaran [yang [us] your proposal." disampaikan] oleh para tamu "Katakanlah lamaranmu." LEDO 29

Vesiamo jarita ntopompanga vesia -mo jarita n- to- pom-panga like_that-CMP talk POSS-person-NR -chew

baulu. Nisuvurakamo sinji eva baulu ni- suvu-raka -mo sinji eva betel_vine GF/R-exit-TRN/D-CMP ring as

pombeka nganga. Nojaritamo pabisara pom-beka nganga no- jarita-mo pa-bisara NR- open mouth INT/R-talk -CMP NR-talk

dako ri totua nu langgai. Niulimo dako ri totua nu langgai niuli-mo from GP person-old POSS man GF/R-say-CMP haja. Haja biasana nijalili. Nadea haja haja biasa-na nijalili nadea desire desire usual-DEF GF/R-riddle ADJ/R-many ngayana jalili. Mombine niduta biasana ngaya-na jalili mombine niduta biasa-na kind -DEF riddle woman GF/R-propose usual-DEF nirapaka bunga, tarata, pouru nu ni- rapa -ka bunga tarata po-uru nu GF/R-compared-with flower hen_roost NR-perch POSS manu. manu chicken

That is the talk of the one who chews Begitulah berkata orang yang the betel vine. Then the ring is brought mengunyah sirih. Kemudian cincin di- out to open the discussion. The keluarkan sebagai pembuka spokesman from the boy's parents pembicaraan. Juru bicara dari pihak speaks. He expresses the marriage laki-laki berkata dan menyampaikan proposal. The proposal is usually made lamaran. Lamaran biasanya diucapkan in riddles. There are many kinds of dalam bentuk teka-teki. Ada banyak riddles. The girl is usually compared macam teka-teki. Perempuan biasanya with a flower or a hen roost, that is, a diumpamakan seperti bunga atau teng- place for chickens to perch. geran, yaitu tempat ayam bertengger. 30 SULAWERLANGUAGETEXTS

Ane mombine nirapaka tarata, nangulimo ane mombine ni- rapa -ka tarata nanguli-mo if woman GF/R-compared-with hen_roost TRN/R-say-CMP

topeduta, "Kakava kami hii mekutana komiu to- pe-duta ka-kava kami hii mekutana komiu person-NR-propose NR-come lpxPO here INT/I-ask 2hPRO

apa naria taratamiu. Kami hii nanggeni apa naria tarata -miu kami hii naN- keni perhaps INT/R-be henroost-2hP0henroost-2hPO lpxPRO this TRN/R-bring

manu tuama." Manu tuama nirapaka manu tuama manu tuama ni- rapa -ka chicken male chicken male GF/R -compared -with

ana langgai. Nesanamo tupu banua, "Naria ana langgai nesana -mo tupu banua naria offspring man INT/R-answer-CMP owner house INT/R-be

mpuu tarata kami." Nijokomo haja. mpuu tarata kami nijoko -mo haja really hen_roost lpxPRO GF/R-accept-CMP desire

Nitarimamo peduta. Nariamo kabotu. Nuapa ni- tarima -mo pe-duta naria-mo ka-botu nuapa GF/R-receive-CMP NR-propose INT/R-be -CMP NR-decision what

topeduta nekutana. to- pe-duta nekutana person-NR-propose INT/R-ask

If the girl is compared with a hen roost, Kalau perempuan diumpamakan se- the ones proposing say, "We came here bagai tenggeran, pelamar berkata, to ask if you perhaps have a hen roost "Kami datang ke sini bertanya apakah here. We have brought a rooster." The mungkin ada tenggeran di sini. Kami rooster is a figure of speech for the boy. ayam jantan." Ayam jantan The representative of the girl's family dium ai anak laki-laki. answers, "We really do have a hen Wakil keluarga perempuan menjawab, roost." The marriage proposal is accep- "Kami memang mempunyai tenggeran." ted. The proposal is accepted. The [Jawaban itu berarti bahwa] lamaran di- decision has been made. "What is our terima. Lamaran diterima. Sudah ada responsibility?" the one proposing asks. keputusan. "Apa yang menjadi tanggungan kami?" tanya pelamar. LEDO 31

Panjimbuakamiu pata ngaya: balanja, ose, uta, ante paN-simbua-ka-miu pata ngaya: balanja ose uta ante NR- carry -2hPO four kind money rice vegetables and paturua." Sakuya deana perapi totua nu pa-turu -a sakuya dea -na pe-rapi totua nu NR-sleep-NR how much-DEF NR-reguest person-old POSS mombine nijaritani pakabelo pade nijoko mombine ni- jarita-ni paka- belo pade nijoko woman GF/R-talk -about CAUS-AFF-good then GF/R-accept totua nu langgai. Ane nijokomo, damo totua nu langgai ane nijoko -mo damo person-old POSS man if GF/R-accept-CMP just sunda nijaritani ante matana. Sunda sunda ni- jarita-ni ante mata-na sunda bride_wealth GF/R-talk -about and day -3sP bride_wealth nompengaya muni lenjena: kaluku, tana nom- pe- ngaya muni lenje-na: kaluku tana TRN/R-TRN/D-kind also face -3sPO coconut_trees land popae, doi. Ane ledo ria sangayai, biasana popae doi ane ledo ria sa- ngaya-i biasa-na TRN/D-rice money if NEG have one-kind -at_all usual-DEF kabosu niposunda. kabosu ni- po- sunda labor GF/R-TRN/D-bridewealth

"Your responsibility is of four kinds: 'Tanggunganmu terdiri dari empat money, rice, meat (lit. vegetables) and a macam, yaitu uang, beras, hewan bed." The amount asked by the parents sembelihan dan tempat tidur lengkap." of the girl is discussed thoroughly and Jumlah yang diminta oleh orang tua then accepted by the parents of the boy. perempuan dibicarakan baik-baik, dan If the burden [amount boy's parents pay kemudian diterima oleh orang tua laki- toward the cost of wedding] is accepted, laki. Kalau [jumlah yang harus dibayar then only the bride wealth and the date oleh orang tua untuk biaya remains to be discussed. The bride perkawinan] untuk pihak laki-laki sudah wealth can take many forms: coconut diterima, maka hanya tinggal mas kawin trees, rice paddies or money. If the boy dan hari perkawinan yang dibicarakan. does not have anything at all, usually his Mas kawin bisa bermacam-macam labor can be made the bride wealth. bentuknya: pohon kelapa, tanah sawah atau uang. Kalau tidak me- miliki apa-apa, biasanya tenaganya dijadikan mas kawin. 32 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Ane kabosu niposunda, langgai mantulungi ane kabosu ni- po- sunda langgai mantulungi if labor GF/R-TRN/D-bride_wealth man TRN/I-help matuana ane maria anu rakavia. Dea matua -na ane maria anu raka- via dea parents_in_law-3sPO if INT/I-be REL GF/I-TRN/D-do amount nu sunda niposikabotuka muni. nu sunda ni- po- si- ka- botu -ka muni POSS bride_wealth GF/R-TRN/D-REC-TRN/D-decide-- also

Sunda dako ri langgai eva ali nu karo nu sunda dako ri langgai eva ali nu karo nu bride_wealth from GP man like price POSS self POSS mombine. Sunda hai tona njamboko tupuna. mombine sunda hai tona , njamboko tupu -na woman bride_wealth that person couple owner-3sPO

Kabotu nu sunda nijaritanimo eo ka-botu nu sunda ni- jarita-ni -mo eo NR-decision POSS bride_wealth GF/R-talk -about-CMP day matana. Niovomo eo belo. Ane nasintuvu mata-na ni- ovo -mo eo belo ane nasi- n- tuvu eye -DEF GF/R-decide-CMP day good if INT/R-REC-LG-live puramo, najadimo. pura-mo najadi -mo ail -CMP ADJ/R-happen-CMP

If his labor is made the bride wealth, Itu berarti laki-laki [itu harus] me- the boy [must] help his parents-in-law if nolong mertuanya jika ada sesuatu yang there is anything that needs to be done. perlu dikerjakan. Jumlah mas kawin The amount of the bride wealth is also juga ditetapkan. Mas kawin dari laki- decided upon. The bride wealth from la_d sama seperti harga [yang dibayar] the boy is like the price paid for the girl. untuk [mendapatkan] perempuan itu. The bride wealth belongs to the bride Mas kawin itu menjadi milik suami and groom. After the bride wealth has isteri. Sesudah mas kawin ditetapkan, been decided upon, then the wedding mereka membicarakan hari perkawin- day is also talked about. A good day an. Mereka memilih hari yang baik [for the wedding] is decided upon. If all untuk hari perkawinan, setelah disetujui is agreed upon, the wedding day is set. oleh semua pihak, kemudian ditetapkan. LEDO 33

Naria pitu eo, sapulu eo, naria naria pitu eo sapulu eo naria INT/R-be seven day one-ten day INT/R-be muni sapulu pata eo kaliu mpeduta pade muni sapulu pata eo ka-liu m- pe-duta pade also one-ten four day NR-pass LG-NR-propose then noboti. Kabotu nu eo matana, noboti ka-botu nu eo mata-na INT/R-marry NR-decide POSS day eye -DEF nanjilimo topeduta. na- njili -mo to- pe-duta INT/R-return_home-CMP person-NR-propose

Sometimes it is seven days later, or ten [Perkawinan dilaksanakan] tujuh hari, days, or also fourteen days after the sepuluh hari, atau juga empat belas hari marriage proposal that the wedding sesudah lamaran. Setelah hari per- takes place. After the wedding day is kawinan ditetapkan pelamar pulang. decided upon, the one making the proposal goes back [to the boy's family]. SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

DA'A The Da'a language is spoken by approximately 30,000 people living in Marawola subdistrict of Donggala district, Central Sulawesi. Others live in Biromaru, Banawa and Dolo subdistricts of Donggala and Pasangkayu subdistrict of Mamuju district in South Sulawesi. Da'a has a realis/irrealis distinction in its verb affixation. One set of verbal prefixes pa-/po-/pe effectively divides the verbs into three classes. There is evidence in other languages of the area of vowel harmony. If Da'a had vowel harmony earlier, it is no longer evident. The following text was recorded by Gidion Likenono, December 1979 in Dombu village. It is a type of procedural text that some have called an activity text. In Da'a this kind of text is staged as a hypothetical, not yet accomplished event. Such activity texts have a very ngid and distinctive patteru of verbal affixes, using predominantly goal-focus/irrealis affixes, with very tight tail-head linkage holding the text together. One characteristic of the people of Sulawesi, in contrast with areas of Indonesia to the east like Irian Jaya, is the use of blowguns for hunting. This text describes the particular way in which the Da'a people make blowguns. MOWIA SOPU Making a Blowgun

Ane kita mowia sopu raalata ruru wolo ane kita mowia sopu raala-ta ruru wolo 'if lpnPRO INT/I-make blowgun OF/I-get-lpn, first wolo_bamboo tolulae. Wolo etu rolae to tolulae wolo etu rolae to three-long_thin_obj wolo_bamboo that two-long_thin_obj REL makedina salae to mabetena ma- kedi -na salae to ma- bete-na ADJ/I-small-DEF one-long_thin_obj REL ADJ/I- big -DEP rapotinana. rapo-tina -na PUR- outer_casing-DEF

If we make a blowgun we first get three Jika kita membuat sumpit, pertama kita pieces of wolo barriboo. That wolo mengambil tiga batang bambu wolo bamboo [needs to be] two small lengths (buluh), yang terdiri dari dua batang and one big length for its outer casing. yang kecil dan satu batang yang besar untuk luarnya. DNA 35

Maopu raalata rapanoata nte maopu raala-ta rapa- noa -ta nte INT/I-finish GF/I-get-lpn GF/I-CAUS-straight-lpn by rapane ri apu. Maopu rapanoata rapane ri apu Ma- opu rapa- noa -ata GF/I-hot GP fire INT/I-finish GF/I-CAUS-straight-1pn ralonjo mpakabelo pade rasuaraka ri ralonjo m- paka- belo pade ra- sua -raka ri GF/I-cut ADV-CAUS-AFF-good then GF/I-enter-TRN/D GP tinana to nabete sakedi to tina -na to nabete sakedi to outer_casing-3sPO REL ADJ/R-big a_little REL nipatanita. Maopu rasuarakata, pade ni- patani -ta maopu ra- sua -raka -ta pade GF/R-set_aside-lpnI NT/I-finish GF/I-enter-TRN/D-lpn then rapanoata woumo. Ane rakitata rapa- noa -ta wo'u -mo ane ra- kita-ta GF/I-CAUS-straight-lpn again-CMP if GF/I-see -1pn mabelomo pade rasayata sakedi wuntu mabelo-mo pade ra- saya-ta sakedi wuntu ADJ/I-good-CMP then GF/I-peel-lpn a_little end tinana ntimali, ala mabelo tina -na ntimali ala mabelo outer_casing-3sPO two_ends so_that ADJ/I-good rapetoo nu lui lauro etu rapowewe. ra- pe -to'o nu lui lauro etu rapo-wewe GF/I-TRN/D-live AG binding rattan that PUR- wrap

After we get it we make it straight by Setelah kita memperolehnya kita lurus- heating it in the fire. After we straigh- kan [batang buluh iti] dengan me- ten it we cut it carefully and then insert manaskannya dalam api. Setelah itu kita it into its outer casing which is a little potong dengan hati-hati dan masuk- bigger and which we have already set kannya ke dalam penutup luarnya yang aside. After we put it [into its outer cas- lebih besar sedikit yang sudah kita siap- ing] than we straighten it again. If we kan. Setelah dimasukkan [ke dalam pe- see that it is good then we cut the two nutup luarnya], kemudian kita lurus- ends a little so it will be a good place for kannya [sekah] lagi. Jika kita lihat tbe rattan binding to be wrapped. sudah baik, maka kita potong sedikit ujungnya untuk tempat tali rotan yang akan difilitkan. 36 SULAWESILANGUAGETEXTS

Maopu etu kita lau mangala lui rapowewe maopu etu kita lau mangala lui rapo-wewe INT/I-finish that lpnPRO go TRN/I-get binding PUR- wrap sopu etu sampe mabelo. Maopu rawewe sopu etu sampe mabelo maopu rawewe blowgun that until ADJ/I-good INT/I-finish GF/I-wrap raalata woumo wolo to masimbayuka raala-ta wo'u -mo wolo to ma- simbayu-ka GF/I-get-lpn again-CMP wolo_bamboo REL ADJ/I-same -as tinana etu, raposola wuntuna ntimali. tina -na etu rapo-sola wuntu-na ntimali outer_casing-3sPO that PUR- layer end -3sPO two_ends

Maopu rasolata pade kita lau mangala maopu ra- sola -ta pade kita lau mangala INT/I-finish GF/I-layer-lpn then lpnPRO go TRN/I-get balo to manoar.a rapowiata wila. balo to ma- noa -na rapo-wia -ta wila balo bamboo REL ADJ/I-straight-DEF PUR- make-lpn dart

Balo etu rabingga mpakakedi, pade balo etu rabingga m- paka- kedi pade balo_bamboo that GF/I-split ADV-CAUS-AFF-small then ranei mpakabelo. ranei m- paka- belo GF/I-smoothed ADV-CAUS-AFF-good

After that we go get binding for Setelah itu, kita pergi mengambil tali wrapping the blowgun [and wrap it] [dan tali rotanitu] dililitkan pada until it is good. After [it is] wrapped we sumpit sampai [menjadi] bagus. Setelah get some more wolo bamboo the same [tali rotan itu] dililitkan kita ambil lagi as the outer casing, to be made the extra buluh yang sama [besarnya] dengan layer at each end. After we make the penutup luarnya itu untuk menjadi layered ends then we go get some lapisan tambahan di kedua ujungnya. straight balo bamboo for making into Setelah kita membuat lapisan ujungnya, darts. The balo bamboo is split into kita pergi mengambil bambu balo yang small pieces and then smoothed care- lurus untuk membuat anak panah. fully. Bambu balo dibelah menjadi potongan kecil, lalu dilicinkan dengan hati-hati. DA'A 37

Rapakataja wuntuna ala mawaka rapa- ka- taja wuntu-na ala mawaka GF/I-CAUS-AFF-sharp end -3sPO so_that ADJ/I-wound metuu ri koro nuapa to rasoputa. Maopu me- tu'u ri koro nuapa to ra- sopu -ta maopu INT/I-land GP body what REL GF/I-blowgun-lpn INT/I-finish raneita pade kita lau mangala wio ranei -ta pade kita lau mangala wio GF/I-smoothed-lpn then lpnPRO go TRN/I-get cane rapokadempe. Maopumo kita mokadempe rapo-kadempe maopu -mo kita mokadempe PUR- end_p1ug INT/I-finish-CMP 1pnPRO INT/I-end_plug rapembaitamo sopu etu, bara mamonjo ra- pembai-ta -mo sopu etu bara mamonjo GF/I-try -1pn-CMP blowgun that perhaps ADJ/I-effective bara daa. Maopu etu rakenita malau bara da'a maopu etu ra- keni-ta malau perhaps NEG INT/I-finish that GF/I-take-lpn INT/I-go manjayo ranggayu ri umba panjawi manjayo raN-kayu ri umba panjawi INT/I-walking_around in -forest GP where k_o_fruit tonji madea. tonji madea in_forest ADJ/I-many

Its ends are sharpened so that the body Ujungnya ditajamkan supaya apa yar4 of whatever we shoot will be wounded kita, sumpit akan terluka kena [anak when hit [by the dart]. After we smooth panah itu]. Setelah dilicinkan kita pergi [the dart] then we go and get some cane mengambil sejenis rumput (wio) untuk for making the end plugs. After we dibuat kepala anak panah. Setelah kita make the end plugs we try the blowgun membuat kepala anak panah kita [to see] if it is effective/ accurate or not. mencoba sumpit itu [untuk melihat] After that we take it and go walking apakah sudah dapat digunakan atau around in the forest where there are a belum. Setelah selasai kita memhawa lot of panjawi tonji fruit. sumpit itu pergi berjalan-jalan ke hutan di mana banyak terdapat buah panjawi tonji. SULAWETSILANGUAGE1WXIS

The following text was written by Gideon Likenono, September 1980 in Dombu village. This is a narrative text based on information gathered from the traditional leader of the Da'a people, Lagurante, also from Dombu village. According to the Da'a people their ancestors for several generations have had this story of how the world was created. It predates any known Christian or other monotheistic activity in the Da'a area. There are several possibilities as to the source of this text. 1) Portuguese priests had early contact with the Da'a people and introduced this story. We know of no documented contact of Portuguese with the Da'a. 2) Muslim traders brought the story to the area. There is evidence of long time contact in the area with Muslim elements. What mitigates against a Muslim source for the Da'a story is that the account fits much more closely in detail and form with the biblical account than with the account of creation of mankind recorded in the Koran. 3) The Da'a themselves attribute this story to dreams given to their ancestors. A.0 Kruyt in his book VAN HEIDEN TOT CHRISTEN (Indonesian translation entitled, KELUAR DARI AGAMA SUKU MASUK KE AGAMA KRISTEN) says that he found evidence in many Indonesian cultures of stories of a creator God who made mankind from either clay or from stone. He claims that it is not unique to Sulawesi. Whatever the source, this story has become a part of the cultural-heritage of the Da'a.

KAJADIA DUNIA The Creation of the World

Pamulana manusia nikawia I Pue Alatala pa-mula -na manusia ni- ka- wia i pue alatala NR-begin-NR mankind GF/R-AFF-make PI lord God nggari tana lei. Namala wou niuli nggari tana lei namala wo'u niuli from earth red INT/R-able also GF/R-say tanangguni. tanangguni earth-yellow

In the beginning the Lord God made Pada mulanya Tuhan Allah mencipta- mankind. [Mankind] was made from kan manusia. [Manusia] diciptakan dari clay. It can also be called "yellow "tanah liat", yang disebut tanah kuning. earth." DA'A 39

Nikawiana ruru sambaa langgai pade ni- ka- wia -na ruru sa- mba'a langgai pade GF/R-AFF-make-3sRE first one-two_legged_animals man then nipoposangana Lemontanapinandu. ni- po- po- sanga-na lemo- n- tana -pinandu GF/R-CAUS-TRN/D-name -3s gather_together-LG-earth-shape_clay Sangga najadipa langgai etu nipekirina, sangga najadi -pa langgai etu ni- pekiri-na after INT/R-become-SEQ man that GF/R-think -3s "Anega sambaa rapajadi daa ria ane-aga sa- mba'a rapa- jadi da'a ria if -just one-two_legged_animals GF/I-CAUS-become NEG be momuli banepiana." Jadi, nipajadina momuli banepia-na jadi nipa- jadi -na INT/I-descendents later -DEF so GF/R-CAUS-become-3s woumo sambaa besi nggawengina etu. wo'u-mo sa- mba'a besi nggawengi-na etu also-CMP one-two_legged_animals woman night -NR that Noturumo Lemontanapinandu. Tempo ia napisi no- turu -mo Lemontanapinandu tempo i'a napisi INT/R-sleep-CMP Lemontanapinandu when 3sPRO ADJ/R-sleep nalumpi, niala I Pue Alatalamo sampeka nalumpi niala i pue alatala-mo sampeka ADJ/R-sound GF/R-take PI lord God -CMP one-long_objects usuna nipajadika besi. usu-na nipa- jadi -ka besi rib-3sPO GF/R-CAUS-become-into woman

[He] first made a man and then he Pertama-taina Tuhan Allah mencipta- named him Lemontanapinandu. After kan seorang laki-laki, yang dinama- the man was made he [God] thought, "If kannya Lemontanapinandu. Setelah only a man is made, there won't be any itu diciptakan, [Allah] berpikir, descendents Tater." So he also made a "Kalau hanya seorang sada dicipta, tentu woman that night. Lemontanapinandu tidak akan ada keturunannya kelak." lay down to sleep. When he was sleep-- Oleh karena itu, diciptakannya juga ing soundly the Lord God took out one seorang perempuan pada malam itu. of his ribs and made it into a woman. Ketika Lemontanapinandu sudah ter- tidur nyenyak, Tuhan Allah mengambil sebuah tulang rusuknya dan menjadi- kannya perempuan.

40 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Pade nipoposangana woumo besi etu pade ni- po- po- sanga-na wo'u-mo besi etu then GF/R-CAUS-TRN/D-name- 3s also-CMP woman that Yusuke, apa ia aga najadi Yusuke apa i'a aga najadi Yusuke because 3sPro just INT/R-become nggari usu nu langgai. Tempona nggari usu nu langgai tempo-na from rib POSS man when -DEF Lemontanapinandu nembangu ia natikaja. Lemontanapinandu nembangu i'a natikaja Lemontanapinandu INT/R-wake 3sPro ADJ/R-startle "E, nggari umba iko? Sema tanu sangamu?" e nggari umba iko sema tanu sanga-mu hey from where 2fPRO who, SUR name -2fPO "Aku ei nosangaka Yusuke." Nanguli aku e'i no- sanga-ka Yusuke naN- uli 1sPRO this INT/R-name Yusuke TRN/R-say Lemontanapinandu, "Metoo ri umba tanu Lemontanapinandu Me- to'o ri umba tanu Lemontanapinandu INT/I-live GP where SUR iko etu?" Nanguli Yusuke, "Metoo ri iko etu Nanguli Yusuke Me- to'o ri 2fPRO that TRN/R-say Yusuke INT/I-live GP jaimu ri sei." ja'i -mu ri se'i place-2fPO GP here

Then he named the woman Yusuke Lalu perempuan itu dinamakannya because she was created from the rib Yusuke karena ia diciptakan dari rusuk [usu] of the man. When Lemontanapi- laki-laki. Ketika Lemontanapinandu nandu woke up he was startled. "Hey, bangun ia terkejut [dan bertanya]. where are you from?" What is your "Dari mana kamu dan siapa namamu?" name?" "My name is Yusuke." Lemon- "Nama saya Yusuke." Lemontanapi: tanapinandu said, "Where in the world nandu bertanya lagi, 'Tinggal di mana do you live?" Yusuke said, going to kamu?" Yusuke menjawab, "[Saya] live here, at your place [or with you] akan tinggal di sini denganmu." here." DA'A 41

Nanguli Lemontanapinandu, "Ane metoo ri sei naN- uli Lemontanapinandu Ane me- to'o ri se'i TRN/R-say Lemontanapinandu if INT/I-live GP here kita kana momparasaya I Pue Alatala. kita kana momparasaya i pue alatala lpnPRO must TRN/I-believe_(in) PI lord God

Pade nuapa rapakauna ka kita kana pade nuapa ra- pakau -na ka kita kana and what GF/I-command-3s to lpnPRO must ratukita. Apa waa I Pue ra- tuki -ta apa wa'a i pue GP/I-follow/obey-ipn because that's_what PI lord nangulika aku." Nanguli Yusuke ka nanguli-ka aku naN- uli Yusuke ka TRN/R-say-to 1sPRO. TRN/R-say Yusuke to

Lemontanapinandu, "Iyo." Bara sakuya eo ira Lemontanapinandu iyo bara sakuya eo ira Lemontanapinandu yes several day 3pPRO netoo ri setu, naratamo I Pue Alatala ne- to'o ri setu narata-mo i pue alatala INT/R-live GP there INT/R-come-CMP PI lord God nangulika ira, "Komi Lemontanapinandu, ante nanguli-ka ira komi Lemontanapinandu ante TRN/R-say-to 3pPRO 2hPRO Lemontanapinandu and

Yusuke, naile komi mojaga tinalu. Yusuke naile komi mojaga tinalu Yusuke tomorrow 2hPRO INT/I-guard garden

Lemontanapinandu said, "If we (inc) are Lemontanapinandu berkata kembali, going to live here, we (inc) must believe "Jika kita [ingin] tinggal di sini kita m the Lord God. And whatever he harus percaya kepada Tuhan Allah. commands us we must obey. Because Apapun yang Ia perintahkan kepada that is .what the Lord told me." Yusuke kita harus kita turuti, karena itulah yang said to Lemotanapinandu, "Yes." After Tuhan katakan kepadaku." Yusuke ber- they had lived there for several days, the kata kepada Lemontanapinandu, "Ya." Lord God came [there, and] said to Setelah beberapa hari mereka tinggalgg di them, "Lemontanapinandu and Yusuke, situ, Tuhan Allah datang [ke sana]. Ia tomorrow you guard the garden. berkata kepada mereka, "Lemon- tanapinandu dan Yusuke, besok kamu memaga taman. 42 SUL"ESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Tinalu etu nitujaku kayu-kayu. Ane maria tinalu etu ni- tuja -ku kayu-kayu Ane ma- r1a garden that GF/R -plant -ls tree-RED if INT/I-be ngina kayu to kutagi ka komi, nee raala ngina kayu to kutagi ka komi ne'e raala later tree REL 1sIR-forbid to 2hPRO don,t GF/I-take komi." Nanguli ira, "Daa." Nalaumo ira komi naN- uli ira da'a nalau-mo ira 2hPRO TRN/R-say 3pPRO NEG INT/R-go -CMP 3pPRO nojaga tinalu etu. Bara sakuya eo ira nojaga tinalu etu bara Sakuya eo ira INT/R-guard garden that - several day 3pPRO nalau nosanggani-nggani, daapa ria nalau no- sa- nggani-nggani da'apa ria INT/R-go INT/R-one-time -RED not_yet be nadota ira nangala wua kayu to nadota ira nang° ala wua kayu to INT/R-want 3pPRO TRN/R-take fruit tree REL nitagi ka ira. Damo sambaa nitagi ka ira damo sa- mba'a GF/R-forbid to 3pPRO then one-two legged animals Lemontanapinandu, nalau pade naria ule Lemontanapinandu na pade naria ule Lemontanapinandu INT/R-go then INT/R-be snake nombabagiu ia. nomba-bagiu i'a TRN/R-deceive 3sPRO

I have planted trees in the garden. If Aku sudah menanam pepohonan di there is a tree later [whose fruit] I taman itu. Kalau ada pohon yang forbid you [to eat], don't take it." They ibuahnya] kularang kamu makan, said, "No, [we won't]". They went off to jangan mengambilnya." Mereka menja- guard the garden. For several days they wab, "Tidak [karai tidak akan melaku- went together, they did not yet want to kannyal." [Kemudian] mereka pergi take the fruit of the tree that had been menjaga taman itu. [Selama] beberapa forbidden to them. Then Lemon- hari mereka bersarna-sama dr taman itu, tanapinandu went alone and then there mereka tidak mengambil buah terlarang was a snake that deceived him. itu. Pada waktu Lemontanapinandu pergi sendiri ke taman, [datanglah] seekor ular menipu dia. DA'A

Nanguli ule ka Lemontanapinandu, "Ane muala naN- uli ule ka Lemontanapinandu Ane muala TRN/R-say snake to Lemontanapinandu if 2fI-take mukoni nggayu etu iko wou majadi ewa mukoni N- kayu etu iko wo'u majadi ewa 2fI-eat LG-tree that 2fPRO also INT/I-become like

I Pue Alatala. "Natikajamo Lemontanapinandu. i pue alatala natikaja -mo Lemontanapinandu PI lord God ADJ/R-startle-CMP Lemontanapinandu

"A, bara makono mpuu etu." Nialana, aa bara makono mpu'u etu niala -na aa perhaps INT/I-true really that GF/R-take-3s pade nikoninamo saongu. pade nikoni-na-mo saongu then GF/R-eat -3s-CMP one-round_obj/animals

Nikenina ka Yusuke ri sapo wou saongu. ni- keni -na ka Yusuke ri sapo wo'u saongu GF/R-carry-3s to Yusuke GP house also one-round_obj/animals

Nanguli Yusuke ka "Nokuya iko nangala naN -uli Yusuke ka nokuya iko nangala TRN/R-say Yusuke to INT/R-why 2fPRO TRN/R-take wuanggayu ei to nitagi I Pue ka kita." wua- N- kayu e'i to nitagi i pue ka kita fruit-LG-tree this REL GF/R -forbid PI lord to lpnPRO

"A, daa ria mokuya. aa da'a ria mokuya aa NEG be INT/I-why

The snake said to Lemontanapinandu, Ular itu berkata kepada Lemontanapi- "If you take and eat the fruit of that nandu, "Jika kamu ambil dan makan tree, you too will become like the Lord buah itu, kamu akan menjadi seperti God. Lemontanapinandu was startled. Tuhan Allah." Lemontanapinandu "Ah, perhaps that is really true." He terkejut. "Ah, mungkin itu benar." Lalu took and ate one. He also took one to ia mengambil dan memakan sebuah. Ia Yusuke at the house. Yusuke said to juga membawa satu buah untuk Yusuke Lemontanapinandu, "Why did you take di rumah. Yusuke berkata kepada this fruit which the Lord God forbid us Lemontanapinandu, "Kenapa kamu [to eat]?" Ah, that's all right. [No mengambil buah yang dilarang Tuhar problem.] Allah untuk kita makan?" "Ah, tidal apa-apa. 42 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Tinalu etu nitujaku kayu -kayu. Ane maria tinalu etu ni- tuja -ku kayu -kayu Ane maria garden that GF/R -plant-ls tree -RED if INT/I-be ngina kayu to kutagi ka komi, nee raala ngina kayu to kutagi ka komi ne'e raala later tree REL 1sIR-forbid to 2hPRO don't GF/I-take komi." Nanguli ira, "Daa." Nalaumo ira komi naN- uli ira da'a nalau-mo ira 2hPRO TRN/R-say 3pPRO NEG INT/R -go -CMP 3pPRO nojaga tinalu etu. Bara sakuya eo ira nojaga tinalu etu bara sakuya eo ira INT/R-guard garden that - several day 3pPRO nalau nosanggani-nggani, daapa ria nalau no- sa- nggani-nggani da'apa ria INT/R-go INT/R-one-time -RED not_yet be nadota ira nangala wua kayu to nadota ira nangala wua kayu to INT/R-want 3pPRO TRN/R -take fruit tree REL nitagi ka ira. Damo sambaa nitagi ka ira damo sa- mba'a GF/R -forbid to 3pPRO then one-two_legged_animals

Lemontanapinandu, nalau pade naria ule Lemontanapinandu na pade naria ule Lemontanapinandu INT/R -go then INT/R-be snake nombabagiu ia. nomba-bagiu i'a TRN/R-deceive 3sPRO

I have planted trees in the garden. If Aku sudah menanam pepohonan di there is a tree later [whose fruit] I taman itu. Kalau ada pohon yang forbid you [to eat], don't take it." They [buahnya] kularang kamu makan, said, "No, [we won'ij". They went off to jangan mengambilnya." Mereka menja- guard the garden. For several days they wab, "Tidak [kami tidak akan melaku- went together, they did not yet want to kannya]." [Kemudian] mereka pergi take the fruit of the tree that had been menjaga taman itu. [Selama] beberapa forbidden to them. Then Lemon- hari mereka bersama-sama di taman itu, tanapinandu went alone and then there mereka tidak mengambil buah terlarang was a snake that deceived him. itu. Pada waktu Lemontanapinandu pergi sendiri ke taman, [datanglah] seekor ular menipu dia. DA'A 43

Nanguli ule ka Lemontanapinandu, "Ane muala naN- uli ule ka Lemontanapinandu Ane muala TRN/R-say snake to Lemontanapinandu if 2fI-take

mukoni nggayu etu iko wou majadi ewa mukoni N- kayu etu iko wo'u majadi ewa 2fI-eat LG-tree that 2fPRO also INT/I-become like

I Pue Alatala. "Natikajamo Lemontanapinandu. i pue alatala natikaja -mo Lemontanapinandu PI lord God ADJ/R-startle-CMP Lemontanapinandu

"A, bara makono mpuu etu." Nialana, aa bara makono mpu'u etu niala -na aa perhaps INT/I-true really that GF/R-take-3s

pade nikoninamo saongu. pade nikoni-na-mo saongu then GF/R-eat -3s-CMP one-roundobj/animals

Nikenina ka Yusuke ri sapo wou saongu. ni- keni -na ka Yusuke ri sapo wo'u saongu GF/R-carry-3s to Yusuke GP house also one-round_obj/animals

"A, daa ria mokuya. aa da'a ria mokuya aa NEG be INT/I-why

The snake said to Lemontanapinandu, Ular itu berkata kepada Lemontanapi- "If you take and eat the fruit of that nandu, "Jika kamu ambil dan makan tree, you too will become like the Lord buah itu, kamu akan menjadi seperti God. Lemontanapinandu was startled. Tuhan Allah." Lemontanapinandu "Ah, perhaps that is really true." He terkejut. "Ah, mungkin itu benar." Lalu took and ate one. He also took one to ia mengambil dan memakan sebuah. Ia Yusuke at the house. Yusuke said to juga membawa satu buah untuk Yusuke Lemontanapinandu, "Why did you take di rumah. Yusuke berkata kepada this fruit which the Lord God forbid us Lemontanapinandu, "Kenapa kamu [to eat]?" Ah, that's all right. [No mengambil buah yang dilarang Tuhan problem.] Allah untuk kita makan?" "Ah, tidak apa-apa. 44 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Naria ule nanguli ka aku ane rakonita naria ule naN- uli ka aku ane ra- koni-ta INT/R-be snake TRN/R-say to 1sPRO if GF/I-eat -lpn wei wuanggayu ei, kita wou majadi ewa I we'i wua- N- kayu e'i kita wo'u majadi ewa i now fruit-LG-tree this lpnPRO also INT/I-become like PI Pue Alatala. " Naopu nikoni nu ira pue alatala naopu nikoni nu ira lord God ADJ/R-finish GF/R-eat AG 3pPRO wuanggayu etu natikajamo ira mana ria wua- N- kayu etu natikaja -mo ira mana ria fruit-LG-tree that ADJ/R-startle-CMP 3pPRO. no_longer be pakea ri koro nu ira. Natongo eo naratamo pakea ri koro nu ira natongo eo narata-mo clothes GP body POSS 3pPRO INT/R-middle day INT/R-come-CMP

I Pue Alatala ri jai nu ira, tapi nalaimo i pue alatala ri ja'i nu ira tapi narata-mo PI lord God GP place POSS 3pPRO but INT/R -go -CMP ira netabuni. Narata I Pue nompongare ira netabuni narata i pue nom- po- ngare 3pPRO INT/R-hide INT/R-come PI lord TRN/R-TRN/D-shout ira, "E Lemontanapinandu! Ri umba komi?" Daa ria ira ira e Lemontanapinandu ri umba komi da'a ria ira 3pPRO hey Lemontanapinandu GP where 2hPRO NEG be 3pPRO nesono nagana tolumbela I Pue nongare. nesono nagana tolumbela i pur nongare INT/R-answer ADJ/R-enough three-words PI lord INT/R-shout

There was a snake that told me if we Seekor ular mengatakan kepada saya, (inc) eat this fruit now, we too will bahwa jika kita makan buah ini seka- become like the Lord God." After they rang, kita juga akan menjadi sama se- had eaten the fruit they were startled, perti Tuhan Allah." Setelah mereka there were no longer any clothes on memakan buah itu, mereka terkejut their bodies. In the middle of the day [dan menyadari] bahwa mereka tidak the Lord God came to their place, but berpakaian. Pada siang hari Tuhan they had gone to hide. The Lord came Allah datang [ke tempat mereka], tetapi and shouted for them, "Hey, Lemon- mereka bersembunyi. Tuhan memang- tanapinandu! Where are you?" The gil mereka, "Lemon-tanapinandu, di Lord shouted three times [but] they did manakah engkau?" Tuhan memanggil not at all answer. tiga kali [tetapi] mereka sama sekali tidak menjawab. DA'A 45 Pade nanguli I Pue, "Ninjanikumo komi daa pade naN- uli i pue ni- njani-ku-mo komi da'a then TRN/R-say PI lord GF/R-know -1s-CMP 2hPRO NEG nomparasaya aku. Wei-wei ane daa matiti ini nomparasaya aku we'i-we'i ane da'a matiti ini TRN/R-believe_jin) 1sPRO now -RED. if NEG INT/I-drip sweat komi mokarajaa daa ria mombarata pakea bo komi mokarajaa da'a ria momba-rata pakea bo 2hPRO INT/I-work NEG be TRN/I-obtain clothes and panggoni. Jadi, komi kana mokarajaa sampe malei paN-koni jadi komi kana mokarajaa sampe malei NR- eat so 2hPRO must INT/I-work until INT/I-blood uwunggalupamu pade komi mombarata pakea uwu -N- kalupa -mu pade komi momba-rata pakea quick-LG-fingernail-2fPO then 2hPRO TRN/I-obtain clothes ante panggoni." ante paN-koni and NR- eat

Then the Lord said, "I know that you do Kemudian Tuhan berkata, "Saya tahu not believe in me. Now ifyou don't bahwa kamu tidak percaya kepadaku. sweat working (ie. work hard) you will Mulai saat ini, jika kamu tidak bekerja not obtain clothes or food. So, you must keras kamu tidak akan mendapat work till your fingernaiis bleed and then pakaian atau makanan [sandang you will obtain clothes and food." pangan]. Jadi, kamu harus bekerja sampai membanting tulang untuk men- clapatkan pakaian dan makanan." SULAWESILANGUAGETEXTS

UMA Uma is a member of the Kaili-Pamona language group of Central Sulawesi. lt is sometimes called Pipikoro. Uma is spoken in the mountainous region of the south part of Kulawi subdistrict, Donggala district, but many Umas now live in other areas, such as the city of Palu, and the Palolo valley. There are about 15,000 speakers of Uma. Althou Uma is closely related to Da'a, the realisiirrealis distinction so prominent in a'a is all but lost in Uma. Rather Uma is sinulaz to several South Sulawesi languages in that a limited ergative system is found in the person markers on the verb. Clitics abound in Uma and these texts show them clearly by marking them with a tilda (--) rather than writing them as bound affixes or free forms. The following text was written by Herman Rigo, Kantewu. It is an expository text, a description of how barkcloth is made; the Umas still use barkcloth for blankets and women's traditional skirts. KUMPE Barkcloth Pohea to Kentewu rahanga' kumpe. To poko Po-,hea to Kentewu rahanga' kumpe To poko NRclothes REL Kantewu 3pE-name barkcloth REL main mpohea kumpe, tobine: rapotopi', N- pohea kumpe, tobine rapo- topi' AF-TRN/D-clothes barkcloth woman 3pE-TRN/D-skirt rapohalili, "pai' rapo'abe'. Kumpe toe rapo- halili, pai' rapo- 'abe' Kumpe toe 3pE-TRN/D -blouse and 3pE -TRN/D -sarong barkcloth that rababehi ngkai kuluma kaju to rahanga'. hunu'. rababehi ngkai kuluma kaju to rahanga' nunu' 3pE-make from skin tree REL 3pE-name nunu ,

The clothing of the Kantewu people is Pakaian orang Kantewu dibuat dari called barkcloth. The main ones who jeluang (kain kulit kayu). Pakaian kulit wear barkcloth are women: they use it kayu itu terutama dipakal oleh wanita as skirts, as blouses and as sarongs. sebagai rok, blus dan sarung. Jeluang This barkcloth is made from the bark of ini dibuat dari kulit batang pohon yang a tree called nunu: disebut nunu' (beringin). UMA 47

Kuluma nunu' toe ralepa' ngkai kaju-na, ralunci' Kuluma nunu' toe ralepa' ngkai kaju-na ralunci' skin nunu , that 3pE-pee1 from tree73sPO 3pE-peel mpolali kuluma lewali-na 'bona metoro N- po- lali kuluma lewali-na bona metoro AF-VRt-remove skin outer -3sPO so that VR1-remain ihi-na-damo. Ihi-na toe-mi to ranahu duu'-na ihi -na -damo Ihi -na toe -mi to ranahu duu' -na flesh-3sPO-just flesh-3sPO that-CMP REL 3pE-boil until-3sPO

taha'. Doo-na ranahu hante awu kaju to ronto'. taha, Doo -na ranahu hante awu kaju to ronto, cooked compenion-3sPO 3pE-boil with ash wood REL soft

Ane taha'- damo, rabohoi, mpolali awu-na, raputu' Ane taha' -damo ra- bohoil N- po- lali awu-na, raputu' if cooked-just 3pE-wash. A-VRt-remove ash-3sPO 3pE-wrap hante rau, rapakawaha' nte hangkuja mengi. hante rau, rapa- ka- waha' nte hangkuja mengi with leaf 3pE-TRN/D-AFF-rotten with how_many night

Ratepu'u-mi moronu'. Ra- tepu'u-mi moronu' 3pE -begin -CMP VR1 -beat

The nunu' bark is stripped from the Nunu' dikeluarkan dan kemudian tree, and then peeled to remove the dikupas kulitnya, untuk memisahkan hard outer bark so that only the the soft kulit kayu yang keras dan kulit kayu inner bark [flesh] remain.s. It is this yang lunak di bagian dalam (daging). inner bark that is boiled until it is Bagian dalam kulit kayu itulah yang cooked. It is boiled along. with ashes dididihkan sampai masak dengan abu from soft wood. When it >s good and dari kulit kayu yang lunak. Jika sudah done, it is washed to remove the ashes mendidih, bagian ttu dicuci untuk meng- and then-Wrapped up with leaves and hfiangkan abunya dan kemudian di- allowed [caused] to rot for a few nights. bungkus dengan daun dan dibiarkan Then they begin the beating. menjadi busuk untuk beberapa malam. Kemudian mereka mulai memukul kulit kayu itu. 48 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Ria hameha' kaju molence mpopata, rateba' Ria hameha' kaju molence mpopata, rateba, is one-CLSR wood VRi-resemble like-board 3pE-hew

ngkai kaju to motu'a to rahanga' kaju pawa. ngkai kaju to motu'a to rahanga'kaju pawa from wood REL VRi-hard REL 3pE-name tree pawa

Langa-na nte hamete hantanga' pai' roho-na Langa -na nte hamete haN-tanga' pai' roho -na length-3sPO with one-meter one-half and strong-3sPO

nte rompulu' senti. Pata tohe'e, hanga'-na ha'a. nte roN-pulu' cm. Pata tohe'e, hanga'-na ha'a with two-ten cm. Board that name -3sPO ha'a

Hi lolo ha'a toe-mi kuluma nunu' to waha'-mi Hi lolo,ha'a toe -mi kuluma nunu' to waha' -mi GP top ha'a that-CMP skin nunu, REL rotten-CMP

ra'ona' ntuku' langa ha'a. Pai' ra- 'ona' N- tuku' langa ha'a Pai' 3pE-stretch_out AF-follow length ha'a and rahenta-mi poronu'. Lomo'-na, powoma, ngkai kaju rahenta-mi po-ronu' Lomo'-na po-woma, ngkai kaju 3pE-use -CMP NR-beat first-3sPO NR-pound from tree to motu'a ba ngkai tanula baru. to motu'a ba ngkai tanula baru REL VRi-hard or from ?pith sugarpalm

There is a piece of wood that resembles Setelah itu kulit kayu yang busuk tadi a board; it is hewn out of a hard tree ditaruh di atas ha'a, sebuah papan yang that is called a pawa tree. The length of dibuat dari sebuah pohon yang keras, this board is about a meter and a half, yaitu pohon pawa. Panjang papan ini and its thickness about • twenty kira-kira 1,05 meter dan tebalnya kira- centimeters. The name of this board is kira 20 cm. Nama dari papan ini ialah a ha'a. It is on top of this ha'a that the ha'a. Setelah kulit kayu busuk itu rotten nunu' bark is stretched out along ditaruh di atas ha'a itu, mereka mulai the length of the ha'a. Then they start memukul dengan menggunakan alat. using the beating implements. First, the Alat pemukul pertama disebut powoma "pounder" is used made from hard wood yang terbuat dari kayu keras atau dari or from the hard part of a sugarpalm bagian keras dari pohon enau. tree. 49

Hi nyanyoa powoma toe rapomohalu' nte Hi nyanyo-a po-woma toe rapo- mo- halu' nte GP front -NR NR-pound that 3pE -TRN/D -VR1 -stream with tolu ncalu' to jadi' ngihi'-na. Moreke-mi tolu N- halu' to jadi, ngihi' -na Mo- reke -mi three LG-stream REL becone tooth -3sPO VRiVRiashedNPVR1 rawoma, lako' rahenta-di to rahanga' ike. rawoma lako' rahenta-di to rahanga' ike 3pE-pound only then 3pE-use -CTR REL 3pE-name ike

Ike toe hanyala watu to motu'a lia, uma Ike toe hanyala watu to mo- tua lia uma ike that one-kind stone REL VR1 -hard very NEG mojoli mopengka. Ntuku' lolita totu'a, watu mojoli mopengka N- tuku' lolita totu'a watu VRi -easy VRi -break AF-follow story elders stone toe ngulu ngkai hameha' bulu' hi ngata toe ngulu ngkai hameha' bulul hi ngata that extrude from one-CLSR mountain GP village

Tike, hi wiwi' ue Koro, mohu' nanga-na. Ike Tike hi wiwi' ue Koro, mohu' nanga -na Ike Tike GP edge water Lariang near delta/mouth-3sPO ike toe ba hangkuja nyala. Rahenta duncu powoma, toe ba hangkuja nyala Ra- henta duncu po-woma that or how_many kind 3pE-use sequal NR-pound hanga'-na: pontina, duncu-na pompii', hanga'-na: poN-tina duncu -na poN-pii', name -3sPO NR- mother sequal-3sPO NR- close_together

The front of the pounder is grooved Pada ujung pemukul itu dibuat celah- with about three grooves[streams], celah bergalur tiga yang merupakan which are its "teeth." When it [the bark] giginya yang menghancurkan kulit kayu has been mashed, only then do they yang dipukul. Setelah hancur dipakailah start to use the ike tools. The ike is a alat kedua yang disebut ike, semacam very hard kind of stone, not easily batu yang keras sekali dan tidak mudah broken. According to what the old pecah. Menurut cerita orang-orang tua, people say, this stone grows out of a batu ini keluar dari sebuah gunung di mountain at the village of Tike, on the desa Tike, di tepi sungai Lariang, dekat banks of the Lariang River, near its mulut sungai. Ada beberapa jenis ike. mouth. There are several kinds of ike. Yang pertama disebut pomma (ibunya) First they get the one that follows the yaitu mengikuti pawoma. pounder; it is called the "mother." 50 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Ike ntongo! pai' ka'omea-na, pompe'oti. ike N- tongo' pai' ka -'omea -na, poN-pe- 'oti ike LG-middle and NR-everything-3sPO NR- TRN/D -done

Ane hudu-mi raronu', rahampe mpopea Ane hudu -mi raronu', rahampe m- po- pea if finish-CMP 3pE-beat, 3pE-hang_up AP-TRN/D-wait_for

kamara-na (hantanga' bangi). Ane mara-mi ka-mara-na haN-tanga' bangi Ane mara-mi, NR-dry -3sPO one_half dry if dry -CMP

rakodo wo'o-mi hi lolo ha'a pai' rapao, hante rakodo wo'o-mi hi lolo ha'a pai' rapao' hante 3pE-spread_out also-CMP GP top ha'a and 3pE-hit with

pompao'. Pompao' toe rababehi ngkai kaju to motu'a poN-pao' poN-pao toe rababehi ngkai kaju to motu'a NR- hit NR- hit that 3pE-make from wood REL VRi-hard

wo'o-wadi hewa powoma, aga uma-hana rangihii'. Patuju wo'o-wadi hewa po-woma aga uma-hana ra- ngihi'-i Patuju also-just like NR-pound but NEG-3sAST 3pE-tooth -LOC purpose rapao' bona mokero laa' ngihi' ike. Ane rapao' bona mokero laa' ngihi' ike Ane 3pE-hit so_that VRi-disappear mark tooth ike if oti-mi rapao', toe-mi to rahanga' kumpe. oti -mi rapao' toe -mi to rahanga' kumpe done-CMP 3pE-hit that-CMP REL 3pE-name barkcloth

Then comes the "crowded one," then the Yang lain disebut pom lalu ike "middle ike" and finally the "completer." tengah dan yang terakhir pompe'oti When they are finished beating, they (pelengkap). Kalau mereka sudah sele- hang it up and wait for it to get semi-- sai memukul, mereka menggantungkan- dry. When it is semi-dry they spread it nya dan menunggu hingga menjadi se- out again on the ha'a and hit it with a tengah kering. Bila sudah setengah •hitter. This hitter is also made from kering mereka taruh kembali ke atas hard wood, just like the pounder, but it ha'a dan memukulnya dengan sebuah does not have teeth. The purpose of pemukul yang disebut pompao'. Pe- hitting it is so the marks left by the ike mukul ini juga dibuat dari kayu keras, teeth disappear. When the bark is done seperti penumbuk, tetapi tidak being hit, that [final product] is what is mempunyai gigi. Tujuan pemukulan called barkcloth. teraklur ini adalah untuk meng- hilangkan tanda bekas akibat pukulan gigi Kalau kulit kayu itu sudah dipukul dengan pompao, hasil terakhir disebut kumpe - jeluang. UMA 51

Bona mahae rapake' ba rapotopi', ba Bona mahae rapake' ba rapo- topi', ba so_that VRi-long_time 3pE-use or 3pE-TRN/D-skirt, or rapohalili, ra'ulai hante kuluma kaju, hanga'-na rapo- halili ra- 'ula-i hante kuluma kaju, hanga'-na 3pE-TRN/D-blouse 3pE-ula -LOC with skin tree name -3sPO ula. Ane oti ra'ulai, lence-na, mperelei. Ane ula Ane oti ra- 'ula-i lence -na, mpere-lei Ane ula if done 3pE-ula -LOC appearance-3sPO ? -red if doko' bona mo'eta, ra'ala' rege' ragelai'-ki, doko' bona mo- 'eta rasa.la' rege' ra- gela'-i -ki, want so_that VRi-black 3pE-take mud 3pE-smear-LOC-3sBEN rapohobo', nte hamengi rapelele', pai' lako, rapo- hobo' nte hamengi rapelele' pai' lako' 3pE-TRN/D-all_over with one-night 3pE-left and only_then rabohoi', mo'eta-mi hiloa-na. Toe-mi to rabohoi' mo- 'eta -mi hilo-a -na Toe -mi to 3pE-wash VRi-black-CMP look-NR-3sPO that-CMP REL rahanga' raluro. Ngkai ree ma'ala-mi rahenta rahanga' raluro Ngkai ree ma- 'ala-mi rahenta 3pE-name 3pE-mud_dye from there VRi-may -CMP 3pE-use rapotopi', rapohalili, rapokumu', pai' ane rapo- topi' rapo- halili rapo- kumu' pai' ane 3pE-TRN/D-skirt 3pE-TRN/D-blouse 3pE-TRN/D-blanket and if tomane ratai' rapopewo. tomane ratai' rapo- pewo man 3pE-tear 3pE-TRN/D-loincloth To insure that the barkcloth can be used Untuk memastikan bahwa jeluang dapat a long time, either as a skirt or a blouse, tahan lama sebagai rok atau blus, bahan it is treated with bark from a tree called itu diberi obat dari kulit kayu sebatang ula. After being treated, it has a reddish pohon yang disebut ula. Sesudah ch- appearance. If black is desired, they obati warnanya menjadi kemerah- take mud and smear it all over [the merahan. Jika menginginkan warna barkcloth], and it is left for a night or so, hitam, mereka mengambil lumpur dan and only then is it washed; it now looks mengolesi seluruh jeluang itu dan black. This [process] is called luroing. dibiarkan selama satu malam, kemudian After that, it may be taken and used as dicuci. Setelah itu warnanya kelihatan a skirt or blouse or blanket, and if a hitam. Proses ini disebut luro. Sesudah man [wants to use it] it is torn [in a itu jeluang diambil dan dipakai sebagai broad strip] and used as a loincloth. rok, blus, selimut, atau untuk cawat laki- laki jika dirobek dengan potongan lebar-lebar. 52 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Ane pohea tomane-hana, to tuwu' mardika nau' Ane po-hea tomane-hana to tuwu' maradika nau' if NR-clothes man -3sAST REL live nobleman although tau biasa • ane mpokule'-i-hana mopaelo tau biasa ane N- po- kule'-i -hana mopaelo person ordinary if AF-TRN/D-able -3sA-3sAST VRi-seek

(modaga), lou hi wiwi' tahi' pai' mpo'oli (Mo- daga) lou hi wiwi' tahi' pai' N- po- 'oli VRi-do_business go GP edge sea and AF-TRN/D-buy puruka, baju, abe' riga. Mopurukai moto-ra, puruka, baju abe' siga Mo- puruka-i moto -ra pants shirt sarong turban VRi-pants -LOC indeed-3pA mohea bana moto-ra. Ane to tuwu' batua, to kabu, mohea bana moto -ra Ane to tuwu' batua, to kabu, VRi-clothes cloth indeed-3pA if REL live slave REL poor hangkedia'-nami ana'-ana' tomane, bate-na haN-kedi' -a -na -mi ana'-ana' tomane bate -na one-little-NR-3sPO-CMP child-child man definitely-3sPO mopewoi. mo- pewo VRi-loincloth-LOC As for the clothing of men, the • ones Biasanya pria keturunan bangsawan, who are noblemen--or even an ordinary atau orang biasa yang mempunyai uang, person if he can afford it-- they seek pergi mencari untung di pantai dan their fortune by going to the coast and mereka membeli celana, kaos kemeja, they buy pants, shirts, sarongs and sarung, dan serban. Jadi biasanya pria turbans. So men wear pants and clothes di Kantewu memakai celana dan made of cloth. As for those who live as pakaian yang terbuat dari kain. slaves or poor people, not to mention Sedangkan pria yang hidup sebagai boys, they of course wear loincloths. seorang budak atau orang rmskin, serta anak-anak kecil mamakai cawat. RAMPI 53

RAMPI Rampi is a member of the Kaili-Pamona language group. It is spoken by approximately 7,000 people who live in Luwu district, South Sulawesi, about five days walk from Masamba town to the north near the border of South and Central Sulawesi. Of the texts in this volume, Rampi is most closely related to the Uma language, but at the same time it is quite distinct. Since this particular text represents an early analysis of the language, some of the affixes, especially the verbalizers (VR), are not clearly differentiated. The following text is a Rampi legend (simple narrative text) recorded by. MPone Wungko in Onondowa Rampi November 1988. LOLITA ANA'NA DATU KA RAMPI The Legend of the King's Rat Son

Hambokomo datu ulu'na • i Rampi'. Moto'a-to'a hamboko-mo datu ulu' -na i Rampi' mo- to'a-to'a marry -CMP king source-3PO GP Rampi VRi-year-RED mohi hamboko hawa'hi moa'. Noti'i mohi hamboko hawa'-hi moana' noti'i 3pPRO marry NEG -3pA VRi-child 3sE -say datu: "Hapomo he'e dumbu'te hamboko hei datu hapo-mo he'e dumbu' -te hamboko hei king what-CMP this benefit-lpPO marry. and hawa'ki moana'." hawa'-ki moana' NEG -lpiA VRi-child

A long time ago there was a king in Dahulu kala ada seorang raja di Rampi Rampi, who was married. He had been yang sudah menikah. Sudah bertahun- marned for years, but didn't have any tahun is menikah, tetapi belum children. The king said to his wife: mempunyai anak. Raja berkata "What is the purpose in being married, [kepada istrinya], "Apa gunanya kita since we don't have children?" menikah, jika kita tidak punya anak?"

54 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

To pobaha' iomo to Noti'i to pobaha' io -mo to noti'i REL CAUS-know 3sPRO-CMP person 3sE -say

hantambine: "E hingke' hapo to wali ha'io ingki, to hantambi-ne e hingke' hapo to wali ha'io ingki' to wife -3sPO well so_that what REL do NEG 2PRO REL

pobaha' kotuwu'te. petotoi' to modola' pobaha' ko-tuwu'-te pe-totoi' to modola' CAUS-know NR-live -1pPO NR-create REL VRi-divide

tuwu'te ba hohumbo konobolobia'te." tuwu'-te ba hohumbo ko-no- bolobia'- te live -1pPO maybe how NR-3sE-blessing-lpPO

I tempo tie' uwa' wo'o wulehu' mampehoromua i tempo tie' uwa' wo'o wulehu' ma- mpe- horomua GP time that to be also mouse VRt-CAUS-hear

wiharora ba pololitana datu to hamboko he'e. wiharo-ra ba po-lolita-na datu to hamboko he'e speak -3pPO or NR-speech-3sPO king person marry this

Kato'o nopekiri wulehu' he'e lolita to hamboko he'e. kato'o nopekiri wulehu' he'e lolita to hamboko he'e then 3sE-think mouse this speech person marry this

"Agina kupenoto' i umbo penene'ana datu." agina kupenoto' i umbo pe-nene'-a -na datu better 1sE-pay_attention GP where NR-urine-NRs-3sPO king

His wife said: "Well, what can we do? Isterinya meniawab, "Apa yang dapat It is not we who know what our lives will kita buat? Kita tidak mengetahui [apa be. The one who knows, he is the yang akan terjadi dalam] kehidupan creator, who gives us our life. Maybe he kita. Yang mengetahui adalah pencipta will bless us. At that time there was yang memberikan kehidupan kepada also a mouse, who heard the words or kita. Mungkin dia akan memberkati the discussion of the royal couple. The kita." Pada waktu itu ada seekor tikw. mouse started to thmk about the yang mendengar perkataan atau pem. couple's discussion. It is better that I bicaraan raja dan istrinya itu. Tikus itt see where the king usually goes to uri- memikirkan pembicaran suami-isteri ih nate. [berpikir], "Lebih baik saya melihat d mana biasanya raja membuang air seni.' RAMPI SS

Nooki' mpu'u penene'ana. Kopolainalu nooki' mpu'u pe-nene'-a -na ko-polai -na -lu 3sE-look really NR-urine-NRs-3sPO NR-depart-3sPO-past

datu he'e ka penene'ana liu-liu ako datu he'e ka pe-nene'-a -na liu -liu ako king this from NR-urine-NRs-3sPO straight-RED go

noinu wulehu' nene'ne. Kowato'onamo noinu wulehu' nene'-ne ko-wato'o -na -mo 3sE-drink mouse urine-3sPO NR-like_that-3sPO-CMP

hantiolu-hantiolu hawa'i molai kato'o. ha- N- mehiolu-ha-N-mehiolu hawa'-i molai kato'o one-QNs-morning-RED MEG -3sA depart from_there

Mohinona'imo wulehu' he'e. I tempo tie' hawa'i mohinona'i-mo wulehu' he'e i tempo tie' hawa'-i pregnant -CMP mouse this GP time that MEG -3sA

nopohente wulehu' he'e mahuli'-huli' pe tambina nopohente wulehu' he'e mahuli' -huli' pe tambi-na 3sE-free mouse this VRt-return-RED to house-3sPO datu. Ako moruru' rupu' pangka to moono' no'oka. datu ako moruru' rupu' pangka to moono' no- 'oka king go VRi-pick leftover rice REL VRi-fall 3sE-eat

Hawa'i mohai katovo moana'mo wulehu' he'e. hawa'-i mohai kato'o moana' -mo wulehu' he'e NEG -3sA long_time later VRi-child-CMP mouse this

So she carefully took note of the place. Maka ia memperhatikan letak kamar After the king had left, she went kecil raja. Sesudah raja pergi dari immediately and drank his urine. She kamar kecilnya, tikus itu segera did this every morning and didn't leave meniinum air seni raja. Demikianlah that place. Then she became pregnant. dilakukannya setiap pagi, dan ia tidak During that time she went again and meninggalkan tempat itu. Kemudiaa again to the king's house. She went to tikus itu hamil. Pada waktu itu ia meng- pick up the rice that fell from the house unjungi rumah raja terus-menerus. Dia and ate it. Some time later she gave pergi memungut sisa nasi yang jatuh birth. dan rumah dan dia memakannya. Tidak lama kemudian tikus itu melahirkan. SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Hampale nopoana'ki haduo toa' toma'ani. hampale nopo- ana' -ki haduo toa' toma'ani suddenly 3sE-CAUS-child-BEN one-CLSR person man • Maranga lentene hei norewu moromi' ino'na. maranga lente-ne hei norewu moromi' ino' -na handsome face -3sPO and. 3sE-takecare VRi-well mother-3sPO Kato'o norewumo ana'na wute kode'. kato'o norewu -mo ana, -na wute kode' then 3sE-take care-CMP child-3sPO until big Peoha'ara i wolo' woi, to koroba. Masusamo pe-oha'-a -ra i wolo' woi' to koroba masusa -mo NR-stay-NRs-3pPO GP hole ground REL wide VRt-suffer-CMP lalina ino'na mampekiri tuwu'na ana'na lali -na ino' -na ma- mpe- kiri tuwu'-na ana' -na heart-3sPO mother-3sPO VRt-CAUS-think live -3sPO child-3sPO ala' io manusia'.Wini-wini tolou pe tambina datu ala' io manusia' wini -wini tolou pe tambi-na datu because 3sPRO human evening-RED go to house-3sPO king moruru' rupu' pangka hei manako parewa; puruka, moruru' rupu' pangka hei manako parewa puruka VRi-pick leftover rice and VRi-steal clothes trousers badu hei kokumba nokomiki ana'na ala' kode'mo. badu hei kokumba nokomi -ki. ana' -na ala' kode'-mo shirt and sarong 3sE-bring-BEN child-3sPO because big -CMP

Suddenly she gave birth to a human boy. Tiba-tiba • ia melahirkan seorang anak The boy was handsome and his mother, laki-laki. Rupanya gagah dan ibunya the mouse; took good care of him. She [tikus itu] memehharanya dengan bank, took care of her child until he was big. dia memelihara anaknya hingga besar. They stayed in a wide hole in the Mereka tinggal di dalam lubang tanah ground. His mother had a hard time yang lebar. Ibunya mengalami kesulitan taking care of his needs, since he was a dalam membesarkan anaknya, karena human. In the evenings she went to the anaknya adalah manusia. Setiap malam king's house to pick up leftover rice and dia pergi ke rumah raja memungut sisa steal clothing; trousers, shirts and nasi dan mencuri pakaian, celana, baju sarongs which she took to her son dan sarung untuk diberikan kepada because he had grown up. anaknya, karena anaknya sudah besar. RAMPI 57

Hampiha tempo wulehu' he'e mokadoro' pe lopo' hampiha tempo wulehu' he'e mokadoro' pe lopo' once time mouse this VRi-go_for_walk to forest Pokadoro'na he'e, hampale nopolala pewa'na po-kadoro, -na he'e hampale nopo-lala pewa'-na NR-go_for_walk-3sPO this suddenly 3sE-NR-road snare-3SPO toa'. Kato'o noroa liu mahi. Nopekau toa' kato'o noroa liu mahi nopekau person then 3sE-trapped straight die 3sE-wait ana'na hawa'i hupa'. Kato'o ako nopali' i lopo'. ana' -na hawa'-i hupa' kato'o ako nopali' i lopo' child-3sPO NEG -3sA come later go 3sE-seek GP forest Hampale nohua mpu'u noroamo pewa' hei mahimo. hampale nohua mpu'u noroa -mo pewa' hei mahi-mo suddenly 3sE-meet really 3sE-trapped-CMP snare and die -CMP Nowahu ka pewa' nokomi pe peoha'ara i wolo' nowahu ka pewa' nokomi pe pe-oha'-a -ra i wolo' 3sE-open from snare 3sE-bring to NR-stay-NRs-3pPO GP hole woi'. Ito'omo noputu' ino'ne hei nopo'oda' woi' to'o -mo noputu' ino' -ne hei nopo'oda' ground GP-there-CMP 3sE-wrap_up mother-3sPO and 3sE-guard nopeoloni. Nohori datu uwa' to peola pe lali no- pe- olo-ni nohori datu uwa' to pe-ola pe lali 3sE-CAUS-cry-LOC 3sE-hear king to_be person NR-cry to inside ngkora. ng-kora LG-grass

One time the mouse went for a walk to Pada suatu waktu tikus ini berjalan- the forest. Suddenly on the path there jalan ke hutan. Ia melewati jerat yang was a man's snare. She was trapped and dipasang orang di sana; ia terkenajerat she died immediately. Her son waited, orang dan mati seketika. Anaknya but she didn't return. Then he went to menunggu, tetapi ibunya tidak pulang. look for his mother in the forest. Lalu ia pergi mencari ibunya di hutan. Suddenly he found his mother, already Tiba-tiba dia mendapati ibunya terkena dead in the trap. He opened the snare jerat dan sudah mati. Ia membuka jerat and brought the body to their home, itu dan membawah ibunya pulang ke which was a hole in the ground. There tempat tinggal mereka di lubang tanah. he wrapped up the body and guarded it Di situlah ia membungkus jenazah and cried for his mother, the mouse. ibunya, tikus itu, dan menjaga serta The king heard someone crying in the menangisinya. Raja mendengar grass. tangisan seseorang dari dalam rumput. 58 SULAWESILANGUAGETEXTS

Liu-liu ako nopali', hampale nohua mpu'u i liu -liu ako nopali' hampale nohua mpu'u i straight-RED go 3sE-seek suddenly 3sE-meet really GP lali wolo' woi'. Noele oana' toma'ani to meola lali wolo' woi' noele o- ana' toma'ani to meola inside hole ground 3sE-see PI-child man REL VRi-cry tie'. Maranga mpololeke lentene, nihina bulawa, tie' maranga mpololeke lente-ne nihi -na bulawa that handsome really-very face -3sPO tooth-3sPO gold kolupa'na bulawa. Liu-liu nohoki' datu ana' tie' kolupa'-na bulawa liu -liu nohoki' datu ana' tie' nail -3sPO gold straight-RED 3sE-seize king child that hante to nopo'oda' nokomi pe tambina. Kohupa'na hante to nopo'oda' nokomi pe tambi-na ko-hupa'-na with REL 3sE-guard 3sE-bring to house-3sPO NR-come -3sPO datu mangkomi oana' to nohua, liu-liu nokomi datu mang-komi o- ana' to nohua liu -liu nokomi king VRt- bring PI-child REL 3sE-meet straight-RED 3sE-bring pe lali koturuara ala' mo-tana'-i pa-hua pe lali ko-turu -a -ra ala' motana'-i pa- hua to inside NR-sleep-NRs-3pPO because VRi-glad -3sA VRt-meet oana' toma'ani to maranga lentena. o- ana' toma'ani to maranga lente-na PI-child man REL handsome face -3sPO

Right away he went to look for the Tanpa menunggu, ia pergi mencari source and suddenly found that the sumber tangisan itu, dan menemukan sound came from a hole in the ground. suara itu berasal dari dalam lubang He saw a boy crying. He was really tanah. Raja melihat seorang anak laki- handsome and he had gold teeth and laki sedang menangis. Anak itu sangat nails. So the king seized the boy and the tampan dan mempunyai gigi serta kuku cloth that he was guarding and took dari emas. Raja langsung menangkap them to his house. The king returned anak itu serta bungkusan yang sedang with the boy that he had found and took dijaga anak itu dan membawanya him to his bed, because he was really pulang ke rumahnya. Sesampainya di happy to have found such a handsome rumah raja membawa anak ke kamar boy. tidurnya, karena sangat senang mendapat seorang anak yang tampan. RAMPI 59

Kato'o noparesa'mo ba himo ino'na hei kato'o noparesa'-mo ba himo ino' -na hei then 3sE-check -CMP maybe who mother-3sPO and umo'na, angkana noti'i: "Mohili'a manti'i." Angkana umo' -na angkana noti'i mo-hili'-a man-ti'i angkana father-3sPO but 3sE-say VRi-shy -1sA VRt-say but noti'i datu: "Nio' ipohili' manti'i pe aku." noti'i datu nio' po- hili, man-ti'i pe aku 3sE-say king PRB 2sE-CAUS-shy VRt-say to 1sPRO

Hini'i mololita: "Merapi'a rima i ingki' datu mololita merapi'- a rima i ingki' datu want -3sA VRi-speech VRi-ask_for-1sA love GP 2PRO king inio' to kuposala' ka ingki'. "Uwa' datu i i- nio' to ku- po- sala' ka ingki' uwa' datu i 2sE -PRB REL 1sE-CAUS-wrong from 2PRO to_be king GP bola'ta he'e lalo hawa'i moana'. Datu tie' bola' -ta he'e lalo hawa'-i moana' datu tie' village-lpPO this unfertile NEG -3sA VRi-child king that mohaimo hamboko hawa' uwa' ana'ra. Hei i bola' mohai -mo hamboko hawa' uwa' ana' -ra hei i bola' long_time-CMP marry NEG have child-3pPO and GP village he'e wo'o uwa' wulehu' lopo' to kode' mahuli'-huli' he'e wo'o uwa' wulehu' lopo' to kode' mahuli' -huli' this also to_be mouse forest REL big VRt-return-RED mainu nene'na datu. mainu nene'-na datu VRt-drink urine-3sPO king

After that he wanted to find out who the Kemudian raja ingin mengetahui siapa boy's parents were, but the boy said. "I orang tua anak itu, tetapi anak itu ber- am embarrassed to tell you." But the kata, "Saya malu menceritakannya king said. "Don't be embarrassed to tell kepada paduka." Tetapi raja berkata, me." Then he was willing to explain. "I "Jangan malu untuk mengatakannya ask you to forgive me and not to blame kepadaku." Kemudian barulah ia mau me. There was a king in our village, menjelaskan. "Saya mohon ampun dan who was impotent and didn't have a jangan mempersalahkan hamba. Ada child. They had been married for a long raja di kampung kami mandul dan tidak time and didn't have children. mempunyai anak. Dia sudah lama kawin tetapi belum mempunyai anak. 60 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Kato'o mohinona'imo, wute moana'. Akumo kato'o mohinona'i-mo wute moana' aku -mo then VRi-pregnant-CMP until VRi-child 1sPRO-CMP ana'n i umo'ku iomo datu to ana' -na mewali umo' -ku io -mo datu to child-3sPO VRi-do father-lsA 3sPRO-CMP king REL menene' hawa' kubaha'ki ba i umbo menene' hawa' kubaha'-ki ba i umbo VRi-urine NEG lsE-know1sE-know -BEN maybe GP where kouwa'ane. " Nopekiri datu he'e: "Hawa' uwa' ko-uwa' -a -ne nopekiri datu he'e hawa' uwa' NR-to be-NRs-3sPO 3sE-think king this NEG to_be datu ntani' i bola' he'e ukona akulu." datu ntani' i bola' he'e uko -na aku -lu king other GP village this any_other-3sPO 1sPRO-only Kato'o meitanomo datu: "Mewali i umbomo kato'o me- itano-mo datu mewali i umbo -mo then VRi-ask -CMP king VRi-do GP where-CMP ino'mu to iti'i wulehu'?" Honi'i ino' -mu to ti'i wulehu' honi'-i mother-2sPO REL 2sE-say mouse then -3sA nopetido'ki ino'ne iomo wulehu' no- pe- tido'-ki ino' -ne io -mo wulehu' 3sE-CAUS-point-BEN mother-3sPO 3sPRO-CMP mouse noputu' ranta' wida. noputu' ranta' wida 3sE-wrap_up old_cloth cloth

In that village there was also a big wild Di kampung itu juga ada seekor tikus rat that often went to drink the king's hutan yang besar, yang sering meminum urine. Later she became pregnant and air seni raja. Kemudian hamillah dia gave birth to a child. I'm her child. My sampai beranak. Sayalah anaknya. father is the the king who went to Ayah hamba adalah raja yang urinate, I don't know where he is now." membuang air seni, hamba tidak tahu di The king realized that there wasn't any mana dia berada." Dia berpikir tidak other king in the village except himself. ada raja lain di kampung ini selain dia. Then the king asked. "So where is your Kemudian raja bertanya. "Jadi di mother that you said was a mouse?" manakah ibumu yang seekor tikus itu?" Then he pointed to his mother, the rat Lalu dia tunjukkan ibunya yang that he had wrapped in an old cloth. terbungkus dalam kain tua. RAMPI 61

Konooki'nalu datu wulehu' to mahimo tie' ko-nooki'-na -lu datu wulehu' to mahi-mo tie' NR-3sE-look-3sPO-past king mouse REL die -CMP that meolamo datu, ala' nobaha' tu'u loleke meola-mo datu ala' nobaha' tu'u loleke VRi-cry-CMP king because 3sE-know true very pololitana oana' to nohua he'e. Masusa po-lolita-na o- ana' to nohua he'e masusa NR-speech-3sPO PI-child REL 3sE-meet this VRt-suffer lalina, angkana kode' wo'o tana' lalina, ala' lali -na angkana kode, wo'o tana' lali -na ala' heart-3sPO but big also glad inside-3sPO because uwa'mo ana'na to mewota bulawa ka wulehu' to uwa'-mo ana' -na to mewota bulawa ka wulehu' to have-CMP child-3sPO REL VRi-body gold from mouse REL mahimo noroa pewa'na toa'. Hingki'i noti'i mahi-mo noroa pewa'-na toa' hingki'i noti'i die -CMP 3sE-trapped snare-3sPO person after_that 3sE-say datu he'e i ana'na: "Akumo datu umo'mu, ala' datu he'e i ana' -na aku -mo datu umo' -mu ala' king this GP child-3sPO 1sPRO-CMP king father-2sPO because tu'u hintoto' pololitamu. tu'u hintoto' po-lolita-mu true agree_with NR-speech-2sPO

After seeing the royal rat that had Setelah melihat tikus mulia yang sudah already died the king started to cry, mati itu, menangislah raja karena dia because he knew that the boy's story tahu bahwa cerita anak itu betul. Raja was true. The king was sad, but he was bersedih hati, tetapi juga bahagia also happy that he now had a son, with a karena dia sekarang mempunyai anak golden body from the rat which had yang berbadan emas dan tikus yang died when it was caught in a man's sudah mati terkena jerat. Sesudah itu snare. After that the king said to his raja berkata kepada anaknya, "Sayalah son. "I'm the king, your father, because raja, yang adalah ayahmu karena sesuai your story is exactly true. dengan perkataanmu. 62 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Mewali, kupohawa'kimo toa' mowali mewali ku- po- hawa'-ki -mo toa' mowali VRi-then lsE-CAUS-order-BEN-CMP people VRi-make

polotiana ino'mu, hei ino'mu totawu po-loti-a -na ino' -mu hei ino' -mu totawu NR-wood-NRs-3sPO mother-2sPO and mother-2sPO lpiE-bury

hangaa-ngaa toporoko'ki bukolu hampulu hangaangaa to- po- roko'-ki bukolu ha- N- pulu must lpiE-CAUS-kill -BEN water_buffalo one-QNs-ten

mba'ana no'oka toa' to metawu." Kato'o rotawumo mba'ana no -'oka toa' to metawu kato'o ro- tawu-mo animal 3sE-eat people REL VRi-bury later 3pE-bury-CMP

mpu'u wulehu' tie'. Ukohi metawu mpu'u wulehu' tie' uko -hi metawu really mouse that finish-3pA VRi-bury

nokokono'imo ana'na tie' hi Hangkaru, nokokono' -mo ana' -na tie' hi Hangkaru 3sE-give_name-3sA-CMP child-3sPO that PI Hangkaru

hingki'i mosusa' motana'-tana' mohi datu moawa hingki'i mosusa' motana'-tana' mohi datu moawa after_that VRi-feast VRi-glad -RED 3pPRO king with•

hantambina, ala' uwa'mo ana'ra lia' maranga hantambi-na ala' uwa'-mo ana' -ra lia' maranga wife -3sPO because have-CMP child-3pPO also handsome

ana'ra tie'. ana' -ra tie' child-3pPO that

So I have ordered people to make a Saya telah memerintahkan orang casket for your mother and we will bury membuat peti mati untuk ibumu dan her. 1 will provide ten waterbuffalos to kita akan menguburkannya. Saya akan butcher and feed the people who attend menyediakan sepuluh ekor kerbau the funeral." Later they buried the rat. untuk disembelih dan memberi makan After the funeral the king gave his son orang yang menghadiri penguburan the name Hangkaru and then the menguburkan ibumu." Kemudian people feasted together with the king mereka menguburkan tikus itu. Setelah and his wife rejoicing that they finally selesai menguburkan tikus itu, raja me- had a son, and a handsome one at that. namai anaknya itu Hangkaru. Sesudah itu mereka berpesta bersama-sama raja dan permaisuri, karena akhirnya mereka mempunyai anak yang tampan. RAMPI 63

Roroko' bukolu tolumpulu mba'ana roroko' bukolu tolu- m- pulu mba'ana 3pE-kill waterbuffalo three-QNs-ten animal rowowoi datu-datu ka motoando, ka kotompuha rowowoi datu-datu ka motoando ka kotompuha 3pE-invite king-king from east from west mosusa' ngkode' hei motana' ngkode'hi. Wato'omo mosusa' ng-kode, hei motana' ng-kode'-hi wato'o -mo VRi-feast LG-big and VRi-glad -big -3pA like_that-CMP lolita he'e ukomo. lolita he'e uko -mo speech this finish-CMP

They killed 30 water buffalos and Mereka menyembelih tigapuluh ekor invited the kings from east and west and kerbau serta mengundang raja-raja dari had a big feast and everyone really timur dan dari barat untuk berpesta enjoyed it. Thus is the story. ra dan bergembira. Demikianlah rkisah itu. 64 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

SEKO

The Seko Padang language is spoken by approximately 4700 speakers in both Central and• South Sulawesi. It is located in the mountains northwest of Masamba (about four days walk) near the Central Sulawesi border in Luwu district. About half of the people have resettled in the Palolo valley near Palu in Central Sulawesi.

Linguistically Seko shares some of the features found in other languages of the area, but also stands alone in a number of aspects. A separate set of pronominals is found following the verb, but is used in negative or benefactive constructions (NB) in most instances, while the PAN ergative pronominal system is all but lost. Two goal-focus (GF) prefixes are found depending on whether or not there is a specified actor. The suffix which has been glossed as LOC here, encompasses more than the normal locative-indicating suffix; it indicates that whatever the scope of the sentence is, it may act as a "direct Object" to the verb.

The following text was written in June 1988 in Ape' village, Palolo by Wilem Tatiba Landoo, a leader of a minor clan among the Seko. The marriage custom he describes is a traditional one and rarely used nowadays. Marriage ceremonies now tend to follow the style of mainstream Indonesian custom. This expository text has some hortatory functions as well because it not only tells something about family relationships and marriage, but it also tells the listener what certain of those relationships should be like. SANGKORING Marriage Customs Jadi' pararanna ku mihaka: ma i Inanna Palu' jadi' pa- rara -na ku mihaka: ma i ina -na Palu' so AJR-begin-3PO 1sPRO INT-glad go at mother-3PO Paul. mampaheng ka' tempo mampatidolu kaminna mam-pa- hea -ing ka' tempo mam-patidolu kami -na TRN-CAUS-give-BEN 1NB time TRN-account lpxPRO-3PO sampantaladiang. sang-mantaladi-ang one- sibling -NR

First of all, I am thankful to Pauls Pertama-tama saya berterima kasih mother for giving me the opportunity to kepada ibunya Paulus yang memberikan tell about my family. kesempatan kepada saya untuk menceritakan tentang keluarga saya. SEKO 65

Jadi' kami sampantaladiang ara karo'a tau, jadi' kami sang-mantaladi-ang ara karo'a: tau so lpxPRO one- sibling -NR are eight person hampo' mate mo ti italu. Ki lima hampo' mate mo ti italu ki lima but die CMP this three lpnPRO five ra i ti ung tuho: Jadi' dea ti ra i ti ung tuho: jadi' dea ti left only this that live so 3PRO this tu dolungki mate mo nasang. Dea ti tu dolu -ki mate mo nasang dea ti person before-lpnPO die CMP all 3PRO this ada'na tu Padang ma i tu dolu, ada' -na tu Padang ma i tu dolu custom-3PO person Padang go at person before parallu nisangadi ti tu dolu, ha parallu nisangadi ti tu dolu hang need 3GFnoA-respect this person before NEG mading i nitiapa'. Mene: ho mading i nitiapa', mene: ho allow 3NB 3GFnoA-disrespect as also pinukaa ma i adinna. pinukaa ma i adi: -na one_who_is-older_sibling go at younger_sibling-3PO

There were eight children in my family Saya bersaudara delapan orang, tetapi but three have died. Now there are only tiga orang meninggal. Jadi, sekarang five of us living. As for my parents, they hanya ada lima orang yang hidup. are dead. The [Seko] Padang people's Sedangkan orang tua saya, semuanya custom in. relating to their parents is sudah meninggal. Dalam adat orang that the parents must be respected. [Seko] Padang orang tua harus di- They may not be disrespected. This is hormati. Mereka tidak boleh also the way an older sibling [should] dipandang rendah. Demikian juga relate to his younger sibling. seorang kakak terhadap adiknya. 66 SULAMTSILANGUAGETEXTS

Na pulemu ti adinna pang na sangadi na pulemu ti adi: -na pang na sangadi 3GFwA have-love this younger_sibling-3PO and 3GFWA respect ti kaanna Pang ma i ala'na tu dolu ti kaa -na pang ma i ala' -na tu dolu this older_sibling-3PO and go at between-3PO person before na anaka ha mading i patiapa' pang ha mading na anaka hang mading i patiapa' pang hang mading and child NEG allow 3NB AJR-disrespect and NEG allow i pasongkong ma i tu dolunna. Sangadinna parallu i pasongkong ma i tu dolu -na sangadi-na parallu 3NB AJR-sass go at person before-3PO rather -3PO need na sangadi [ti] tu dolunna, saba' dea mo ti na sangadi ti tu dolu -na saba' dea mo ti 3GFwA respect this person before-3PO because 3PRO CMP this dihata na ita to, tu before-3POadi', mene: mo dihata na ita to tu dolu -na jadi' mene: mo god 3GFwA see that person before-3P0 so as CMP to ti, ala'na tu dolu, ba`tu inanna sola: to ti ala' -na tu dolu ba'tu ina -na sola: that this between-3PO person before or • mother-3PO with anakana, pang anakana dea mo pinukaa anaka-na pang anaka-na dea mo pinukaa child-3PO and child-3PO 3PRO CMP one_who_is-older_sibling ma i pinuadi:. ma i pinuadi: go at one_who_is-younger_sibling

The younger sibling must be loved and Adik mesti disayangi dan kakak mesti the older sibling must be respected. dihormati. Bagi anak terhadap orang And as for the relationship between tuanya, anak tidak boleh kurang ajar parents and children: [the children] atau membantah kepada orang tuanya. may not be disrespectful nor sassy Mereka harus menghormati orang tua- toward their parents. Rather, they must nya, sebab demikianlah adat yang diberi respect their parents, because this is the oleh roh-roh kepada leluhur kita. Jadi, way the spints directed our ancestors. begitulah hubungan' antara orang tua So, this is what the relationships are like atau ibu dan anaknya, dan hubungan between parents and their children, and antara anaknya, yaitu antara kakak dan between their children, that is, older adik. siblings and younger siblings.

SEKO 67

Pang i kibahine mi ti besanna te anaka, pang i kibahine mo ti besa-na te anaka and CND INT-woman CMP-CND this one -3PO this child

dea ti ada'na to Padang maringang da dea ti ada' -na to Padang maringang da 3PRO this custom-3PO person Padang AJR-light 3EMP

tongang, karena i na kibahine mo i na tongang karena i na kibahine mo i na truly because CND 3GFwA INT-woman CMP CND 3GFWA

mangkorai mo bahine, ti: muane ra ka bahine mang-kora-i mo bahine ti: muane ra=ka bahine TRN- find-LOC CMP woman this man whether woman

ra ka, ha mangking i na isang tau boso:. ra=ka hang mangking i na isang tau boso: whether NEG so that 3NB 3GFWA know person many

Sangadi na isang po teng dea mo tu dolunna sangadi na isang po=teng dea mo tu dolu -na except 3GFWA know only 3PRO CMP person before-3PO

bahine pang na isang tu dolunna muane, Moo bahine pang na isang tu dolu -na muane moo woman and 3GFWA know person before-3PO man saying

"alo dea to innea mo ti muane, Ina, Ama". alo dea to inne:-a mo ti muane ina ama day 3PRO that here -F CMP this man mother father

Now, if one's child marries, the custom Adat perkawinan orang Padang tidak of the [Seko] Padang people is truly berbeht-belit karena manakala easy, because if one is going to get seseorang akan menikah (lelaki atau married, (if a man or a woman meets perempuan mendapat pasangan) tidak someone they hope to marry), it's not melibatkan banyak orang. Cukup men- necessary that a lot of people get in- jadi urusan orang tua mempelai laki- volved. Rather, it is necessary only that laki dan mempelai perempuan, berkata, the parents of both the man and woman "Ibu, Bapak, hari sekian perkawinan agree. Saying, "Mother, Father, on such dilaksanakan." and such a day the wedding will take place." 68 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Dea ti ung na pake tu Padang i na sikore, dea ti ung na pake tu Padang i na sikore 3PRO this that 3GFPIA use person Padang CND 3GFWA REC-dish na konai sua: Malayu i latenna moo "perkawinan", na kona:-i sua: Malayu i latenna moo perkawinan 3GFwA say -LOC words Malay at now saying marriage maringang da tongang. Kana' da teng sikore, besa maringang da tongang kana' da teng sikore besa AJR-light 3EMP truly enough 3EMP only REC-dish one karibang besa tulu manoko, siasei. Pang dea to tulu karibang besa tulu manoko si- ase pang dea to tulu plate one egg chicken REC-wash-LOC and 3PRO that egg manoko sola: karibang na toka' to amanna bahine manoko sola: karibang na toka' to ama -na bahine chicken with plate 3GFwA hold that father-3PO woman na pidihatai, Na konai i laling sua:na na pi- dihata-i na kona:-i i laling sua: -na 3GFwA INST-god -LOC 3GFwA say -LOC at in words-3PO mene: tee moo "Te tulu manoko makalebu na mene: mene: tee moo te tulu manoko makalebu na mene: as this saying this egg chicken AJR-round and as rang mo ho ti: i laling kasikoringammu se, rang mo ho ti: i laling ka-si- koring -ang-mu se later CMP also this at in NR-REC-cooking_pot-NR -2PO PL

The Padang people's custom when they Adat perkawinan orang Padang, yang marry, nowadays called by the Malay sekarang disebut dalam bahasa term "perkawinan", is not burdensome. Indonesia "perkawinan", sangat seder- A11 that one needs to do to marry is to hana. Dalam upacara perkawinan have one plate and one chicken egg cukup menyediakan sebuah mangkok [boiled, which is divided and eaten by dan sebutir telur rebus [yang dibelah the two, after the two] wash each other's dua, dimakan bersama, sesudah] hands. And [before eating the egg] this masing-masing saling mencucikan egg and plate are both held up by the tangan.. [sebelum mempelai memakan woman's father who prays, saying words telur -itu] Mangkok yang berisi telur like this, "As this egg is whole, so it will rebus itu diangkat oleh ayah mempelai perempuan seraya menaikkan doa, "Telur ayam ini bulat, semoga seperti SEKO

kasipubahineammu se, makalebu dea' u ka-si- pu- bahine-ang-mu se makalebu dea' u NR-REC-have-woman -NR -2PO PL AJR-round until 2PRO

kapatei ise." Jadi', mene: mo da ti ka- pa- mate-i se jadi' mene: mo da ti AFF-CAUS-die -LOC PL so as CMP 3EMP this

anunna i na sipubahine tu Padang. anu -na i na si- pu- bahine tu Padang object-3PO CND 3GFwA REC-have-woman person Padang

be from now on in your home, your itulah juga bulatnya rumah tanggamu, marriage, until you die." So, that's the sampai kalian menemui ajal". Jadi, way it is when Padang people marry. demikianlah adat istiadat perkawinan orang Padang.

Petrus Tabangke recorded and transcribed the following text in February 1985. Tabangke has a reputation among Seko people as a story teller and historian. This is an expository text which explams the value of water buffalo to the Seko Padang people, what they are used for, and how they are cared for.

BALULANG I SEKO Water Buffalo at Seko

Balulang i Seko besa olo'-olo' pampuhali ung na balulang i Seko besa olo'=olo' pa- puhali ung na water buffalo at Seko one animals AJR-use that 3GFwA puhali tu Seko. puhali tu Seko use person Seko

Water buffalo are useful animals used Kerbau adalah binatang berharga yang by the Seko people. digunakan oleh orang Seko. 70 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Balulang tee nipake pariu: pang sintanana balulang tee nipake pariu: pang sintana:-na water buffalo this 3GFnoA-use work_paddy and other -3PO ho nai anto nipake ho bala'na miluhali ho na- i anto nipake ho bala'-na miluhali again from-at there 3GFnoA-use also buy -3PO INT-become na baloko tu Seko na babe doi untuk na baloko tu Seko na babe doi untuk 3GFwA sell person Seko 3GFwA make money for kaparalluanna i dapo'. Tempona mi tau ka-parallu-ang-na i dapo' tempo-na mo tau NR-need -NR -3PO at household time -3PO CMP-CND person pariu: mene: te latenna, nitoro'mo ho ti pariu: mene: te latenna nitoro' -mo ho ti work_paddy as this now 3GFnoA-follow-CMP also this balulang ma i litaka; nileling. balulang mao-i litaka nileling water_buffalo go -LOC rice_paddy 3GFnoA-trample Nileling tee mangking mapetaka ti nileling tee mangking mapetaka ti 3GFnoA-trample this so that AJR-mud this litaka, belo nipammulai. Muleling litaka belo ni- pang-mula muleling rice_paddy good 3GFnoA-CAUS-plant-LOC INT-trample sibaliang pampuhalianna terektor. si- bali-ang pang-puhali-ang-na terektor REC-same-NR NR- use -NR -3PO tractor

Water buffalo are used for preparing Kerbau dipakai mengolah sawah, juga the paddies for planting. Besides that, sebagai barang yang dijual oleh orang they are used commercially and the Seko untuk mendapat uang bagi keper- Seko person can sell [the buffalo] and luan dalam rumah tangga. Kerbau di- get money for his household needs. pakai mengolah sawah, juga sebagai When it's time to prepare the paddies barang yang dijual oleh orang Seko for planting, as it is now, the buffalo are untuk mendapat uang bagi keperluan driven to the paddy, which they trample. dalam rumah tangga. Kalau tiba It is trampled like this so that the paddy waktunya mengolah sawah, seperti seka- becomes muddy and good for planting. rang, kerbau diusir ke sawah untuk Using buffalo to churn up the earth is membajak sawah. Mebajak sawah ini like using a tractor. dimaksudkan supaya sawah menjadi gembur dan baik untuk ditanami. Hasil membajak ini sama dengan hasil membajak dengan traktor. SEKO 71

ladu mi muleling ba'tu i da nipake i ladu mo muleling ba'tu i da nipake CND finish CMP -CND INT-trample or CND CNDNEG 3GFnoA-use i hura ti balulang, niholimo lumao i i hura ti balulang niholi-mo lumao i 3NB again this water_buffalo 3GFnoA-free-CMP go at pasanna pang nene nipakanne: sia mangking ha pasang-na pang nene nipa-kanne: sia mangking hang place -3PO and always 3GFnoA-CAUS-eat salt so that NEG maila i. Jadi dea ti balulang mangking nene maila i jadi' dea ti balulang mangking nene AJR-wild 3NB so 3PRO this water_buffalo so_that always nipake, nene to da ho nihenging sia nipake nene to da ho ni- heng-ing sia 3GFnoA-use always that 3EMP also 3GFnoA-give-BEN salt mangking mau:. Mangampu balulang i Seko sisala: mangking mau: mang-ampuvbalulang i Seko sisala: so_that tame TRN- own water_buffalo at Seko REC-different maang anjuranna ung muparenta, mangkonai maang anjur -ang-na ung muparenta mang-kona:-i still suggest-NR -3PO that INT-govern TRN- say -LOC mote' mangampu balulang parallu nipaku:. moa-te' mang-ampu balulang parallu nipaku: say-that TRN- own water _buffalo need 3GFnoA-pen

When this trampling is done, that is, the Jika selesai membajak sawah, dan buffalo aren't going to be used anymore, kerbau tidak dipergunakan lagi, kerbau- they are taken to their [grazing] place kerbau tersebut digembalakan untuk and turned loose, and they are merumput di padang. Agar supaya ker- periodically fed salt so that they don't bau-kerbau ini tidak liar, binatang- become wtld. So, in order for these binatang ini harus sering-sering diberi buffalo to be used again, they must makan garam supaya mereka tetap continually be given salt so they remain jinak. Cara menggembalakan kerbau di tame. The way of caring for buffalo in Seko, masih bertentangan dengan Seko is still different from the govern- anjuran pemerintah yang mengatakan ment policy which says that if one owns bahwa kerbau-kerbau harus dikandang- buffalo they need to be penned up. kan. 72 SULAWESILANGUAGETEXIS

Hampo'.aturanna tu Seko, mampake maang hampo' atur -ang-na tu Seko mam-pake maang but arrange-NR -3PO person Seko TRN-use still aturang na i tu dolu, niholi ti atur -ang na i tu dolu niholi ti arrange-NR from at person before 3GFnoA-free this balulang pang linamung da ti ung nipaku:. balulang pang in-lamung da ti ung ni-paku: water_buffalo and NR-plant 3EMP this that 3GFnoA-pen Ba'tu nieteng mangking ha na ganggu i olo'-olo' ba'tu nieteng mangking hang na ganggu i olo'=olo' or 3GFnoA-fence so that NEG 3GFWA bother 3NB animals ba'tu nanne: balulang pang olo'-olo' sintana:. ba'tu na- anne: balulang pang olo'=olo' sintana: or 3GFwA-eat water_buffalo and animals other Jadi' dea ti balulang besa barang-barang jadi' dea ti balulang besa barang-barang so 3PRO this water_buffalo one thing -thing masuli'na tu Seko ha ma i to, masuli'-na tu Seko hang mao i i to (ha mao i AJR-value-3PO person Seko NEG go 3NB at that ("without_ nipake ti kininna, nianne: ho ti i to) nipake ti kini-na ni-' anne: ho ti a_doubt") 3GFnoA-use this hoof-3PO 3GFnoA-eat also this bauna, pang nibaloko ho miluhali seeng. bau: -na pang nibaloko ho miluhali seeng flesh-3PO and 3GFnoA-sell also INT-become money

But the Seko way still follows the way of Tata cara Seko masih mengikuti cara- their ancestors: the buffalo are freed cara yang lama di mana kerbau-kerbau and it is the plants that are penned or dilepas. Sedangkan tanaman dipagari fenced in so that they are not bothered supaya tidak diganggu binatang atau 'by animals or eaten by buffalo and dimakan kerbau dan binatang-binatang other animals. So it is without a doubt lain. Jadi, kerbau ini adalah binatang that water buffalo are valuable to the satu-satunya yang paling mahal bagi Seko people, their hoofs are used [for orang Seko, tenaganya dipakai [untuk trampling], their meat is eaten, and they membajak sawah], dagingnya dimakan, can be sold for cash. lagi pula dapat dijual untuk memper- oleh uang. SEKO 73

Pini'na tau i Seko tuho: mutani i litaka pini' -na tau i Seko tuho: mutani i litaka majority-3PO person at Seko live INT-farm at rice_paddy ung mamparallui balulang. Balulang lummu' ung mam-parallu-i balulang balulang lammu' that TRN-need -LOC water_buffalo water_buffalo large tongang angga'na i Seko. Nikonei tongang angga'-na i Seko ni- ka- one: truly value -3PO at Seko 3GFnoA-AFF-Place-LOC mantannai mene i kota ung situho: pegawai, mo te' man-tanna-i mene i kota ung situho pegawai moa te, TRN-know-LOC as at city that REC-live employee say that pegawai ung i aho pegawai, ung i lummu pang pegawai pegawai ung i aho pegawai ung lummu pang pegawai employee that at top employee that at middle and employee ung i hoi'. I mangampu i balulang ung i hoi' i mang-ampu i balulang that at below CND TRN- have CND water_buffalo sikaroapulona, silimapulona, siitalupulona, si- karo'a:-pulo:-na si- lima-pulo:-na si- italu-pulo:-na CTp-eight -ten -3PO CTp-five-ten -3PO CTp-three-ten -3PO sidumpulo: siupa' i dea' dang ara parodo si- dua-pulo: siupa' i dea' dang ara parodo CTp-two-ten CTp-four only until CNDNEG are completely tungka. tungka very

The majority of the Seko people live by Pada umumnya orang Seko hidup farming paddy rice and need water bertani di sawah dan mereka buffalo. The value of water buffalo is memerlukan kerbau, sehingga amat large indeed in Seko. One knows what besar nilai kerbau di Seko. Kita tahu it is like in the city where people live by keadaan di kota di mana orang hidup working jobs, that there are high-level sebagai pegawai, ada pegawai yang employees, medium level employees berkedudukan tinggi, ada yang mene- and low level employees. Someone ngah, dan ada yang rendah. Jika might have about eighty water buffalo, mempunyai kerbau, mungkin ada yang another might have about fifty, another berjumlah delapan puluh ekor, ada yang about thirty or twenty or only four or lima puluh ekor, tiga puluh, atau dua even absolutely none at all. puluh, atau hanya empat ekor kerbau, bahkan ada yang tidak punya sama sekali. 74 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Jadi mene mo kang to ku konei jadi' mene: mo kang to ku ka-one: -i so as CMP for now that 1sPRO AFF -place -LOC mampatidolu balulang nipakena ba'tu mam-patidolu balulang nipake-na ba'tu TRN-account water buffalo 3GFnoA-use -3PO or pampuhalianna, na puhali tau i Seko. pang-puhali-ang-na na puhali tau i Seko NR- use -NR -3P0 3GFWA use person at Seko

So, that's all I have to say for now about Nah, sampai sekian dulu saya men- the use, and usefulness of water buffalo ceriterakan tentang kerbau, peng- as used by the Seko people. gunaannya bagi orang Seko. DURI 75

DURI

The Duri language belongs to the Massenrempulu subfamily, Northern South Sulawesi family. It is located in the three northernmost subdistricts of the Enrekang district (i.e., Alla, Anggeraja and Baraka). Duri is spoken by about 90,000 people and consists of several closely related dialects. Duri is very similar to the Torajan languages, but also has a number of Bugis-language characteristics.

The following text is a procedural discourse and was written by Imran Sandupa, in Baraka subdistrict in March 1987 after watching the process of making cheese. The Duri people are the only group in Sulawesi that knows how to make fresh cheese. It can be made out of either cow or waterbuffalo milk. To get it to coagulate juice from the papaya fruit or leaf (containing papase-enzyme) is added.

CARANA TO MANGKABUAQ DANGKE Making cottage cheese

Iana den madoang mangkabuaq dangke, iana den madoang mang-kabuaq dangke if is STV-want VRi1-make cottage_cheese den jolori tedongtaq iaqrika den jolori tedong -taq iaqrika is first-3EMP waterbuffalo-lpnPO or sapintaq to puramo keanak na sapin-taq to puramo keanak na cow -1pnPO REL finish-CMP VRi5-child and biccuq unapa anakkana. biccuq una -pa anak -na small still-3INC child-3PO

If one wants to make cottage cheese Kalau kita mau membuat keju-dangke one has to have a water buffalo or cow kita harus mempunyai kerbau atau sapi which has given birth and whose calf is yang baru beranak dan anaknya masih still small. kecil. 76 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Sabaq ,ia to dikabuaq dangke sabaq ia to dikabuaq dangke because 3sPRO REL PASS-make cottage_cheese dadikkinara to sapin iaqrika tedong, dadik-na -ra to sapin iaqrika tedong milk -3PO-EMP DEF cow or waterbuffalo jaji ia to tedong dianduqra joloq na jaji ia to tedong di- anduq-ra joloq na so 3sPRO DEF waterbuffalo PASS-milk -EMP first and diala to dadikkina. Iana den mangnganduq diala to dadik-na iana den mang-anduq PASS-fetch DEF milk -3PO if is VRi1-milk dipakandei to tedong dikua naraqda di- pa- kande-i to tedong dikua na-raqda PASS-CAUS-eat -3A DEF waterbuffalo so that 3E-calm jio nginanna, danggiq nakamale- male. jio nginan-na danggiq na-ka- male-male in/at place -3PO PRB 3E-VRi6-go -RED Iana tedong malaira digalungngi danggiq iana tedong malaira di- galung-i danggiq if waterbuffalo STV-wild PASS-bind -3A PRB napundiu-diu. Iana den la mangnganduqmo dipacucui na-pundiu-diu iana den la mang-anduq-mo di- pa- cucu-i 3E-move -RED if is F VRil-milk -CMP PASS-CAUS-feed-3A joloq to anakkana dikua nacekka to dadikkina. joloq to anak -na dikua na-cekka to dadik-na first DEF child-3PO so that 3E-stimulate DEF milk -3PO

Because cottage cheese is made from Sebab yang dibuat keju-dangke adalah the milk of the cow or water buffalo, the susu sapi dan kerbau, jadi kerbau itu water buffalo is first milked and the harus diperah dahulu untuk diambil milk is taken. If one wants to milk the susunya. Kalau kita [mau] memerah water buffalo, it is first fed, so that it susu kerbau diberikan makanan supaya remains calm in its place, and doesn't kerbau itu tenang di tempatnyajangan move around. If the water buffalo is bergerak-gerak. Kalau kerbau itu liar wild, it is tied np, so that it doesn't dipasung supaya jangan bergerak-gerak. move. When one is going to milk [the Kalau kita akan memerah susu, anaknya cow], the calf is fed first so that milk diberi menyusu supaya air susunya [flow] is stimulated. lancar keluar. DURI 77

Iana cekkamo dialanmi iana cekka -mo diala -an -mi if stimulate-CMP PASS-fetch-BEN-3CMP

pangpanianan to maloqbok dinii pang-pa- ni -an -an to maloqbok di- ni- NR -CAUS-to_place-BEN-NRs REL STV-hollow PASS-to_place-LOC

mpanii dadik ke dianduqmi. Iake la n- pa- ni dadik ke di- anduq-mi iake la VRt-CAUS-to_place-3A milk if PASS-milk -3CMP if F

mangnganduqkiq dipissiq-pissiqi to cucu sapin mang-anduq-kiq dipissiq-pissiq-i to cucu sapin VRil-milk -1pnA PASS-knead -RED -3A DEF udder cow

namaneq diparra to timu cucunna. Iana na-maneq diparra to timu cucu -na iana 3E-then PASS-squeeze DEF nipple udder-3PO if diparramo ciccoromi to dadikkina, na ia joq diparra -mo ciccoro-mi to dadik-na na ia joq PASS-squeeze-CMP squirt -3CMP DEF milk -3PO and 3sPRO D3 dadikkina dipatanannimi to dadik-na di- patan-an -mi. to milk -3PO PASS-catch-BEN-LOC-3CMP DEF pangpanianan maloqbok nenaq. pang-pa- ni -an -an maloqbok nenaq NR -CAUS-to_place-BEN-NRs STV-hollow recently

After the milk flow is stimulated, one Kalau susu itu sudah lancar keluar, di- fetches a hollow container, for holding ambilkan tempat yang bentuknya the milk. Before one begins to milk, the cekung untuk menaruh susu yang cow's udder is kneaded first and then diperah tadi. Kalau kita akan memerah the nipples are squeezed. When one sapi, kita perah susunya lebih dulu baru squeezes, the milk squirts out and it is ujung susunya diperah. Ketika sudah caught in the above mentioned hollow diperah dan susunya keluar, susu itu di- container. tampung di tempat penampungan yang cekung tadi. 78 SULAWE,SI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Iana den puramo mangnganduq dialami iana den pura -mo mang-anduq diala -mi if is finish-CMP VRi1-milk PASS-fetch-3CMP to dadik, na dipatama kurin maneq to dadik na di- pa- tama kurin maneq DEF milk and PASS-CAUS-enter cooking_pot then dipatoppoq jao dapoh, dinasu sanggenna di- pa- toppoq jao dapoh dinasu sangge-na PASS-CAUS-top up trivet PASS-cook until -3PO lonta-lonta. Iana lontamo dipatamaimi lonta-lonta iana lonta-mo di- pa- tama -mi boil -RED if boil -CMP PASS-CAUS-enter-LOC-3CMP lite bandikiq to pura dipasicampuruq lite bandikiq to pura di- si- campuruq plant_sap papaya REL finish PASS-CAUS-REC-mix wai. Iana teqda lite bandikiq, waqding wai iana teqda lite bandikiq waqding water if NEG plant_sap papaya may dialan daun bandikiq iaqrika kaloang diala -an daun bandikiq iaqrika kaloang PASS-fetch-BEN leaf papaya. or rind bandikiq, diparra namaneq disaring. bandikiq diparra na-maneq disaring papaya PASS-wring 3E-then PASS-filter

After milking, the milk is fetched and Ketika kita sudah selesai memerah, susu poured into a cooking pot. Then the itu diambil dan dimasukkan di periuk cooking pot is placed over a trivet dan dinaikkan ke atas tungku kemudian where It is cooked until it boils. After it dimasak sampai mendidih. Bila susu itu boils, papaya sap mixed with water is sudah mendidih dimasukkan getah added. If there is no papaya sap, one pepaya yang sudah dicampur air. Kalau can fetch papaya leaves or rinds, which tidak ada getah pepaya, bisa daun are pressed and then filtered. pepaya atau kulit pepaya, diperas airnya kemudian disaring: DURI 79

Ia joq lite bandikiq nenaq dipatamami ia joq lite bandikiq nenaq di- pa- tama -mi 3sPRO D3 plant_sap papaya recently PASS-CAUS-enter-3CMp ntuq joq dadik lonta-lonta, siciqdiq-siciqdiq n- tuq joq dadik lonta-lonta siciqdiq-siciqdiq PRp-D2 D3 milk boil -RED CTp-little-CTp-RED sanggenna mangtekkemi joq dadik. Iana sangge-na mang-tekke-mi joq dadik iana until -3PO VRi1-thick-3CMP D3 milk if mokkongmo diangkaqimi namaneq mokkong -mo di- angkaq-i -mi na-maneq coagulated-CMP PASS-lift -LOC-3CMP 3E-then dipasisarak to mangtekkena na ia to di- pa- sisarak to mang-tekke-na na ia to PASS-CAUS-REC-separate DEF VRi1-thick-3PO and 3sPRO DEF wainna. Ia joq mangtekkena iaqrika joq wai- na ia joq mang-tekke-na iaqrika joq water-3PO 3sPRO D3 VRi1-thick-3PO or D3 mokkongna dipadoqmi kolak kebulu mokkong -na di- pa- doq -mi kolak kebulu coagulated-3PO PASS-CAUS-down-3CMP coconut_shell VRi5-hair to toqtok polloqna namaneq diassaq dikua to toqtok polloq-na na-maneq diassaq dikua REL hole bottom-3PO 3E-then PASS-press so_that namamara joq dangke. na-ma- mara joq dangke 3E-STV-dry D3 cottage_cheese

The above mentioned papaya sap is Selanjutnya getah pepaya tadi added to the boiling milk a little at a dimasukkan ke dalam susu yang time until the milk becomes thick. mendidih, sedikit demi sedikit sampai After the milk is coagulated, the susu itu jadi mengental. Kalau sudah cooking pot is lifted and the thick milk membeku, diangkat, kemudian yang is separated from the water. Then the kental dipisahkan dari airnya. thick or coagulated milk is put into a Selanjutnya yang kental itu atau yang coconut shell, which has a hole in the sudah membeku dimasukkan di bottom. Then the coagulated milk is tempurung kelapa yang berlubang di pressed, so that the cottage cheese bawahnya, kemudian ditekan supaya becomes dry. keju-dangke mengering. so SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Ia joq dadikkina nenaq waqding diisoq iaqrika ia joq dadik-na nenaq waqding diisoq iaqrika 3sPRO D3 milk -3PO recently may PASS-drink or dipangcoqboran ke kumande na iana den madoang di- pang-coqboh-an ke kande-um na iana den madoang PASS-NR -pour -NRs if eat -VRi4 and if is want nannai joq dangke diceqlai dikua n- anna joq dangke di- ceqla-i dikua VRt-store-3A D3 cottage cheese PASS-salt -3A so that natahan sipatang bongi. na-tahan sipatang bongi 3E-last CTp-four night

The remaining liquid can be drunk or it Selanjutnya susu itu tadi bisa diminum can be sprinkled over rice when eating. atau disiramkan ke nasi kalau makan. If one wants to store the cottage cheese, Kalau kita mau menyimpan keju- it is salted so that it lasts up to four dangke itu, diberi garam supaya tahan days. kira-kira empat malam. DURI

This text is written by Imran Sandupa from Baraka subdistrict in February 1989. It is a narrative giving the history of a custom the Duri people have practiced for many years.

MASSAPEOQ Massapeoq - a Duri Custom Den mesaq curita napucurita to tojolo, den mesaq curita na-pu- curita to tojolo is one story 3E-CAUS-tell_story DEF people-before napasikannai teq disanga na-pa- si- kanna-i teq disanga 3E-CAUS-REC-hit -3A D1 PASS-name massapeoq, susi teq curitanna: Den maN- sapeoq susi teq curita-na den VRi1-belief_in_something like_this D1 story -3PO is mesaq muane pole jio mai Kalosi disanga Manai, mesaq muane pole jio mai Kalosi disanga Manai one man return in/at from Kalosi PASS-name Manai iamo adeqna puang iaqrika to mangparenta iamo adeq -na puang iaqrika to mang-parenta 3sPRO-CMP it_is_said-3PO king or REL VRi1-rule jio Kalosi na tobarani toq. Den pissen wattu jio Kalosi na tobarani toq den pissen wattu in/at Kalosi and people-brave ADD is once time namale kebaine jio Dante Mararih mesaq kampong lan na-male kebaine jio Dante Mararih mesaq kampong lan 3E-go VRi5-female in/at Dante Mararih one village in parentana Barakah deqna kampong Balla. parenta-na Barakah deq -na kampong Balla rule -3PO Baraka up(DIR)-3PO village Balla

There is a story, that is told by the old Ada satu cerita yang diceritakan orang people, which is related to what is called tua yang berhubungan dengan istilah Massapeoq. The story goes like this: Massapeoq. Beginilah ceritanya: Ada There was a man from Kalosi, whose seorang laki-laki di Kalosi yang name was Manai. It is said that he was bernama Manai. Menurut cerita dia king or ruler at Kalosi and he was also a seorang raja atau yang memerintah di brave man. One time he went to get Kalosi. Dia juga seorang pemberani. married in Dante Mararih, which is a Suatu ketika dia pergi menikah ke village in Baraka, above Balla village. Dante Mararih, yaitu sebuah kampung di Baraka, di sebelah atas Balla. 82 SULAWESILANGUAGETEXTS

Ia tonna puramo kebain torro jiomi Balla, ia tonna puramo kebain torro jiomi Balla 3sPRO time finish-CMP marry stay in/at-3CMP Balla dialami Pake jio Balla. Na ia joq wattu diala -mi pake jio Balla na ia joq wattu PASS-wasmade-3CMP king in/at Balla and 3sPRO D3 time sirarii to toDuri na toToraja. si- rari-i to to- Duri na to- Toraja REC-war -3A DEF people-Duri and people-Toraja Nadateqmi Salubarani toToraja ratu rrarii na-dateq-mi Salubarani to- Toraja ratu n- rari-i 3E-reach-3CMP Salubarani people-Toraja arrive VRt-war -3A to toDuri, na la ditalomi teq toDuri. to to- Duri na la di- talo-mi teq to- Duri DEF people-Duri and F PASS-lose-3CMP D1 people-Duri Ratui jaja mai Salubarani to tau ratu jaja mai Salubarani to tau arrive-3A north(DIR) from Salubarani DEF person mpauanni joq disanga Manai kua la n- pau-an joq disanga Manai kua la VRt-say-BEN-3A D3 PASS-name Manai RS F natalomikiq teq toToraja. Ia anna teqda na-talo-mi -kiq teq to- Toraja ia anna teqda 3E-lose-CMP-lpnA D1 people-Toraja 3sPRO if NEG tamale mbantukan manassa natalomikiq. tamale n- bantu-kan manassa na-talo-mi -kiq 2shE-go VRt-help -lpxA STV-really 3E-lose-CMP-lpnA

After the marriage, he stayed in Balla Ketika dia sudah kawin, dia tinggal di and he was made the king of Balla. At Balla dan diangkat menjadi raja di that time Duri and Toraja were at war. Balla. Pada waktu itu orang Dun ber- Torajanese forces came all the way to perang dengan orang Toraja. Orang Salubarani to war with the Duri and the Toraja telah sampai di Salubarani dan Duri were loosing. One man came kelihatannya orang Duri akan kalah. from Salubarani to tell Manai, "Toraja Dari Salubarani datang orang memberi- is about to win. If you do not come help tahukan Manai, "Kita akan dikalahkan us, we certainly will lose." oleh orang Toraja. Kalau Manai tidak pergi membantu, pasti kita akan kalah." DURI 83

Nakuamo teq Manai, pasirempun ngasanmi tuq na-kua-mo teq Manai pa- si- rempun ngasan -mi tuq 3E-say-CMP D1 Manai CAUS-REC-gather everybody-3CMP D2 tau la male mangrari jio tana lapangna Balla. Apa tau la male mang-rari jio tana lapang-na Balla apa person F go VRi1-war in/at land field -3PO Balla but ia joq wattu teqdapa nadisangai Balla. Sanga ia joq wattu teqda-pa na-disanga-i Balla sanga 3sPRO D3 time NEG -INC 3E-PASS-name -LOC Balla because iamora nadisanga Balla, tonna sirempunmo to ia -mo -ra na-disanga Balla tonna sirempun-mo to 3sPRO-CMP-EMP 3E-PASS-name Balla when REC-gather-CMP DEF tau jio na diballaran ampah, iamo joq tau jio na di- ballaq -an ampah ia -mo joq person in/at and PASS-open_a_scroll-BEN mat 3sPRO-CMP D3 ballaran battuananna lan bahasa Indonesia ballaq -an battuan-an -na lan bahasa Indonesia open_a_scroll-BEN meaning-NRs-3PO in language Indonesia

"hamparkan" ia toqmo dipasiala sanga hamparkan ia toq-mo di- pa- si- ala sanga open_a_scroll 3sPRO ADD-CMP PASS-CAUS-REC-was_made name

Balla sampena lako too. Balla sampe-na lako too Balla until-3PO to today

Manai said; "Let's gather all the people Manai berkata, "Kumpulkan semua who are going to go to war in the Balla orang yang akan pergi berperang di field." At that time the field was not yet lapangan Balla." Tetapi waktu itu called Balla, because the field that is lapangan itu belum disebut Balla, kar- called Balla, at the time when the ena yang disebut Balla, waktu orang people gathered there, was the place berkumpul, adalah tempat dihamparkan where they opened mats [ballaran]. In tikar. Kata ballaran itu, artinya dalam Indonesian ballaran means to open a bahasa Indonesia, dihamparkan. Itulah scroll. That's the reason the place is sebabnya tempat itu dinamakan Balla named Balla to this day. sampai sekarang. 84 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Apa purami sirempun to tau jio Balla pada apa purami sirempun to tau jio Balla pada but finish-3CMP REC-gather DEF person in/at Balla all

polemi to tau lako bolana mpasadia pole -mi to tau lako bola -na n- pa- sadia return-3CMP DEF person to house-3PO VRt-CAUS-ready kanallo la napukanallo male mangrari. Ia teq kanallo la na-pu- kanallo male mang-rari ia teq provisions F 3E-CAUS-provisions go VRi1-war 3sPRO D1 disanga Manai iamo ponggawana, pole todami disanga Manai ia -mo ponggawa-na pole toda-mi PASS-name Manai 3sPRO-CMP leader -3PO return ADD -3CMP lako bolana. Apa ratui lako bolana teqdapa lako bola -na apa ratu lako bola -na teqda-pa to house-3PO but arrive-3A to house-3PO NEG -INC namanasu nandena bainena, na masekaqmi la na-ma- nasu nande-na baine-na na ma- sekaq-mi la 3E-STV-done rice -3PO wife -3PO and STV-hurry-3CMP F male tarapassa naangkaqi joq pannasunna male tarapassa na-angkaq-i joq paN-nasu-an -na go must 3E-lift -3A D3 NR -cook-NRs-3PO bainena namale llentenni joq kurinna, baine-na na-male n- lenten-i joq kurin -na wife -3PO 3E-go VRt-roll -3A D3 cooking pot-3PO na tiballu ngasan joq nande. na tiballu ngasan joq nande and NVOL-spill everything D3 rice

After the people had gathered in Balla, Sesudah semua orang berkumpul di they all returned to their homes to Balla, masing-masing pergi ke prepare provisions to go to the war. rumahnya untuk mempersiapkan bekal Manai was their leader and he too untuk berperang. Manai adalah returned to his house. But when he pemimpin mereka dan dia juga pulang arrived at his house, his wife's rice was ke rumahnya. Sewaktu dia tiba di not yet done, and because he was in a rumah, isterinya belum selesai memasak hurry to go, he had to lift his wife's rice, nasi, dan oleh karena dia terburu-buru and he knocked over the cooking pot untuk pergi, terpaksa dia mengangkat and all the rice spilled. masakan isterinya dan menggulingkan periuk itu, hingga semua nasi tertumpah. DURI 85

Ia teq bainena masiriq gajai anna ia teq baine-na masiriq gaja-i anna 3sPRO D1 wife -3PQ STV-ashamed very-3A so,that

palai deq kampongna Mararih. pala-i deq kampong-na Mararih flee-LOC up(DIR) village-3PO Mararih

Ia teq Manai male todami sola to tau ia teq Manai male toda-mi sola to tau 3sPRO D1 Manai go ADD -3CMP with DEF person

mangrari req Toraja. Ia tonna mang-rari req Toraja ia tonna VRi1-war north(DIR) Toraja 3sPRO time

mangrarimo sola Toraja, taloi mang-rari-mo sola Toraja talo-i VRi1-war -CMP with Toraja lose-3A

toToraja na diulaq ratu req to- Toraja na diulaq ratu req people-Toraja and PASS-chase arrive north(DIR)

kampongna. Apa ratui req, kampong-na apa ratu req village-3PO but arrive-3A north(DIR)

budami mbantui toToraja jaji buda-mi n- bantu-i to- Toraja jaji much-3CMP VRt-help -3A people-Toraja so

patalo poleqmi. patalo poleq-mi CAUS -lose again-3CMP

His wife was very ashamed, so she fled Isterinya malu sekali sehingga ia pergi to her village Mararih. Manai left also, ke kampungnya yang bernama Mararih. going with the people to war in Toraja. Manai juga pergi bersama yang lain When he warred against Toraja, Toraja untuk berperang di Toraja. Dka al amh lost and they were chased to their vil- perang melawan Toraja, Toraja lages. But when they arrived in their dan diusir ke kampungnya. Waktu villages, many Torajanese helped them orang Toraja masuk ke kampungnya, so then Duri lost again. banyak orang membantu mereka, sehingga mereka menang lagi. 86 SULAWESILANGUAGETEXT8

Na iamo joq wattu nadibuno Manai, na na iamo joq wattu na-di- buno Manai na and 3sPRO-CMP D3 time 3E-PASS-kill Manai and leqtoii toToraja to ulunna na ia leqto-i to- Toraja to ulu -na na ia break-LOC-3A people-Toraja DEF head-3PO and 3sPRO to kalena nabawami to solana to kale-na na-bawa -mi to sola -na DEF body-3PO 3E-carry -3CMP DEF friend-3PO jaja mai nalamunni jio disanga Tarunjung. jaja mai na-lamun-i jio disanga Tarunjung north(DIR) from 3E-bury -3A in/at PASS-name Tarunjung

Susimi teq curitanna, sabaq sisarak susi -mi teq curita-na sabaq sisarak like_this-3CMP D1 story -3PO because REC-separate lalanni bainena tonna allomo, jaji napolei lalan-i baine-na tonna allo-mo jaji na- pole go -3A wife -3PO time day -CMP so 3E-return-LOC abalaq tonna male mangrari, anna mate jio abalaq tonna male mang-rari anna mate jio calamity time go VRi1-war so_that die in/at

Toraja. Toraja Toraja

At that time Manai was killed and the Waktu itu Manai dibunuh dan orang Torajanese cut his head from his body. Toraja memenggal kepalanya. Teman- His friends carried it from there and nya membawa mayatnya dari sana dan buried it in Tarunjung. This was the menguburkannya di Tarunjung. story. Because his and his wife's Beginilah ceritanya. Oleh karena journey were in different directions that berpisah arah jalan dengan isterinya day, calamity came to him when he went maka bencana datang waktu dia pergi to war and so he was killed in Toraja. berperang, dan dia meninggal di Toraja. DURI 87

Iamo teq massapeoq, napahan to iamo teq maN- sapeoq na-pahan to 3sPRO-CMP D1 VRi1-beliefinsomething 3E-believe DEF toDuri to teqdapa namadalan pahanna lan to- Duri to teqda-pa na-madalan pahan -na lan people-Duri REL NEG -INC 3E-STV-deep belief-3PO in agama sallang, naciaq sipangbongianan ke agama sallang na-ciaq si- pang-bongi-an -an ke religion muslim 3E-refuse REC-NR- night-NRs-BEN if denni la naola na teqda namesaq pangngujuan. den-i la na-ola na teqda na-mesaq pang-tuju -an is -HYP F 3E-go_out and NEG 3E-one NR- to_aim-NRs Jaji iana den tau sangbola na teqda namesaq jaji iana den tau sang-bola na teqda na-mesaq so if is person one -house and NEG 3E-one pangngujuan, musti sisarakki ke bongii anggiq pa-tuju -an musti sisarak ke bongi-i anggiq NR-to_aim-NRs must REC-separate-3A if night-HYP PRB namesaq bola nanii mammaq, baqtuka na-mesaq bola na-ni- i mammaq baqtu-ka 3E-one house 3E to_place-LOC sleep or -Q sisullei male mesaq male too allo, mesaq male si- sulle male mesaq male too allo mesaq male REC-change-3A go one go today day one go masawa. masawa tomorrow

This is called Massapeoq, which is a Inilah suatu kepercayaan orang Duri belief of the Duri whose understanding yang disebut Massapeoq, yaitu mereka of Islam is not deep. They do not want yang tidak mendalam kepercayaan to spend the night with someone who is agama islamnya. Mereka tidak mau ber- going another direction the next day. malam di satu rumah dengan orang So if there are people staying in the yang berbeda tujuan. Jadi kalau ada same house, who are going different orang yang tinggal di rumah yang sama, directions, they must be separated dan mereka tidak mempunyai tujuan during the night, so that they will not yang sama, mereka harus berpisah, sleep in the same house. Otherwise supaya mereka tidak bermalam di satu they should leave at separate times, one rumah. Ataukah mereka pergi secara leaving now, and the other leaving the bergantian, yang seorang hari ini, dan next day. yang seorang lagi esok harinya. 88 SULAWESILANGUAGETEXTS

Sabaq malajaqi napolei abalaq susi tonna sabaq ma- lajaq na-pole abalaq susi tonna because STV-afraid-3A 3E-return-LOC calamity like time male mangrari Manai, nasisarak lalan bainena, male mang-rari Manai na-sisarak lalan baine-na go VRiI-war Manai 3E-REC-separate go wife -3PO sanggenna mate Manai jio Toraja na dileqtoi sangge-na mate Manai jio Toraja na di- leqto-i until -3PO die Manai in/at Toraja and PASS-break-LOC to ulunna. Sampe lako too allo, budapa toDuri to ulu -na sampe lako too allo buda-pa to- Duri DEF head-3PO until to today day much-INC people-Duri mpahanni teq massapeoq, apa ia n- pahan teq maN- sapeoq apa ia VRt-believe-3A D1 VRi1-? but 3pPRO tomatandemo sikolana na madalan toqmo toma- tande-mo sikola -na na madalan toq-mo people-STV-high -CMP schooling-3PO and STV-deep ADD-CMP pahan agamana teqdamo nakatappaqi. pahan agama -na teqda-mo na-ka- tappaq- i belief religion-3PO NEG -CMP 3E-Vri6-believe-LOC

This is because they are afraid that Karena mereka takut bahwa bencana calamity will come upon them, like akan mengena mereka, seperti waktu when Manai went to war and his Manai pergi berperang dan terpisah journey was in a different direction than jalan dengan istennya. Akhirnya Manai his wife's. So Manai was killed in meninggal di Toraja dan kepalanya Toraja and his head was cut off. Until dipenggal. Sampai sekarang, banyak today, many Duri people still believe in orang Duri yang percaya tentang Massapeoq. But those who have a good massapeoq ini. Tetapi kalau mereka education and whose understanding of berpendidikan tinggi dan dalam peng- their religion is deep do not believe it ertiannya mengenai agama, mereka anymore. tidak lagi mempercayai hal ini. KONJO 89

KONJO Konjo designates the language of some 200,000 people living in South Sulawesi. It lies between the dominant Bugis and Makasar languages, and has frequently, especially for socio- political reasons, been called a dialect of Makasar. Konjo shares a number of features with both Bugis and Makasar, but as a member of the Makasar family of languages it is more closely related to Makasar. The coastal Konjo number about 125,000 and live mainly in the four east coastal subdistricts of Bulukumba.district. Coastal. Konjo is itself a dialect chain running north and south. Konjo has complicated morphophonemics. There is extensive assimilation, nasal gemination, etc., across morpheme boundaries which greatly complicates the surface form of the words. Konjo has a rich derivational system and the commonly found ergative system of pronominals. A phenomenon found in varying degrees in many Sulawesian languages is that the absolutive suffixes (clitics), along with their preceding aspect markers normally suffixed to the verb, attach to whatever adverbial is fronted in the sentence. The first text was written by Hamsia in Jannaya, Kajang in January 1986. It is a simple procedural text showing how the Konjo work corn fields and harvest the corn. As is often the case in procedural texts the passive is the preferred verb form used. PUNNA HATTU PANJAMA KOKO SU'RUNG NIUPPA NIKANRE ASSELE'NA Working the Cornfields Until the Produce is Eaten Punna bungasaki lanjama koko nialle rolo' punna bungasa -ki la-ang-jama koko nialle rolo' if at_first-lpA F- VRt-work garden PASS-take before nibela' ruku'na. Jari punna maengmi nibela' nibela' ruku'-na jari punna maeng-mi nibela' PASS-cut_down weeds-3PO happen if CMPV-3CMP PASS-cut_down injo ruku'a niallemi nitunu. injo ruku'-a nialle-mi nitunu that weeds-DEF PASS-take-3CMP PASS -burn

When we first go to work the fields, we Ketika orang meng erjakan kebun cut down its weeds. Then after we have (ladang), mula-mula rumput liar di- cut down the weeds, they are taken and bersihkan dahulu. Setelah dibersihkan burned. rumput kering dibakar. 90 SULAWESI LANCUAGE TEXTS

Mingka anre' na'kulle nitunu punna anre'pa mingka anre' na-a'- kulle nitunu punna anre'-pa but NEG 3E-VRi-can PASS-burn if NEG -INC

namaeng nilengkesi anumakaya na-maeng nilengkesi a- nu- maka-a 3E-CMPV PASS-clear_away_trash STV-RELp-then-RELs

lanapa'le'leri api. Jari punna maengmi la-na-pa- a'- le'lere-i api jari punna maeng-mi F- 3E-CAUS-VRi-spread -LOC fire happen if CMPV 3CMP

nitunu injo ruku'a, na'kanre ase'mo nitunu injo ruku'-a na-a'- kanre ase'-mo PASS-burn that weeds-DEF 3E-VRi-eat all -CMP

niallemi niokka' iareka nibukka'. nialle-mi niokka' iareka nibukka' PASS-take-3CMP PASS-dig_up or PASS-plow(first)

Punna maengmi niokka' iareka nibukka' injo punna maeng-mi niokka' iareka nibukka' injo if CMPV 3CMP PASS-dig_up or PASS-plow(first) that

kokoa katurungannamami bosia nitajang. koko -a ka- turung -ang-na -mami bosi-a nitajang garden-DEF NRa-come_down-NRs-3PO-REM rain-DEF PASS-wait_for

Mingka labbi riolo taua a'passadia mingka labbi ri-olo tau -a a'- pa- a'- sadia but more GP-before person-DEF VRi-CAUS-VRi-prepared lamungang. lamung-ang plant -NRs

But it can not be burned until every- Sebelum rumput itu dibakar, segala thing that might cause the fire to spread sesuatu yang dapat menyebabkan api is cleared out of the way. Then after all menjalar dijauhkan. Sesudah rumput the weeds have been burned, all burned dibakar, tanah dibalik dengan linggis up, then [the field] is dug up or plowed atau dibajak. Setelah selesai dibalik a first time. After the field has been tanahnya dengan linggis atau dibajak, dug up or plowed the first time, then we tinggal menunggu datangnya hujan. have just to wait for the coming of the Sebelumnya kita harus menyiapkan rains. But before that people prepare bibitnya lebih dahulu. the plants. KONJO 91

Jari punna maengmi turung bosia a'lampamaki jari punna maeng-mi turung bosi-a a'- lampa-maki happen if CMPV -3CMP come down rain-DEF VRi-go -1pCMP rikokoa anghojai angkua a'tamma'mi inni ri-koko -a ang-hoja -i ang-kua a'- tamma' -mi inni GP-garden-DEF VRt-look_for-3A VRt-say VRi-seep_in-3CMP this bosia iareka anre'pa. Napunna a'tamma'mo bosia, bosi-a iareka anre'-pa napunna a'- tamma' -mo bosi-a rain-DEF or NEG -INC and-if VRi-seep_in-CMP rain-DEF a'kullemaki angngalorang takkana ammuko. Mingka a'- kulle-maki ang-kaloro-ang takka -na (am)muko mingka VRi-can -1pCMP VRt-groove-NRs time_part-3PO tomorrow but labbi riolo taua angngamme lamungang punna labbi ri-olo tau -a ang-amme lamung-ang punna more GP-before person-DEF VRt-soak plant -NRs if karahie'i napunna dannarimo ambaungi karahie' -i napunna dannari-mo ang-baung -i afternoon-3A and-if 3-5am -CMP VRt-get_up-3A nipatitti'. Ka punna ele'pi nipa- titti' ka punna ele' -pi PASS-CAUS-drain_off because if morning-3INC nipatitti'i akodii ka andai nipa- titti' -i a- kodi-i ka anda -i PASS-CAUS-drainoff-3A STV-bad -3A because NEGDES-3A ata'kakkasa. a- ta'- kakkasa STV-NVOL-piece

Then after it has rained we go to the Setelah hujan turun kita ke kebun fields to see if this rain has seeped into melihat apakah hujan tersebut sudah the ground yet or not. Then when the meresap ke dalam tanah atau belum. rains seep into the ground, we can plant Sesudah hujan meresap kebun sudah the seed the next day. But before that siap dibajak untuk ditanami keesokan people soak the plants the afternoon harinya. Terlebih dahulu kita meren- before, then in the wee morning hours dam bibit itu sore hari, pagi-pagi sekali they get up and drain off the excess kita bangun untuk membuang airnya. water. Because if the water is shaken Kalau terlambat membuang air bibit out in the morning it is bad, because the menjadi tidak baik, karena bibit itu seeds don't want to separate out. tidak dapat dipisahkan. 92 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Punna nilamungi natulusu matti'-matti' to' pole punna ni- lamung-i natulusu matti'-matti' to' pole if PASS-plant -3A and-continue dripping ADD also erena nakodi nisohong. Punna angngammeki ere -na nakodi nisohong punna ang-amme-ki water-3PO and-bad PASS-carry on_head if VRt-soak-lpA lamungang kuitte tania sangga ere, anulohe lamung-ang ku-itte tania sangga ere a- nu- lohe plant -NRs 1E-see NEGNV only water STV-RELp-many buanganna nipasiammeangi; sipi', serung, buangang-na nipa- si- amme-ang-i sipi' serung kinds -3PO PASS-CAUS-REC-soak-BEN-3A tongs flat_spoon sanru', pa'kaluere biasa to' pole kunyi'. sanru' pa- a'- kaluere biasa to' pole kunyi' big_spoon NRp-VRi-stirring_stick usually ADD also tumeric Napunna angngalorangmi taua, a'keo'maki napunna ang-kaloro-ang-mi tau -a a'- keo'-maki and-if VRt-groove-NRs-3CMP person-DEF VRi-call-lpeMP palamung. Jari angngalorangmi taua' ri palamung jari ang-kaloro-ang-mi tau -a ri NRp-plant happen VRt-groove-NRs-3CMP person-DEF GP dallekang, amminahang to'mii palamunga dalle'-ang a'- pinahang to'-mi pa- front -NRs VRi-follow ADD-3CMP-3A NRp-plant -DEF ribokoang a'lamung. ri-boko-ang a'- lamung GP-back-NRs VRi-plant

If we are planting [the seed] and the Jika hendak langsung ditanam, tidak water keeps dripping then it is hard to baik karena masih berair waktu dijun- carry it on our heads. When the plants jung. Kalau bibit itu, direndam are soaked, I've seen that not only bukannya hanya bibit dan air, tetapi water, but various other things are juga bermacam-macam [benda lain], soaked along with it: tongs, flat spoon, diantaranya tang, sendok nasi, sendok serving spoon, wooden stirring stick and sayur, alat-alat dapur lainnya, dan juga also often tumeric as well. When kunyit. Kalau sudah siap untuk people are ready to plow they call in membajak kita memanggil tenaga untuk planters. So people plow the furrows in menanam. Kita membajak di depan front, and planters follow along behind dan yang menanam mengikuti di bela- to plant the seed. kang untuk menanam. KONJO 93

Jari punna maengmi nilamungi injo kokoa jari punna maeng-mi ni- lamung-i injo koko -a happen if CMPV -3CMP PASS-plant -LOC that garden-DEF • ga'rapi isse' sampulo allo na'lampa nisa'laki. ga'ra-pi isse' sampulo allo na-a'- lampa nisa'la' up_to-3INC REP ten day 3E-VRi-go PASS-separate-LOC Jari kunjo mae labbi sampulo allo maenna jari kunjo mae labbi sampulo allo maeng-na happen there come more ten day CMPV 3PO nisa'laki niallemi nibaja. Injo punna nisa'la' nialle-mi nibaja injo punna PASS-separate-LOC PASS-take-3CMP PASS-weed that if a'baja taua biasa todo' kale-kalenna biasa a'- baja tau -a biasa todo' kale-kale-na biasa VRi-weed person-DEF usually also alone -3PO usually to'i tabbala punna a'rera'i. Rie' kunjo mae to'-i tabbala punna a'- rera' rie' kunjo mae ADD-3A lots(people) if VRi-mut_assist-3A have there come siminggu maenna nibaja niallemi ninangkala siminggu maeng-na nibaja nialle-mi ninangkala one-week CMPV -3PO PASS-weed PASS-take-3CMP PASS-plow sa'la'na. Kunjo mae ruang pulo allo maenna sa'la' -na kunjo mae rua-ng pulo allo maeng-na separate-3PO there come two-QNs ten day CMPV -3PO ninangkala sa'la'na aroa'mi bunganna. ninangkala sa'la'- na a- roa'-mi bunga -na PASS-plow separate-3PO STV-busy-3CMP flower-3PO

Then after the field has been planted, Sesudah kebun itu ditanami, Sepuluh no more than ten days later they go and hari kemudian baru ditanam kembali replant failed corn plants. Then about yang tidak tumbuh atau yang jaran$ ten days after the new plants have been antaranya. Sepuluh hari sesudah di- planted, the soil is weeded. When tanami kembali, [kebun itu] disiangi. people weed the field they often do it Kalau disiangi biasa dikerjakan sendiri, alone or sometimes a lot of people will dapat juga dengan bantuan orang-orang agree to help each other. Then about a lain. Tujuh hari sesudah disiangi di- week after it has been weeded, it is cangkul di antara [baris tanaman] itu. plowed in between the rows. Then Dua puluh hari sesudah dicangkuli, about 20 days after it has been plowed bunganya mulai bermunculan. in between the rows, the corn tassles burst forth. 94 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Kunjo to' mae siminggu roa'mi pole rejanna. kunjo to' mae siminggu roa'-mi pole reja -na there ADD come one-week busy-3CMP also sprouted_ears-3PO

Kunjo mae labbi siminggu, napunna nihibbi'-hibbi' kunjo mae labbi siminggu napunna nihibbi'-hibbi' there come more one-week and-if PASS-husk_a_bit injo bataraya niittemi assinna injo batara-a niitte-mi assi -na that corn -DEF PASS-see- 3CMP flesh-3PO anggarigimi. Kunjo mae siminggu maenna ang-garigi -mi kunjo mae siminggu maeng-na VRt-newkernels-3CMP there come one-week CMPV -3PO niitte nanihibbi' pole a'licere kahu-kahumi niitte na- ni- hibbi' pole a'- licere kahu-kahu-mi PASS-see and-PASS-peel also VRi-seed kapok -3CMP intu. Jari kunjo mae siminggu pole angnganremaki intu jari kunjo mae siminggu pole ang-kanre-maki that happen there come one-week also VRt-eat -1pCMP batara lolo. Punna kahaji'-hajikanna injo batara batara lolo punna ka-haji'-haji'-ang-na injo batara corn young if NRa-good -NRs-3PO that corn loloa nikanre, assuro a'bacadoangki. lolo -a nikanre a'- suro a'- baca-doang-ki young-DEF PASS-eat VRi-command VRi-chant -1pA

Then also after about a week there are Tujuh hari setelah itu bakal buahnya lots of newly sprouted ears of corn. muncul. Kira-kira tujuh hari setelah itu After more than a week, if we peel back kalau kulit jagungdikupas, dapat kita the corn husks we see that the new ker- lihat isinya dan masih muda sekali. nels are forming. After about another Sesudah tujuh hari kemudian bijinya week and we peel the ear, we see that sudah berambut. Tujuh hari sesudah that kernals are forming corn silk. Then itu, jagung muda sudah bisa dimakan. after about another week we can eat the Kalau jagung muda sudah tiba saatnya young corn. When the young corn is untuk dimakan, kita mengundang really ready to eat, we have someone seseorang yang akan memimpin chant over it. nyanyian/doa bersama. KONJO

Nisuro pa'baca-doangangi nisuro pa- a'- baca-doang-ang-i PASS-command CAUS-VRi-chant -BEN-3A

anu'lampata riolo. Nanikalapikai a- nu- a'- lampa-ta ri-olo na- ni- kalapika STV -RELp -VRi -go -1pPO GP-before and -PASS -harv_crmy -LOC to'mi injo bataraya. Kua'maki injo ammulai to'-mi injo batara-a kua' -maki injo ang-mula ADD-3CMP that corn -DEF enough-1pCMP that VRt-begin-3A

angnganre-nganre batara lolo saggenna atoa. Jari ang-kanre-kanre batara lolo saggeng-na a -toa jari VRt-feast corn young until -3PO STV-old happen

punna haji' ladda'mo injo toana bataraya punna haji' ladda'-mo injo toa-na batara-a if good very -CMP that o1d-3PO corn -DEF

niallemi nisappe. Punna lannyappeki labbi nialle-mi nisappe punna la-ang-sappe -ki labbi PASS-take-3CMP PASS-snap_off if F- VRt-snap_off-1pA more rioloki rolo' a'baju galampang, nakunjo ri-olo -ki rolo' a'- baju galampang nakunjo GP-before-1pA before VRi-make harvest shelter and-there

nilabbiang batara anumaenga nisappe. nilabbiang batara a- nu- maeng-a nisappe PASS-put corn STV-RELp-CMPV -RELs PASS-snap_off

We have them chant for our ancestors. Kemudian juga diminta untuk membaca And we have a first-fruits ceremony for doa bagi arwah nenek moyang. Sesudah the corn. When that is done we begin kita menyanyi bersama-sama, kalapika eating the young corn until it is too old. namanya, kita makan jagung muda Then when the corn is really hard, it is terus-menerus sampai [jagung sudahj all picked. When we go to pick the corn tua. Apabila jagung sudah tua sekah, we first make a harvest shelter, and kita dapat petik semua. Sebelum jagung there is where we put the com we have ini dipetik lebih dahulu membangun picked. rumah kecil untuk tempat penyimpanan jagung yang sudah dipetik. 96 SULAWESILANGUAGETEXTS

Nahaji' 'todo' pole kunjo taua ammilei, nahaji' todo' pole.kunjo tau -a ang-pile and-good also also there person-DEF VRt-choose-LOC annattaki, nammibbi'. Punna a'patatta'ki ang-tatta' na- ang-hibbi' punna a'- patatta' -ki VRt-cut_stem-LOC and-VRt-peel if VRi-CAUS-cut stem-lpA a'keo'ki pakelong nahaji' a'turung injo mae a'- keo'-ki pakelong nahaji' a'- turung injo mae VRi-call-lpA NRp-song and-good VRi-come_down that come taua a'pina'na, tu'kelong, jari tau -a a'- pina'na' tau- a'- kelong jari person-DEF VRi-listen person-VRi-song happen natunrangi to'ki pole annattaki, nammibbi'. na-tunrang-i to'-ki pole ang-tatta' na- ang-hibbi' 3E-assist -LOC ADD-1pA also VRt-cut_stem-LOC and-VRt-peel Jari ita'i maeng jama-jamaanga. Jari punna jari ita'- i maeng jama-jama-ang-a jari punna happen quickly-3A CMPV work -NRs-DEF happen if maengmi nitattaki namaeng to'mo maeng-mi ni- tatta' namaeng to'-mo CMPV -3CMP PASS-cutstem-LOC and-CMPV ADD-CMP hibbikanga niteke'mi mange ri hibbi'-ang-a niteke' -mi mange ri peel -NRs-DEF PASS-haul_by_horse-3CMP dir_away GP balla'a. balla'-a house -DEF

It's also a good place for people to sel- Tempat itu juga baik untuk memilih, ect, cut and husk [the corn]. When we memotong, dan mengupas jagung- are going to cut the corn we call in sing- jagungitu. Kita mengundang penyanyi ers, and the people like to go down and untuk didengar orang banyak, dan listen to the people singing, then they mereka turut membantu memotong dan also help us with the cutting and the mengupas jagung itu. Sehingga husking. So the work is done quickly. pekerjaan itu cepat selesai karena di- So when the cutting is completed and kerjakan beramai-ramai. Sesudah also the husking is done, the corn is selesai dipotong tangkainya dan juga hauled by horse to the house. dikupas, kemudian siap untuk diangkut dengan kuda beban ke rumah. KONJO 97

Punna sappungmi injo tekekanga na nai' punna sappung -mi injo teke' -ang-a na nai' if completed-3CMP that haul_by_horse-NRs-DEF and go_up ase'mo injo bataraya ri balla'a, nialle pole ase'-mo injo batara-a ri balla'-a nialle pole -CMP that corn -DEF GP house -DEF PASS-take also nipanai' ri paraya. Punna la'berasaki punna nipa- nai' ri para -a punna la-a'- berasa-ki punna PASS-CAUS-go_up GP attic-DEF if F- VRi-rice -1pA if maengi pannyappe- anre'ja naladda' taua maeng-i pa- ang-sappe anre'-ja na-ladda' tau -a CMPV -3A CAUS-VRt-snap_off NEG -EMP 3E-very person-DEF usa, kainjo bibbi'a rolo' nialle usa kainjo bibbi' -a rolo' nialle need because-that husked_ears-DEF before PASS-take niberasa, jari anre' taua nammibbi'. niberasa jari anre' tau -a na-ang-hibbi' PASS-rice happen NEG person-DEF 3E-VRt-peel Labbusu to'pi isse' bibbi'a, na punna labbusu to'-pi isse' bibbi' -a na punna all_gone ADD -3INC REP husked_ears-DEF and if la'berasaki, nampa kinai' ri paraya annaro. la-a'- berasa-ki nampa kinai' ri para -a ang-taro F- VRi-rice -1pA then 1pE-go_up GP attic-DEF VRt-put_off

When all the corn is hauled and brought Sesudah diangkut semua dan setibanya up to the house, it is then put up into di rumah diusahakan disimpan di loteng the attic. If we want to make ground rumah. Kalau hendak dijadikan beras, corn after it has been picked, it's not tidak memerlukan banyak orang karena necessary to have a lot of people, jagung yang sudah dikupas digunakan because the husked ears are used first lebih dahulu sehingga orang tidak perlu to make the ground corn, so people mengupasnya lagi. Seterusnya bila yang don't have to husk it. When all the sudah dikupas habis barulah kita ke husked ears are gone and we want to loteng mengambil (menurunkan dari grind corn, then we have to go up to the loteng). attic and bring it down. 98 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Punna maeng nitaro nihibbi'i, punna punna maeng nitaro nihibbi'-i punna if CMPV PASS-put_off PASS-peel -3A if

maeng nihibbi' nialle isse' nipepu maeng nihibbi' nialle isse' nipepu CMPV PASS-peel PASS-take REP PASS-shell_corn

iareka nihoso' a'batu. iareka ni- hosc' a'- batu or PASS-shell_by_pounding VRi-stone

Napunna ta'pepumi nialle pole napunna ta'- pepu -mi nialle pole and-if NVOL-shellcorn-3CMP PASS-take also

nihoso' a'licere. Punna maengi nihoso' a'- licere punna maeng-i PASS-shell_by_pounding VRi-seed if CMPV -3A nihoso' a'licere, nialle nitapii. nihoso' a'- licere nialle nitapi PASS-shell_by_pounding VRi-seed PASS-take PASS-winnow-3A

Punna maengmi nitapi lampami nigiling punna maeng-mi nitapi lampa-mi nigiling if CMPV -3pCMP PASS winnow go -3CMP PASS-grind anjari berasami. ang-jari berasa-mi VRt-happen rice- 3CMP

After it is taken down, it is husked, after Kalau [jagung yang] dari loteng diambil, it is husked it is shelled or pounded as dikupas dulu kemudian dipisahkan whole ears to shell it. And whether it bijinya atau ditumbuk dengan tongkol- has been shelled or pounded as whole nya. Sesudah biji dipisahkan [dari ears, then the kernels are pounded. tongkolnya], biji itu ditumbuk. Sesudah When the kernels have been pounded, ditumbuk, dijemur, setelah kering baru it is dried in the sun, and when it is dry ditampi. Sesudah ditampi baru it is winnowed. When it is winnowed kemudian menjadi beras. then it is taken to be ground into rice-- sized pieces. KONJO 99

Jari punna anjari berasami, nialle pole jari punna ang-jari berasa-mi nialle pole happen if VRt-happen rice -3CMP PASS-take also nitapi nahaji' a'lulu ase' sissi'na na nitapi nahaji' a'- lulu ase' sissi'-na na PASS-winnow and-good VRi-b1ow_away all scale -3PO and nampa nipantama' ri pa'berasang. Jari punna nampa nipa- antama' ri pa- a'- berasa-ang jari punna then PASS-CAUS-enter GP NRp-VRi-rice -NRS so if la'palluki haji'i nitappaki. Punna la-a'- pallu-ki haji'-i ni- tappa' -i punna F- VRi-cook -1pA good -3A PASS-directly-LOC if a'ra'ki a'pallu annyanru' kalejaki battu ri a'ra'-ki a'- pallu ang-sanru' kale-jaki battu ri want -1pA VRi-cook VRt-big_spoon body-lpEMP come GP pa'berasanga. Nibissami nanipallumo pa- a'- berasa-ang-a ni- bissa-mi na- ni- pallu-mo NRp-VRi-rice -NRs-DEF PASS-wash -3CMP and-PASS-cook -CMP nai'. Na punna tasa'mo nikanremi assele'na nai' na punna tasa' -mo nikanre-mi assele -na go_up and if cooked-CMP PASS-eat -3CMP produce-3PO kokonta na bukunta. Nakuamo rie'mo kusurung koko -ta na buku-ta na-kua-mo rie'-mo ku-surung garden-1pPO and bone-lpPO 3E-say-CMP have-CMP 1E-profit ka kukanremi karesoangku. ka ku-kanre-mi kareso-ang-ku because 1E-eat -3CMP energy-NRs-1sPO

When it has been made into rice, then it Setelah manjadi beras, ditampi lagi agar is winnowed so that all the chaff blows dedak dan kulit arinya hilang, baru off and then it is put into the rice bin. dimasukkan di tempat beras. Kalau kita When we want to cook, we just go get it. akan memasak langsung saja. Kalau If we want to cook it, we just scoop it [beras jagung] hendak dimasak, kita out of the rice bin. It is washed and mengambilnya dari tempat beras. then cooked up. And when it is done Dicuci saja kemudian dimasak. Kalau the produce of our field and bones is sudah selesai di masak, kita dapat eaten. And we say, "I have profited menikmati makanan hasil kebun dan because I am eating the work of my jerih paya kita sendiri. Kita dapat ber- hands." kata, "Saya beruntung karena dapat menikmati hasil jerih payaku." 100 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

Kua'ji injo saggenna, kaia jinjo kuisse' kua' -ji injo saggeng-na kaia ji injo ku-isse' enough-3EMP that until -3PO because-3PRO 3EMP that 1E-know kucaritaangki. ku-carita-ang-ki 1E -story -BEN-2hA That's all there is, because that's all I Inilah yang dapat saya ceritakan karena know to tell about. hanya im yang saya ketahui.

The following text is a descriptive narrative text written by Muh. Ilyas in Kalimporo, Kajang February 1987. It gives a description of two powers that the Konjo people are said to have the ability to use after chanting certain spells. It goes on to give an account of the use of one of the powers on a given occasion. Although this is a narrative, the dominant use of the passive indicates that the description of how these powers are used is really the genre of the entire text. PANGNGISSENGANG: SINRAHUNG NA SALAANG Power to Make Oneself Invisible

Rie' lakubica'-bicaraangki paassala'na rie' la-ku- bica'-bicara-ang-ki pa-assala-na have F- 1sE-talk -BEN-2hA NR-origin-3pPO nikuaya pangngissengang. Nomoro se're iamintu ni- kua-a pa-ang-isseng-ang nomoro se're ia -mi intu PASS-say-RELs NR-VRt-know -NRs number one 3PRO-3CMP that nikuaya sinrahung. ni- kua-a sinrahung PASS-say-RELs invisibility

I'm going to tell you about something Saya akan menceritakan sesuatu yang which onginates in what is called mag- berasal dari kekuatan magis. Pertama ical power. The first thing is what is ilmu yang disebut ilmu gaib. called invisibility. RONJO 101

Napakei tau maccaya pada riolo. Ia na-pake-i tau macca -a pada ri-olo ia 3E-use -3A person clever-DEF same GP-before 3PRO

nikuaya sinrahung nabacai iareka napatabai ni- kua-a sinrahung na-baca-i iareka na-pa- taba-i PASS-say-RELs invisibility 3E-read-3A or 3E-CAUS-hit -3A

sara'-sara'na se'rea tau punna langgaukangi sara'-sara'-na se're-a tau punna la-ang-gau'-ang-i requirement-3PO one -DEF person if F- VRt-do -BEN-3A

gau'-gau' nunaka'rakia. Risesena gau'-gau' nu- na-ka- a'ra'-i -a ri-sese -na character RELp-3E-TZa-DES -LOC-RELs GP-case_with-3PO

nikuaya napakea taua punna ammakei ni- kua-a na-pake-a tau -a punna ang-pake-i PASS-say-RELs 3E-use -RELs person-DEF if VRt-use -3A

sinrahung. Iamintu punna rie' se're tau a'ra' sinrahung ia -mi intu punna rie' se're tau a'ra' invisibility 3PRO-3CMP that if have one person want

nipanraki riparanna tau nitajangi ni- panra'-i ri-para -na tau nitajang PASS-ruin -LOC GP-fellow_-3PO person PASS -wait_for -3A

riannoranga, iareka nihoja injo taua ri ri-annoro -ang-a iareka nihoja injo tau -a ri GP-by_way_of-NRs-DEF or PASS-look for that person-DEF GP

Wise people use it as in the olden days. Ilmu tersebut digunakan oleh orang- That which is called invisibility, a orang dulu. Jika seseorang ingin mem- person reads or does all the require- punyai ilmu gaib, ia harus merapal ments, if he is going to take on the char- (membaca mantra) atau melakukan acteristics of that which he wants to do. segala persyaratan a&ar dapat This can only be used by people if they menghilang/gaib. Ilmu gaib ini hanya are going to become invlslble. If there dapat digunakan oleh orang yang mau is someone who is going to be hurt by menghilang/gaib. Jika ada seseorang another person waiting for him on the yang ingin berbuat jahat jahat kepada road or is being looked for by an orang lain, yaitu dengan menunggu lawannya di jalan yang sunyi atau seseorang yang sedang dicari oleh 102 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

balinna iareka ri pammarentaya anre' na'kulle bali -na iareka ri pammarenta-a anre' na-a'- kulle opposite-3PO or GP government-DEF NEG 3E-VRi-can niitte manna sikambanii, manna niitte manna si- ka- ambani-i manna PASS-see even if REC-TZa-close -LOC even if sipammentengang anre' niitte injo taua. si- pa-a'- enteng -ang anre' niitte injo tau -a REC-NR VRi-stand_up-NRs NEG PASS-see that person-DEF

A'kulle to'i napake punna a'ra'i a'gau' kodi a'- kulle to'- i na-pake punna a'ra'-i a'- gau' kodi VRi-can also-3A 3E-use if want -3A VRi-do bad rimaraengannaya injo, ibara'na a'lukka'. ri-maraeng -ang-na -a injo ibara -na a'- lukka' GP-different-NRs-3PO-DEF that example-3PO VRi-steal

Mingka anre' na'kulle ganna' pinruang sitaung, mingka anre' na-a'- kulle ganna' ping- rua-ng sitaung but NEG 3E-VRi-can enough times-two-QNs one-year tassikaliji sitaung a'kulle anjari iareka ta'-sikali-ji sitaung a'- kulle ang-jari iareka CTp-one-time-3EMP one-year VRi-can VRt-happen or nagaukang pangngissengang kamunjoa. na-gau'-ang pa-ang-isseng-ang kamua injo-a 3E-do -BEN NR-VRi-know -NRs thus that-DEF opponent or the government, he cannot musuh atau pemerintah jika ia mem- be seen even if they meet, even if they punyai ilmu gaib, ia tidak dapat dilihat stand in front of each other that person meskipun sudah berhadapan muka. can't be seen. It can also be used if Ilmu im juga bisa digunakan untuk per- someone wants to do something bad to buatan jahat, misalnya mencuri. Tetapi someone else, for instance to steal. But ilmu gaib tidak dapat dilakukan dua kali they can't do it two times in one year, setahun, hanya satu kali. just once a year can a person do it or carry out magic such as that. KONJO 103

Maka ruana iamintu pangngissengang nikuaya maka rua-na ia -mi intu pa-ang-isseng-ang ni- kua-a ORDR two-3PO 3PRO-3CMP that NR-VRt-know -NRs PASS-say-RELs salaang. Salaanga a'kullei ambajiki sala -ang sala -ang-a a'- kulle-i ang-haji'-i wrong-NRs wrong-NRs-DEF VRi-can -3A VRt-good -LOC rise'rea tau, mingka a'kulle to'i nakodii ri-se're-a tau mingka a'- kulle to' na-kodi-i GP-one -DEF person but VRi-can also-3A 3E-bad -LOC se'rea tau. Iamintu nikuaya salaang se're-a tau ia -mi intu ni- kua-a sala -ang one -DEF person 3PRO-3CMP that PASS-say-RELs wrong-NRs nipa'tepui iareka nigaukangi nipa- a'- tepu iareka ni- gau'-ang-i PASS-CAUS-VRi-complete-3A or PASS-do -BEN-3A sara'-sara'na punna lannimporongki a'lampai sara'-sara'-na punna la-ang-timporong-ki a'- lampa-i requirement-3PO if F- VRt-go_down -1pA VRi-go -LOC anumbani iareka anulere onjong passe' ia a- nu- ambani iareka a- nu- lere onjong passe' ia STV-RELp-close or STV-RELp-far more INC-REP 3PRO punna rie' kasekekang. punna rie' ka- seke'-ang if have NRa-tight-NRs

The second magical thing is called Kekuatan magis yang kedua adalah invincibility (lit. "the missing"). Invin- ilmu yang disebut ilmu kebal. Ilmu cibility can be beneficial to a person, kebal dapat bermanfaat bagi seseorang, but it can also be harmful to a person. tetapi juga dapat merusak dan That which is called invincibility, the merugikan. Ilmu kebal digunakan waktu requirements are carried out or done if pergi ke tempat yang berbahaya. you are going out someplace close or far which would be an especially dangerous situation. 104 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXIS

Manna a'lampa taua lere iareka ambani anre' manna a'- lampa tau -a lere iareka ambani anre' even_if VRi-go person-DEF far or close NEG nakisiitte balaya ritangngana annorang naki- siitte bala -a ri-tangnga-na annoro -ang CPR-1pE-REC-see dangerous-DEF GP-middle -3PO by_way_of-NRs sanggenna taua minro. Iaminjo sanggeng-na tau -a minro ia -mi injo until -3PO person-DEF return 3PRO-3CMP that kahajikanna. Anre' kakodiang niitte iareka ka- hajic-ang-na anre, ka- kodi-ang niitte iareka NRa-good -NRs-3PO NEG NRa-bad -NRs PASS-see or antora'i taua punna nipakei injo ang-tora'-i tau -a punna nipake-i injo VRt-hit -3A person-DEF if PASS-use -3A that nikuaya salaang. Mingka kakodianna rie' todo'; ni- kua-a sala -ang mingka ka- kodi-ang-na rie' todo' PASS-say-RELs wrong-NRs but NRa-bad -NRs-3PO have also anre' naki'kulle siitte bija-bijanta anre' naki- a'- kulle siitte bija-bija-ta NEG CPR-lpE-VRi-can REC-see family -1pPO numakaya tau antulungi ri tangngana nu- maka-a tau ang-tulung-i ri tangnga-na RELp-then-RELs person VRt-help -3A GP middle -3PO annoranga, anre' todo' ki'kulle angnguppa annoro -ang-a anre' todo' ki- a'- kulle.ang-uppa by_way_of-NRs-DEF NEG also lpE-VRi-can VRt-find kanre-kanreang riannoranga punna pa'reki. kanre-kanre-ang ri annoro -ang-a punna pa're -ki feast -NRs GP by_way_of-NRs-DEF if hungry-lpA

Whether a person goes near or far, he Jarak jauh maupun dekat dapat di- won't meet anything dangerous on the tempuh tanpa rintangan jika seseorang road until he retums. That's the bene- mempunyai ilmu kebal. Itulah ficial part. Nothing bad will be seen or kebaikannnya. Jadi kebaikan ilmu ini will strike the person if he is using what yaitu segala rintangan dalam perjalanan is called invincibilit. But there's also a dari awal sampai akhir dapat diatasi. bad part; we can't meet any family Kebitrukan ilmu tersebut, kita tidak member who would help us along the dapat menemui keluarga kita yang akan road, also we can't find any food along menolong kita. Juga kita tidak dapat the way if we are hungry. menemukan makanan ketika kita lapar dalam perjalanan. KONJO 105

Pada se're kajariang nakupau. Se're hattu taung pada se're ka- jari -ang na- ku- pau se're hattu taung same one NRa-happen-NRs CPR-1sE-tell one time year sisabbu salapang bilanganna annang pulo se're sisabbu salapang bilangang-na annang pulo se're one-thousand nine hundred -3PO six ten one nakula'paruru naung ri UjungPandang, ka na- ku- la -a'- paruru naung ri UjungPandang ka CPR -1sE -F - VRi -get_ready go_down GP UjungPandang because matei ajanna sikalingku ri UjungPandang ri mate-i ajang -na sikali -ku ri UjungPandang ri die -3A spouse-3PO first_cousin-1sPO GP UjungPandang GP Jalang Lure nomoro ruang pulo lima. Jari a'dakkama jalang Lure nomoro rua-ng pulo lima jari a' dakka-ma street Lure number two-QNs ten five happen VRi-walk -1sCMP naung ri Bulukumba, ri Bulukumbapa kunampa a'dongko' naung ri Bulukumba ri Bulukumba-pa kunampa a'- dongko' go_down GP Bulukumba GP Bulukumba-INC 1sE-then VRi -ride oto lompo palurang kaju, papang. Kira-kira tette' oto lompo palurang kaju papang kira-kira tette' vehicle large NRp-load wood board probably o'clock salapang ri bangngia lantema ri SungguMinasa, salapang ri bangngi-a lante -ma ri SungguMinasa nine GP night -DEF arrive -1sCMP GP SungguMinasa nijakkalami injo otoa nasaba' labbi ni- jakkala-mi injo oto -a nasaba' labbi PASS-catch -3CMP that vehicle-DEF and -reason more luranna. lurang-na load -3PO

Like one experience which I will tell Aku akan menceritakan pengalamanku about. One time in 1961 I was getting pada tahun 1961. Saat itu saya berhasrat ready to go down to Ujung Pandans, ke Ujung Pandang karena ipar [sayaj because my cousin's wife had died yang beralamat Jalan Lure 25 Ujung Pandang on Lure street number mening.gal dunia. Perjalanan ketika itu 25. So I walked down to Bulukumba, ke Bulukumba dengan berjalan kaki, then at Bulukumba I rode in a truck baru setelah itu naik mobil truk. Kira- carrying wood and boards. About nine kira jam 9 malam baru tiba di Sunggu o'clock at night I arrived in Sunggu Minasa, tetapi malang bagi saya karena Minasa, the truck was taken into mobil ditangkap dengan alasan custody because it had too heavy a load. kelebihan muatan. 106 SULAINESILANGUAGETEXTS

Injo mange parangku tau amminahang ri injo mange para -ku tau ang-pinahang ri that dir_away fellow-1sPO person VRt -follow GP

otoa naung ase'mi angnganre ri pabalu, oto -a naung ase'-mi ang-kanre ri pabalu' vehicle-DEF go_down a11 -3CMP VRt -eat GP NRp-sell kanrea. Inakke naung to'ma anre' nakke kanre-a i- nakke naung to' -ma anre' nakke rice -DEF PI-1sPRO go_down also-lsCMP NEG 1sPRO

tahaku, labbusui bele' nakua pabalu' kanrea. taha -ku labbusu bede' na-kua pabalu, kanre-a portion-1sPO all_gone-3A RS 3E-say NRp-sell rice -DEF

A'bojaa gadde maraeng talarie'. Jari a'- boja -a gadde maraeng tala-rie' jari VRi-look_for-ISA snack different NEGp-have happen

a'bojama oto nulakupake a'tarrusu a'- boja -ma oto nu- la-ku- pake a'- tarrusu VRi-look_for-1sCMP vehicle RELp-F- 1sE-use VRi-Continue

naung ri UjungPandang, anre' apapa oto. Jari naung ri UjungPandang anre' apapa oto jari go_down GP UjungPandang NEG anything vehicle happen

a'dakkaa sanggenna lante ri UjungPandang ri Jalang a'- dakka-a sanggeng-na lante ri UjungPandang ri jalang VRi-walk -1sA until -3PO arrive GP UjungPandang GP street

Lure nomoro ruang pulo lima. Lure nomoro rua-ng pulo lima Lure number two-QNs ten five

There all my fellow passengers in the Penumpang lainnya semua turun makan truck got out to eat at an eating place. I di warung. Anehnya saya turun juga also got out but there wasn't anything mencari makanan, tetapi penjual for me, the rice seller said it was all makanan mengatakan sudah habis. gone. I looked for other food, but there [Kemudiani saya mencari makanan wasn't any. So I lOoked for another disekitar tempat itu, tetapi jawaban vehicle which I could take the rent of para penjual mengatakan habis. the way to Ujung Pandang, but there Kemudian saya mencari kendaraan wasn't any vehicle. So I walked all the yang akan terus ke Ujung Pandang way to Ujung Pandang Lure Street, tetapi nihil pula. Sehingga saya terus number 25. berjalan kaki menuju Jalan Lure 25. KONJO 107

Tallung bangngia a'bangngi ri UjungPandang tallu-ng bangngi-a a'- bangngi ri UjungPandang three-QNs night -1sA VRi-night GP UjungPandang

mangema a'tajang oto, mingka injo mange -ma a'- tajang oto mingka injo dir_away-1sCMP VRi-wait_for vehicle but that

hattua angngallei taua karcis nampa hattu-a ang-alle-i tau -a karcis nampa time -DEF VRt-take-3A person-DEF ticket then

kulle a'dongko' oto. Tallung alloa kulle a'- dongko' oto tallu-ng allo-a can VRi-ride vehicle three-QNs day -1sA

sitampe-tampe mange a'tajang anre' sitampe-tampe mange a'- tajang, anre' REC-consecutive dir_away VRi-wait_for NEG

nakungnguppa karcis, punna anre' na- ku- ang-uppa karcis punna anre' CPR-1sE-VRt-find ticket if NEG

nalabbusu kunampa lante ta'tongko'mi na-labbusu kunampa lante ta'- tongko'-mi 3E-all_gone 1sE-then arrive NVOL-cover -3CMP

pangngalleang karcisa. pa-ang-alle-ang karcis-a NR-VRt-take-NRs ticket-DEF

I stayed in Ujung Pandang for three Selama tiga malam saya bermalam di nights, then went to wait for a vehicle, Ujung Pandang, kemudian saya sudah but at that time people had to get a ingin kembali ke kampung. Saya ticket before they could ride the vehicle. mencari mobil penumpang, diwajibkan For three consecutive days I went and membeli karcis barulah bisa naik mobil. waited but I couldn't get a ticket, if they Selama tiga hari bertunit-turut saya weren't all gone by the time I got there, berusaha untuk mendapatkan karcis the ticket office was closed. tetapi tidak berhasil mendapatkannya. 108 SULNWESILANGUAGETEXTS

Maka pa'tangnga allonapa kunampa a'tajang maka pa-a'- tangnga allo-na -pa kunampa a'- tajang then NR-VRi-middle day -3PO-INC 1sE-then VRi-wait_for oto maraeng ri tangngana annoranga oto maraeng ri tangnga-na annoro -ang-a vehicle different GP middle -3PO by_way_of-NRs-DEF nakunampa a'kulle a'dongko' oto amminro nai' na- ku- nampa a'- kulle a'- dongko' oto a'- inro nai' and-lsE-then VRi-can VRi-ride vehicle VRi-return go_up mae saggenna Bantaeng. Ri Bantaenga a'bangngi mae saggeng-na Bantaeng ri Bantaeng-a a'- bangngi come until -3PO Bantaeng GP Bantaeng-lsA VRi-night anre'mo oto nai' mae ri Kalimporo iareka ri Kajang. anre'-mo oto nai' mae ri Kalimporo iareka ri Kajang NEG -CMP vehicle go_up come GP Kalimporo or GP Kajang

Jari ammallia sapeda, kunampa sapeda nai' mae ri jari ang-halli-a sapeda kunampa sapeda nai' mae ri happen VRt-buy -1sA bicycle 1sE-then bicycle go_up come GP

Bulukumba, kunjoja ri Kalammassang annyengka Bulukumba kunjo-ja ri Kalammassang ang-sengka Bulukumba there-1sEMP GP Kalammassang VRt-stopin a'bangngi injo bangngia nasaba' a'- bangngi injo bangngi-a nasaba' malla'-malla'-ma VRi-night that night -DEF and-reason afraid -1sCMP assapeda nai' mae ri Bulukumba, nasaba' bangngimi. sapeda nai' mae ri Bulukumba nasaba' bangngi-mi VRi-bicycle go_up come GP Bulukumba and-reason night -3CMP Then at midday I waited for another Baru pada hari ke-empat saya berhasil vehicle in the middle of the road, only mendapatkan mobil jurusan ke then could I get a vehicle which would Bantaeng saja. Di Bantaeng saya take me as far as Bantaeng. I spent the bermalam karena tidak ada satu mobil night at Bantaeng but there weren't any pun untuk jurusan Kalimporo atau vehicles going to Kalimporo or Kajang. Kajang. Untuk melanjutkan perjalanan So I bought a bicycle, and then bicycled ke Kajang terpaksa membeli sepeda to Bulukumba, at Kalammassang I untuk dipakai ke Bulukumba, tetapi stopped to spend the night because I malang pula sebab hanya sampai di was afraid to bicycle to Bulukumba Kalamassan, singgah bermalam lagi because it was night. karena takut melanjutkan perjalanan ke Bulukumba sebab telah larut malam. KONJO 109

Mingka anre, todo' nakusiitte nummanrakia mingka anre' todo' na- ku- siitte nu- ang-panra'-i -a but NEG also CPR-1sE-REC-meet RELp-VRt-ruin -LOC-1sA padayami gorombolang DI/TII, injo hattua punna pada-a -mi gorombolang DI/TII injo hattu-a punna same-DEF-3CMP rebellion fan_Islam that time -DEF if a'lampaiki rie'pa oto tantara iareka rie'pa a'- lampa-i -ki rie'-pa oto tantara iareka rie'-pa VRi-go -LOC-IpA have-INC vehicle soldier or have-INC tantara taua angngurangki, mingka inakke tantara tau -a ang-urang -ki mingka nakke soldier person-DEF VRt-accompany-lpA but PI-1sPRO anre'ja. Tette' tallu ribangngia allantea ri anre'-ja tette' tallu ri-bangngi-a ang-lante -a ri NEG -EMP o'clock three GP-night -DEF VRt-arrive-lsA GP Bulukumba. Lantea ri Bulukumba kunjoma a'tajang Bulukumba lante -a ri Bulukumba kunjo-ma a'- tajang Bulukumba arrive-1sA GP Bulukumba there-1sCMP VRi-waitfor sinara. Mangea ri pabalu' kanrea, anre' kanre sinara mange -a ri pabalu' kanre-a anre' kanre daylight dir_away-1sA GP NRp-sell rice -DEF NEG rice nibalukang, mangea ri pabalu' gaddea punna ni- bal&-ang mange -a ri pabalu' gadde-a punna PASS-sell -BEN dir_away-lsA GP NRp-sell snack-DEF if anre' nakua anre'pa natasa' nakua labbusumi. anre' na-kua anre'-pa na-tasa' na-kua labbusu -mi NEG 3E-say NEG -INC 3E-cooked 3E-say all_gone-3CMP

But I also didn't meet anything harmful Untung saya tidak mendapat halangan such as the Islamic rebellion; at that dari gorombolan. Pada waktu itu, kalau time if we went anywhere it was by bepergian harus dengan kendaraan military vehicle or with a military escort, militer atau mendapat pengawalan dari but I didn't have anything. At three TNI barulah bepergian. Jam tiga o'clock in the night I arrived at Bulu- dinihari saya tiba di Bulukumba. Di kumba. When I got to Bulukumba I Bulukumba saya menunggu sampai waited there until daylight. I went to a siang. Saya ke warung mencari rice seller - there wasn't any rice for makanan juga tidak ada. Jawaban dari sale; I went to a snack stand - if they penjual makanan hanya ada dua, didn't say it wasn't cooked yet, they said pertama habis dan ke-dua belum masak. it was all gone. 110 SULAWSILANGUAGETEXTS

Jari ele'i assapedama nai' mae ri jari ele' a'- sapeda -ma nai' mae ri happen morning-3A VRi-bicycle-lsCMP go_up come GP BatuGaropo. Kunjo ri BatuGaropo annyengkama BatuGaropo kunjo ri BatuGaropo ang-sengka -ma BatuGaropo there GP BatuGaropo VRt-stop_in-lsCMP a'boja gadde pole lakuhalli anre' pole a'- boja gadde pole la-ku- halli anre' pole VRi-look_for snack also F- 1sE-buy NEG also nibalukang. Labbusu ase'mi tu'balu'a. ni- balu'-ang labbusu ase'-mi tau a'- balu'-a PASS-sell -BEN all_gone all -3CMP person VRi-sell -DEF Annyengkaa ri balla'na matoang purinangku ang-sengka -a ri balla'-na matoang purina -ku VRt-stop_in-lsA GP house -3PO parent_in_law aunt_uncle-lsPO ri Katangka, ana'-ana' mami kuhuntulang ri balla'na, ri Katangka ana'-ana' mami kuhuntulu -ang ri balla'-na GP Katangka small_child 3REM 1sE-discover-BEN GP house -3PO kanrena anre' to'mo. Nai'a mae ri Palampang kanre-na anre' to' -mo nai' -a mae ri Palampang rice -3PO NEG' also-CMP go_up-lsA come GP Palampang injo tau kupassengkaia talarie' injo tau ku- pa- a'- sengka -a tala-rie' that person 1sE-CAUS-VRi-stop_in-LOC-RELS NEGp-have kuhuntulu ri balla'na pasiissengangku injo. kuhuntulu ri balla'-na pa- si- isseng-ang-ku injo 1sE-discover GP house -3PO NRp-REC-know -NRs-lsPO that

So in the morning I bicycled up to Siang harinya saya melanjutkan per- BatuGaropo. At BatuGaropo I also jalanan ke Batu Karopa. Setelah tiba di stopped to find some food to buy, but Batu Karopa saya mencari makanan there was nothing being sold. All the lagi untuk dibeli tetapi tidak juga sellers were gone. I stopped at the mendapat. Semuanya telah terjual house of my uncle's parents-in-law at habis. Setelah melanjutkan perjalanan, Katangka, I only found the children at saya singgah di rumah mertua di home, there wasn't any rice either. I Katangka. Saya hanya mendapati anak- went up to Palampang, I couldn't find anak di rumah, makanan juga telah anyone I wanted to visit at home among habis. Kemudian saya laniutkan ke my acquaintances there. Palampang untuk menemm kenalan tetapi saya tidak temukan lagi dia di rumahnya. KONJO 111

Saggenna ri Tanete kuhoja ase'i pabalu'-balu' saggeng-na ri Tanete kuhoja ase'-i pa- balue-balu' until -3P0 GP Tanete 1sE-look_for all -3A NRp-sell, gadde, kuhoja ase, pabalu' kanrea anre' tau gadde kuhoja ase' pabalu' kanre-a anre' tau snack 1sE-look_for all NRp-sell rice -DEF NEG person a'balu' anre' todo' tau ananro kanre-kanreang. a'- balu' anre' todo, tau a- nanro kanre-kanre-ang VRi-sell NEG also person STV-save food -NRs

Sanggengku lante mae ri Dassa' a'boja loka sanggeng-ku lante mae ri Dassa' a'- boja loka until -1sPO arrive come GP Dassa' VRi-lookfor t. nana ka pa're kaleama mingka anre' mosse ka pa're kalea-ma mingka anre' mo -sse' because hungry very -1sCHP but NEG CMP -REP nibalukang; punna tannakua anre' kubalukang, nakua ni- balu'-ang punna tang-na-kua anre' ku -balu'-ang na-kua PASS-sell -BEN if NEGp-3E-say NEG 1sE-sell -BEN 3E-say labbusumi. Lanteku to'pa ri balla'ku ri labbusu -mi lante -ku to' -pa ri balla'-ku ri all_gone-3CHP arrive-lsPO also-INC GP house -1sPO GP

Kalimporo ri tette' limaya ri karahie'na kunampa Kalimporo ri tette' lima-a ri karahie' -na ku -nampa Kalimporo GP o'clock five-DEF GP afternoon-3PO isE-then

A11 the way to Tanete I looked for all Sehingga saya melanjutkan ke Tanete. the food sellers; I looked for all the rice Tiba di Tanete Isayal mencari lagi sellers; no one was selling anything; no warung yang menjual makanan tetapi one had saved any food. A11 the way to semuanya tidak ada yang menjual Dassa' I looked for bananas because I makanan. Saya melanjutkan perjalanan was really hungry but again there wasn't ke Dassa, setelah tiba di Dassa saya ber- anything being 5old; if they didn't say tanya lagi pada penjual pisang karena they weren't selling any, they said they sudah lapar, tetaptjawaban penjual were all gone. When I finally arrived at mengatakan habis. Waktu saya tiba di my house in Kalimporo at five o'clock in rumahku di Kalimporo pada jam lima the afternoon sore, barulah 112 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS angnganre; ti bangnginaji kungnganre ri Bantaeng ri ang-kanre ri bangngi-na -ji ku- ang-kanre ri Bantaeng ri VRt-eat GP night -3PO-3EMP 1sE-VRt-eat GP Bantaeng GP balla'na taua sikiddi to'ji pole. Apakua' balla'-na tau -a sikiddi to' -ji pole a- pakua house -3PO person-DEF little_bit also-3EMP also STV-thus minjo pau-paunna iareka cari'-caritanna nikuaya mi -injo pau-pau-na iareka cari'-carita-na ni- kua-a 3CMP-that report -3PO or story -3PO PASS-say-RELs sinrahung, salaang napakei tau rioloa. Ia sinrahung sala -ang na-pake-i tau ri-olo -a ia invisibility wrong-NRs 3E-use -3A person GP-before-DEF 3PRO nikuaya salaang napakei tau rioloa ni- kua-a sala -ang na-pake-i tau ri-olo -a PASS-say-RELs wrong-NRs 3E-use -3A person GP-before-DEF su'rung kunni-kunnina risesena tau su'rung kunni-kunni-na ri-sese -na tau until now -3PO, GP-among_a11-3PO person angngisse'a, mingka ia nikuaya sinrahung ang-isse'-a mingka ia ni- kua-a sinrahung VRt-know -RELs but 3PRO PASS-say-RELs invisibility sikaliji nipake sitaung anre' na'kulle sikali-ji nipake sitaung anre' na-a,- kulle one-time-3EMP PASS-use one-year NEG 3E-VRi-can anjari punna nipakei a'tarru'-tarrusu injO ang-jari punna nipake-i a'- tarru'-tarrusu injo VRt-happen if PASS-use -3A VRi-continuously that I was able to eat; I also ate a little bit at saya mendapat makanart; saya juga the people's house that night in makan sedikit pada malam di Bantaeng. Bantaeng. So that's the report or the Demikianlah hal ihwal yang dinamakan story of what is called invisibility and mempunyai ilmu gaib dan ilmu kebal invincibility which was used by people in yang dipakai orang-orang zaman the old days. Now it only hap-pens with dahulu. Ilmu itu juga dipakai sampai people who know about it, but that sekarang bagi orang yang mengetahui. which is called invisibility can only be Akan tetapi ilmu gaib hanya dapat used once a year, it can't be used all the dipakai satu kali setahun. time, KONJO 113

anua, nasaba' punna nipakei a'tarru'-tarrusu anu-a nasaba' punna nipake-i a'- tarru'-tarrusu GVW-DEF and-reason if PASS-use -3A VRi-continuously a'kulle tau napake a'lukka'. Jari anre' a'- kulle tau na-pake a'- lukka' jari anre' VRi-can person 3E-use VRi-steal happen NEG nisareangi ri AllaTaala iareka ri setang ni- sare-ang-i ri AllaTaala iareka ri setang PASS-give-BEN-3A GP God or GP demon numpatantangi injo jama-jamaanga. Sikua nu- ang-pa- tantang-i injo jama-jama-ang-a sikua RELp-VRt-CAUS-hold -3A that work -NRs-DEF REC-say jinjo kurapi' kupau iareka kucarita. Bara' ji injo kurapi' kupau iareka kucarita bara' 3EMP that 1sE-reaCh 1sE-tell or 1sE-story perhaps a'kullei rie' ampanabai punna rie' pale' a'- kulle-i rie' ang-pa- naba punna rie' pale' VRi-can -3A havp VRt-CAUS-correct-3A if have anyway! sala, napakahaji' punna rie' kurang. E, Salama'. sala na-paka- haji' punna rie' kurang e salama' wrong 3E-CAUSa-good if have less well, safe

because if it was used alI the time Jika dipakai terus-menerus akan disalah people could use it to steal. So it isn't "gunakan oleh orang jahat untuk men- given by God or demons to those who curi, jadi hanya satu kali setahun. [Ilmu would do such things. So that's the end ini] tidak dapat diberikan oleh Tuhan of what I can tell. Perhaps there is Allah atau setan kepada orang yang someone who could correct it if there is akan memegang hal-hal semacam itu. something wrong or make it better if it Demikianlah yang dapat saya ceritakan. is lacking. Well, farewell. Harap dikoreksi, jika ada kekurangan mohon ditambah, jika berlebihan mohon dikurangi. Sekian dan terima kasih. 114 SULAWESI LANGUAGE TEXTS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

This bibliography is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather to give a listing of the articles written by those who have contributed texts to this volume. Most of the following articles .will have its own bibliography giving a more complete listing of materials written about the various languages. Any of the manuscripts noted below may be obtained by writing directly to the author at SIL, Box 164, Ujung Pandang 90001, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. BARR, Don, Sharon BARR and C. SALOMBE 1979 Languages of Central Sulawesi. Hasanuddin University. Ujung Pandang. BARR, Donald F. and Sharon G. 1988 Phonology of Da'a, Central Sulawesi. In Steinhauer. BARR, Donald F. 1988 The Functions of Reduplication in Da'a. In Steinhauer. 1988 Da'a Verbal Affixes and Clitics. In Steinhauer. 1988 Focus and Mood in Da'a Discourse. In Steinhauer. BARR, Sharon G. 1988, Da'a Kinship and Marriage. In Steinhauer. BUSENITZ, Bob 1989 Balantak Phonology. To appear. BUSENITZ, Marilyn 1988 Balantak Demonstratives, Locatives and Directionals. To appear. CHRISTENSEN, Juha and Pirkko 1989 Rampi Phonology. Manuscript. EVANS, Donna 1990 Proto-Kaili-Pamona. Manuscript. 1989 Phonology of Ledo. Manuscript. FRIBERG, Barbara 1988 Ergativity, Focus and Verb Morphology in Several South Sulawesi LanguageS. VICAL1, Oceanic Languages, Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Ed. by Ray Harlow and Robin Hooper. Auckland, New Zealand. FRIBERG, Timothy, ed. 1988 South Sulawesi Survey Papers. Workpapers in Inclonesian Linguistics #5. SIL. Jayapura. BIBL1OGRAPHY 115

FRIBERG, Timothy and Barbara 1988 A Dialect Geography of Bugis. In Steinhauer. 1989 Notes on Konjo Phonology. To appear. GRIMES, Charles E. and Barbara D. 1987 Languages of South Sulawesi. Pacific Linguistics, D-78, LASKOWSKE, Thomas 1990 Seko Phonology. (in process) MARTENS, Martha 1987 Conversational Clitics in Uma. NUSA, 27:1-18. MARTENS, Michael 1986 Perfective mi in Uma Discourse. Language in Global Persepctive, ed. by Benjamin F. Elson, 163-176. SIL. Dallas. 1987 The Poor Fellow and the Assertive Fellow: a Study of two conjugated clitics in Uma. NUSA, 27:19-48. 1988 Phonology of Uma. In Steinhauer. 1988 Notes on Uma Verbs.. In Steinhauer. 1988 Focus and Discourse in Uma. In Steinhauer. 1988 How Big is Your Rice? - Units of Measurement among the Uma People. In Steinhauer. 1988 Focus or Ergativity? Pronoun Sets in Uma. In Steinhauer. 1989 Proto-Kaili-Pamona. Manuscript. MARTENS, Michael and Martha 1988 Some Notes on the inelegant glottal: A Problem in Uma Phonology. In Steinhauer. STEINHAUER, Hein, ed. 1988 Papers in Western Austronesian Linguistics No. 4. Pacific Linguistics, _ A-79. Australian National University. Publications in the LANGUAGE DATA series are available from the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Academic Publications Office, 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Road, Dallas, Texas 75236, U.S.A. LANGUAGE DATA publications in the Asia-Pacific Series to date are: No. 1 More on the Deep and Surface Grammar of Interclausal Relations by D. Lee Ballard, Robert J. Conrad and Robert E. Longacre, 1971, v + 59 pp., ISBN 0-88312-201-4. Also published as Microfiche AP 1, ISBN 0-88312- 301-0. No. 2 A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-North-Bahnaric by Kenneth D. Smith, 1972, v + 106 pp., ISBN 0-88312-202-2. Also published as Microfiche AP 2, ISBN 0-88312-302-9. No. 3 Barai Sentence Structure and Embedding by Michael L. Olson, 1973, viii + 141 pp., ISBN 0-88312-203-0. Also published as Microfiche AP 3, ISBN 0-88312-303-7. No. 4 Grammar of Yessan-Mayo by Velma Foreman, 1973, iv + 302 pp., ISBN 0-99312-204-9. Also published as Microfiche AP 4, ISBN 0-88312-304-5. (No. 5) A Preliminary Vocabulary of Tifal with Grammar Notes by Phyllis M. Healey and Walter Steinkraus, 1972, 117 pp., Microfiche AP 5, ISBN 0- 88312-305-3. No. 6 Notes on Mansaka Grammar by Gordon and Thelma Svelmoe, 1974, 138 pp., ISBN 0-88312-206-5. Also published as Microfiche AP 6, ISBN 0- 88312-306-1. No. 7 Tolai Language Course by Karl J. Franldin, Harland B. Kerr and Olive H. Beaumont, 1974, 138 pp., ISBN 0-88312-207-3. Also published as Microfiche AP 7, ISBN 0-88312-307-X. No. 8 Mamanwa Grammar by Jeanne and Helen Miller, 1976, 194 pp., ISBN 0- 88312-208-1. Also published as Microfiche AP 8, ISBN 0-88312-308-8. No. 9 Notes on Balangao Grammar by Joanne Shetler, 1976, 248 pp., ISBN 0- 88312-209-X. Also published as Microfiche AP 9, ISBN 0-88312-309-6. • No. 10 Notes and Queries on Language Analysis by David Thomas, 1975, 121 pp., ISBN 0-88312-210-3. Also published as Microfiche AP 10, ISBN 0-88312- 310-X. No. 11 Semantics of Omie Discourse by John F. and June Austing, 1977, 67 pp., ISBN 0-88312-211-1. Also published as Microfiche AP 11, ISBN 0-88312- 311-8. No. 12 Angan Languages are Different ed. by Phyllis M. Healey, 1981, 120 pp., ISBN 0-88312-212-X. Also published as Microfiche AP 12, ISBN 0- 88312-312-6. No. 13 An Investigation of the Tones of Lhasa Tibetan by Annemarie Hari, 1980, x + 232 pp., ISBN 0-88312-213-8. Also published as Microfiche AP 13, ISBN 0-88312-313-4. No. 14 Bomeo Language Studies I ed. by Charles Peck, 1988, ix + 228 pp., ISBN 0-88312-214-6. Also published as Microfiche AP 14, ISBN 0-88312-314-2. No. 15 Sulawesi Language Texts ed by Barbara Friberg, 1990, viii + 117 pp„ ISBN 0-88312-215-4. Also published as Microfiche AP 15, ISBN 0-88312- 300-2. No. 16 Mansaka Dictionary by Gordon and Thelma Svelmoe, 1990, xv * 536 pp., ISBN 0-88312-216-2. Also published as Microfiche AP 16, ISBN 0-88312- 335-5. (in preparation) No. 17 Language as Social Behavior: Folk Tales as a Database for Developing a Beyond-the-discourse Model by Imanuel Christian, 1987, xii + 308 pp., ISBN 0-88312-217-0. Also published as Microfiche AP 17, ISBN 0-88312- 317-7. There is an African Series and an Amerindian Series which can also be obtained from Dallas.