1254 'CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 14 H . R. 2636. A bill for the relief of Mrs. absence on account of the death of his treaty when finally drawn will perma­ Hanaco Tatsumi; to the Committee on the brother. nently settle the matter. Judiciary. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to H. R. 2637. A bill for the relief of Kwan Mr. Speaker, while I have the ftoor I Hon Cheun; to the Committee on the Judi­ the request of the gentleman from should like to discuss another matter ciary. Illinois? with the membership of the House. By Mr. SCHWABE: There was no objection. A recent news release has stated that H. R. 2638. A bill for the relief of Joh_n . ·RUSSIA'S DISPOSITION OF AMERICAN Russia has handed Communist China David Logan; to the Committee on the Judi­ LEASE-LEND SHIPS several former Japanese warships as the ciary. nucleus of a South China fteet and has By Mr. SECREST: Mr. TOLLEFSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask H. R. 2639. A bill for the relief of Richard assigned 50 Soviet officers to train the unanimous consent to address the House Chinese. M. Taylor and Lydia Taylor; to the Commit­ for 1 minute and. to revise and extend tee on the Judiciary. Another recent news account informs my remarks. us that our State Department l:as re­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to quested and is now negotiating for the PETITIONS, ETC. the request of the gentleman from return of 672 naval and inerchant vessels Under clause 1 of rule XX:II, petitions Washington? which we loaned to Russia under lend­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk There was no objection. lease during World War II. These in­ and referred as follows: Mr. TOLLEFSON. Mr. Speaker, I am clude 87 merchant vessels built by us dur­ 46. By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: R:s.olu­ in receipt of a copy of a letter dated ing the war at a cost of some one million tion of the St. Catherine's Hospital Auxiliary, February 7, 1951, written by Shigeru Yo­ to one and a half million dollars each. Kenosha, Wis., reaffirming faith in the A~e~­ shida, Prime Minister of Japan, ad­ No one seems to know how many millions ican voluntary way to safeguard the Nations dressed to John Foster Dulles, and deal­ of dollars the naval vessels cost us. So health and insure against the costs of ill­ ing with the subject of fisheries in the far as I have been able to ascertain, this ness and unequivocally opposing any form eastern Pacific and in the Bering Sea. . of national compulsory health insurance as is the second request made by us since a dangerous step toward complete acceptance The Prime Minister informs Mr. Dulles the end of the war for the return of these of a planned socialistic economy; to the that the Japanese Government will, vessels. The news account says that Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- pending the negotiations for a peace Ru::;sia has refused to discuss the return merce. treaty with the United States, volun­ of the ships. 47 By the SPEAKER: Petition of Walter tarily prohibit their national residents c. Peterson, city clerk, .Los Angeles, Calif., In view of Russia's attitude, and in and vessels from carrying on fishing op­ view also of the fact that the House Com­ requesting Congress to oppose any pr.oposed erations in presently conserved fisheries increase in Federal gasoline-tax levies; to mittee on Maritime Affairs has been un­ the Committee on Ways a,nd Means. in the above waters. Particularly in­ able to find out where the vessels are or volved are the salmon and halibut fish­ 48. Also, petition of·John J. A: ~g~r, execu­ to what use they are put: the question is tive director, Twenty-ninth D1v1sion As~o­ eries. The Japanese Government rec­ raised whether or not some of these ves­ ciation, Inc., Washington, D. C., endorsmg ognizes that this country, and possibly sels have not also, like the Japanese war­ the stand of Senator HERBERT R. O'Co~oR others, has adopted certain voluntary ships, be~J1. turned_over to Communist in opposing shipment of ma~erial of va~ue self-denying measures to prevent the ex­ China. I, for one, would like to know, to communist China, and recommeµdmg haustion of high seas fisheries. It also complete embargo against Communist China; and I intend to ask the· State Depart­ to the Comm!ttee on Foreign Affairs. recognizes in the letter that if these con­ ment to make full inquiry into the served fisheries were to be subjected to matter. · uncontrolled fishing from other countries The whole affair seems ridiculous, .as the result would be international friction does the action of our own Government HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the exhaustion of the fisheries them­ ·in the matter. We have been informed selves. that we were going to stop our policy of Japan is to be commended for its ac­ WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1951 appeasement and speak to Russia in tion in this matter. Much credit must firmer tones. From what has happened The House met at 12 o'clock noon. also be given to Mr. Dulles who undoubt­ and is happening it would seem that our edly discussed the subject with repre­ The Chaplain, Rev. Ben1ara Braskamp, d~termination to change our policy has D. D.; offered the following pr~yer: sentatives of the Japanese Government not proceeded beyond the talki.ng stage. in his recent visit. However, most. Alnrtghty and ete~nal God, may this 'Through.our appeasement policy we have credit for obtaining this action by the ·hefped Russia and her satellites to build Lenten season upon which we have en­ Japanese Prime Minister must be given .tered daily be~onie richer and more up their war machine. We are still con­ to Mr. Miller Freeman, of the Pacific tinuing to do so. As an illustration, may glorious in the culture and deepening of Fisheries Conference, and Mr. Edward our spiritual life. I point to our continued trade with Rus­ Allen, attorney, both of Seattle, Wash. sia at our expense. She has exported Cleanse our souls of all unrighteous­ Both Mr. Freeman and Mr. Allen have ness as we give ourselves to meditation products to our country in order to ob­ long been interested in Pacific fisheries tain our dollars with which to purchase and qui ~t waiting upon Thee in the spirit matters. One of their primary objec­ strategic materials. For instance, dur­ of contrition and confession, of penitence tives has been the protection and preser­ ing the past 5 years we had imported al­ and humility. vation of our own salmon and halibut :. Grant that by self-examination and most $200,000,000 worth of Russian furs fisheries. They have constantly urged at the expense of our own domestic fur self-discipline our wills may be strength­ that the proposed Japanese peace treaty ened to gain the mastery over every in­ industry, Several thousand American contain provisions dealing witr~ this sub­ fur farmers have been driven out of busi­ surgent impulse, every inordinate desire, ject. During the past year conferences ness because they cannot compete with and every self-indulgent habit of life. were held with Japanese representatives Russian slave or forced labor. Our De­ May each day of this blessed season be in which the matter was discussed. The a veritable gateway through which we partment of State and Department of views of the Pacific Fisheries Conference Commerce say they cannot do anything shall enter joyously into the spiritual were made known to Mr. Dulles prior to realities of the more abundant life and about this matter because furs are on the his trip to Japan. Mr. Dulles was urged so-called free list. This despite the receive the benediction of Thy grace and to support the views of the conference peace. and was requested to take with him a fact that by law the Secretary of Com­ Hear us in the name of our Lord and United States fisheries consultant. Both merce can prohibit the importation of Saviour. Amen. Mr. Freeman and Mr. Allen were aware, products manufactured by slave or forced The Journal of the proceedings of yes·- not only of the need for conserving fish­ labor. As a matter of fact, the Secretary ery resources, but also of the possibility of Commerce recently prohibited the im­ terday was read and approved. of international friction if the problem portation of crabmeat from Russia un­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE was not properly handled. Their ex­ der his legal authority to do so. Why Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I ask tended efforts to settle the question are can he not also prohibit the inworta­ unanimous consent that my colleague largely responsible for the voluntary ac­ tion of Russian furs? Why cannot our the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SIMP­ tion on the part of the Japanese Govern­ officials face the facts? Why do they .soNJ may be granted a week's leave of me!lt. It is to be hoped that the peace have to continue this pretense and sham? I 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1255

~TRA COMPENSATION. FOR CERTAIN . The Whitten ~mendment merely pro­ Review Board has had to work for the WORK PERFORMED BY CUST0MS OF· vides that the Civil S'ervice Commission past few years. FICE~S AND. EMPLOYEES should e ~ercis e its power and authority_ The new Chairman of the Loyalty Re­ Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Mr. to carry out this po'licy. view Board, fo:rrmer United States S~ na­ Speaker, I ask unanimous. consent that In addition, the Whitten amendment tor from Comrecticut, and the majority the Committee on Post Office and Civil provides that transfers and promotions of the mem bers of the Board are to be .Service be discharged from further con- within the Federal service should be cvngratulaited on passing a resolution in . sideration of the bill . CH. R. 1009) to ' made on a temporary basis. After ex­ accordance With my suggestions that the provide for the payment of ex.tra com­ amining the views of the Civil Service President change the standards 1.mder pensation for certain work heretofore Commission, I find it is in substantial which the Board has' to work at present. performed by customs officers and em­ acet!>rd with this P<'>licy. It is the desire It is regrettable that Mr. Seth Rich­ ployees, and for other purposes, and ot Congress to protect the rights of vet­ ardson, who was Chairman of the Loy­ that the bill be referred to the Com­ erans who return to tllle Federal service alty Review Board for nearly 4 yeaiFs, did mittee on the Judiciary. at the conclusion of the emergency. not take simi.'lar action all du:T"i:ng the The SPEAKER. Is there objection l!n strengthening the Whitten amend­ time he was Chairman. The fact thait to the request of the gentleman from ment, it is my belief that a provision Mr. Richardson did not take s.uchl action Tennessee? shourd be included to prevent the too is one of many reasons why he is not There was no objection. :rap.id pr0motion irate among cell'tain qualified to be Chairman of the Board F'ederal employees which occurred during to administeF the McCan:an .Act. SE.CRETARY OF COMMERCE World War II so that at the conclusion H Mr. Truman is sincere in wanting Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Mr. of the emergency there will not be an to really rid the Government of aiU em­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that e-xeessive and disproportionate number ployees who a:re disloyal, he will\ imme­ the Committee on Post Office and Civil of persons occupying positions in the diately adopt the recommendaitiolllS of Service be discharged from further con­ higher grades. his Loyalty Review Board. It is his re­ sideration of the bill CH. R. 1898') au­ Specifically, the changes which I ad­ sp.onsibility, aind it is up to him to either thorizing an annual appro:priation to vocate to strengthen the Whitten back up the BE>aird or publicly admit he ·enable the Secretary of Commerce to amendment are: First, provide that em­ does not intend toi have a real loyalty compile and make available information pleyees :may not be :premoted to a higher program. and statistical data relating to travel grade without a waiting period of at Quoting from the Washington .Post. within the United States and that the least 12 months; second, require that the Senator Bingham said: bill be referred to the Commi1ltee on Civil Service Commission should provide Where there are reasonable doubts of his Interstate and Foreign Commerce. reem:ployment rights for all permanent loyalty no person should be employed by tile · The SPE'AKER. Is there objection status emp!oyees who transfer to de­ Federal Government. to the request of the gentleman from fense- departments and agencies from I agree with that statement, and I Tennessee? nondefense Government activities; and think Senator Bingham am! the Loyalty There was no objection. third, allow promotions on a permanent Review Board are to be 'congratulated on IN SUPPORT OF THE WHIT'IEN basis. only fer permanent status employ­ their stand. · ees who are promoted to positions which ~MmND¥ENT were in existence prior to September 2, SPECIAL. ORDER GRANTED Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Mr. 1950-the effective date· of the Whitten Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, r ask unanimm1s comsent to aimendment-contingent upon a reex­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that address the House for 1 minute and to a:mfiilaition of such promotions upon the on Monday; Tnesday, and W edinesdaiy of revise and extend my remarks. return of veterans te the Federal service . next week, at the conclusion of the legis­ The SPEAKER. Is there ebjection who were not considered for such higher lative program amd other special orders, to the request of the gentleman from positions during their service in the I may be ][ermittted to proceed for 10 Tennessee? Armed Forces. minutes and to revise and extend my . There was no objection. Under this policy and the Whitten remarks. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Mr. amendment, the numbeF of permanent Mr. RANKIN. M11. Speaker, reserv­ Speaker, in approving the Whitten status employees of the Government will ing the right .to object, I want to ask amendment to the Supplemental Appro­ not be increased. However, at the same the gentleman from Massachusetts a priation Act for fiscal year 1951, the time there would be maintained a civil­ question. Thursday of next week is Congress exercised sound judgment. It service system which recognizes the Washington's Birthday ~ Are we going is my view that the Qpera:tion of the merit, ability, experience, and length of to have them read Washington's Fare. Whitten amendment has saved millions service of status civil-service emplayees. well Address again? of dollars and will save more in the In addition, the national defense activi­ Mr. McCORMACK. That is already future. This amendment should be ties wtll have been aided with the full arranged for. . strengthened, not weakened, mmd should utrlization of thousands of experienced Mr. RANK1N. Who is going to read be included in the appropiria:tion bill for Federal employees now engaged in non­ it? fiscal year 1952. defense work. Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman I am certain that all Members of Con­ LOYALTY OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES will have to ask the Speaker. gress desire to prevent personnel abuses Mr. RANKIN. I see. and malpractices which Cl)Ccurred in the Mr. BUSBEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. McCORMACK. You see, we al­ Federal civil service during Woli'ld War una)]limous consent to address the House ternate each year. II. The :prese.nt national emergency for 1 minute and to revise and extend Mr. RANKIN. He ought to be blind­ must not be used as an excuse to build my remarks. folded or have his eyes shaded so that he up a gigantic permanent Federal pay­ The SPEAKER. Is. their objection to cannot see these communistic carica­ roll. Veterans who return :fi1'om the the request of the gentleman from Illi­ tures on the wans of the House. Armed Forces at the conclusion of the nois? Mr. McCORMACK. All able and national emergency must be gi;ven an There was no objeetion. scholarly men. opportunity to compete for Federal po­ Mr. :BUSBEY. Mr. Speaker, I was in­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to sitions and those veteralllS retull".ning to deed delighted to pick up the Washing­ the request of the gentleman from Federal jobs should be given colllSidera­ ton Post this morning and see on the Michigan? tion for higher positi0ns~ Unwananted front page a headline to the effect, "Rea­ There was no objection. upgrading of positions and exeessive somable doubt (l)f loyalty should brmg ENLISTMENT OF FOREIGN NATIONALS IN pyramiding of Jobs at the higher levels dismissal of United States worker, Re· must be prevented. view Board says." THE ARMED FORCES OF THE UNITED I do not helieve anyone in the Govern­ Mr. Speaker, on Monday of this week. STATES ment disputes the fact that most new day before yesterday, February 12, in a Mr. POAGE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ appointments in the Federal service dur­ speech before this body I pointed out mous consent t© address the House for ing the presen t emergency should be the weakness. in President Truman's loy­ 1 minute aind to revise and extend my made on a temporary or indefinite basis. alty program, under which the Loyalty remarks. 1256 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 14 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tives calling on the President to consult Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I yield to the request of the gentleman from the Congress before sending additional the distinguished gentleman from Iili­ .Texas? United States troops overseas. Certainly nois. There was no objection. the American people are entitled to have Mr. MASON. I, too, am a signatory Mr. POAGE. Mr. Speaker, on yester­ their chosen legislative representatives to this statement which I think covers day, the Department of National Defense consulted before American boys are sent the situation, but the .Point I want to presented a report on the bill which I across the water to fight on foreign soil. make is this: The question in the minds have introduced to authorize the er.t\ist­ A matter of such gravity and importance of the American people today is a ques­ ment of nationals ·of other countries in should not be determined in the Penta­ tion as to how successful our foreign the Army of the United States. The De­ gon nor i~the executive offices alone, but policy has been during the last 5 years. partment said that they preferred to re­ should be decided in the open debate of That question can only be answered by serve final decision on the matter pend­ the Congress by the representatives of a statement of fact. The fact is that ing further investigation and asked that the people of the United States. during these 5 years we have spent $100,- no action on the bill be taken at this Far from being an impediment to any 000,000,000 in this so-called cold war to time; I am glad the Department is ready military effort that is necessary, · such contain communism or fence it in and to make further investigation. I am dis­ consultation will strengthen the hand keep it from spreading. During the appointed that the Department has not of the United States internationally and same 5 years Stalin has reached out his already investigated this matter over domestically as well. If the Congress long arms and claws and taken into his the number of years that have passed decides this matter, or is consulted about orbit, taken into his sphere of influence, and it has not already recognized the it, as provided by my resolution, then we 600,000,000 more people, until today he importance of using German and Japa­ will have closed our ranks and foreclosed has over 900,000,000 people that he is nese nationals to do some of the fighting any division, both for ourselves and be­ dictator over. He has also surrounded t0 protect this world from communism. fore all the world. I:i.1 a representative himself during those 5 years with sat­ I hope that when they have completed government such as ours, it is the legis­ ellite nations all around, and today he their investigation that they may come lators chosen by the electorate who are sits in Moscow just like a big fat spider in with a recommendation that will en­ directly answerable to the American in the middle of his web, and he pulls. a courage some of the other people of the people. string in Korea and the flames of war world to do some of the fighting along The debate that is now going on in the break out. We have to send our fire with the American boys. Congress concerning this and related brigade there to put out the flames. matters is not a new subject in American When and if we get them out, he can PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE political history. It represents the latest and he will pull a string in Indochina or Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask of a long series of struggles between the in Siam or in Turkey or Greece or in Ber­ unanimous consent to address the House executive and legislative branches of the lin or Yugoslavia, and after 3 or 4 years for 1 minute and to revise and extend Government. Perhaps such a conflict of that where will we be? We will be my remarks and include extraneous mat­ is implicit in our Constitution which bled white; and, without losing a man of ter, especially a resolution I am intro­ makes the President the Commander in his own, he will then be ready to take ducing today. Chief of the Armed Forces, but reserves over. I ask you, has our foreign policy The SPEAKER. Is there objection to to the Congress the power to declare during the past 5 years been successful the request of the gentleman from Mis­ war. in view of that, and if it has not been si3sippi? Never before, however, so far as I successful, is it not time we changed the There was no objection. know, has an administration undertaken men who have been drawing up this [Mr. RANKIN addressed the House. His to ignore the Congress and commit the blueprint of our foreign policy? remarks appear in the Appendix.] manpower and vast resources of the ·Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Does the The SPEAKER. Under previous order country to foreign fields without the gentleman want me to answer that? of the House, the gentleman from Wis­ consent of or consultation with the leg­ Mr. MASON. I would like to have that consin [Mr. SMITH] is recognized for 90 islative body. Indeed, few Presidents answered. minutes. would wish to assume such an enormous Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Well, it is responsibility, in view of the possible a big order, of course, but it seems to me DECLARATION OF FOREIGN POLICY consequences of such an act. that we have always considered that our Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. If this is a government of checks and diplomacy has failed when we have to Speaker, I have asked for this time in balances as most of us believe it to be, rely upon the military. That is exactly order to submit for the RECORD a state-. here is one of the places where the check the position we are in today, ment on foreign policy signed at this should be placed upon the improvident Now I would like to proceed for a few moment by 118 Republican Members exercise of power by the Executive. minutes, and then I will be glad to yield of this body. It should be clear that we I also was a signatory to the declara­ to anybody who wants to ask me ques­ do not speak for the Republican leader­ tion of policy signed by well over 100 tions. ship.. Nor has the statement been sub­ Members of the House of Representa­ Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Will the gen­ mitted to the Republican policy commit­ tives. That declaration of policy is · di­ tleman yield for a brief question at this tee although some members of the com­ rectly in line with the resolution which time? mittee have signed it. This matter, I introduced. It suggests that the fu­ Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I yield to therefore, should not be considered as ture military and political policy of this the gentleman from Illinois. being sponsored by the Republican lead­ country must be determined with the Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. I am not un­ ership. We fully realize that a division full participation and approval of the mindful, and I do not believe the rest of exists in our party on this issue. It is Congress. the membership of this House is unmind­ entirely possible that those who have In this critical hour in American his­ ful of the fact that the gentleman from signed are not in complete agreement. tory, with the menace of communism Wisconsin [Mr. SMITH] is, by far, the Some wanted to make it stronger; some threatening western civilization, the re­ greatest authority on the real American thought that it should contain a definite sponsibility for safeguarding America approach to our foreign policy. I know reference to the war in Korea; some are rests, not only upon the Executive but all will agree when I say that his reason­ opposed to sending large contingents of on the elected representatives of the ing is always sound and logical and that troops to Western Europe; others agree people, and ultimately, upon all Ameri­ he always bears in mind at all times what that this is necessary. Those who have can citizens. Only by free and full dis­ is best for America. signed it are at liberty to elaborate on cussion and debate, can a righteous and The question I wish .to ask the gentle­ the particular point that interests them workable conclusion be reached which man is this: Many say that the slaughter­ most. will enlist support and unflinching de­ ing of tens of thousands of our boys in Mr. DOLLIVER. Mr. Speaker, will the fense for the survival of American con­ Korea is stopping the spread of com­ gentleman yield? stitutional government. · munism; how is this slaughtering of our . Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I yield. Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin, I thank American boys 7,000 miles away stopping Mr. DOLLIVER. Mr. Speaker, on the gentleman for his observations, the spread of communism? Monday of this week I introduced a res­ Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker. will the Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I do not olution into the House of Representa- gentleman yield? think it is, if the gentleman please. 1951 CONGRESSiONAL R.ECORO-HOUSE . . . Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. As a good Is there any doubt about the concern socialism all over Europe, Whoever American I thought the gentleman would of the people. dreamed we would think of sending answer that way. · Let me give you one illustration and American boys to die in Korea or to sup­ Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I thank the I am sure it could be duplicated many port French colonial rule in Indochina. gentleman for his observation. times over. In the city of Aberdeen, Whoever thought we would make a Mr. Speaker, perilous days are ahead Wash., two newspapers were so con­ complete surrender to communism at for the people of this country. Govern­ cerned about our foreign policy that Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam. ment propaganda is beating the war they took a people's poll on questions re­ I am wondering, Mr. Speaker, if it is drums again as it did in 1917 and in Hr39. lating to foreign policy. The Aberdeen disunity to resist warmongers who would People are alarmed and confused. They Daily World and the Grays Harbor send our troops to defend Western Eu­ have lost confidence in the President and, Washingtonian submitted seven ques­ rope against communism when the na­ yes, in Congress, too, and they are de­ tions to the people. You will be sur­ tions directly threatened, so we are told, manding that something be done to save prised at the results and I give them to are apparently unwilling to do little to them from total disaster. This is so be­ you at this time. The result is based on protect their owri homes. The State De­ cause our foreign policy has been a com.­ a total of 2,345 ballots and the news­ partment would start us on a march to plete failure, notwithstanding great ·vic­ papers report they are still coming ih. Moscow. They would continue to send tories on the battlefield. It has been Yes No replacements to Korea with full knowl­ well said that the fist of military mobili­ 1. Do you favor the adminis- edge that eventually we must leave that zation is pounding hard at the door of tration's foreign policy?__ 157 2, 073 graveyard which contains the bodies of millions of homes today. By and large 2. Do you favor Hoover's West- many fine young Americans. the civilians have surrendered almost ern Hemisphere Gibraltar Mrs.· ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, will entirely to the demands of the military. proposals?______776 539 the gentleman yield? Hence the worried parent and the per­ 3. Should this country or- der all-out mobilization Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I yield to plexed youth feel that they are just being (Dewey's plan)?------654 445 the gentlewoman from New York. herded along without much planning or 4. Do you think our foreign Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I, d.i.rection. . They know that an emer­ policy should be restudied too, am one of the signatories to· this gency has been declared, but many doubt and revised?------1, 803 167 declaration, and I want at this time par­ it..:; necessity. 5. Do you favor holding For- ticularly to commend the gentleman The three or four million manpower mosa and aiding Kai- from Wisconsin for what he has said and is to be added to our Military Establish­ shek? ------754 385 for his masterful approach to this prob­ ment, yet reports reach their ears which 6. Do you favor rearming lem. Japan?------696 319 cause disturbing questions. Millions of 7. Do you favor rearming Ger- It seems to me that what we are really youths are having their lives, their ca­ many?______620 484 up against in this country is the fact that reers, and their homes disrupted and we are all disturbed because we do not shattered. Oh, yes, it will be said that A prominent citizen from my own dis­ know what the foreign policy of the our country is in danger and they can­ trict writes me as follows and I consider United States is. I suspect that there is .not expect to enjoy living an ordinary him a great American. I quote him in no well-defined foreign policy. This was life as usual. This in spite of the fact part: forcibly brought out when President that military training camps already The Truman administration is a serious Roosevelt some years ago made the state­ have more men now than they can han­ menace to the American way of life. They ment, in a spirit of jocularity, that peo­ dle. They are usually overcrowded with have plunged us into the crisis and con­ ple were running up and down the United shortages of facilities an~ equipment fusion of infiation. They have enslaved and States asking bellhops what the foreign burdened us with taxation. They have low­ which makes adequate training almost ered the standard of living. In a few more policy of the United States was. This impossible. It is a known fact that- the years our bonds and savings will be worth­ was supposed to be very funny. But, as Navy, Marine, and Air Corps has had, less and we will be living in a state of one who has lived a great deal in Europe and still have, more men than they can peonage. it did not strike me as being funny ~ t use. It is true that enlistments are up, It is vain and futile for our children to all, because if you were to ask a bellhop but that is so because the boys have a consider the future for their careers have in England or in France or in Germany certain pride and want to choose their already been planned for them. They will what the foreign policy of that nation branch of service rather than submit .to police the world and fight wars wherever was, I can assure you that he could give the draft. What excuse, then,. is there and whenever Stalin and Truman push a you a very intelligent answer. In those button. for now insisting upon the drafting of Truman talks about freedom but we have countries the people know what the for­ 18-year-old boys? The American people no freedom. The Democrats yowl about the eign policy is. The great trouble, the are waiting for an answer to that ques­ American way of life but it too has changed. great danger in the United States today tion. Fourth of July orators speak about the Amer­ is that our people do not know; that they Mr. Speaker, every Member of this ican heritage for which our ancestors fought are confused; that they are worried; body knows that the public is demand­ and bled but that priceless heritage today is that they do not know what their boys ing action on our foreign policy. Mail merely a memory. Check through the stat­ are fighting for; that· they are told one ute books for abundant proof if you doubt is heavy with demands for removal and me. The Fair Dealers have the gall and the minute by the Secretary of State'that we impeachment of Secretary of State guts to raise their voices in hypocritical pro­ are going into a great era of peace and Acheson. Since 1945 this Nation has test against foreignisms, tyranny, and dic­ 5 days later their sons are called to been in the hands of Truman, Acheson, tatorship in this so-called land of the free fight in Korea. They are told that this is and Marshall, and now they are con­ and the home of the brave. I say so-called not a war; that it is a police action, and juring up another war. land of the free and the home of the brave yet replacements are being sent out there One writer has said that these three because it obviously no longer is free and at the rate of 15,000 a month and the brave. I don't think that our ancestors casualties now are 50,000 and maybe form a triumvirate of mutual admira­ would have accepted the yoke so apatheti- tion. Truman calls Marshall the great­ cally. · more. est living American. Marshall says that Our domestic policies rob, plunder, dispoil, So, it seems that this may be a war. Truman is, and they both agree that and eventually enslave Americans. Our for­ Then again, what of Europe? There Acheson is the third greatest living eign policies are a dupe and a stooge for again we do not know. We heard Gen­ . American. This writer goes on to say Stalin to pour American dollars down a rat eral Eisenhower the other day, and at that- hole in Europe and Asia which is senseless, the end of his report I think very few General Marshall is a good man and a 1llogical, and inane. Members of Congress and very few Amer­ patriot, but he is usually wrong. He can't Poor old Al Capone. My heart bleeds for icans knew much more than they did remember where he was the- night before him. What a saint he was when compared before. They heard a fine speech, well Pearl Harbor. He sat at Roosevelt's side 'at to those who direct our foreign affairs. · delivered by a charming personality, by Tehran when Stalin swiped half of Europe. Mr. Speaker, our foreign policies have a great patriot, if you will. But, he was He insisted· upon· giving Russia control of failed. Who, in 1943, ever thought that in a position where probably he could tell MP.nchuria in order to induce Russia to fight Japan. · He wanted Chiang Kai-shek to coa­ . we would send many billions. to support us nothing. He was in uniform and he lesce with the Chinese Communists. He ad• the British Empire and its socialistic was taking orders. So we heard what he vised Truman to send troops to Europe. government. In fact we are supporting believed to be the case, but we had no 1258 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 14 positive facts. Within 2 days of that those boys will be liquidated and in a imposition of militarism, if you please, speech he heard from our distinguished most horrible fashion, because we know on this country, from which there will colleague the gentleman from Massa­ that those that survive will be taken into be no permanent escape. chusetts [Mr. KENNEDY]. His report was Russia as hostages. All of you have read The die has been cast. It is important entirely different from the report given what happens in Russian prison camps. that this Congress rise up and fight every by General Eisenhower. The gentleman No, that language is not too strong. measure which continues the present for­ from Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY] had Then again the important part in that eign policy of this country which is lead- just returned from Europe·. He was not fifth clause is that we invite Britain and ing us to total destruction. · sanguine as to the will to fight or the the Commonwealth of Nations to partici­ Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent possibilities of the Western Europeans' pate fully. · We cannot def end the world to insert at the end of my remarks a putting men into the front-line trenches. without friends. We need the British copy of the declaration of policy which It seems to me that this declaratio'n Commonwealth of Nations. We need has been signed by 118 Members of the is most important in its first sentence, Canada to the north of us. We need House, together with a list by States of and that is where we say that whatever Australia, New Zealand, and the other those Members who are signatories to our future military or political policy is bases which Great Britain has all over the declaration, and a portion of a short to be, it must be determined with full the world. We must count on Britain ad, entitled "Stop, Look, and Listen," by participation and approval of the Con­ and the Commonwealth as our friends. Mr. Frank H. Lamb, of Hoquiam, Wash., gress. If we are not to go back to th~t If they are not our friends we had better a great patriot. form of government, this Congress had retire to this hemisphere and give up the The SPEAKER pro tempore Kansas: ALBERT M. COLE, ERRETT P. SCRIV­ If we send those boys over there and our resources. And what have we gaine.d? · NER, l\4YRON GEORGE, EDWARD H, REES, WINT allies are not willing at the last minute Nothing. Only more war and more war, SMITH. to shoulder their share of the burden, more taxes, more regimentation, and the Kentucky: JAMES S. GOLDEN; 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1259 Maryland: EDWARD T. MILLER, J. GLENN Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, will Mr. McCORMACK. Your answer was BEALL. the gentleman yield? that you were thinking of the next elec­ Maine: FRANK FELLOWS, CHARLES P. NEL­ Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I yield~ SON. tion. Massachusetts: EDITH NOURSE ROGERS, Mr. McDONOUGH. In the statement Mr. TOWE. I said nothing of the DONALD W. NICHOLSON. you referred to the fact that Congress­ sort. The RECORD will not show th~. t I Michigan: PAUL w. SHAF- :, CLARE E. men must be persuaded that tnere is aid said that. HOFFMAN, WILLIAM W. BLACKNEY, JESSE P. coming from Europe. I think you Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, will the WOLCOTT, FRED L. CRAWFORD, RUTH THOMP• should change that to "convince." That gentleman yield? SON, CHARLES E. POTTER, JOHN B. BENNETT, will be ~ore effective. If you will agree GEORGE A. DONDERO. Mr. TOWE. I yield. to the suggestion, I think it would be in Mr. DORN. I would like to say to the Minnesota: AUGUST H. ANDRESEN, 1JOSEPH order. P. O'HARA, H. CARL ANDERSEN. distinguished gentleman that this coun­ Missouri: DEWEY SHORT, 0. K. ARMSTRONG. Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. We are try is alarmed today as never before in Montana: WESLEY A. D'EWART. . happy to have the gentleman's sugges­ the history of the United States, and the Nebraska: HOWARD H • . l."uFFETr, KARL tion. I do not want to take the respon­ people are alarmed because in this gen­ STEFAN, A. L. MILLER. sibility for making such a change, how­ eration we have seen two world wars New Hampshire: NORRIS COTTON. ever. New Jersey: T. MILLET HAND, JAMES C. and some of this antique leadership i~ I now yield to the gentleman from leading us into a third world war. We AUCHINCLOSS, HARRY L. TOWE. New Jersey [Mr. TowEJ. New York: HENRY J. LATHAM, RALPH w. have listened to the experts now for 30 GWINN, KATHARINE ST. GEORGE, J. ERNEST Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Will or 40 years, and now we are willing, and WHARTON, BERNARD W. KEARNEY, WILLIAM the gentleman yield to me for an obser­ we hope that the voice of the American R. WILLIAMS, EDWIN ARTHUR HALL, JOHN vation? people will be heard once on interna­ TABER, HAROLD C. OSTERTAG, WILLIAM E. Mr. TOWE. I yield. tional policy. MILLER, DANIEL REED. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I am North Dakota: USHER L. BURDICK. not one of the signers of the instrument I want to say this, that I have 30 min­ Ohio: WILLIAM M. MCCULLOCH, CLIFF to which the gentleman refers. However, utes tomorrow, and I am not to speak CLEVENGER, CLARENCE J. BROWN, FRANK T. I would like him to know that that docu­ from any notes, and I will welcome the Bow, J. HARRY McGREGOR, GEORGE H. BENDER, ment is not without sympathy or support gentlemen from that side of the aisle to JACKSON E. BETTS, THOMAS JENKINS. on this side of the aisle. I agree thor­ hear what I have to say tomorrow. I Oklahoma: PAGE BELCHER. was in Europe as an enlisted man. r did Oregon: HARRIS ELLSWORTH, BOMER AN­ oughly with the contents of that instru­ not go to the cocktail parties in London GELL. ment. I would like to say, Mr. Speaker, and Paris. I saw Europe from Norman­ Pennsylvania: BENJAMIN F. JAMES, ALBERT that if the mail that I receive in my office dy all the way to Stassfurt, Germany, C. VAUGHN, PAUL B. DAGUE, IVOR D. FENTON, is an aceurate barometer of public ALVIN R. Bus:a:, WALTER M. MUMMA, LEON H. on the under side, an(l I hope you gen­ opinion, the American public has lost tlemen will come out tomorrow and hear GAVIN, LOUISE. GRAHAM, CARROLL D. KEARNS, confidence in its top executive leader­ BARMf..R D. DENNY, JR. ship, and is now looking to the Congress my report to this august body and to the South Dakota: HAROLD 0. LovRE, E. Y. of the United States to bring it out of people of the United States of America. BERRY. Mr. TOWE. Mr. Speaker, I am one Tennessee: B. CARROLL REECE, HOWA!i.D H. this haze of international confusion in which it has been groping for the last 5 of those who signed this document and BAKER. of course, I speak only for myself a~ Washington: RUSSELL v. MACK, WALT or 6 years. I think the Congress has no honorable alternative but to accept that each will when he has the opportunity. HORAN, THOR TOLLEFSON. Those of us who are interested in mak­ V.' isconsin: LAWRENCE H. SMITH, GLENN R. responsibility. ing the declaration do so out of an in­ DAVIS, GARDNER WITHROW, WILLIAM K. VAN Mr. SMITH of ':Visconsin. I ~hank the PELT, MERLIN HULL, ALVIN O'KONSKI, REID gentleman for his observation. tense desire to be of some help to the MURRAY. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. l~adership of this country and, if pos­ Wyoming: WILLIAM H. HARRISON. sible, to reflect as accurately as we can Speaker, will the gent~eman yield? Mr. TOWE. I yield to the gentleman the feeling that we believe is in the minds STOP, LOOK, LISTEN and hearts of a great majority of the from Michigan. American people today. (A New Year's contribution and appeal from Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. In Frank H. Lamb, Hoquiam, Wash.) Michigan we have a State-wide election As far as I am concerned, the declara­ Parents of today and of generations yet on April 1. Will the gentle1.aan express tion was not conceived or signed for unborn, are you raising your children for a an opinion, as to how many of the Mem­ the purpose of being d:structively criti­ normal life of work and service ·or to perish bers of this House, and perhaps the cal; my purpose was to do what little on some foreign battlefield? President himself, would advocate a war I could, as I know every other Member Workers in field, factory, or office, are you either in Korea, Asia, or in Europe if he wants to do, to help his country, the laboring for a higher standard of living, the country that we all love and the country necessities of family and old age, or produc­ had to stand for reelection on April 1 next? that we want to preserve if possible. We . ing battle spoil to be spread around the are disturbed, as the American people world? Mr. TOWE. I do not believe any of Businessmen, would you rather trade in or them would, except tho3e who come from are, at the course and trend of events make articles for more human comfort and States where you can get both nomina­ today. We find that we are about if the enjoyment for education, culture, and recrea­ tions. They might, if you could find executive branch of the Governm~nt re­ tion or machinery, guns, bombs, poisons for anybody in those States of that per­ mains in absolute control of the situa­ the wholesale destruction of life? suasion. tion, we are about to send huge num­ Widows, orphans, aged, heads of endowed Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. If the bers of men, ground troops especially, schools and foundations, all those depend­ gentleman will pardon me, I do not be­ to Europe. That obviously is the plan ing on savings, annuities, bonds, fixed in­ and that statement comes as a result come, or insurance, will ·you be able to live lieve they would even in those States. on the provisions you or others have made Our 'people do not want war. They do of my conclusion after listening to testi­ for your future, or will all your bonds, en­ not have confidence in Acheson or the mony for about 1 month on the pro­ dowments, reserves, and assets be wiped out State Department. posed draft law, if we are going to in­ by an inflation that has already reduced the Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will crease the size of our services to the ex­ value of the dollar to half what it was a the gentleman yield? te:it desired or requested. They cer­ decade ago? tamly are not being called into service These questions and others equally as Mr. TOWE. I yield. Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman for the purpose of maintaining strength critical are being decided today with little in this country. I believe, Mr. Speaker, reference to you and on superficial congres­ does not mean to have the RECORD show sional consideration by an administration that he would vote only for his next that the American people, acting through dominated by military men (Generals Mar­ election rather than for the interest of their Representatives in Congress, at shall, Eisenhower, and MacArthur, for exam­ the country. least have some responsibility to make ple) headed by a President prone to bombast their own decision rather than to be led and snap judgments ("We can lick old Joe," Mr. TOWE. The gentleman was not and some recent letters) and supported by expressing his own opinion. He was an­ into a situation from which it may be a flock of columnists to whom war will oiler swering the question which the gentle­ impossible to turn back when it is too opportunities for advancement. man from Michigan asked. late. 1260 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 14 It is interesting to note, I think, that as long as he can, how in the face of is available so that they may know what those who now advocate the policy un­ that difficulty which they have on their they are getting into, and I hope also der which we are operating are the same hands they are going to supply great that we can arrive at a conclusion not · ones-most, if not all-who precipitat.ed, numbers of troops for the army of only in the interest of our country-of or at least their philosophy directed, Europe? course it should be that, but it should this country into going into the war We are told by General Eisenhower, be largely, as far as possible, in the in­ back in 1941 on the side of Russia. It and I have great respect for him as a terest of those other countries of the was predicted then by a gentleman who military man, that we are going to pro­ world who want to remain free and are is now making known his position on vide a minimum of men, but our effort, willing to do something about it. the present situation that if we did that, and I am sure this is a fair deduction Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, I was very we would not only make it possible for from what he said, will largely be in ma­ much interested in listening to the en­ Russia to def eat Germany but we would teriel. I would like to repeat the ques­ lightened remarks of the distinguished also build up the.strength of that coun­ tion, and I want someone to answer it, gentleman from New Jersey, particularly tr:: so that she would be able to impose How is Britain, how is France, going to with respect to his reference to the posi­ her will on many other nations through­ supply a great army of men to partici­ tion of Spain. As the gentleman may out the world; and, of course, that has pate with us in the event that we send know, I have· for some time sought to come to pass. I speak, of course, of our men over there? Everyone knows exert what efforts I could in normaliz­ former President Hoover, who is now that they are the two large manpower ing the diplomatic and commercial rela­ rendering, in my opinion, a great service pools in Europe. If they cannot do the tions between Spain and the United to the American people by provoking job, then we are going to be standing States. What the gentleman says with discussion and debate. It is possible alone, I fear, if we become involved. respect to the militaty position of Spain that his viewpoint will not be agreed It is significant to me, at least, from cannot, in my opinion, be gainsaid. In upon by all; and I know very well as I some of the discussions which have been fact the advantage to our ultimate se­ stand here that I may be wrong about had lately that General Eisenhower com­ curity to be derived from the inclusion what I am advocating, but I have the pletely omitted any discussions with of Spain is generally conceded by all intense desire to do what I can. As I Spain. We are told by military leaders experts. We have for a number of years, said a few moments ago, I think we and by others that they have perhaps however, adopted what, in my opinion, is ought to review the record as we have the finest army in Europe, 500,000 to a singular attitude toward this country. seen it in the past. 600 ,000 well-trained troops. It may be We have applied against it in determin­ The people of this country were told­ ·appropriate to comment at this time that ing our diplomatic and commercial re­ and I was convinced somewhat by it, I that is one country in Europe that is lations standards different from those must admit-that if we would establish anxious to fight against the Communists. which we have applied against other the Marshall plan program, we would That country is anxious to do that. We countries all of which is not in the best be able to get the economies of Europe need not spend a lot of time and effort interests of the United States. The back to normal. We were told further prodding them should the occasion Spanish people are historically connect­ that if we did that, we would make them arrive. ed with us by ties of friendship and blood. strong enough so that they could resist When General Eisenhower went to Eu­ Their views are, generally, the views of Communist aggression. We were also rope, he did not go to Madrid. He went the average American and to them as to told that it would obviate the necessity to Portugal. They said to him, "Well, the people of this country and even of of maintaining a huge military estab­ you cannot talk to us unless Spain is in the people of India, hardships that flow lishment in this country or sending one on this arrangement because our econ­ from undernourishment knows no abroad. We adopted the Marshall plan. . omy and all of our interests are so tight­ boundaries. How many billions of dollars we have ly interwoven with theirs that unless The current wheat position in Spain spent, I do not know . . Then we went they are involved we cannot be." is most critical. The seriousness of the further and joined the United Nations It is difficult for me to understand how problem for the next 5 months cannot and participated in its deliberations. I when a serious situation confronts us be overemphasized. The Spanish Gov­ think that was a laudable effort on our such as we are told is before us at this ernment's efforts to bring more wheat part, because I thought at that time it time we rush in pell-mell taking in 18- into the free market has successfully might possibly produce an organization year-olds and everybody else who can reduced black-market transactions, and which would result in the countries of render any kind of military service. We has established a fuller and more effec­ the world airing their differences and are putting our country under complete tive distribution to urban industrial . then coming to some agreement and economic controls-we will shortly if not workers at a satisfactory price. This is preventing war; I thought it would fur­ immediately. Here is a great country all to the good-but it has reduced the ther peace. We find that in the very that is willing to fight. The general's amount of wheat now available to meet first serious test of the strength of that answer was that that country was not the essential demands for the next 5- to Organization we are standing practically on his itinerary. In other words, there 6-month period. This is so because by alone in Korea, and we are suffering are those in Europe, and I suspect some successfully inducing the wheat flow to great losses. people in this country, who are in posi­ the market for consumption during the While I am on that point I would like tion of importance and power, who are past months, less wheat remains over to refer back for a moment to the ob :: not willing yet, for some reason or other which the Government has the powers servation which the gentlewoman from to take that nation into the arrangement of control which might be exercised. New York made about the price of being in order to prevent the spread of Com­ It is essential, therefore, that Spain liberated. I read the other day in the munist _aggression in Europe. obtain, not later than the latter half of newspaper about the terrific casualties Mr. Speaker, I believe that the Ameri­ February, 50,000 to 70,000 metric tons of to the Korean people, largely the South can people are entitled to have some voice wheat for delivery in early March. It is Koreans, those we went in there to help in the manner in which they are gov­ essential that Spain obtain approxi­ out of their difficulties. The casualties erned, of course, and in the manner in mately 300,000 metric tons of wheat, in­ run into the hundreds of thousands. I which the executive branch of our Gov­ cluding the 50,000 referred to above, for agree completely with the statement ernment may use our Army and our Navy delivery during the months of March to which the gentlewoman from New York and our Air Force. I do not think it was May. made that the price of being liberated ever intended that any President of the The Spanish Government is prepared might be worse than the disease which United States should have the power to to arrange for the financing directly of we are trying to free them from. send an army to foreign countries with­ $10,000,000 to $15,000,000 worth of We are told in connection with the out a declaration of war by the Congress wheat; it cannot do more than this. inability of France and England espe­ of the United States. I hope that Yet the critical needs are clear-Spain cially to help us in Korea that those na­ through this discussion and the one requires more wheat than can be ob­ tions are busy, one in India and one in which is taking place in the other body tained with that sum of money. Indochina. I do not contest that state­ that we can arrive at some solution which This brings out clearly why Dr. Sunez, ment but I would like to know, if they will be understood l:y the people. I Spanish Under Secretary of Industry are busy there, and it is a safe bet that think, in the first place, the people are and Commerce, requested initially that Mr. Stalin will keep th~m occupied there entitled to have all the information that $8,000,000 of the authorized $62,500,00.0 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1261

be utilized for wheat purchases in the that we are today being gov~rned by Mr. HOFF.MAN of Michigan. Sure; United States markets of approximately the UN Charter which was adopted by and we do not have the courage to do 100,000 metric tons. Taking into con­ the other body on July 28, 1945, by a anything about it. _ sideration the position of the United vote of 89 to 2, which confirmed and ap­ Mr. JONAS. That is exactly the point States Government, as explained by of­ proved everything that was in the Char­ I am making. ficials of the Export-Import Bank, the ter of the United Nations? That is No. 1. Mr. McKINNON. If the gentleman request has now been reduced to $5,000,- No. 2: What relief presently can we will yield, does the gentleman from Illi­ 000 to be made available now. This is hope to get or seek, and what deterrent nois advocate that we withdraw .our the very basic minimum of assistance can be put in the way of this present pro­ troops from Germany? required for wheat purchases. gram that is being promulgated here and Mr. JONAS. I do not advocate any­ The Export-Import Bank has under being put into etfect as long as we have thing that has to do with what we have consideration a request by the Spanish what is known as the Atlantic Peace Pact done. I want at this time to analyze the Government to use $5,000,000 of the Treaty which has been adopted? As­ situation in the light of what we are try­ $62,500,000 for the purchase of wheat. suming all of these suggestions that the ing to do. In one breath we say the Pres­ Difficulties encountered in obtaining this distinguished gentleman from Wisconsin ident does not have the power and in the approval spring from the fact that it is makes, are all very pertinent and very other we say he does. I should like to erroneously contended by the bank that much to the point, but in the light of see some expression in the House that the use of the money for the purchase of these two great legislative barriers, what would immediately and definitely settle wheat would be inconsistent with the ·can we jo to alleviate and give the peo­ the question of whether the President spirit of the loan. That, in my opinion, ple the-help that they are beseeching us has the unlimited and unrestricted pow­ was not the intent of the Congress in for, and what can we hope to accomplish ers that he is and has exercised to date. enacting the loan. Even if Spain, with until someone has the courage-and I Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. May I say the essentially required assistance of the have never yet seen anyone get up in that the 118 people who signed this dec­ the House to do that-to determine or laration are for doing something. We Export-Import Bank, is able to obtain would be pleased to have the gentleman's 300,000 metric tons of wheat imports analyze what in the United Nations Charter confers upon the President of signature on that list. during this period, its total wheat sup­ Mr. JONAS. I do not know about the ply will not be more than 3,331,678 met­ the Unitecl States the power to declare war, and what is there in the Atlantic etfectiveness of signing something, but I ric tons, which at best will be over 100,000 will be glac" to vote for what you are try­ metric tons less than was available for Treaty Pact that permits him to send armies to Europe? It would appear here ing to do if you will do what you are 19~8-49. ·that practically all of us, some by nega­ talking about. It is hoped that when the Congress tion and others by public utterances, are Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak­ considers legislation for relieving fam­ giving countenance to the fact that un­ er, I now yield to the gentleman from ine-stricken people consideration will be der the United Nations he can do just Minnesota [Mr. O'HARA]. given to the 28,286,518 people of Spain 'that-declare secondary war, and not Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, I am who represent a strong bulwark against only that, but send troops to Europe, grateful to my colleague from Wiscon­ .any ideology foreign to our democratic because we have entered into a combi­ s~n for yielct_ing me a few minutes to ex­ institutions. nation, a confederation, under which the press my views in connection with the Mr. JONAS. Mr. Speaker, will the people of the United States are obligated, statement of principle to which I have gentleman yield? in writing, to send troops to Europe, and subscribed. The statement, of course, is Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I yield to to other continents as well. one which had to be in broad, general the eentleman from Illinois. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. language. As the gentleman from Wis­ Mr. JONAS. I would like to ask this Speaker, will the gentleman yield? consin has stated, many of us have dis­ question of the gentleman from Wis­ Mr. JONAS. I yield. agreed, perhaps, on votes on previous is­ consin, and I preface it with a short Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The sues atfecting foreign policy. However, I statement. There is no doubt but what ·gentleman will get the answers if he will think it is a great expression of the soul­ the treatise of the gentleman presented look at the debate on both those things searching desire of the Members of Con­ to the floor today is one that probably over in the other body. We are not ob­ gress in connection with this tremen­ will be long remembered, and he is to be ligated by the Atlantic ·Pact to send dously important problem to agree upon commended for the splendid way in troops anywhere. a statement of principles, principles to which he has analyzed that very im­ Mr. JONAS. That is just debate. We which I, at least, subscribe. The princi­ portant subject, which is also very close are not getting anywhere debating. . We pal purpose is the welfare not only of to the hearts of the American· people and have been debating this question for the United States of America but of the which is invoking this great widespread weeks and months not only in this ses­ civilized world. interest throughout the whole country. sion but in the prior sessions, and we are Mr. Speaker, my mail of the last 2 What he said is exactly what the people not giving the people any relief. We are months has been the heaviest and the in my district and my constituents are just talking and talking and talking. But most disturbing in my almost 11 years of pleading for in the line of relief; there what is there that relieves these people continuous ·service in Congress. The is no question about it. I think it is a 01 the responsibility of sending 18-year­ people ask, "Where are we going? What very fine gesture for the gentleman from old boys to war and of ha. ving their taxes are you doing to direct our destinies that Wisconsin to appear here and take this ·jacked up in the light of these war meas­ involve the lives of our sons, or our time and make such a keen analysis of ures, and what is it we are doing from a brothers, or our husbands? What are this very interesting and very, very press­ concrete standpoint that will give the you doing to get us out of the mess we are ing subject before us. people relief? in?" Now here is my question: Assuming Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Neither What have we had? Why, going back that the problems that the distinguished of the documents to which the gentleman to lend-lease when I first came to the gentleman from Wisconsin has presented referred gives the authority to the Presi­ Congress, I remember how all of the here so ably today all have merit-and dent to send a single soldier across the arguments of propaganda were turned I am sure they have merit, and I think seas. If the people back home will put loose: That first we were to furnish the even our adversaries will agree that they the heat on the Congressmen and the money; then the tools; then they said, have a great deal of merit-from a stand­ -Senators who advocate this policy of car­ "We have to have your youth and your point of relief what can we do in Con­ rying on these two wars, you will see a men." I think it would have been far gress, or what can we do in the House, change right on the floor of this and the more honest had we gone into it openly or what can any public official do, clothed other body. and said to the people of this country, with the authority that we are clothed Mr. JONAS. Let me ask the gentle­ "This means a declaration of war." with as Representatives here, to give the man from Michigan a question relative Tragically, the various programs we have people the relief they are seeking at the to the statement he is making. Is it not had under the guise of this or that ap­ present time. How C9,:1 we do away with true that the President of the United pealing program, such as the Marshall . some of the conditions that prompt the States is declaring secondary war, and plan, the Atlantic Pact, the United Na­ heart-rending appeals that we receive that he is sending troops over to the tions, and so forth, added to Yalta and from ~ur constituents, in light of the fact European shores? Tehran and Potsdam, is why, ladies' and · 1262 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE FEBRUARY 14 gentlemen of the House, we are in the · Mr. O'HARA. I am familiar with it. ,partment making some of these deci­ condition which confronts us today. But permit me to say I would prefer sions as they have time and again before IJ> what we do next a subterfuge for a that the gentleman permit me to answer .they have advised with either the mili­ declaration or a commitment which will at some other time. There are others tary or Foreign Affairs Committee or the lead us directly into world war III? How to whom time has been promised. I Congress. many more thousands are going to die in say it is obvious that the United Nations Mr. McCORMACK. That is being Korea? To what extent can we expend claims to have something to do with done all the time. our blood and our resources, not only in the control · of military operations in Mr. O'HARA. Oh, no. arming ourselves, but those whom we Korea and in the determination of Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman choose to call our allies today? whether they shall go beyond or not go does not feel, then, that we should with­ Mr. Speaker, I think the hour is the beyond the thirty-eighth parallel. With draw completely from Europe? most critical one in the entire history of us fighting 98 percent of the war over Mr. O'HARA. I answered that. America. The American people are so there and doing the principal part of the Mr. McCORMACK. Yes; there is at disturbed that when they have an op­ fighting and dying and paying, it is a least one area of agreement. Does the portunity to express their opinions, both little ridiculous to me, but apparently gentleman believe that we should with­ in letters to their Congressmen, or when the power is there for them to deter­ draw from Asia, from Korea? they have an opportunity to express mine. Mr. O'HAR,A. In the light of the feel­ their opinions through the medium of Mr. JONAS. I agree with the gentle­ ing of the people of my district I would an honestly conducted public opinion man that the way the situation is man­ have to say-- poll, they overwhelmingly, at least· in aged it is very unfortunate. Mr. McCORMACK. No; how does the our part of the country, are in favor of Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will gentleman feel himself? The gentle­ getting out of Korea. In a poll which the gentleman yield? man is presenting this argument. Does was conducted in my district 97 percent • Mr. O'HARA. I must yield to the ma- the gentleman vote on feeling or does he of the people said· that Congress should jority leader. · vote his own conviction and judgment? have the authority to determine whether Mr. McCORMACK. I think a con­ Mr. O'HARA. Will the gentlemen troops are to be sent overseas-and that structive approach would be to see what confine himself to a question and not an does not mean merely the replacement the areas of agreement are rather than a'rgument? I will say, yes; I would with­ of garrison forces in Germany. The Ko­ the areas of disagreement. Does the draw from Korea today. rean situation has left a terrific impres­ gentleman advocate our withdrawing Mr. McCORMACK. Based on your sion upon the people and they see great completely from Europe? own judgment? · danger in that situation to the American Mr. O'HARA. No, I do not necessarily Mr. O'HARA. Based on my own judg­ people. Eighty-nine percent of the poll mean that; but, o.f course, to what ment. favored getting out of Korea. extent? Mr. McCORMACK. I see; that is an Mr. Speaker, it is our responsibility, Mr. McCORMACK. But that is the answer. Based on the gentleman's own as Congress, no matter which side of the question. Who is going to determine judgment would he withdraw f.rom the aisle we sit on, to see that we are not that? rest of the Far East? getting sucked into another maelstrom. Mr. O'HARA. No. I do not say that Mr. O'HARA. I would not go that far; I say to you, with all the power at my we should completely withdraw from I would not go that far. I would like to command and with the deepest convic- Europe. From past experience, the have the opportunity of making the deci­ . tion that if we get into world war III in President will not ·consult. me about it sion as a Member of the House, instead the immediate future it can mean noth­ either. of it being made by some one or some ing but the economic destruction of this Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman's few downtown. That should be the job country which is exactly what Stalin argument would leave that impression. for Congress. and the Politburo want to see happen. Mr. O'HARA. I did not mean to leave Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak­ I think the people of this country are that impression. er, I yield to the gentleman froni Colo­ crying aloud to the Congress to assert Mr. McCORMACK. I am glad to hear ·rado [Mr. HILL]. -itself. If it does not, they have lost that. That is one area of agreement. . To Mr. HILL. Mr. Speaker, I think it ·faith in us, their representatives. Our .what extent should we keep our troops would be in order here to .call this to greatest responsibility is to represent in Germany that are there now? your mind, that by no stretch of any­ · them, not necessarily in a complete Mr. O'HARA. I think that is a ques­ one's imagination :can 'this adminis.tra­ ·agreement, but to represent them in -tion of policy, as to whether it is neces­ .tion be relieved of the responsibility in the expression of the disturbed condi­ sary. I have not passed upon that ques­ regard to the situation we face in Asia, tions of their minds upon this problem. tion as yet. I am not passing on it now. and that is why I wish to direct your I say it is up to us, and we cannot dodge Will I have, in the light of the past, an attention for a few minutes to the rea- it, to assert ourselves, and to insist that opportu.nity? _sons why we are in the situation in which 'in any determination that is to be made Mr. McCORMACK. Who would de­ we find ourselves in the world today. on foreign policy, any determination termine that? Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, will the that involves the sending of American Mr. O'HARA. The Congress should. gentleman yield for an observation? youth from this country, we shall have Mr. McCORMACK. What about the Mr. HILL. I . yield briefly. the last word. Otherwise, what are we Chiefs of Staff? Mr. JENSEN. Is it not a fact that up to become? An idle appropriation com­ Mr. O'HARA. Now, let me say to my to this time, regardless of what we Mem­ mittee that says, "Yes, we will give you friend I am not subscribing to the idea bers of Congress think or have been what you want." I say, Mr. Speaker, in that the military is running this country. thinking, the administration has paid no all the seriousness at my command, the Mr. McCORMACK. Nobody does. attention whatever to us, has paid no at­ time is now for us to act. Mr. O'HARA. And I never shall. I tention to the Congress? And that is Mr. JONAS. Mr. Speaker, will the leave it to the military to make decisions why this group decided they would do . gentleman ·yield? on matters pertaining to the military, something about it by signing this decla- Mr. O'HARA. I yield. . but that, over-all, the Congress makes ration. · Mr. JONAS. I have this question in final decision. Mr. HILL. The gentleman is correct, mind, and I would like to ask the dis­ Mr. McCORMACK. Of course, the but they will probably pay as little at­ : tinguished gentleman from Minnesota . President, under the Constitution, has tention to us in the future as they have . whether it is his contention that the certain prerogatives and duties . . in the past. ·Charter and the powers set forth therein Mr. O'HARA. Oh, I recognize that. Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, is in the United Nations or does not Mr. McCORMACK. In other words, is · will the gentleman yield? confer upon that body the right to de­ it fair to say that the gentleman feels Mr. HILL. I yield. clare a blockade or to call out the Air there should be that cooperation of all~ Mr. CUNNINGHAM. In the last anal­ Force or to declare what is akin to open and understanding of all, and advice ysis, when we evaluate the situation and hostilities anywhere, if they say there is from military sources as to what should find the Congress subservient to the ad­ a viOlation of the aggression rule. I be done? ministrative branch of the Government, presume the gentleman is familiar with Mr. O'HARA. I think that instead of . taking over and exercising powers that that section. the Executive, military, and State De- were allocated to the Congress in the 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1263 Constitution; do we not find that th.at hailed these decisions as the blueprint General Marshall to order a truce and situation came about because of legis­ for peace. to carry out his demand. lation passed by the Congress giving On the morning of February 28, 1945, General Marshall, obeying the orders blanket authority to the President to do President Roosevelt held a press confer­ of his Commander in. Chief, forced a the things that the Congress itself was ence. As reported in the New York.Times truce at a time when Chiang Kai-shek's supposed to- do for the people who rep­ the following day, the headline read, troops were winning. General Marshall resent them? Is not the remedy to this "Roosevelt back; speaks to Congress to­ did this by cutting off United States aid, situation a determination on the part of day." A smaller headline read, "Proph­ placing an embargo on China's military the Congress itself to take back the ecy of peace; President hopeful for fu­ purchases in the United States, scuttling powers reposed in them by the Constitu-_ ture; thinks arms cuts may come later; a 1945 agreement between China and the tion, legislating as we are supposed to hails Yalta plans." Those were the United States whereby the United States legislate, and exercising the powers the headlines. But buried 13 pages away in would supply the Government of China Congress alone is suppored to exercise? the story in the New York Times was with an air force of eight and one-third Is not that the real solution to this this little-noticed paragraph. Here is groups after the war was over, stalling problem? what that paragraph said: discussion on a proposed half billion dol­ As long as we leave it where it is and The President's report to Congress on his lar loan which had been promised the let the administrative branch of the victory and peace mission to the Crimea to­ Chinese, demanding that the Chinese Government override the Congress, let morrow will not tell all. Some understand­ Air Force, the most potent weapon the Congress be subservient to and take ings reached at the Big Three meetings on against the Reds, be grounded. · orders from the administration, there the Black Sea were secret, he said. Whether The history of these disastrous steps these involved political or military arrange­ can be no relief for the American peo­ ments, or both, was part of the secrecy. has been set down in plain language by ple. Is that not correct? one of the great generals of World War Mr. HILL. That is correct. The world was to learn that there were II, General Chennault, who organized Mr. CUNNINGHAM. And is not this secret agreements, and that they were · and commanded the famous Flying statement signed by 118 Members of not military, but political. Tigers, who fought so brilliantly in Congress a very laudable thing? Is that The first glimpse came with the disclo­ China. In his book The Way of a Fight­ not what you are driving at? sure, bit by bit, that at Yalta the fol­ er, General Chennault has written: Mr. HILL. Certainly; . and I would lowing agreements had been entered into Some 50 truce teams each were dispatched like to add this further thought, that but not immediately made public. First, to trouble spots all over China. Each was we cannot as a Congress act intelligently the world learned that the veto power headed by an elderly American colonel spe­ on these measures that are before us had been set up in the United Nations, a cially picked for his white hair to impress unless we know the history behind it. weapon, incidentally, which has been the Chinese. Here are some specific exam­ I want to give you just a little insight used by Russia time and time again to ples of what they accomplished: into what has brought this about, for I block action in that body. Next, it was North of Hankow, some 200,000 govern­ ment troops had surrounded 70,000 Oommu­ feel the lack of that knowledge is one disclosed that under a special arrange­ nist troops and were beginning a methodi­ of our great difficulties. ment, Russia had been granted three cal job of extermination. Arrangements Mr. Speaker, in November 1943, at the votes in the UN, a preferred treatment were made for fighting to cease, while the Cairo Conference we ~aid to Gen. Chiang accorded no other nation. Later, it Communists marched out of the trap and on Kai-shek "that all the territories Japan leaked out that at Yalta, German repara­ to the Shantung Province, where a large has stolen from the Chinese; such as tions had been agreed upon and fixed at Communist offensive began about a year later. On the East River near Canton, some Manchuria, Formosa~ and the Pescadores $20,000,000,000, with the Soviet Union to 100,000 Communist troops were trapped by shall be restored to the Republic of get half, the other Allies being forced government forces. Truce teams allowed China. In due course, Korea shall be- to share what was left. But Yalta's deep­ the Communists to march unmolested to come free and independent." · est secrets were yet to be uncovered. Bias Bay, where they sailed to Shantung. The year 1944 saw the great Allied Under the terms of this secret agree­ The worst fiasco was at Kalgan Pass, a offensive launched in Europe. In the ment, R"..lssia was given control of Outer historic gateway between China and Man­ Pacific, American forces inched toward Mongolia, Port Arthur, Dairen, Man­ churia. At the end of the war there were the Philippines ; while on the mainland, churia, the Sakhalins, and the Kuriles. no organized Communists in Manchuria. Early in 1946, a Government offensive cap­ heroic China held the Jap invaders. At China, which had fought for eight long tured Kalgan and sealed off the pass, trap­ the year's end, British and American years to regain Manchuria, had not even ping nearly a million Chinese Communists forces were at the Rhine, and Russia been consulted or adVised. in northwest China who were moving toward was knocking at Poland's door. To carry out this secret Yalta deal, Manchuria. Marshall- made strenuous ef­ In February 1945, with Germany only President Roosevelt had agreed to force forts to open the Kalgan Pass for these Com­ needing the knockout blow, the Allies China to accept the terms, notwith­ munists. Eventually the Government with­ sat down at a conference table in the standing the solemn Cairo pledge 14 drew, and the Communist horde poured into Crimean city of Yalta, on the Black Sea. Manchuria. The Communists then broke months earlier restoring the boundaries the truce by fortifying Kalgan Pass. It was For Russia there were Premier Stalin, of China and returning Manchuria to these troops who marched under a safe con­ Molotov, Gromyko, Vishinski, and the Chinese people. The exact words of duct of the American-sponsored truce Gusev. For Britain there were Chur­ through Kalgan Pass and returned with chill, Eden, Cadogan, Kerr, and Bridges. this enforcement section of the secret Japanese arms, supplied by Russia, that won For the United States there were Presi­ Yalta agreement are to be found in the the decisive battles in Manchuri.a in 1947. dent Roosevelt, Byrnes, Hopkins, Stet­ text which was finally published by the State Department, March 24, 1947, 2 Those are the words of General tinius, and Alger Hiss. China was left Chennault. at home. years after the deal had been consum­ mated behind locked doors at Yalta: While the United States promoted a On February 11, the Yalta conferees truce, the Russia Red Army was system­ annourAced they had reached an agree­ It is understood that the agreement con­ cerning Outer Mongolia and the ports and atically looting the Jap arsenal in Man­ ment. They revealed to the public that churia. Guns, tanks, and planes were occupation plans for Germany had been railroads referred to above will require con­ currence of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, seized; entire war plants and whole in­ decided upon, that the date for organ­ The President will take measures in order to dustries were stripped and dismantled. izing the United Nations had been set, obtain this concurrence, on advice from The Red Army took 90 percent of the that an agreement had been reached Marshal Stalih. The heads of the three great machinery of the coal industry, 80 per­ calling for free elections for liberated powers have agreed that these claims of the cent of the metal-working industry, 75 . peoples, that in response to Russian de­ Soviet Union shall be unquestionably ful­ percent of the textile industry, and 50 mands, Poland would be partitioned, filled after Japan has been defeated. percent and up of the chemical, cement, with the Russians· gaining a large slice On December 15, 1945, came China's power, railroad, and steel industries. of that beleaguered country, and finally, Edwin W. Pauley, President Truman's that Russia's demands had been met for most crushing blow-President Tru­ reparations expert, put the over-all loot the establishment of a Polish provisional man's announcement cutting off United government "to be organized on a broad­ States aid unless Communists were ad­ at $2,000,000,000. er democratic basis," meaning that Com­ mitted to the Government of China. Si­ For the Chinese R~ds, the American­ m:unists would be admitted. The world multaneously, President Truman sent ordered truce was a godsend, because, 1264 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 14 according .to General Chennault, out of That, may I say to the gentleman from . Further, this .may prove to be the most Russia's Manchurian booty, the Chinese Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK], is one expansive poli.cy in the world, because Communist Army was given sufficient of the grounds for common agreement . the conviction grows that without Amer­ Jap arms to supply a million men for for which he was seeking. We also agree ican strength and American freedom­ 10 years of :fighting. It was these arms · very strongly that we must have a strong, and would it not be terrible if we lost that sealed the fate of China. · economic basis for our prosperity. the habit of freedom-there is no hope Mrs. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker: will the Without an expanding productivity and : for our civilization or for us; and neither, gentleman yield? . a sound fiscal policy no defense in the I am equally convinced, would there be · Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I yield to world could stand. We also agree that any hope for a very weary world . . the gentlewoman from Illinois. .. we must have peace treaties as soon as Mr. FELLOWS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mrs. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, I wel­ · is compatible with the national interest. unanimous consent to extend my re­ come this opportunity to express to the I certainly share the strong feeling that .. marks at this point in the RECORD. Congress of the United States tpe con­ · we must renew our Western Hemisphere The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there cern of the peop~e of this country, the . homogeneity by returning to a gootl­ objection to the request of the gentle­ concern that grips my district, over neighbor policy with South and Central man from Maine? the foreign and war policies of the ad­ America-a policy which we seem to There was no objection. ministration. Every day since January have been neglecting. Mr. · FELLOWS. Mr. Speaker, the 3, for' six lo:Qg weeks, telephone calls, Now, on point 5 I faced a slight ques­ matter before the. House has ' brought letters, and telegrams have come· in a tion: no · question of principle, nor of forth some wholesome discussion. .There deluge, all saying the same thing: "We fundamental policy; a difference of ex­ . is little to be ad'ded. To this extent thjs are worried; we are frightened; we are pression. Accordingly I signed this declaration . of . principles. has accom- angry." And, this: "What are you going statement with two minor deviations. . plished something worth while and jus­ to do about it?" Now, I cannot believe One of t~em was just minor. Instead tifies its presence here. This open de­ that such letters come merely to our side · of saying "prohibit aid" I would like to bate helps at least to define an "area of of the aisle. I cannot believe that any­ say "refuse to otier aid" except to those agreement," to use an expression· of the where in the United States today there countries who show ·the desire to fight · majority floor leader. · is a tli~mghtful person-and people are · for freedom and demonstrate the will The-preamble contains this statement: thihking.....:....who does not recognize with to defend themselves. Secondly, I per­ "We, the undersigned, conceive that the just trepidation the national and the sonally would go beyond the inclusive, present position of the United States is personal crisis that we are facing. So, and, in one sense, exclusive, invitation to ' dangerous and its future tragic," and · when the opportunity came 'for me to Great Britain to participate in the pro­ something must be done about it. · read and sign this statement of policy, I gram; I would urge any country who Few thinking people will disagree with · looked at it very carefully. ·n seemed to shared our belief. and wo.uld implement · this statement. · me that the circulation of this state­ that belief with actual, substantial help We believe our foreign policy should ment constit~ted the first honest, con­ to join in this :fight against Soviet impe- be reexamined and revised. In· view of structive effort that had been made to . rialistic aggression. the sorry fact that nobody knows what : ascertain the feeling of this Congress. That brings me again to the point: ' that policy is now or :Q.as been iri the im­ , I am simple enough to wish very much What can we do? I think first that we mediate past, this statement would seem that we might have a symposium on can play fair with the American people to be reasonable and accurate. · foreign policy in this Congress without and give them as many facts as possible. · Paragraph· 1 asserts that . Congress regard to party lines and in which every They want the truth. should participate in and approve our one of us would stand up and say hon­ We can do one .thing. more. I am a future military , and political policy. estly what our people are thinking and little frightened that every step taken . President Woodrow Wilson authored the , what we are thinking; and perhaps work · since I have been here has dealt with phrase "open covenants openly. arrived out a plan that would be truly American. militaristic policy or fiscal policy pertain- at,'' and by that he meant. that the se­ They tell me that is too utopian a dream . ing thereto, or anyway, with some meas­ cret diplomacy· of the Old World brings · to be accomplished in the United States ure that dealt ·with expanding milita­ war. We have since seen the tragic Congress. rism. I think in our.foreign relations we · results of such 'diplomacy at Yalta, The people are frightened, and I share have made one signal error. We have Tehran, and. Potsdam, and today our their fear. I happen to have lived here been too busy selling standards of living '. country is paying the price. We face in Washington during a · depression; a to the people whom we hope to influence · the prospect of :fighting undeclared wars world war; what we thought was a vic­ and have not sufficiently expressed to · in any place on the globe at the pleasure tory; and this terrible present war. I . them the underlying spirit and sub­ of the Kremlin, for we have forgotten or · can say to you what in my heart I know stance of what you and I would both call failed to heed the words of Abraham to be true. Never, never in any other the American way of life. Lincoln: crisis-and there have been many of I certainly hope that, as we stand, The provisions of the Constitution giving . them-has there been such reason for bound ourselves to def end our freedom the war-making power to Congress was dic­ fear. Even during World War II, bitter and urging others to join us, we will re­ tated, as I understand it, by the following . as those days were, we knew two·things. member to sell to everybody that we can, reasons: Kings have always been involving :. First we knew where we were going. We the' common people of the world and not · and impoverishing their people in wars, pre­ had a definite goal. And, second, it ' the goverriments, the' expanding knowl­ . tending generally, if not always, that the good never occurred to our strong American . edge of what it actually means to Jive in · of the people was the object. This, our con­ hearts that we would not win that goal. full human dignity as free men. That is . vention understood to be the most oppressive of all kingly oppressions, and they resolved · Now, what my constituents and your what I would like to contribute as a last to so frame the Constitution that no one constituents are telling us is this: We point in this statement of policy. This . man should hold the power of bringing this do not know where this country is going. may seem to be dealing with intangibles, oppression upon us. We only know that present leadership · but I would remind you that, after all, . seems to be taking us somewhere, too our happiness, our prosperity, our great­ Lincoln had not heard of "police fas.t, and with a note of panic. Now, ness, and I believe our safety, depend . actions." I very mucn agree with the wise gentle­ upon that great intangible of freedom, We believe this country should be im­ man from Illinois who earlier said, without which we would not want to live. pregnable to attack. Who does not? · "What are you going to do about it?" We must demand and provide moral and We favor economy in Government. · My first step is to sign this statement spiritual, as well as military mobilization. This means reduction in nonessential of policy because it is· concrete and I am happy to support this statement civilian political expendi.tures. Who, definite. I agree wholeheartedly, and I of policy. I urge again that we bring as · save the administration, disagrees with know the people of the Nation agree that many facts as possible to the truth-hun­ that. the foreign policy and the responsibility gry American people. . Let us tell them On this continent was enacted the therefor lies with the Members of this · over and over again that we, the Con­ great drama of all time-man's fight Congress. I concur with point 1 of the gress, whom they send here to represent · to work out his own salvation in free­ declaration. I certainly also agree that them, will not abdicate our responsibil­ - dom. The main difference between our we must have an impregnable defense. ity, . · forefathers and us is that they fooked 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1265. to God for their help, and today the locked up and forgotten until February I agree. I conceive that the present Fair Deal has persuaded so many to look 22, 1952, when it will be consulted again. position of the United States is dan­ to Government. Our forefathers had Without standards of behavior we gerous, and its future tragic unless the faith-faith ·in themselves, faith in have no morality. Without landmarks, Congress immediately undertakes a re­ America, 'faith in God. metes and bounds, courses and dis­ examination and revision of a foreign We want. a strong defense system in tances, we have chaos. We want a clear policy that has been and will be a costly the Western Hemisphere. Who finds idea where we stand and in what general failure. any fault In that? Q.irection we are· heading. If we do not Many of us have been giving close and Again ·quoting Abraham Lincoln: heed history, and know where we have prayerful consideration to this problem. If danger ever reaches us, it must spring been, we probably will not understand It is neither possible nor important that up among us. It cannot come from abroad. where we are going. The Constitution we agree on all details. But there are If destruction be our lot, we must ourselves of the United States was a thoughtful some fundamental issues which I respect­ be its author and finisher. · As a nation of · document which recognized the past, fully suggest for your consideration. free men, we must live through all time, profited by its mistakes, and set a course First. Whatever our future policy is to or die by suicide. for the future. It established metes and be it must be determined with the full Either a loose fiscal policy or a weird bounds. No straight and narrqw path participation and approval of the Con­ foreign policy can mean suicide at thjs can be followed when fences and sign gress. I fully agree with Senator TAFT, stage of the game. boards are removed or changed, and the when on January 15 he said: We want to establish a strong defense paths are not kept shored. The basic liberties of the people of this line in the Atlantic and Pacific. We Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, I ask country are imperiled unless we can retain would refuse further aid of any kind to . unanimous consent to extend my re­ in Congress the right to pass on policies af­ Western Europe unless persuaded that marks in the RECORD immediately fol­ fecting the very life and being of the' Amer­ Western Europe is carrying its full share lowing the remarks of the distinguished ican people. of the burden. gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. TowEJ. · I confess profound shock at the oppos­ In other words, we want to work with The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ing opinion of Senator CONNALLY, who but not for freedom-loving nations. The objection to the reciuest of the gentle­ would merely agree to a resolution that effect of this declaration is this: West­ man from New York? would not seek to direct the President in ern Europe should contribute its part in There was no objection. any way, but wouid give the Senate a preparing for its own defense. We have Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak­ sense of :Participation in the decision fought two wars in Europe on the theory er, I yield to the gentleman from New without giving it any real or assumed that in so doing we were defendfng our­ Jersey [Mr. HAND], and ask unanimous veto power. Presumably the House selves and furthering world peace. It is consent that my time may be extended would not even enjoy this mild satisfac­ proposed now that we repeat the per­ 5 minutes. tion. formance, and we are coy about accept- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Second. I definitely oppose the broad ing the invitation. · objection to the request of the gentleman implications of the Truman doctrine. While this so-called declaration of pol­ from Wisconsin? under the authority of which the United icy .does not cover the picture completely, There waS" no objection. States has assumed the duty to support we offer it. as a starting point for pro­ Mr. HAND. Mr. Speaker, the move­ and defend any free peoples who are re­ ducing coherence where now vie have ment having its real beginning this after­ sisting attempted subjugation by armed nothing but confusion. It gives impetus noon is a healthy thing. I take pride in minorities or by outside pressures. to discussion. · my association with it from its· incep­ I deny that the United States has The reaction among Members of the tion, some·weeks ago. I am glad to have either the moral obligation or the prac­ House during debate was good, for from assoCiated my efforts with those of the tical capacity to carry on any such a many quarters it was apparent that there gentlewoman from New York [Mrs. ST. global program. is very little disagreement with the gen­ GEORGE], as weil as my colleagues, Con­ Specifically, I believe we should­ eral principles s·tated by Mr. Hoover in gressmen TOWE, LAWRENCE SMITH, FEL­ First. Oppose the engagement of our his speeches to the Nation. Almost LOWS, and O'HARA, efforts which are land forces in any part of Asia; · everyone with whom I have talked, re­ 'joined by more than 100 Members of the Second. Decline further aid of any kind gardless of whether he signed this dec­ House. That number will grow. to Western Europe unless persuaded that laration, indicated that Congress must Western Europe is carrying its full share not surrender further its legislative · I think I should also say that we have enjoyed the benefit of the services, sug­ of the burden; and powers, and the opinion that already we Third. Concentrate future policy on have given to the Executive more power gestions, and enthusiastic encourage­ ment of a considerable number of dis­ the consolidation and defense of the than he is able or should be willing to Western Hemisphere. exercise. Such conduct on the part of tinguished Members on the other side of the legislative branch has nearly if not the aisle. It is, of course, entirely evi­ Obviously this brief statement is sub­ quite d'estroyed its integrity as one of dent that a matter of such grave im­ ject -to amplification and broadening in .the three branches of this Government. portance transcends any partisan con­ detail. But I feel the support of these This opinion is subscribed to by Mem­ siderations. .minimum principles is essential to save bers of Congress, regardless of ·party af­ The American people and their elected the country from an attrition of strength filiations. It was the design of our basic representatives in the Congress are which would lead to its ultimate ruin. law that treaties, which are nothing but presen.tly engaged in what is being ·called I recognize that many patriotic and in­ agreements between nations, must be the ereat debate. telligent people hold quite divergent confirmed by the Senate of the United · It is possible that this debate was views, and I fully recognize their right ·states. Through the practice of enter­ touched off b;y the courageous speech to do so. On the other hand, I demand ing into agreements with other nations made by Joseph P. Kennedy, our former equal respect for the motives of my posi­ the Executive has, for years, usurped the Ambassador to Great Britain, on Decem­ ·tion. At the very least these opposing power of one branch of the Congress and ber 12, 1950. Quoting Lincoln, he said: views must be fully debated and re­ assumes the power to bind us in the If we could first know where we are and solved, by serious factual analysis, and future without the advice or the consent whither we are tending, we could better know not by name calling. of that body, as the Constitution pro­ 'what to do and how to do it. Mr. Speaker, you will note that I have vided. Eight days later, Herbert Hoover specift,cally sµggested my disagreement February 22 will be set aside . in the with the so-called Truman doctrine. opened his thoughtful address on foreign This I believe to be the seed of our pres­ House of. Representatives for the pur­ policy by saying: pose of doing honor to the memory of .ent difficulties. No appraisal of the world situation can be There should be no misunderstanding George Washington, the first President final in an unstable world. However, to find of the United States. His Farewell Ad­ our national path, we . must constantly re­ of the Truman doctrine. The President dress will be read with force and quaver- examine where we have arrived and at times was frank about it. summed up, it is . ing emotion. · After the ceremonies, this -revise our direction. · this-and I quote his words: great address, which would.save us from I do not propose to traverse the disastrous I believe that it must be the policy of the ·catastrophe if it were followed, will be road by which we have reached this point. United States te> support free peoples who_ XCVII-80 1266 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOU-SE FEBRUARY 14 are resisting attrempted sutrjugM:iOlil by Speaker, if all the cuntrac-ts now being Mr. ·Bow. Mr. Speaker, last Novem­ armed minori1iiesi or by out ·· - pressures. let, and to be let, by the Government are ber a disastrous fire swept through the I. 'llelieve tlnat we mus.t assist free to be awarded on this ·kind of basis, it United States Indian service Hospital peQples to work out their own destinies means that $100,000,000 out of everyr at Bethel, Alaska, destroying the main in their own. way. $'1,000,000,0IJO will be an absolute loss to building and the Quonset-type annex. rn plain language by the pursuit of the taxpayers, or $1,500;000,000 out of Fbrtunate:Iy all of the nearfy 60 patients such a policy, we baive bitten off more every $1!0,000,000,000, $-3,000,000,000 out were removed to safety-and' all within tllan we can chew. I warned of tluis in a of every $20,000,0tJ&,OOO, and $15,000,000,­ a very short period of time. speeeh I made on May 7 .- 194.7, in connec­ CfOO out of every $100,006,000,000. This hospital at Bethel1 served an area tio:n with the debate oni Gi:eek-Tur:ltey Is it any wonder that the people are of between sixty t<:> seventy thousand loan, I said:, dissatisfied with the wmy the Govern­ square miles and the town does not have­ FoUD hundred milli0n is !Ep:pllm i.ated tOl ment is handling its hu.siness aft'airs? higbway or railroad facilities. Fnrther­ the P11esident, to sta.Dt Am.el:.ma, on a. dark Is it any wonder they are protesting ad­ mo.l!e the rivev and bay into the Bering jpwmey, a dangerous. jpwme.y, an imperi.alis­ dfttonal' taxes when they krn>w things Sea are open only about 4 moli1.ths of the tfc adventure to every pl'ag_ue spot in. tl'Ie rote this are g.-oing- an?' .rust why, Mr. year. Although the population of Bethel wortd. Speaker .. when sealed bids are carred for fs onlY aoout 650, the Indian Service es­ I have no neason no t.01 retract what and a respoilSlllle CQntpany submits a trma tes thret the a:rem served l!lr the hos­ I said .then.. l:rJ. v;iew of the limited time bid', supported by a snfflcient perfonn­ pital involves about 9,0 ireewre. I am reliably infmmed the Fed­ l!emaii:n.illlg, l shall CDiillt2llt ~s.elt w;ith ance bond ancf proper finaIIcial' state­ that eral Government is now payblg about a lnEl e eomplete discuss-it>Jl}. of this- dan­ ments, is; sn:ch a bid rejected and it $14.0' minmrnm roond'-trip afi]>lane fare geflnllS dbcim:irm:~ illl. tllre mffal fl!l1l:timre. awarded another cmmpany whose bid is To conclude, either Congress etivelty, I5 pereent higher? Is this favorittsm,. ta fly these' emergency e~ses out of Be'irhel to otheT nearest Government hos­ partidpa.1les in basic ~Y ma.ld.mg. deci­ or rs it just plain stupid-tty? pitals. It is 770 airline miles to the-Gov­ .&ions, OJ! else we ~a.t.e int€lo a. mere I do not expect anythiIJ.g :r say here JR.eic:hsta.g, havi:ng only the. very dmil.J:>t­ to ctrange the preseµt contract-IiIDl' do ernment hC!Jspital at Baimrw and 1,140 iw ]i>l'.:hvilege e nrgen1t need to OetOOer r!, 1950, MT. J. P. JLaiwl61", p:res-i­ Congress to cut ft?' move ait 1lhe earliest poss-iiMe menret'It to defltt of the Gene-rail Piltle-11 Co., of Ames, Mr. Speaker, I am fully C'On'S'dous of b-egm rebmfdfug tni's instmiti'on whfch lowa, went to Wrtght-Paltterson. Air hres senecf the !Jetfle:I area SO' since-it the liimtta:timI of the pawel"S' of ~origress; wen Force B~. Dayton, Ohio, to :Mid out iif namezy.-, that it iS' onlly a fegj:s'fa ttive body was Jlmiiilt in 1939. · In the 1'1.C!JIJt! that no time will be lost through un~:ry de­ 'ihen~· wa-~ ainy contlranuaJI wetik am:iilamle W'Ftrh. power to in.nsttgate, bnt na power Ia:ys rend to a.void waiiting for the- regular tht eould be petifonned by his C"E>mpamy. to enfol'C'e any crf ft1r own Iaws. How­ fmim& Interior IJieJJeirtment appropriation bim Wli1:i1~ there he- was. giivem 1l"me- aimd ever.. Mr. Sl>eaker, under the present en~fflll!lg I lrave 1l0drey mtr0Ci'.hreed m&fillll designed to invited to submit a sealri 1'.J.idl emergency, wourd it nat be possible to 105 mo "ife> deinineiral~eirs. On em­ start this pr0jeet cm ftr8' way. have a; oommfttee of Ctmgress set up ber 3, r96'0 . om behal1f of ms. eomwaJmy, Personally l! am a stn>ng adToeate of with pawer tcr compel governmental private en1rerprtse al'ld an OPTJOnmt of he did sullJmit a sa:Iecl tid, a~MIMG' agenC'fes t.o :i:e:d'tree waste and cut out ai Government earrymg on ai busi:rresa: at ~ stlnicient }l>el'f0nmase bomd, a tman­ foolish expendi:tnres such as the one I ciali stat.ememt, aEll a lef:trtnr :lfiram a fiman­ t3Jxpayers' e-xpemre that eould no'l'l'l'l'all~ have just cited?' StI:reiy, through its e-mJ h180tatfon statmg tfira.t ~ He be earned on by private instituttO?l'S. ~t'mtirt!J'l of the purse rt eou!d. force a available to his comllJtliimy 1iCD m~illlatelly, Jn 1tl're ease of the' BetheI H0S1?ital, pri.. of :fi.ria:m:e 1rm.e llJl[Oiject: gireat redaction: unvrnrranted waste·. vate hospital fadlities are just not avail­ The bids: were ap.ened. Mr. DOLLIVER. Mr. Speak.er, will a;'b-fe iin the area. OU!' onl'y mlternative is the yiefd? a. m., November 13r l!.9. • Fwe 111ai­ gentleman to 1"eb'l!rP1'd this straeturl~ destroyed by fire m:fei iilll d aWlmi t.tm seatl'ed b ·m.. The Mr CUNNINGHAM. I yiefd to tlile jl!lst a;s raipidiy as po-ssibie. · bi~~ at t General lliil.!te1r Co., :tl Ames, gentl.ema.n. We are today aJPlJI'Opriatihg vast sums lawai, as ~9L'15. Tb:e next Toi t Mr DOLI.IVER. I would Like to ask of nroney for dO'--good projects through­ 1Dm. wais by tllle :aemmte· Ct!lrJiJ. cm ~ltral. the gentreman a few questkma abou.t out tfre world'-all t0 acilvel'tise denroc-­ Nebr., $4QQ,842..5e. Tlne ot.l!Iar 1llnmee lD.i.."'dis this.. ls. the c.Qll1pally in Ames, Iowa, raey and iin the hope> we wtn stave oft were- higher than tu Omaha exM!JJOl!at­ a large CQIDJlany or is it a. sma.n com.- the ad'vanre of communism. tilII'. The comra.ct was. awaJded t0 the pruay'! . Here we have an opportunity to prac­ R~ite Conp , ot Omaha, Nebr., w:m>se Mr. CUNNINGHAM. lti-s-asl!WaJ..1cam­ tice wh'n ha& been ing, a ha.rufsome busines.s-. n has made HE!!'"e- is an omrertunity tO' show the world given to the General Filter Co., of Ames, money. rt has &ufunit.ted its plans and just how raJ:idTy we can mo-ve in looking Io.wa, as to why its- bid was ne.j,ectecL A specffications to. the Air Force De]!>art­ after the welfare of our own. · number of attempteus. and. unfounded: as. the fa.ct eIGsely with the hospital authorities. that $'6'1,2'50. 75 of the taxpay,ers-" money THE INDIAN SERVICE ROSPITAL AT' BETHEL, ALASKA 'Fhese missionaries are now Wl'Jrking was spent unnecessarily on a $:J5'U ~000, to among the churehrs 2,500 native mem­ a $4.00,aoo CQiltract ~ I have c.QID.p.uted Mr. ROW. Mr. Speaker, r ask uman­ bers in 25 communi'tfes- along Km~lrok­ the amowrt of money los.t ta the taxpay­ imaus, consent. t.o· ext.end my rem:arks at wim River aind the Knskokwim Bay. ers by rejecting the bid of the General t.ln,ts, lllW in. 1rhe JiblaoRD. Many of you wi:Il reCRll the work car­ Filter Co., of Ames-, and awarding the The SPEAKER. Is there objecti:on to ried on among tfre American Indians in contract ta 1lhe Refinfte Corp .. af omaha, the request of tllre- gentleman from Ohio? Ohio by the m:fssiarraries ot the Mora­ tcr be 2pproximateiy 15 perc-ent. Mr. TheTe was _no objection. vian Church., One oftf:rese-David Zets- 1951 · CQNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1267 berger-is credited with saving the had differences of opinion with each that is not so in this body so far as I colonists from the attacks of the Iroquois other, ho two agreeing. can observe, but it is generating just the Indians at a c"ritical point during the I would like to sea rch for the "area of same. Revolutionary War. agreement." To me this is very impor­ Reference has been made to certain The missionaries of this church are tant, not the "area of disagreement."_ I polls. It is perfectly all right to con­ well established in the Kuskokwim River think the "area of disagreement" has sider polls as a piece of evidence, but area and are tho.roughly familiar with been stressed too much. What is the when I see or hear Member after Mem­ the needs of the people there. Their "area of agreement"? What are the ber get up and talk about polls, con­ board of elders has communicated with things that the Members of Congress are veying the information they should vote me, fearing that this hospital might not agreed upon? When we find that we in accordance with those polls, I ask, be rebuilt' or that steps toward its re­ shall have found an area of basic agree­ "What is their responsibility under rep­ building might be extended indefinitely. ment although we may differ as to meth­ resentative government?" The Indian Service informs me that it ods, in which case there is an area . of Mr. FURCOLO. Mr. Speaker, will the has filed with the Budget Bureau a re­ basic agTeement. And then to find out gentleman yield? quest and accompanying papers justify­ in some sources what the "area of dis­ Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle­ ing the rebuilding of this hospital. I am agreement" is, the fatal tactics used to man from Massachusetts. advised that it is the opinion of the In­ try and portray to the American public Mr. FURCOLO. I do not know how dian Service that the need for this hos­ the feeling that there is confusion, con- many Members saw it, but back 3 or 4 pital is great and that ther6 are sufficient . fusion, confusion. weeks ago either Look or Life magazine Alaska natives living in that area whose I can remember 10 years ago some of had a picture story. Apparently some health problems are of such magnitude those who spoke today making the same months ago at the time of Korea they that they require a hospital in or near type of speeches when we were trying to sent their representatives into a town Bethel. I hope the Bureau of the Budg­ prepare ourselves against an attack by in Ohio and took a cross-section and et will realize the emergency in this sit­ Hitler. I can remember the one-vote vic­ printed the pictures and the stories of uation and expedite this project. tory on extending the Selective S.ervice many people there. There was prac­ During the fiscal year of 1950 this hos­ Act. I have often wondered, Mr. Speak­ tically unanimity of opinion so far as pital had 450 admissions and in addition er, what a terrible price the conscience those people were concerned in support treated 3, 792 persons who were not ad­ of every Member would have exacted who of what was being done in Korea. About mitted to the institution as bed patients. voted against the extension of selective 3 weeks ago or around that time they This averages better than 1 new admis-: service about 2 months before Pearl Har­ went back to the very same people arid sion-1 new bed patient-every day and bor had the bill been defeated by one or asked them what they thought then. more than 10 persons given medical two or more votes. The responsibility of Those people for the most part had com­ treatment and permitted to leav.e the in­ one who loses is an easy thing to satisfy pletely changed. stitution every day. himself about; Y.OU can conjure up this Now, that implies, to my mind at least, In the months·of June and July prior and that and justify it; but I have often a responsibility not only upon the Repre­ to the fire, the number of bed· patients wondered, had the extension of selective sentatives in this Congress to act upon . averaged 72 a day. The hospital was service been defeated in September of their own initiative but also to have some rated as a 60-bed hospital. Thus you 1941 instead of going through by one infoi·mation ·as to the basis upon which observe the Bethel Hospital was already vote, what would have been the thoughts the people of this country are expressing overtaxed. The Indian Service has in the minds and consciences of those opinions, because certainly we cannot asked the Bureau of the Budget for ap­ Members on that famous roll call who have our policy shift back and forth as proval of a 70-bed hospital. It is felt voted against it. I would not want to easily and as often as has been done by this will handle the needs, since the tu­ have it on my conscience if as a result of that illustration. berculosis patients treated at the Bethel that vote my country lost its independ­ I may say to one of the Members who Hospital at the time of the fire will soon ence and our people theit freedom, or if spoke recently, in which he mentioned a receive treatment at a new tuberculosis that vote contributed to the loss of inde­ speech made by farmer Ambassador hospital elsewhere in Alaska. pendence and freedom, or if that vote Kennedy, and I have no desire to com­ Mr. $Peaker, while we spend much contributed toward serious. impairment ment upon that speech , made... by the time considering the needs of those as­ of the best interests of the United States. father of one of ourL distinguished co1 ..; sociated with us in the struggle for a . We had·a civil war, and we had a ~great leagues, I think if that Member ·is to use free world, I hope we will :tlso move expe­ President, the first Republican President former ·.Ambassador- Kennedy's speech ditiously in meeting this urgent need in who was our leader in that trag·ic era. as an indication of what should or one of our own Territories. If he were alive today he would be a should not be done, perhaps he should Democrat; he could not stand for what also include in his remarks the stand SPECIAL ORDER is going on and for the thoughts run­ former Ambassador Kennedy took in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under ning through the minds of many I listen England when it was a question of the previous order of the House, the gen­ to on the left side of the aisle today, whether England was going to try to tleman from Kentucky [Mr. PERKINS] is not only in reference to domestic affairs resist Hitler. recognized for 60 minutes. · but in foreign affairs as well. He did Mr. McCORMACK. I appreciate the Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker-- not have the support of his own party gentleman's observation. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will in Congress when he was President; he Mr. FELLOWS. Mr. Speaker, will the the gentleman yield? was held in contempt; he was hated by gentleman yield? Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the distin­ Members of Congress, both in the House Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle­ guished majority leader. and the Senate. Much of that was due man from Maine. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, we to political reasons. The sad thing Mr. FELLOWS. The gentleman ap­ have nstened for about 90 minutes to today is to see, not in this body I am glad propriately spoke about the hatred that speeches in connection with the foreign to say, expressing my opinion, but else­ people have for men who have reached affairs of our country. While they have where, some men with presidential am­ the peak in political and other life. all been very interesting, the sum total bitions who have jealousy toward such That was significant, as the gentleman of the remarks impressed itself upon my a great American as General Eisenhower stated, with reference to the great Presi­ mind as that my friends are possessed of because they fear he might be nominated dent Wilson, who was an American, a a "defeatist" attitude. They are not pos­ by the Republican convention as a can­ top American, a constitutional American, sessed of that affirmative spirit which didate for President in 1952. it also reached the peak with reference brings with it the confidence needed in We had men who hated Wilson only to President Roosevelt and President the con:tlict or danger that may confront 30 years ago, and they stopped the ~ruman; but it never in the history of our country. The impression left in my League of Nations from becoming an this country reached as high a place as mind was that they were advocating, effective instrument for peace. We it did against President Hoover when he without saying it in words, the spirit of have the same minds-different names­ was President and ran the second time. retreat, criticizing, griping remarks con­ today. The feeling of jealousy and Mr. McCORMACK. What is the gen­ taining nothing affirmative. Some even ·hatred is generating. I am glad to say tleman referring to? 1268 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 14 Mr. FELLOWS. To the gentleman's pret the gentleman's state of mind in consultation. All Members may not speech about hatred and jealousy. accordance with the type he is. · The agree but as far as consultation is con­ Mr. McCORMACK. Does the gentle­ type he is is due to heredity; he in­ cerned, that relationship has existed. I man admit that when Lincoln was Presi­ herited certain characteristics. agree with the gentleman from Califor­ dent he did not have a friend among his He cannot g.et a way any more than nia, it should continue to exist. own party in the Congress? all of us can get away from certain I think the debate today has done a Mr. FELLOWS. No. His Vice Presi­ characteristics. That was said in the lot of good. What I am searching for dent came from my district. Certainly same sense as the gentleman from Mich­ is the "area of agreement," not the "area not. igan says a lot of things. He does not of disagreement." I place a different in­ Mr. McCORMACK. Is the Vice Presi­ int.end them. terpretation upon Mr. Hoover's speech dent a Member of Congress? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Oh, Mr. than some others do. I think there is an Mr. FELLOWS. No. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? "area of agreement" there. There is also Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman Mr. McCORMACK. I am finding the an "area of disagreement." Why do we from Massachusetts referred to Members gentleman not guilty. not play up the "area of agreement" in­ of Congress. The Vice President pre­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Wait a stead of playing up the "area of dis­ sides over the Senate. He is not a Mem­ minute. agreement" and thus creating the im­ ber of the Senate. Is my recollection Mr. McCORMACK. I insist upon it. pression that there is complete disagree­ of the Constitution correct that the Vice He cannot plead guilty in my court. He ment? I think if we went ahead con­ President is not a Member of the Senate? can plead guilty to political differences structively and talked about the "area of Mr. FELLOWS. Well, of course, no­ but he cannot plead guilty to anything agreement" that exists, and played that body ever received the abuse that Her­ on the personal level. You can use it up, and then through discussion saw bert Hoover received. if you want to; I prefer you would. whether we could extend that more and Mr. McCORMACK. From, Republi­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. In the more, that would be more conducive to cans, too. campaign? the best interests of our country than Mr. FELLOWS. From the gentle­ Mr. McCORMACK. I have a very to play up the disagreements and create man's party. high regard for the gentleman. an impression that there is constant dis­ Mr. McCORMACK. Let me say to the Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Will the agreement between Members of Congress gentleman that I can remember in 1933 gentleman yield? and prominent Americans, Presidents, or 1934 when a couple of Republican Mr. McCORMACK. I did not intend past Presidents, or otherwise, when as a Members of the House bitterly and per­ to go this far. I want to make a few matter of fact there is a wide "area of sonally attacked former President observations now. agreement." Hoover. I was on the floor. The gen­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The The spirit of what has been agreed, tleman smiles because he probably has gentleman made reference to me. Will the statement mentioned in today's de­ a recollection of that too. I waited to he yield for an answer? bate, to and signed is the thing that dis­ see if some Republican Member of the Mr. McCORMACK. I cannot resist turbs me, the impression that goes out House would speak for the former Presi­ the gentleman. that we want to leave Europe to itself. dent. Nobody did. And I rose and de­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Please I think it is for the .national interest of f ended him as an American. He was do not charge me with not at least my country to have friends in the world, my President when he was in office. I thinking that I know what I am talking to have other countries as friends. I might disagree with him, but he was the about. think it is to the national interest of my President of the United States and while Mr. McCORMACK. That is a ques­ country to try to help other peoples he was President he was my President tion of fact. resist aggression. Aggression today is and carried my respect as President and Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Speaker, will the more than international communism my respect for the office of President. gentleman yield? when in control of a government, it car­ I can remember when Harold Stassen Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle­ ries with it all of the harmful results resigned as Governor of Minnesota to go man from California. that flow therefrom-imprisonment, into the Navy in World War II. When Mr. PHILLIPS. I did not want to in­ death, vicious persecution, the destruc­ he made the statement about interna­ terrupt the gentleman's essay on types, tion of the dignity of the individual. tional affairs three or four Republicans but I want to register the fact that I am As far as we are concerned, we can got up, friends who did not agree with in complete agreement with his col­ have peace very easily if we want to get him-and they had a perfect right to league, the gentleman from Massa­ down on our knees and beg and crawl. disagree-but they bitterly attacked chusetts [Mr. FuRCOLO] in which he said Sure, you can have peace tnat way, but Harold Stassen. I only met the gentle­ he felt it was incumbent upon the Mem­ what red-blooded American wants to do man once. To my recollection I have bers of this body to make decisions for that? No real red-blooded American not met him since. But I admired him themselves upon information furnished, will do it. So let us try to explore more as an American and as an individual. and I wish to say that I am very much in and more the "area of agreement" rather I waited to hear if any Republican was favor of that, and I hope it implies that than stress the "areas of disagreement." going to say a word for Harold Stassen. we will in this House receive more infor­ Mr. TOWE. If the gentleman will Nobody did, so I got up and defended mation and more prompt information, yield, may I point out that the declara­ him as an American. I simply refer to especially upon international matters, tion does not say nor does it suggest that that to show that we Democrats do not than we have been receiving lately. I those who signed it want to leave Europe hate. We may disagree but we do not know the gentleman from Massachusetts, to their own resources? It does not say hate. That is the prerogativ.e of some the distinguished majority leader, will that, and that is an improper interpre­ other people; I am not saying it is the concur in that hope. tation, if the gentleman will read it. prerogative of the Republican Party, but Mr. McCORMACK. There is nothing Mr. McCORMACK. I said the spirit it certainly is not within the realm of about what the gentleman says but what of the resolution. Those who have the Democratic Party or any Member anybody would concur in. I might say spoken today do not all agree. I should to hate. We can disagree sharply and that President Truman has been con­ like to do something where there is an intensely, but we never hate. sulting all the time with the appropriate "area of agreement," and then let us try Does the gentleman from Michigan committees in both branches of the Con­ to extend it as time goes on, not stressing desire to make an observation? gress. Nobody expects the President to the "area of disagreement." Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Yes. I consult with each and every one of us, Mr. HOFFMAN. of Michigan. Mr. would like to ask the gentleman how but there have been constant consulta­ Speaker, will the gentleman yield for a he characterizes the statement of the tions. I have attended a number of question? present President with reference to the meetings because of my being leader; Mr. McCORMACK. Yes. marines. others I have not, because they were con­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The Mr. McCORMACK. The present fined to the Armed Services or the Com­ gentleman spoke about the "area of President is a man who, like the gentle­ mittee on Foreign Affairs or the Commit­ agreement," that we should stress that. man from Michigan, is a type. The gen­ tee on Foreign Relations. But I can as­ · Mr. McCORMACK. What is the ''area tleman from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN], sure the gentleman and the people of -Of agreement" to which the gentleman is a very rare type, and at least I inter- America that there has been constant would go? 1951 . CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE 1269 Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Was I cation in the public elementary and mental .education and training which are asking the gentleman a question or was secondary schools. .essential to effective service, whether in the he asking me one? First, I was asking This bill seeks no objective not recog­ . Armed Forces, in industry, or on the farm. I, therefore, urge the Congress to authorize the gentleman a question, which was, nized in several recent sessions of both Federal financial assistance to help the States having stressed the necessity of an "area the House and the Senate. A measure provide a level of elementary and secondary of agreement," can the gentleman name of this kind was adopted in the Senate education that will meet the minimum needs one Democrat who has agreed in any­ of the Eightieth Congress by an over­ of the Nation. thing with the speech made by Mr. whelming vote of 58 to 22. Practically Hoover, and if so, what was it, and who the saime legislation passed the Senate of In his economic report to the Congress, said it? the Eighty-first Congress by the still the President said: · Mr. McCORMACK. One Democrat more decisive vote of 58 to 15. As we move into a period when we will who agrees with what? In recognition of the urgent need have an urgent need for all our trained men Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. With which this legislation was drawn to meet, and women, we must face the fact that noth­ this House was not idle. Numerous ing can make up for faulty basic education any one thing that Mr. Hoover proposed in our primary and secondary schools. This in this last speech, and if some Demo­ lViembets of this body introduced in both is as true for the men in military service as crat did agree, when was it, and what the Eightieth and the Eighty-first Con- for the factory worker or the farm hand. did he say? gresses bills providing for Federal aid to Our public-school system faces the great­ Mr. McCORMACK. I do not agree education. Almost certain passage was est crisis in its history. More than ever be­ with that statement. I made the state­ indicated by the strong support given fore, we need positive action by the Federal ment just now that there is a wide "area to such legislation by Members who did Government to help the States meet their not themselves join in introducing the educational tasks. We simply cannot afford of agreement" there, so the gentleman's to let overcrowding or lack of equipment or hearing must be very bad, because only measure. Unf or t una t e1 Y, t he measure staff impair the basic education of our young a few moments ago I made that state- was never placed before this body for people. ment. · a vote. Its endorsement in the House Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. What Committee on Education and Labor was In keeping with such recommenda­ does the gentleman agree with that ohstructed by continued controversy over tions .often repeated by the President, Hoover said? What did Hoover say in matters that were little related to the I introduced H. R. 545. In behalf of the his last speech that the gentleman agrees welfare of children or to the national principle it advocates and the action for with? crisi::: toward the solution of which the. which it provides, I now address you. Mr. McCORMACK. I agree with what measure was intended to serve. In the A YEAR oF DECISioNs is contained in this statement here that introduction of H. R. 545, I have at- This is a year of fateful decisions. we should develop the strength of Ameri­ te~pted to avoid the controversies which Upon the nature of these decisions the ca, and I have always advocated that, previously blocked consideration of this very existence of the human freedoms, but use it affirmatively and effectively for measure, as I shall shortly make clear. indeed, the continued existence of the good, for a future decent world, and to FEDERAL AID A BIPARTISAN ISSUE United States as a free and independent stop international communism from tak­ I wish to call your attention to the nation may rest. I do not believe I have ing over country after country. I agree fact that Federal aid to education is a a single colleague in this body who does . on the development of the strength of bipartisan issue, as it should be. It not recognize this fact. America. Others disagree with me on · would be a great tragedy in this Nation I submit to you that there is no more how the strength of America should be if one of the great political parties should important decision this body has to m·ake exercised. · aline itself against essential provisions than the one upon which I address In any event, if we want peace, as I for our schools, the institutions upon you-a decision vitally affecting those said, we can have it very easily by being which popular government so largely human resources upon which both our kneeling cowards. On the other hand, if depends. military defense and our prosperity we are still Americans, as we are sup­ Three times during the sessions of the depend. · posed to be, thinking rationally and Eighty-first Congress the President of Those countries supporting ideologies soundly and with stout heart, there is the United States unequivocally en- threatening the existence of our own no need for any one of us or any Ameri­ dorsed Federal aid to education in om- embrace in their populations nearly one­ can to lack confidence as to the future cial statements presentecl to the Con- half the peoples of the earth. Already in meeting the problems which may con­ gress, and upon more than one occasion the majority of these peoples are heavily front us. Let us have more affirmative he advocated the early adoption of Fed- armed. speeches, rather than the nagging, dis­ eral-aid legislation in his public ad- 1 It should be clear to anyone who gives torted speeches which discolor the dresses and interviews with the press. this matter a single thought that those truth. As a matter of fact, the leader­ Nevertheless, the Federal-aid measure who must protect themselves against ship of President Truman has been ab­ so decisively approved by the Senate in such odds cannot afford to neglect the solutely sound in opposition to interna­ the last Congress was introduced by a fullest development of the human re­ tional communism. group Of Senators representing equally sources which they have at hand. It SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED both major parties; and support for the would be suicidal to do so. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. bill in debate on the floor of the Senate We are mobilizing our industrial re­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that came from the leaders of both parties. sources. We are lengthening our as­ after the expiration of the special orders The Federal-aid-to-education bills in- sembly lines. We are stockpiling criti­ already granted, and any which may troduced in the House of Representatives cal supplies. Our scientists and inven- · hereafter be entered today, I may pro­ during the Eighty-first Congress were tors are feverishly at work on more pow­ ceed for 15 minutes. offered by representatives of both the · ·erful and more deadly weapons of war. Republican and the Democratic Parties. Sixty-nine percent of the budget rec­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Fortunately, therefore, concern for the ommended by the President is to .defray objection to the request of the gentle­ welfare of our schools and the adequacy the cost of national defense. Appro­ man from Michigan? of their services to American children priations already made and which must There was no objection. and youth cuts across political boundary yet be made for national defense total FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION lines. to a figure staggering the finite mind. Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, it is my THE PRESIDENT ENDORSES FEDERAL AID Threatened by potential foes that. can privilege to be first in this session of I do not need to remind you that the array against us six army divisions to Congress to direct the attention of this President of the United States, in his our one, shall we not give thought to body to unfinished legislative business state of the Union message on January creating that superiority of personnel of the most vital importance to the na­ 8, reiterated his request for Federal-aid which is our only hope of victory? tional welfare. On January 3, I intro­ legislation in the following words: · We should need no proof of the ad­ duced H. R. 545, a bill to authorize the From the standpoint of national security vantage held by superior numbers in appropriation of funds to assist the alone, as well as the enlargement of oppor­ battle. But if we wish that proof we States ar;d Tenitories in financing a tunities for the individual, the Nation needs may have it by reading in any news­ minimum .foundation program of edu- to ~ee that every youth acquires the funda- paper any day that overwhelming hordes 1270 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 14 of the enemy are slowly but surely press­ excuse negligence; no mena-:e can justify a teachers which, by the most conserva­ ing the fighting men of the United Na­ bolt to progress. tive estimate, will be needed from 1950 tions back to the beachheads of peril. TENSIONS WILL PERSIST to 1960. At the present rate of prepara­ tion in our teacher education institu­ WAR AND EDUCATION No one who predicts total war expects it to be brief in time nor confined in tions we can expect not much more than Experience should have taught us by one-third of the needed number of quali­ now the cost of educational deficiencies scope, although we all hope i~ can be avoided. In his state of the Umon mes­ fied teachers. in war.- The lack of adequate education There are in the American schools on the part of many thousands of men sage the President advised the American people to get ready for the long pull. 90 000 teachers who hold substandard in World War I so hampered military ce~tificates-a number forty-five times effort that campaigns to reduce illit­ Secretary of Defense General Marshall in his testimony before the I-reparedness that of prewar days. In 17 States more eracy in the United States were among tban__one~halLoLthe _teachers have less the most ·marked -domestfc results or t.ffe o'dUCOfl.m.!i'~tce 0 vf'T ~Ti'e"'~'efltl.~~~:a;s.~l:fi~-Ct-~d·' that- than 4 years of college preparation. war. SHORTAGE OF TEACHERS Data from the National Selective •rensions that unsettle the world may per­ Service System in World War II show sist through the lifetime 0f many of us. We The most important reason for the must husband our military and industrial shortage of qualified teachers is eco­ that 659,000 men were rejected for edu­ manpower with utmost care; we must foster cational deficiencies alone. These men nomic. While the average salary _of our scientific and technical resources: we teachers in the United States is about were physically -fit. They qualified must avoid waste in the productive imergies otherwise. Essentially they could not that help make our Nation powerful. $3,000 a year, in at least 10 States last read and write well enough to partici­ year teachers received an approximate pate effectively in a way that was so Significantly the Secretary of Defense salary of less than $2,000; in two States referred to "our scientific and technical an average salary of less than $1,600. largely technical and scientific in char­ resources"; the President of the United acter. These 659,000 men would have There is no reason to believe that par­ composed more than 40 divisions­ States referring to the "long pull" called ents in some States are less solicitous for counting 15,000 men to the division­ for effort "to increase our capacity to the welfare of -their children than in produce and to keep our economy others. more com~at divisions than were com­ mitted to the South Pacific theater of strong." The extension of full educa­ UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN AND WEALTH tional opportunity to all young Ameri­ The inequality of educational oppor­ the war. Forty divisions were lost be­ not be wasted cause someone failed to see that the men cans, whatever its cost, will tunity in the United States is due to fac­ if we are never called upon to fight a tors inherent in our national ideal of a who might have composed them ac­ total war. Upon effective preparation quired the simplest rudiments of edu­ free economy. It is a result of the un­ of youth depends our scientific and tech­ even distribution of taxable wealth and cation. nical progress and our future economy During World War II, and for the 5 of children among the States. A survey in peace. The stockpiles of bombs and recently made shows that some com­ years since hostility ceased, Congress has guided missiles would become obsolete been urged time and time again to pro­ munities of the Nation spent sixty times with peace, but the reserve of fully de­ as much per year to maintain a scliool vide the necessary financial assistance veloped human resources is the best pos­ for the equalization of educational op- - classroom as other communities ex­ sible guarantee of prosperity for a peace­ pended. As a rule, States with mor-e portunity. When hostilities in Korea ful future. began, youth again were submitted to children and less wealth than other At present we are far short of pre­ States make greater effort to provide the objective accounting imposed by war. paring our human resources either for The National Selective Service System good schools, and in spite of that effort contributions to victory in war or for meet with less success. There is no found it necessary to turn down 6 men contributions to economic prosperity in out of 10 for physical and educational means of equalizing educational oppor­ peace. At the time . of the most rec.ent tunity in this Nation except through the reasons. How much longer are we going count there were in the United States to take sides with our enemies? How accepted principle of taxation. Taxes 2,838,000 persons 14 years old and over are raised where the wealth is located much longer are we going to sabotage who could neither read nor write . .About the national defense by failure to and expended for the needs of the Nation three times as many had less than a wherever they exist. strengthen our human resources? fifth-grade education. Approximately PROVISIONS OF E'.. R. 545 , THE HUMAN STOCKPILE 4,000,000 sl:hool-age children were not enrolled in any school. The legislative proposal which I have The men who carry the guns, drive the introduced for your consideration would tanks, fty the planes, man our ships, are SUBSTANDARD SCHOOLS FOR MORE CHILDREN help tremendously in elimin~ting the in­ our most important stockpile. It may Substandard educational opportunity equalities of educational opportunity in be taken for granted by some people that is certain to be provided for more chil­ the United States. It would provide for this resource can be picked up at will dren in this generation than in the last, a minimum foundation program for our without foresight, without effort, with­ unless some definite positive action is public elementary and secondary schools. out expense whenever, wherever it is taken to prevent it. There has been a It call~ for an annual appropriation of needed. This attitude is so unrealistic_ tremendous increase in the birthrate $300,000,000 distributed among the States as to be untenable. Education is a long which is already felt in greatly expanded on a purely objective formula. Ninety­ process, a process associated with men­ school enrollments. A stork that in 1933 seven p3rcent of the funds would be tal, and physical growth. It can be hur­ broug·ht less than 17 babies for every allocated to the States directly in propor­ ried very little. By Herculean effort we 1,000 of the population suddenly showed tion to the number of children of school may very quickly transform our peace­ up in 1947 with 27 babies per 1,000. The age and inversely proportional to the time factories into war plants. We may rate of arrival of the new-born first wealth of the .-3tates. The measure pro­ quickly restrict the use of raw materials . jumped significantly in 1942. These vides that Federal funds cannot be sub­ to the urgent needs of defense. We can­ youngsters are already in the elementary stituted for State and local funds. If not make such a transformation in the schools. Their brothers and sisters who States and communities decrease their development of the young people upon hav.e come on apace since 1942 will, in support Federal funds are propor­ whom we must depend for the services due time, be knocking at the schoolhouse tionately reduced. Provisions are made of defense. There is no whip with which door for admission. The increasing for aid to the Territories as well as the learning can be speeded. It takes time. birthrate is more persistent than was states. The rights of minority races are We must prepare now for the years anticipated by the Bureau of the Census, respected. The bill provides that a State ahead. but a careful study by the Bureau indi­ educational authority dissatisfied with cates that a school enrollment which had the administration of the act may appeal Recently Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower reached less than 27,000,000 in the school said: to an appropriate court. The measure years 1940-50 will jump past 34,000,000 offers no loophole of any kind through To neglect our school system would be a at the end_of this decade. There are which State and local control of the edu­ crime against the .tuture. Such neglect could not enough teachers now to take care well be more disastrous to all our freedoms cational program may be removed or than the most formidable armed assault on of the increased school population. We abridged. In this respect it recognl7,es our physical defenses. * * * Where our are making anything but an auspicious the tradition of the Nation from its schools are concerned, no external threat can beginning in turning out the 750,000 new founding and is consistent with nearly 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1271 one and three-quarters centuries of prac­ of the budget submitted Monday, Janu­ Education and Labor will give this sub­ tice in granting Federal aid to education ary 15. The document includes the fol­ ject the most careful consideration. which has not resulted in Federal control lowing statement: I yield to the gentleman from West of our educational ins_titutions. Promotion of education: Strong elemen­ Virginia. AVOIDING CONTROVERSY tary and secondary educational systems _ Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I wish to throughout t~e country are vital to national ask the gentleman from Kentucky if he Of special importance is the fact that strength and to the improvement of indi­ this bill is drawn to avoid obstructing vidual opportunity. Although educational thinks the Congress really grasps the se­ controversy. Previous considerations of opportunities are excellent in some parts of rious situation confronting our public the Federal-aid measures in the House the country, children and youth in too many schools? Speaking, for instance, of the Committee on Education and Labor have of our communities still do not receive ade­ matter of school facilities, let me-remind become entangled in disagreements over quate education. Inequalities exist primar~ you that during the depression days there whether private schools should become ily because of differences in the financial re­ were periods in which we woefully neg­ beneficiaries of the act. There has been sources of the States and localities. lected our school facilities, and before we The Nation as a whole suffers from these were really out of the depression the Sec­ little insistence that Federal funds should inequalities. The results are demonstrated be expended for the purposes of paying most sharply in times like the present. The ond World War came on; there was a teachers' salaries in private schools or of military services even find it necessary to freeze order on essential building mate­ maintainirig and operating private school teach some inductees reading and writing rials; nothing was done during that pe­ plants. Those who demanded that Fed­ before they can begin combat training. riod, and by the time we were beginning eral funds be made available to private From the standpoint of national security to get organized after the end of World schools have asked that such funds be alone, as well as the enlargement of oppor­ War II we found ourselves in another tunities for the individual, the Nation needs period in which it is almost impossible. allocated solely for the purpose of paying to see that every youth acquires the funda­ for transportation of pupils, for health mental education and training which are We are 20 to 25 years behind in our pub­ services, for textbooks, or for other essential to effective serviCe, whether in the lic school system today, particularly in auxiliary services. This bill provides that Armed Forces, in industry, or on the farm. the matter of school facilities. The sit­ the moneys distributed shall be expended I therefore urge the Congress to authorize uation is all too serious in regard to the only for the payment of public school Federal financial assistance to help the States teaching personnel, but I must say that teachers' salaries and for the mainte­ provide a level of elementary and secondary this Congress in its effort to conserve and nance and operation of public-school education that will meet the minimum needs to throw everything possible into theed­ of the Nation. The budget includes a tenta­ ucation effort it must not forget the plants. Any provisions for the allocation tive appropriation estimate of $300,000,000 of funds to public and private schools for for this purpose. school system of our country. There is auxiliary services would be taken up in a too much at stake. What good is it to separate me.asure and the issue decided In the opinion of the lay citizen, in the talk about technical warfare if we neg­ there without imperiling our schools and opinion of the elected officials of this lect the education of the children to the our Nation in this crisis. country there must be no moratorium extent that they could not even operate on basic essentials. We cannot longer the technical implements themselves? THE PEOPLE DEMAND FEDERAL Am countenance a Federal policy of neglect I wonder, Mr. Speaker, if the Congress The proposal for Federal aid to educa.­ of those institutions upon which the sur­ realizes that there are over 1,000,000 boys tion is made pursuant to wide demands vival of our freedoms depends. and girls attending school in this country on the part of those who are interested FEDERAL AID NOT NEW today on a half-day basis. I just wonder in the welfare of children and the future The principle of Federal aid to edu·­ how much longer the American people of our country. The American Legion at cation which I advocate is not an inno­ can tolerate that situation affecting their its annual convention last October again vation. It is consistent with the Ameri­ public schools and expect to turn out the called upon Congress to eriact at the can pattern of support for all Federal kind of citizens we need to carry on in a earliest possible moment legislation enterprises. Our revenues of all kinds world as unsettled as it is at the present which will provide Federal aid to educa­ and for all purposes are collected where time. Do you really think the Congress tion without Federal control and with has any grasp of the seriousness of the wealth ~sand expended to meet the need full preservation of the accepted Ameri­ wherever it may exist. Revenues col­ situation? Does the gentleman think can principle of the local management of lected in part from New England may they are informed of the needs of our schools. help widen the channel of the Mississippi schools? _ The Midcentury White House Confer­ or build a postoffice in Alabama. Fed­ Mr. PERKINS. First, I wish to thank ence on Children and Youth recently eral revenue collected in part from Flor­ the gentleman from West Virginia for held in Washington, attended by nearly ida may help eradicate the sheep tick in his contribution. - 6,000 citizens charged with responsibili­ Montana or build a dam in Colorado. I I do not think that the Congress of the ties for the education and care of youth ask only that the- Federal Government United States has given this important advocated that "Federal aid be provided be as concerned about the welfare of its problem the consideration it merits; in to the States for educational services in children, the development of its human fact, I believe we have been treating this tax-supported public schools without resources as it is concerned aQout the question too lightly and that we must do Federal control to help equalize educa­ highways which bind our States together, something if we are to give the boys and tional opportunity; the issue of auxiliary the maintenance of our navigable water­ girls in the public elementary and sec­ services to be considered on its merits ways, the eradication of insect pests, pro­ ondary schools the type of education they in separate legislation." tection from fiood, and the irrigation of deserve. Why do I say this? Because The National Congress of Parents and our deserts. the National Government owes some­ Teachers has adopted a resolution in Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. thing to the citizens of the United States. favor of Federal aiC: to schools: Speaker, will the gentleman yield? The record shows that the States with We support legislation tha"t; would provide Mr. PERKINS. Not at this time. I the least income, particularly the South­ grants in aid _for publicly controlled, tax- • will yield later. ern States and some others, are spending supported schools; allocations to States on I know that we must practice economy, a greater proportion of their income for the basis of relative per capita income and but this is a measure on which we can­ education than are the richer States. school-age population; and provisions for not afford to practice false economy, in Let us take for example the State of Ala_. a minimum foundation program to serve as view of the record. We know from the bama. Alabama spends 2.50 percent of a guide for equalizing educational services her total income, the income of every­ · within the State. other war-and the same thing is hap­ pening today-that the disparities in body added together, for her public Among the many other organizations education are growing greater instead of schools, and stands eighth in the 48 endorsing the principle of Federal aid to ·less. States in her effort to educate her chil­ education are, the National Grange, the Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, will the dren. New York spends 1.56 percent of American Farm Bureau Federation, and gentleman yield? her total income for education, and rates the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Mr. PERKINS. Not at this time. I forty-second in effort; yet Alabama's The most recent call for support to will yield later. effort yields only $87 per child, whereas schools has come from the President 0f This legislation is of great importance New York's effort of 1.56 percent yields the United States in the annual report and I feel sure that the Committee on approximately $225 per child. 1272 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HQUSE FEBRUARY 14 Let us look at it in another way: For thousand, I was going to suggest if the Nation that needs some kind of aid from instance, South Carolina and Mississippi Eastern and Southern. States would send some source for their school system any have some 280 children per thousand out their younger citizens instead of more than the State of California. population; California, Connecticut, and their aged citizens to get on our old-age Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Speaker, if the New Jersey ~ave only 170 children per pension rolls, we would probably be able gentleman will yield,-there-is a misunder­ thousand. This disparity exists to such to raise that birth rate to something that standing. We are not particularly wor­ a degree that in my judgment the Con­ would better please the gentleman from ried. We appreciate the concern of the gress of the United States should pass Kentucky. gentleman fror..J. West Virginia in this legislation that would guarantee a mini­ But my question is this, and it is a and many other matters, but be need mum foundation program as provided in .very serious one because the gentleman not worry about assistance which is not this bill, the expenditure of not less than has referred to the seriousness of the .solicited by California. It seems to me $55 for every boy and · gid in the ele­ wider need for education. The Federal that it should be put on the record that mentary and secondary schools of this Government is $257,000,000,000 in debt. California is building its own school Nation. Will the gentleman tell me what the sur­ buildings. In the last bill discussed jn Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. plus is in the treasury of Kentucky and committee, California was not asking for Speaker, will the. gentleman yield? perhaps what the surplus in the treasury aid. and I think the gentleman is giving Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle­ of West Virginia 1s? I may say that I a .wrong impression. We do appreciate man from Michigan. send over to the Library of Congress the gentleman's concern over California, Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. It is re­ about once a year and I get a list of the ·and I trust he has the same concern over grettable to learn from the gentleman surpluses and credit balances in the his own State. from West Virginia-and I assume he is States. They are all plus, but the Fed­ Mr. BAILEY. I do have. I want to speaking about the schools in his own eral Government is $257,000,000,000 in remind the gentleman that it is time comm.unity-that they are in such a de­ debt. It seems to me if education is as scmeone in California, whether it be plorable condition. In our communities important as the gentleman .from Ken­ the delegation in Congress or the school in the North we have schools, and I know tucky thinks, as I think, as the gentle­ authorities in California, correct some of no one at least in southwestern Mich­ man from Michigan thinks and as un­ of the conditions ·prevailing there. I igan who does not have an oppartunity to doubtedly the gentleman from West Vir­ thought it wa.S bad in the Southern obtain an education if he ·so desires. ginia believes, is it not the No. 1 item in States, but I did not know it was quite I was somewhat amazed to hear the the States to take care of their own chil­ so bad as it was in some of the States gentleman who now bas the floor tell us dren in the matter of education? that claimed to be at the top as far as that the Federal Government owes its Mr. PERKINS. Let me answer the education is concerned. citizens something. I had always sup­ gentleman from California in this way: Mr. TACKETT. Mr. Speaker, will the pased that the citizens owed the Federal I stated that the school-age children per gentleman yield? · Government something. I do not know thousand of population in California was Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle­ how the Federal Government can pay 1'10 as compared with 280 per thousand man from Arkansas [Mr. TACKETT]. · anyone anything because it has no source in some of the Southern States. · If the Mr. TACKE'IT. Mr. Speaker, this of income, as we all know, except that gentleman from California wishes to dis­ Congre.sS and many before it have often which it takes from the people, and claim the people that migrated to Cali­ engaged in the consideration of financial every time the Federal Government, or fornia over a period of years because of aid by our Government· to the under­ for that matter any other government, certain defense work and other reasons, privileged abroad. The point 4 program takes a dollar from the taxpayers it al­ I certainly think he has made a strong and many other such foreign aid en­ ways doe:; what we call shave that dollar argument for Federal aid to education. deavors, often referred to as bipartisan before it lets it go back home. So it is a I believe the record will disclose that etlorts, have been authorized with little losing transaction for any community to approximately 60 percent of the people oppasition for the purpose of aiding un- accept anything from the Federal Gov­ that are born in one State sooner or . developed areas abroad, rehabilitating ernment except, perhaps, protection, later migrate to another State. But the and educating the underprivileged on which every government ought to give to point that we should consider is solely ·foreign soils, and encouraging the indus­ all its citizens. this: Whether or not a State that is trial and agricultural activities of those Mr~ PERKINS. In resPonse to the making a greater effort by spending more people. Such measures have no diffi­ gentleman from Michigan, may I say of its total income than some other State culty receiving the sanction of this Con­ that I believe the fourteenth amend­ for education should equalize that bur­ gress so long as they preclude assistance ment to the Constitution of the United den; and I contend that it is the duty to the cith.enship of the United States. States provides equal protection under and the responsibility of the Federal During my short t.enure in Congress, the law. Government more nearly to equalize that no one has spaken any more frequently Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Sure. burden. than I have for the preservation of the and with that I agree. Mr. J3AILEY. Mr. Speaker, will . the principles of democracy. You know that Mr. PERKINS. The gentleman from gentleman yield? my theme song has been the continua­ . Michigan must bear in mind that much Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle­ tion of individual initiative, free enter- of the per capita wealth that he has in · m.a.n from West Virginia. . prise, open competition, and vested his State and the total income, that is Mr. BAILEY. I would like to reply to rights of the States. income of everyone in the State of the gentleman from California and ad­ Long ago the people of this country Michigan, added together was not all vise him that he does not need to worry made a very definite .and wise decision created in the Stare of Michigan. Some about the paucity of children in the State that providing for. maintaining, and op­ of that wealth was created in the State of California. I happened to be chair­ erating our schools were public responsi- of Kentucky and in my State escaped man of the subcommittee on education bilities. . taxation, or materially anyway, and ap­ that conducted a survey of the schools One of the speakers preceding me to­ pears in the income of people in the in the interim between the sessions of day has mentioned the needs of the State of Michigan. Therefore it is rea­ t!:4e Eighty-first Congress, and I would South for public-school assistance; and sonable and it is the thing for the Gov­ like to advise the gentleman that in his another has indicated that other sections ernment to do to tax money where it is nearby city .of Los Angeles testimony of this great Nation are not responsible and distribute the revenues where they given to my committee showed that there for the predicament of the South. How­ are needed. were 50,400 boys and girls between the ever, it is my observation that the main Mr. PHILLIPS. Mr. Speaker, will the fust grade and junior high school in Los and foremost reason why the under­ gentleman yield? Angeles County alone on a half-day ses­ privileged sections of the South have Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle­ sion of school I would also like to tell failed to receive Federal assistance in the man from California. . the gentleman that 63 percent of the education of their children is because Mr. PHILLIPS. I am constrained to buildings in Los Angeles are just mere that great area .is within· the borders of make a preliminary statement for ttie shacks; only 37 percent are permanent the United States. I! the people in the gentleman's benefit. He referred to the . buildings. He does not need to wor.ry. underprivileged areas of the United birth rate of California as about 140 per I do not know of any other State in the States were foreigners, they would find 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1273 no difficulty in receiving assistance for mately 60 percent of the people within tion. Do you give it in your State? Do rehabilitation and educational programs: the various States of this country were you give equal opportunity for an educa­ Please remember, gentlemen, that born and reared outside the State. Were tion to all your citizens? only 75 years ago the South was a de­ it not for the trade relations existing Mr. TACKETT. Yes, sir. We have feated, torn, stripped, and desolate area, throughout this great ...:ountry of ours the school equalization plan within my and was being governed by a ruthless whereby New York and the other eastern State of Arkansas, and it was my pleas­ mob. Its armies had been defeated in and northern cities have been able to ure while serving .as a member of the the war of secession, its homes had been obtain so much trade profit from such Arkansas State Legislature to assist in destroyed, its barns burned, its farming States as Arkansas, then New York and the adoption of an equalization program implements and food provisions stolen, other such wealthier States wouid be in which gives to the poorer sections of Ar­ and its livestock driven away. To be no better position to educate her children kansas an equal opportunity for educa­ sure of ~ ts complete destruction, even than we are in the State of Arkansas. tional purposes with those in the wealth­ the open and cultivatable fields were Our unified system of governmental ier sections. ravished with fire. The manufacturing operations between the States and the Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Do you plants and transportation facilities were interstate trade relations a:re such that give it to the colored children? Do you torn asunder. There was no Marshall some educational equalization system give the colored children education in plan and there has never been a point 4 should be enacted which would afford the white schools with white teachers? program for the South; but to be certain the boy and girl in the forks of the creek Mr. TACKETT. I will tell you this, that the South would starve, for 12 years within the poorer areas, an equal oppor­ Mr. HOFFMAN, you and all the other gen­ the people were forced to live under the tunity to prepare themselves for the bat­ tlemen from the North, who are always carpetbag rule of the hellacious recon­ tle of life in this great world of com­ worrying about how the South conducts struction era, wherein what little was petition with the boy and girl in the its business, should know that the colored left after the war was gobbled up by metropolitan areas of the North and boys and girls in Arkansas receive equal these carpetbagging storm troopers. East. educational facilities and possibilities The South is the only people ever de­ Surely you will not contend that the wjth those of the white boys and girls; feated on the battlefields by the United school children residing within the and that the colored teachers receive as States Army who were not later fed, wealthy industrial areas are entitled to much for their services-and in many in­ clothed, and rehabilitated and its plants better educational facilities and possibil­ stances more-than the white teachers. and facilities restored by our Govern­ ities than those of the rural communi- . Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. That is ment. The great southern area of this . ties. Let us take the proposition down fine. You make the statement, and I country by its own boot straps and with to your own local congressional district. assume you included me, about the folks. There would be no thriving towns or of the North sticking their noses into the no outside assistance has been able dur­ cities within any of your districts were business of the southerners. What you ing the short time of 75 years to make do not happen to know is that in the 16 greater gains in every economic under­ it not for the trade relations of the peo­ ple of those areas with at least the local years I have been here I have never once taking than any other section of the rural communities thereabout. The voted for a poll tax bill or for an anti­ United States. I might add that during rural people in those surrounding trade Iynching bill or for the FEPC. any period of time of these 75 years, the areas of your big towns and cities leave Mr. TACKETT. All that is beside the South has made greater advancements with the people of those metropolitan point and has absolutely nothing to do in every phase of our economy than any areas the profits upon trade exchange. with Federal aid to underprivileged other section of this country; but, re­ There are more people with more money schools. member, gentlemen, that we started within your metropolitan areas with Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. In your from nothing and cannot by any stretch which to pay taxes for school purposes State, are colored children permitted to of the imagination be expected to be on than there are in the rural localities attend white schools? They are in equal footing with more fortunate areas. · thereabout. Would you contend that Michigan. The raw product is taken from the those rural people who have by their Mr. TACKETT. No. The colored stu­ South, manufactured in the North and trade made possible the towns and cities, dents do not attend public schools with East, and in turn sold back to us in the are not entitled to equal educational op­ white students, because equal facilities South plus the manufacturer's costs, portunities? are afforded the colored students. I which always amount to the greater por­ Half of the city of Texarkana, Ark.­ might add that where equal school facili­ tion of the over-all profit. I have Tex., is within my congressional district ties with that of the white's are not avail­ always believed that a portion of such of Arkansas. The other half of that city able to colored students, they are af­ profit should be paid to us in the form lies within the State of Texas. Let us forded the opportunity of attending of Federal aid to education for our chil­ suppose that the State of Texas were a schools with white students. For in­ dren. So long as we have the unfair hundred times as rich as it is, and that the stance, there are colored students now and discriminatory freight rates in the State of Arkansas were a hundred times attending the University of Arkansas South-which is nothing less than pay­ poorer than it is. Could it be argued medical and law schools with white stu­ ing reparations-we will never be able that a child living on the Arkansas side dents. to compete with the manufacturing of the city of Texarkana should be de­ I favor Federal-aid-to-education leg­ centers of the East and North; there­ nied equal educational opportunities .islation providing only financial aid, fore, we are certainly entitled to some with his playmate who happened to live leaving the control and fixing of poli­ .· break for the welfare of our respective one block a way on the Texas side of the cies and procedures completely within underprivileged communities. city? Of course not. the discretion of the respective States, to Raising our living and educational Not many of you here today would prohibit the possibility of federalization standards go hand in hand. We don't quibble over educational assistance to of our schools; and I doubt the wisdom expect to always live in a poor State, but foreign countries. Actually, I don't see of a general Federal aid bill covering sec­ will continuously fight for every oppor­ but one present on the minority side of tions of this country wherein the aid tunity to enhance the over-all economic the aisle who would object to it, and and assistance is not needed, but would conditions of our area. It has been sug- that is the gentleman from Michigan be willing for the legislation to be lim­ . gested that the people in Detroit and · [Mr. HOFFMAN]. . ited only to areas in which everything New York, for instance, are not respon­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. That possible has been done to provide ade­ sible for the education of the children re­ does not apply to me. quate school facilities without Federal siding in Arkansas. Children reared in Mr. TACKETT. The gentleman is assistance. Arkansas, or any other State, are not correct. I said that it did not; that you Those suggesting Federal domination denied the fight to at some time in life are the one exception. over State-controlled schools seem to reside in the State of New York or the Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. You are forget that for many years a number of State of Michigan; in fact,. a very small right. I have not voted for that money our school activities, such as the Smith­ percentage of the people in New York to be given a way abroad. Hughes program, agricultural extension or Michigan were born in those States. I would like to ask you this question­ programs, and others have been subsi­ It is . my understanding that approxi- you are talking about equality of educa- dized by the Federal Government, and 1274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS'E · FEBRUARY 14 · yet the Governn1ent has · in no wise at­ sult of World War II, and that we have py some other Members_on the left side tempted to infringe upon the local opera­ already extended the principle of Fed... of the aisle, I can subscribe in principle. tion and direction of these progn.ams in eral aid to take care of situations of that to these bills even though they .difier our educational institutions. kind by the enactment in -the Eighty­ from my own. Among ather things, they Mr. PERKINS. Mr. S.pe-aker, in my :first Congress of Public Law 815, for aire free of Federal control of our schools. State of Kentucky the average teacher's school construction, and Public Law 874, Thee point I am interested in., just as is salary is $1,935, and as a result of the for the maintenance and operation of the gentleman from California, is that defense work mamy teachers aue lea.ving schools in war-impacted school districts. justice be done. The total income of their profession ami the bo.airds of edu­ I know that the situation exists. It ex­ Cmlifmmia for the year 1949 was approxi-. cation are being called upC'n to s1lalff those ists right here in the metropolitan area matel'y $15,232'~000,000. For the same schools \\ith substandard cei:tificated of the District of Columbia where, be­ year our total income in Kentucky was teachers and people who are not trained cause of Federal activities, many chil­ $2,186,000,000. lit is my idea that to kl teach the youth. That is one o"f the dren can. have school for onliY half a measure the nee-cl of the Stat.es on a total rea:s.,ms why I st.ate th.at we need this leg­ day. We do have this condition which ineome basis in relation to the number of islation. is one of our main problems. But this children to be educated is a just way to Mr. AYRES. Mr. S.pealrer' will the Congness has not yet extended that same proceed in this matter. gentleman yield? principle to take care of the rural areas Under my bill, under the Senate bill, Mr. PERKINS. I yield ta the gentle­ and the States where we are spending and under many l:::Jls introduced by other man from Oh.io. a much greaiter percentage of our income M.emhers of the Rouse>, an effort formula Mr. AYRES. It seems to me tl1l.rut most than the national average for our public is puovided; the State> must make a cer­ of the Staites. being cfrscussed lllere s.0 far schools, aind we are just letting that tain effort and if they do not maike that as ednca.tion i& canc-errred.. aJfect q, home situation go by. e:fIDrt they get less Federal money. They town of AkrOill, Ohio. I toonk the gen­ Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, will the decide for themselves. tleman from Kentucky, the gentleman gentleman yield? M11. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. from West Vi111giniai, a.md tllle geu."tlemain Mr. PE.SKINS. I yield. Speaker, will the gentlemain yield? from Arkainsms fo11 having come :lfuom Mr. ElmSHAW. I think the gentle­ Mr. PERKINS. I yield. States that ha;~ b.een so prolific be-cause man has a very good point. I think that Mr HOFFMAN of Michigan. If I un­ so maniY of their people bave mrgnroted to we in California perhaps appreciate his derst.ood the gentleman correctly h~ Akron, Ohio. :En fact Akron is com­ paint more than some other States be­ stated that the degree of aid from the monly known as the capitail oft West Vir­ cause we have received s0 many people Fader.al Government should be on the ginia. from so many di:fferent parts of the basis of the income of the respective Mr. PERKINS. l thank th~ gentle­ United States, including that represent­ State.S. man for his c& better than some others that the Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Under Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle­ degree of education and tlie quality of that theory if the pe.ople in one State man from California. . education varies because we do get peo­ worked harder and earned more then Mr. HINSHAW!. 1i listened ai moment ple from tho.se other States when their they would have to help educate the chil­ ago to a diReussiCJ.n of tl'le situation in families have moved to California. dren of the people. in another State-who calif<:>rnia with respect to the scho0:Is and I think the principal objection most of just sat around. or went fishing. it occurred to me that with the inc11ease us have had to the matter of legislation MI:. PER.K:LNS. Does no.t the gentle­ in population of some 56 pe1ic.ent in the which has been proposed so far is that man come frpreciate what the gentleman has The gentleman's argument was that if could not build the buildings fast enough. to say, and· I for one would be glad to youmade more moliley in Kentucky than Then a thi:ird shillit in the traiining of vote for a bill for aid to only those States we did in Michigan yau should help us wo-rkers for the various skills WaJS re­ which we-re. unable to help themselves. carry on our educaitio.nal program even quired, princ.ipall'y in the aiircraif.t fac­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ though we sat around or went hunting tories, and so forth; and it was a vetty d:if­ tleman from Kentucky has expired. and fishing and was_ted our time; the :ft:mlt problem. We are getting out of it Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Sp.e3tker, I ask gentleman would still help educate us. and in due coU1!se. we will have an 0f our unanimous consent to piroceed for four That is his argument. new buildings btlilt. The buildin-gs which additional minutes. Mr. PERKINS. My idea is this: If the were bnilt prior to that time are of the The SPEAKER. The Chair would re­ State of Michigan makes a greater e:ffort higlrest quailf1!y and are earthquake.­ mind th-e gentleman that there are other and spends a greater percentage of its proof, as ne-ar as possible to m.a;lre them. specia.l orders; the gentleman from total income far ed'ucatfonal purposes in So, while we app1recirub the remamks of Michigan has a special 0rder following the public · elementary and secondary tbe gentleman from Wes~ Virginia, we him. schools in the State, and that does not also appreciate that he does not know Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. provide the children of Michigan with a what he is- talking about as far as; Cali­ Speaker, I have no objection. fair chance to get a basic education, then fornia is concerned. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there we of Kentucky should help the people of Mr. PERKI!NS. I want to thaink the objection to the request of the gentle­ the State of Michigan. gentleman. T knW that the huilding man from Kentucky? problem is one of th.e grea..t problems There was no objection. ELECTION TO COMLMITTEE ON EXPENDI­ facing tb.e school people of this Nation Mr. PERKINS. May I say in reply to TURES IN , THE EXECUTIVE DEPART­ to.day. I b.elie:ve that the gentleman the gentleman from California that in MENTS from Califprnia will a;gre.-e that part of all these bills that I am familiar with, Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I offer the trouble in California has oeem caused particularly the one I introduced, H. R. a resolution United States Army, dated De­ JONES of Alabama) was given permis­ Mr. FISHER asked and was given per­ cember 22, 1950, submitting a report, to­ sion to extend his remarks and include mission to extend his remarks and in­ gether with accompanying papers, on a pre­ extraneous matter. clude a speech. liminary examination of Steinhatchee and Mr. REES of Kansas ·asked and was Fenholloway Rivers, Fla., authorized by the Mr. HINSHAW asked and was given Flood Control Act approved on June '30, 1948; given permission to extend his remarks permission to extend his remarks in two to the Committee on Public Works. and include an editorial. · instances and include certain material . 206. ·A letter from the Secretary of the Mr. WITHROW asked and was given ~n tabular form also articles. Army, transmitting a letter from the Chief permission to extend. his remarks and Qf Engineers, United S~ates Army; dated De­ include a brief prayer. Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL asked cember 18, 1950, submitting .. a report, to­ Mr. McCC''RMACK asked and was and was given permission to extend his gether with accompanying papers, on a given permission to extend his remarks remarks. review of reports on the Ohio River, with a , and include an article in reference to Mr. RANKIN (at the request of Mr. view to fiood protection along Wheeling Creek TACKETT) was given permission to ex­ and Little Wheeling Creek at and in the the evacuation of Bostori by the British vicinity of Wheeling, W. Va., requested by a on Mar~h 17, 177 6, including footnotes. tend his remarks and include extraneous resolution of the Committee on Public Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I matter. Works, House of Representatives, adopted on ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ Mr. McKINNON asked and was given July 22, 1947; to the Committee on Public marks in the RECORiD and include a ·ver­ permission to extend his remarks and in­ Works. batim report of imprompt~ interven­ clude additional material. 207. A letter from the Secretary of the tion of Philippine Foreign Secretary Army, transmitting a le.tter from the Chief Carlos P. Romulo during debate on ADJOURNMENT of Engineers, United States Army, dated De­ cember 26, 1950, submitting a report, together cease-fire in Korea before the United Mr. TACKETT. Mr. Speaker, I move with accompanying papers, on a review of Nations Political and Security Commit­ that the House do now adjourn. report on the Mississippi River between Coon tee, January 22, 1951. We all remember The motion was agreed to; according­ Rapids Dam and the mouth of the Ohio General Romulo served in this body with ly (at 3 o'clock and 7 minutes ·p. m.) the River,, and other reports, with a view to im­ great distinction. All of us who served provements for fiood control and drainage House adjourned until tomorrow, Thurs­ on the Fox River, Iowa and Mo., at this with him will always remember him and day, February 15, 1951, at 12 o'clock his outstanding ability as well as his fine time·, with particular reference to improve­ noon. ments in Van Buren Covnty, Iowa, requested personality and his great depth of by a resolution of the Committee on Flood knowledge. I ask unanimous consent EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Control, House of Representatives, adopted also that this be inserted in the Ap­ on July 23, 1946; to the Committee on Public pendix of the RECORD notwithstanding Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive Works. the fact it may run over the amount al­ communications were taken from the 208. A letter from the Assistant Secretary lowed by the rule. Speaker's table and referred as follows: of the Interior, transmitting a detailed list The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of the lands exchanged pursuant to the act 198. A letter from the Secretary of Com­ of June 14, 1926 (44 Stat. 741; 43 U.S. C., sec. the request of the gentleman.from Mas­ merce, transmitting the thirty-eighth an­ 869); to the Committee on Interior and In­ sachusetts? nual report of the Secretary of Commerce, sular Affairs. There was no objection. for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1950; to 209. A letter from the Deputy Attorney Mr. BYRNE of New York asked and the Committee on Interstate and Foreign General, transmitting recommendations for was given permission to extend his re- Commerce. the enactment· of legislation to clarify the 1276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 14 provisions of section 8 of the Immigration which may act as counsel in the presenta­ By Mr. BONNER: Act of February 5, 1917; to the Committ ee tion of certain claims, and for ot her pur­ H. R. 2662. A bill for the relief of Mrs. on the Judiciary. poses; to the Committee on Veterans' Af­ Thelm a A. Nolen; to the Committee on the fairs. Judiciary. H. R. 2652. A bill to include certain addi­ By Mr. BUSBEY: PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS tional veterans' organizat ions among the H. R. 2663. A bill for the relief of Danilo Under clause 2 of rule XXII, public veterans' organizations which may be recog­ Kozarski; to the Committee on the Judi­ bills and resolutions were introduced.and nized by the Administr11-t or of Veterans' Af­ ciary. severally referred as follows: fairs; to the Committee on Veterans' Af­ By Mr. DOLLINGER: fairs. H. R . 2664. A bill for the relief ot Mrs. By Mr. ADAffi (by request): By Mr. MURPHY: Freda Seltzer Siegel; to the Committee on H. R. 2640. A bill to amend Veterans Regu­ H. R. 2653. A bill to amend the act of June the Judiciary. lat ion No. 1 (a), as amended, to authorize 16, 1938, to except salvage vessels from cer­ By Mr. HAVENNER: for persons who served in the Armed ·Forces tain provisions of the act of June 16, 1938; H. R. 2665. A bill for the relief of Mrs. additional compensation on account of dis­ to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Virginia Dalla Rosa Prati and her minor son, figurement; to the Committee on Veterans' Fisheries. Rolando Dalla Rosa Prati; to the Committee Aff airs. By Mr. REED of New York: on the Judiciary. By Mr. HART: H. R. 2654. A bill to amend section 10 of H. R. 2666. A bill for the relief of Glen G. H. R. 2641. A bHl to revise, consolidate, Public Law 378, Eighty-first Congress; to the Wetsel and others; to the Committee on the and codify the navigation laws relating to Committee on Ways and Means. Judiciary. admeasuremen.t, documentation, entry, By Mr. BOW: By Mr. HELLER: clearance, coastwise trade, foreign trade, and H. R. 2655. A bill to authorize the erection H. R. 2667. A bill for the relief of Zoltan Un ited States fisheries, and for other pur­ of an Alaska Native Service hospital at Ruttner and Mrs. Edith Ruttner; to the i:oses; to the Committee on Merchant Ma­ Bethel, Alaska; to the Committee on Interior Committee on the Judiciary. rin e and Fisheries. and Insular Affairs. By Mr. HILLIN GS: By Mr. JONES of Alabama: By Mr. McGUIRE: H. R. 2668. A bill for the relief of Robert H. R. 2642. A bill to amend the Bankhead­ H . R . 2656. A bill to amend section 32 (a) E. Halbert and Kenneth H . McComb; to the Jones Farm Tenant Act so as to provide a (2) of the Trading With the Enemy Act; to Committee on the Judiciary. more effective distribution of mortgage loans the Committee on Interstate and Foreign By Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan: insured under title I, to give holders of such Commerce. H. R. 2669. A bill for the relief of Maria mortgage loans preference in the refinancing By Mr. SAYLOR: Sarandrea; to the Committee on the Judi- of loans on a noninsured basis, to adjust the H. R. 2657. A bill relating to the operation ciary. loan limitations governing title II loans so by the United States of plants, mines, and By Mr. KEE: as to provide more effective assistance to facilities involved in labor disputes and to H. R. 2670. A bill for the relief of Chakib production and subsistence loan borrowers, the terms and conditions of agreements ter­ Kassem Aboul-Hosn; to the Committee on and for other purposes; to the Committee on minating such disputes; to the Committee the J u diciary. Agriculture. on Education and Labor. By Mr. KENNEDY (by request): By Mr. MURDOCK: By Mr." SMITH of Virginia: H. R. 2671. A bill for the relief of Dr. Pana­ H. R . 2643. A bill to consolidate the Parker H. R. 2658. A bill to amend the Selective giotis Darviris; to the· Committee on the Dam power project and the Davis Dam Service Act of 1948, as amended; to the Com­ Judiciary. project; to the Committee on Interior and mittee on Armed Services. By Mr. MARTIN of Iowa: Insular Affairs. By Mr. ANFUSO: H . R. 2672. A bill for the relief of the law By Mr. MURDOCK (by request) : H. R. 2659. A bill to create the position of fl.rm of Harrington & Graham; to the Com­ H. R. 2644. A bill to revise the Organic Act mail handler in cha.rge in the Postal Trans­ mittee on the Judiciary. of the Virgin Islands of the United States; portation Service; to the Committee on Post By Mr. MORANO: to the Committee on Interior and Insular Office and Civil Service. H. R. 2673. A bill for the relief of Pericles Affairs. By Mr. McKINNON: G. Callimanopoulos and his family; to the By Mr. YATES: H.J. Res. 163. Joint resolution granting Committee on the Judiciary. H. R . 2645. A bill to amend the penalty By Mr. PATTERSON: provisions applicable to persons convicted of the consent of Congress to joinder of the United States in suits in the United States H. R. 2674. A bill for the relief of Antonio violating certain narcotic laws, and for other Ferreira de Brito and Joao Pereira Leal; to purposes; to the Committee on Ways and Supreme Court for adjudication of Claims the Committee on the Judiciary~ Means. to waters of the Colorado River system avail­ able for use in the lower Colorado River By Mr. SHEPPARD: By Mrs. BOSONE: H. R. 2675. A bill for the relief of Shige­ H. R. 2646. A bill to facilitate the develop­ Basin; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. RANKIN: matsu Takeyasu; to the Committee on the ment of small reclamation projects; to the Judiciary. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. H. J. Res. 164. Joint resolution to provide for placing in the House Chamber, in lieu By Mr. TOWE: By Mr. HOWELL: H. R. 2676. A bill for the relief of Andrijana H. R. 2647. A bill to fix the personnel of certain plaques recently placed therein, plaques bearing portraits of individuals oc­ Bradicic; to the Committee on the Judiciary. strength of the United States Marine Corps, By Mr. BUCKLEY: and to make the Commandant of the Ma­ cupying places of honor and distinction in H. R. 2677. A bill for the relief of Giuseppe rine Corps a permanent member of the United States history; to the Committee on House Administration. Racanelli; to the C9r:mittee on the Judiciary. Joint Chiefs of Staff; to the Committee on By Mr. WALTER: Armed Services. H. Con. Res. 62. Concurrent resolution fa­ By Mr. CELLER: MEMORIALS voring the grant of status of permanent resi­ H. R. 2648. A bill to require the establish­ dence to certain aliens; to the Committee on ment of congressional districts composed of Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memo­ the Judiciary. contiguous and compact territories in the rials were presented and referred as By Mr. BYRNE of New York: election of Representatives, and for other follows: · purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. Res. 135. Resolution for the relief of Mrs. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ Rosaria Cusimano; to the Committee on the By Mr. FURCOLO (by request) : Judiciary. H. R. 2649. A bill to include certain ad­ lature of the Territory of Alaska, relative to ditional veterans' organizations among the the Taiya hydroelectric power project in organizations whose accredited representa­ southeast Alaska; to the Committee on In­ PETITIONS, ETC. tives and claim agents may assist veterans terior and Insular Affairs. and their dependents under the National Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Service Life Insurance Act of 1940 and the and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk World War Veterans' Act of 1924; to the Com­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS and referred as follows: mittee on Veterans' Affairs. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private 49. By Mr. PUSH: Petition of the Rotary H. R. 2650. A bill to amend section 200 of bills and resolutions were introduced and Club of Muncy, Pa., petitioning the State and the Servicemen's Readjustment Act ·of 1944 severally referred as follows: Federal Governments fo immediate action so as to specify the veterans' organizations in the construction of :flood-control devices which may present claims under laws admin­ By Mr. ADDONIZIO: in the valley of the West Branch of the Sus­ istered by the Veterans' Administration, and H. R : 2660. A bill for the relief of William quehanna River; to the Committee on Public for other purposes; to the Committee on Vet­ J. Popaca; to the Committee on Post Office Works. erans' Affairs. and Civil Service. 50. By Mr. GOODWIN: Resolution of Mas­ H. R. 2651. A bill to amend section 301 of H. R. 2661. A bill for the relief of Mario sachusetts Veterans' Service Agents Associa­ the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 Farabullini and Alla Farabullini, his wife; tion, urging the enactment of House bill 299; so as to specify t h e veterans' organizations to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committ ee on Veterans' Affairs.