2084 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-l{OUSE MARCH 7. the general manpower problem. At the end DISTRICT or CoLU114BIA INFLATION of that 10-day period the Department o! F. Joseph Donohue, of the District of Co• ~- Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanl­ Defense finally, at the urging of the chair~ man of this committee, brought forth a bill, lumbia, to be a Commissioner of the District mous consent to extend my remarks at at which time it was announced on the of Columbia for a term of S years, and until this point in the RECORD. fioor of the Senate, and in the committee. his successor ts appointed and qua.lifted. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to that this bill would be introduced by re­ PoSTMAsTERs the request of the gentleman from quest. We have taken testimony on that CALIFORNIA Florida? bill, introduced by request, since that time. Meryl G. Adams, Acton. There was no objection. It is true that the American Legion and • !Amelia B. Peirsol, Camino. Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, we are all the veterans' organizations have come here ~ < Margaret :J:. Higgins, El Granada. against infiatictn, but nothing etiective is and testified on this bill, introduced as an ' i Robert F. Osmann, F.scondido. being done about it. Now let us quit kid- amendment by request, and have embraced \ . James B. Michener, Geyserville. t 'nfl t' it and endorsed it, but we have never left ·: . Glen R. Brewington, Los Alamos. ding ourselves. We have go 1 a ion, the impression or never intended to or never , Milton I. F.spenshade, Jr., Mather Field. and instead of the vigorous use of exist- wanted to convey the information to the Ellis c. Allsop, Maywood. ing machinery to stop it, we seem to be country that we were holding hearings on Jeremy A. Gregory, Muroc. using that machinery to guarantee con- the original S. 1. Sidney s. Tucker, Paso Robles. tinued price increases. We have not Senator MALONE. Mr. Chairman, I am sure Nelson F. Smith, Petaluma. frozen prices. We have frozen inflation. that you, the chairman, had never had any Everett M. Fisher, Rio Linda. If the people in Economic Stabilization idea of any misrepresentation; but I will call Virgil M. Rtngue, South San Francisco. need to have their nerves steeled in or- to the attention of the chairman that the Fred J. Ishoy, Sunnymead. Russell-Malone universal military training Kenneth R. Rudisill, Tulelake. der to properly do their job, I suggest bill was introduced on the first day bills were . Odessa M. Love, Tupman. that they get out and talk to the people, accepted on the Senate :floor, and was before · William D. Thornton, Watsonville. the housewives who see prices going up, this committee from the beginning before . James v. Breen, Willits." up, up; the wage earners who try week any hearings were started, but the Marshall­ iowA after week to stretch their incomes to Rosenberg bill was immediately substituted and no hearings were ever held on the Rus­ Wallace w. Koestner, Centerville. cover bare necessities; those in the fixed- sell-Malone b111. Thomas G. Clifford, Charlotte. income brackets who are falling behind Vertle DeVerne Lugar, Derby. with their bills a little more each month. NOT IN ACCORD WITH THE SUBSTITUTE Roger E. Klay, Hull. Inflation is no toy. It is i!-S deadly as Mr. Chairman, II considered it important to Richard D. Claus, Plymouth. the threat of Russian bullets, perhaps clarify the matter from my own personal standpoint, and to say that I am not in ac­ MINNESOTA deadlier. We have got to quit playing cord with the bill upon which hearings are Donald E. Cummings, Spring Valley. with the idea of inflation control before now being held. William H. Schaefer, Warren. it is too late. Economic stability is the The committee, of course, may, if it so PENNSYLVANIA key to American security. We are letting desires, revert to the original Russell-Ma­ it slip away from us. Wa~ren E. Horrocks, Blooming Glen. lone universal military training bill, which James H. Taylor, Sr., Canton. Congress, whose Members live close to the veterans of this Nation have supported John J. Fox, Ivyland. the people,. saw this threat and tried in principle for 25 years. Edgar S. Husband, Jr., Lansdowne. earnestly last summer to avoid infiatio_n. Mr. Chairman, since the principle of S. 1, John H. Reuther, Muncy. The administration refused to adopt the which I joined in introducing, has been Mary R. Vincent!, Plainsville. changed from a trained citizens' reserve curbs which would at that time have been John C. Hess, Three Springs. etiective. Curbs then would have hurt a army to a professional Army status, and Thomas G. Wilt, Woolrich. that 18-year-old boys are to be inducted for few people, but they would have averted 27 months' actual service plus 69 months' this thing which now hurts everybody. Reserve status, instead of a 4 to 6 months' The Government still has the power to training period, and then left at home until stop inflation. It will not be easy, and actually needed, I felt constrained to appear HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the present half measures will make it in opposition to it. more difficult. But we are facing ruin The bill under consideration by the sub­ WEDNESDAY, MARCH 7, 1951 committee· is not the Russell-Malone univer­ unless someone accepts the responsibility sal military training bill represented in S. 1, The House met at 12 o'clock noon. of clamping down, and clamping down but it is the Marshall-Rosenberg bill sup­ The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Bras- hard. ported by the State Department. kamp, D. D., otiered the following prayer: IV-F SCANDAL Senator JOHNSON. Thank you a lot, sir. Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Senator MALONE. Thank you very much. O Thou who art the counselor and Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I companion of our souls we rejoice that tend my remarks at this point in the wish to take this opportunity to express daily we may bring our fears and hopes RECORD. and longings to Thy listening ear and to the distinguished minority leader my understanding heart. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to appreciation for his good work, coopera­ the request of the gentleman from Penn­ tion, and help in working out the unani­ Grant that in all our duties we may have ThY help; in all our temptations sylvania? mous-consent agreement on the unfin­ Thy restraining and conquering power; There was no objection. ished business. in all our dangers Thy protection; in all Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr: Mr. WHERRY. I thank the majority our doubts and uncertainties Thy guid­ Speaker, is there an IV-F scandal? The leader. He has my cooperation at all ing presence ; in all our sorrows and trials current issue of Cosmopolitan magazine times. 'I'hY sustaining grace; in all our sins Thy tells its reading public that there is such RECESS forgiveness. a scandal, in an article which states that less than 25 percent of men between 19 Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I We pray that we may appreciate more fully that Thou hast placed at our dis­ and 26 are able to get into the armed move that the Senate stand in recess un­ posal the inexhaustible resources of Thy services. What is wrong with the policy til 12 o'clock noon tomorrow. grace and that no blessing wilt Thou of the armed services in recruiting and The motion was agreed to; and Illinois? imous consent to extend my remarks at Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ There was no objection. this point in the RECORD. formed that the extension granted me by Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, when The SPEAKER. Is there objection to unanimous consent on yesterday will ex­ President Truman invited the Ways and the request of the gentleman from Ohio? ceed two pages of the RECORD and that Means Committee to the White House to There was no objection. the cost is estimated to be $266.50 . .Not­ discuss the budget with him, he present­ withstanding that fact, I ask unanimous Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, on several ed his budget of $71,600,000,000, said it occasions in the past I have referred to consent that it be printed. was the absolute minimum needed to op­ The SPEAKER. Without objection, the inequities in connection with the erate the Government for next year, and drafting of servicemen who happen to notwithstanding the cost, the extension · challenged the committee to show him may be made. be in the inactive Ueserves. This morn­ where it could be reduced. Answering ing I received a letter from t;he wife of a . ~here was no objection. that challenge, the writer said: serviceman that leads me to believe that SCHOOL LANDS IN ALASKA Mr. President, the second item in the the military are mishandling their re­ Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Speaker, I ask budget is $7,500,000,000 for international aid. sponsibilities. I have confirmed the Senator BYRD says that can be cut in half, facts stated in the letter and will appre- · unanimous consent to extend my re­ and I agree with Senator BYRD. marks at this point in the RECORD. ciate the Members of this body exerting· · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The President then intimated that what pressure they can to see that such the request of the gentleman from commitments had been made covering inequities are stopped. It is appalling Alaska? that amount that must be honored. to me to realize that a soldier will be There was no objection. Where does the burden of proof rest shipped into a combat area for combat Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Speaker, I am concerning budget reductions, upon the duty when his training consists of noth­ today introducing a bill which, if enacted people or upon the Government? ing more than having fired the M-1 rifle into law, would prevent use of school Should not the burden of proof rest upon approximately 42 rounds. If this is the lands in Alaska for private as opposed the Government and its departments? type of training our boys are receiving to public int~rest. Each item of expense should be justified before being sent into combat duty I do I hope the bill will be acted upon for retention in the budget by the de­ speedily. not know how the military has the nerve partment that proposes to spend it-and to ask us to turn every 18-year-old boy Back in 1915 two sections in every a previous commitment unauthorized by township in Alaska were reserved for the in this country over to them. Congress should not be considered a jus­ The letter referred to is as follows: support of the common schools of the tication. Territory. Such reservation was effec­ On January 29, 1951, my husband was in­ tive upon completion of surveys. The Mr. Gpeaker, the following are budget ducted by Portage County Draft Board, 100, law provided that the land could be items that can and should be reduced: Ravenna, Ohio. He was sent to Fort Knox, leased for agricultural and related pur­ First. The Government has nothing of Ky., and assigned to Company C, Forty­ its own to lend. It can make loans only :fifth Armored Medical Battalion, Reserve poses. In 1939 it was amended and Command, Third Armored Division, Fort broadened to make possible leasing of after getting the money from the people Knox, Ky. February 12, 1951, he was sent to these school lands for the timber and in taxes. Yet the Government lends Fort Knox General Hospital for 5 days. Prior minerals they contained. The 1915 act $2,500,000,000 a year, some of it-RFC to his hospitalization he had no infantry specifically provided that land upon sur­ loans, for instance-not very wisely. basic training. He was discharged from the vey found to be mineral in character On this item alone we can easily save hospital February 16 and he received his should not go to the Territory, but this special orders that same day, dated Febru­ $1,250,000,000. ary 15, 1951. Paragraph 107, ·une 7: He will was changed with the 1939 amendment Second. The President proposes in his proceed to Fort Lawton, Wash., for Far East and the mining laws of the United States budget to spend $540,000,000 for public command, March shipment. He fired the were extended to such lands. works next year. During World War II M-1 rifle approximately 42 rounds and that In the great growth and development constituted his training. He had never be­ of Alaska which has taken place during public-~rks expenditures were reduced fore fired this rifie. recent years gravel has become impor­ to $80,000,000 per year. We can and Superintendent of the Kent division of tant and valuable. In one school section should reduce public-works expenditures the Erie Railroad, Mr. R. H. Lewis, requested near Anchorage, the largest community for next year to World War II level at a deferment--rejected. in the Territory, a lease arrangement least, and thus save $460,000,000. PEANUT ACREAGE ALLOTMENTS AND made for the benefit of the Territorial Third. In the field of Federal grants MARKETING QUOTAS common school fund has been dis­ and subsidies of all kinds there is room Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, turbed.by mining claims being staked out for wholesale reductions. Grants-in-aid by direction of the Committee on Rules, on this school section. Whether or not to States, cities, and private groups such staking will be sustained in court I call up House Resolution 148 and ask amount each year to between $3,000,000,- for its immediate consideration. remains to be seen. If it is, then the 000 and $4,000,000,000, and subsidies of gravel which is conservatively valued at The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ various kinds amount to another billion lows: $2,000,000 will go to private individuals dollars. In this field alone a reduction of instead of to the Territorial government, Resolved, That immediately upon the as was intended. Enactment of my bill $2,500,000,000 can easily be made. adoption of this resolution it shall be in would prevent any recurrence of that in Fourth. Then comes the inefficiency, order to move that the House resolve itself the future. the duplication and overlapping of Gov­ into the Committee of the Whole House on ernment activities, the red tape, and the the State of the Union for the consideration Public feeling in Alaska is worked up of the bill (H. R. 2615) to amend the Agri­ to a high pitch by what has been done. dead timber among Federal employees. cultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended. It is felt that the public good has been Here, according to the Hoover reports That after general debate, which shall be endangered by the desire for private and Senator BYRD'S recommendations, at confined to the bill and continued not to gain. I want to suggest to those who have least another $2,000,000,000 can be saved. exceed 1 hour, to be equally divided and con­ staked this land that ihe proper thing All told, therefore, we can and should trolled by the chairman and ranking minor­ for them to do is to relinquish their reduce the President's budget about as ity member of the Committee on Agricul­ claims with.out further controversy. ture the bill shall be read for amendment follows: und~r the 5-minute rule. At the conclusion Such action would be applauded and is . International aid ______$3, 750, 000, 000 of the consideration of the bill for amend­ the only right th.ing to do. Government loans______1, 250, 000, 000 ment, the Committee shall rise and report WE ACCEFT THE PRESIDENT'S Public works______500, 000, 000 the bill to the House with such amendments CHALLENGE Grants-in-aid and subsi· as may have been adopted and the previous dies------2,500,000,000 question shall be considered as ordered on Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Payroll inefficiency------2, 000, 000, 000 the bill and amendments thereto to final unanimous consent to extend my re­ passage without intervening motion except marks at this point in the RECORD. Total reduction ______10 ,000, 000, 000 one motion to recommit. 2086 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 7 Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, Second. E. Merl Young, one of the that it contains extremely damaging I yield 30 minutes to the gentleman from Missouri boys. In the short space of 11 criticism of those who accept and profit Illinois [Mr. ALLEN]. years he rose from a humble $1,080-a- · by the principle of government by crony. Mr. Speaker, I have no requests for year job to an admitted income of One might expect that the Chief Execu­ time on this side of the aisle and I know $28,000 a year as an omcer of two com­ tive would welcome such disclosures in of no opposition to the rule. I wonder panies which received RFC loans. His order that he might take immediate if the gentleman from Illinois would care wife, a long-time employee of Senator remedial action to rid his official family to use now such time as he may desire. and President Harry Truman, is now a of those who would traffic in favor and Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, White House secretary and received a influence at public expense. On the con­ I know of no opposition on this side to $9,500 mink coat paid for by Joseph trary, it appears that almost the surest the rule, either. Rosenbaum, Washington attorney, who, way to guarantee one's continuance in I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman Senate investigators were told, had two office is for him to get into some trouble from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN]. RFC directors "in his hip pocket." Wit­ for which he is criticized in the press. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. nesses before the Fulbright committee Nor is it a conclusive and satisfactory Speaker, in the morning press the state­ investigating Young's status as an "in­ answer to criticism of public officials to ment inadvertently, no doubt, created fluence boy" on RFC loans testified that contend even successfully that they have the impression that I wrote the minority Young said at various times that the done nothing illegal. The people have·a report on the President's Reorganization President was his uncle. Young went right to expect from public servants a Plan No. 1. A factual and a convincing from his $1,080-a-year job to the RFC higher standard of moral and ethical report has been filed. It was sigried by and finally to a $7,193-a-year job in that conduct in the performance of their all the minority members of the com­ agency before he left to become an om­ duties than mere legality. Perhaps not mittee. The report was, with the assist­ cial of the Lustron Corp. and the Jacobs all of the White House favorites and ance of some other Members of the mi­ Corp., of Detroit, both RFC borrowers. cronies are lawbreakers. Some are. nority, drafted by and in the omce of Third. Maj. Gen. Harry Vaughan, the But others have used their infiuence to our colleague from Michigan [Mr. President's military aide. He used his obtain for themselves or friends favors MEADER]. Whatever credit is deserved White House omce to exert influence in or financial awards which are directly because of the excellence of that report various Government departments, par­ attributable to their positions and do not should be given to the gentleman from ticularly ·the Agriculture Department rest on intrinsic merit. • l Michigan [Mr. MEADER] and those who and the Defense Department. He ce­ As a result of the President's attitude; assisted him. mented his position with Truman admin­ the question naturally arises what steps Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, istration "big shots" by presenting them the Congress could take with propriety I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from with Deep Freeze equipment. He could looking toward corrective measures to New York [Mr. KEATING]. not find an American girl competent to restore public respect for the Executive be his private and confidential secretary Office of the President. . 1 LET US TRY TO KEEP THE WHITE HOUSE WHITB at the White House and so the adminis­ To that end, I have today introduced a. Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, what­ tration had a special law adopted by House resolution authorizing and direct­ ever our views may be regarding the Congress to grant residence to an alien ing the Committee on the Judiciary or a present occupant of the White House, we to serve in that capacity. subcommittee thereof to conduct an in­ would all agree that the exalted office of Fourth. John Maragon, close friend of quiry, make findings, and make such the President of the United States is de­ General Vaughan's. He had a special legislative recommendations as the com­ serving of the utmost respect. It is seri­ White House pass and parking permit in mittee may deem proper with regard to ous to have the people of the country lose the early days of the Truman adminis­ the following matters: confidence in their chosen leadership. tration and is now under a jail sentence First. What standards of morality or Infinitely mm;e serious is it when they for denying under oath to a Senate com­ ethics, if any, have been established for lose respect for that leadership. mittee that he was a Washington "fixer.;' the personnel employed in the Executive Recent revelations about influence Fifth. Edward F. Prichard, Jr., the omce of the President? I peddling by White House attaches and farmer wonder boy of the White House Second. If none have been established, their cronies, brought out not by political staff. He was assistant to James F. what steps can properly be taken by the adversaries but by members of the Pres­ Byrnes and Fred M. Vinson when they Congress to insure that action be taken' ident's own party, are bound to bring the were economic stabilizers with a White without delay to lay down moral and office into disrepute. House office, and has just served a jail ethical standards to govern the conduct To conduct a roll call or, perhaps more term for stumng ballot boxes in his home of White House employees at all levels? appropriately, a line-up of some of the · State of Kentucky. His term was Third. If standards of moral and White House favorites is not an inspir­ shortened through direct intervention by ethical conduct have been established, 1 ing task. Thus, we have, to cite a few: President Truman, and he was paroled what action has been taken to enforce First. Donald Dawson, the Presiden­ in December 1950. the maintenance of those standards? t' tial assistant in charge of personnel. Sixth. Brig. Gen. Wallace H. Graham, Fourth. If no action or insufficient ac­ He was formerly an RFC official and his the President's personal physician. tion has been taken in that regard, what wife is now in charge of files of the lend­ When people were hungry and starving can Congress properly do to assist the ing agency. The Fulbright committee throughout the world and when the Chief Executive in restoring morality and in an official report said that Dawson United States Government was buying ethics to the White House staff? 1 "exercised considerable influence over food to send overseas, General Graham, Fifth. What revision of the statutes of certain of the directors of the RFC." with White House knowledge and from the United States, if any, is necessary to Senator FULBRIGHT revealed March 5 his White House office, speculated in give effect to the :findings and recom­ that Donald Dawson was a guest on a food on the commodity exchanges in this mendations of the commitee with rela­ complimentary basis at the luxurious country at a handsome profit. tion to the foregoing? Saxony Hotel at Miami Beach, Fla., on The cloud which these men, now or Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, three different occasions in December of formerly surrounding the present White I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from 1949 and March and April 1950. The House occupant, have cast over the Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN]. Saxony Hotel is owned by George Sax, Executive omce of the President could at Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, this bill the punch-board king of the country, the once be dispelled if President Truman to fix the acreage of peanuts is dan.. punch-board business enjoying a take of would immediately repudiate and, if now gerous legislation. It is another step in about a billion dollars a year. The Sax­ employed, discharge those faithless to the regi,mentation of the American ony Hotel received a loan from the RFC their trust. The trouble is that he gives farmers by a gang of crackpots in the of $1,500,000 in May of 1949. When no evidence of a disposition to follow Department of Agriculture who do not Dawson was the guest of the Saxony such a forthright course. know what they are doing. Hotel . on a complimentary basis, the It is not encouraging to those who We are just now realizing the rack­ Hotel Saxony Enterprises, Inc., was ne­ crave good government to hear a care­ eteering that has been going on in the gotiating with RFC to secure the relax­ fully documented report by a responsible RFC all these years. The American peo­ ation of certain of the conditions of a congressional committee characterized ple are shocked. They will be shocked loan agreement. as asinine for no other reason except more when they realize that you are 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOU:SE 2087 turning over to some bureaucrat the legislation. I am opposed to it, and I amount such persons should be per­ power to tell the American farmers shall fight it to the last ditch. I am mitted to earn and not forfeit their whether or not they can raise peanuts in opposed to giving the Department of monthly social-security benefits. their State, and if so, how much acreage Agricuiture the right to again stamp the According to the Social Security Ad­ they can grow. little cotton farmer into the dust. It is ministration, I have been advised under They are getting ready to do the same about time the Congress got back to the date of February 26, 1951, that the num­ thing with the cotton farmers. Last Constitution and quit putting this kind ber of individuals receiving earned bene­ year, over my protest, they regimented of legislation on the statute books that fits for the month of January 1951 for the cotton farmers and fixed their acre­ will eventually wreck this Republic if the different types of benefits under the age. That was one of the greatest out­ kept up. Federal old-age and survivors insurance rages ever perpetrated against the small Thomas Jefferson warned us against program were as follows: farmer. They limited his acreage in just such a program. some cases to 3 % acres. The men who The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ umber did that would not, in all probability, Type of benefit of bene­ Average tleman from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] ficiaries benefit know a cotton stalk from a cocklebur has expired. or a boll weevil from a bumblebee, but -Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, Old -age _____ ------1, 850, 207 $43. 55 they drove many of our little farmers I yield such time as he may desire to the Wife's or husband's ______532, 187 23. 45 from their fields, because in some of the gentleman from ·Pennsylvania [Mr. VAN C~ild' s ______:- __ ---,---- _--- ___ _ 715, 138 27. 55 W1dow 1s or widowers ______319, 472 36. 51 sandy-land counties you could hardly ZANDT]. Mother's ______------______173, 354 34.11 make a bale of cotton on 3 % acres. Parent's ______------______14, 877 36.67 Those little farmers could not raise HIGH COST OF LIVING AND SHORTAGE OF MAN­ iPOWER MAKES FURTHER AMENDMENT OF THE To taL------~ ------3, 605,"235 enough cotton to pay their taxes. They SOCIAL SECURITY ACT IMPERATIVE simply regimented the farmers. That is Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, on I have been advised that there is not what this program means. This is a February 19 I introduced H. R. 2757, a communistic program. It will do the available at this time the breakdown farmers of this country more harm than bill designed to amend the Social Secu­ of the average monthly payments as be­ good. rity Act by increasing the amount of tween male and female retired workers. In addition to that, the President wages and net earnings from self-em­ Ir... regard to the average old-age insur­ comes out with an order, that I dare ployment without suspending the benefit ance benefit of $43.55, it is estimated say he never saw, describing cotton as a payments under the Social Security Act that · the average payment is about $45 "food." As I said the other day, I never for retired persons now in receipt of for men and $35 for women. realized they were eating cotton around earned benefits. In addition, it is stated that the aver­ the White. House, or in the various de­ You will recall that until last year a age age of retired workers on the benefit partments, until I saw that order. recipient of earned benefits could not rolls is about 72 years. The average for That order described cotton as a earn in excess of $14.99 monthly without men is approximately 72%; for women, "food." This Secretary of Agriculture forfeiting his monthly social-security 71%. from Pike's Peak, Brannan, issued an check. This provision worked a great Under the present law, no insurance order limiting the amount of cotton that hardship on many retired persons be­ payments are made for disability. could be exported, and drove the market cause it denied them the opportunity to When you study the above schedule down $100 a bale below what it was sell­ accept employment to supplement their of monthly payments and realize that ing for in other countries. Today they monthly retirement check. The situa­ the Social Security Administration esti­ are still carrying on that regimentation tion became more deplorable because of mates the average monthly benefit for of the cotton farmers. I have the rec­ the marked increase in the cost of living, men to be $45 and for women $35, you ord in my pocket to show that cotton is As a result Congress increased the ceil­ have the strongest argument possible selling for 71 cents a pound in Brazil ing on earnings to $50, and my bill pro­ for approval of my proposed amendment and 45 cents a pound in the United vides to raise it to $100. to permit the recipients of earned bene­ States. In other words, they are rob­ As I pointed out when I introduced fits, which they and their employers bing the cotton farmers of $130 a bale the bill increasing the ceiling to $100, purchased, to have the opportunity to on every bale of cotton. It is about time the proposed legislation will not cost the earn up to $100 monthly and :not be the Congress took the hands of these bu­ social-security fund a dime but will ac­ faced with the loss of their monthly so­ reaucrats from around the necks of the tually benefit it, because the recipient of cial-security check. American farmers. You cannot fix the earned benefits . will be required with Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, price of cotton in Brazil. Brazil can his employer to pay the social-security this rule is for the consideration of raise more cotton than the United payroll tax into tlie fund but he will the bill H. R. 2615, which is to amend States. Brazil is larger, territorially, not receive any increase by reason of the Agricultural Adjustment Act. It pro­ than the entire United States. They such contributions in the amount he is vides for 1 hour of general debate. can raise cotton in every portion of now receiving as earned benefits. The reason for the bill is tl:is, and it Brazil. We cannot do that here. They Since I introduced the proposed is rather simple, after all. It seems that come along with this crazy program, amendment to the Social SecuritY. Act, at the time of the last World War it making a closed shop of growing pea­ I have been gratified by the large num­ became necessary, in order to obtain the nuts and tobacco, and then come along ber of letters I have received endorsing needed supply of peanuts for oil, food, and step on the little cotton farmer and the proposal and by the Nation-wide and other reasons, to increase the acre­ drive him from his field. favorable comment in the newspapers age allotment very drastically. That Let me again remind you that the of the country. It is evident that the was done. Then, after the war, when the white farmers of the South sent the amendment will prove a great builder demand fell off, in accordance with the greatest number of their boys to this of morale among retired persons who are program, the allotment was reduced year last war of any people of the same num­ still able to earn up to $100 monthly by by year, so that since the last World ber in the United States. Why? Be­ accepting employment. It will also help War the allotment of peanut acreage has cause they fixed the quota based on greatly in the plan to mobilize all avail­ been reduced nearly 50 percent. That population. They took the white boys able manpower in the interest of build­ has brought about a shortage in certain to do the fighting and gave the cotton ing an adequate national defense. varieties of peanuts which it is very es­ farmers no exemptions. Wh~n you stop to consider the fact sential at this time should be taken care By the way, we heard a rumor to the that foodstuffs and other commodities of. Instead of reducing the allotment, it effect that Governor Pewey was ex­ essential to the needs of everyday life ought, in respect to certain varieties of empted from the draft as a necessary have doubled in price and that the aver­ peanuts, to be materially increased. farmer. An old fellow down at home age earned benefit payable to retired per­ This bill gives the Secretary of Agricul­ said it was the first time he ever knew sons during the month of January 1951 ture the necessary authority to adjust an expert farmer to get his training sing­ was $35 for women and $45 for men, it those allotments upward for that pur­ ing in a synagogue. is not necessary to dwell at length on the pose. But the little farmer is the one who economic factors that compel action to Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, is going to be injured by this kind of be taken on increasing the ceiling on the will the gentleman yield? 2088 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 7 Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, amended as here proposed, the proc­ tial loss to the taxpayers of the United I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from lamation and order issued by the Sec­ States and whether or not this bill will Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK]. retary of Agriculture further reducing endeavor to prevent this creation of ad­ PROGRAM FOR MARCH 8 the acreage of peanuts will be applicable ditional surpluses in the types which are to peanuts of all types grown in all areas, in surplus. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I which actually means that in the North Mr. COOLEY. I am very glad that desire to announce for the benefit of the Carolina-Virginia area where the jumbo the gentleman asked that question and I Members of the House that if the Com­ peanut· is grown, producers will be re­ shall be glad to answer it. mittee on Rules today reports a rule on quired to take a further reduction of 16 During the war as suggested by the the bill H. R. 1545, relating to the tempo­ percent. This actually means, of course, gentleman from Virginia [Mr. SMITHJ rary reorgar_ization powers, a bill com­ that we will be further curtailing the in presenting the rule, we called upon the ing from the Committee on Expenditures production of a commodity which is in peanut farmers of the Nation to sub­ in the Executive Departments, it will short supply. That is one of the situa­ stantially increase their acreage in pea­ come up tomorrow. tions that prompted the introduction of nuts because thete was a desperate EASTER RECESS this legislation. shortage. So acreage was stepped up to Mr. McCORMACK. I also want to let This bill proposes to give to the Sec­ 3,311,000 acres, almost double the acre­ the Members of the House know as far retary of Agriculture the authority to age which had formerly been planted. in advance as possible for their guidance, liberalize acreage allotments to farmers That was the peanut farmers' contribu­ not only guidance but knowledge, that in areas where the particular type of tion toward winning the war. After the the leadership of the House have agreed peanut is in short supply, regardless of war was over we realized that we were on a recess for the House from March 22 whether it is the jumbo, the Spanish, producing too many peanuts and we to April 2. the Valencia, or the runner type, the started out on a program of reducing whole idea being that under the pro­ acreage. Now, if the gentleman will PEANUT ACREAGE ALLOTMENTS AND gram production will keep pace with notice in the report, the acreage has MARKETING QUOTAS reasonable consumer . demand and will come down from 3,311,000 to 1,711,117, a Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, not result in a scarcity of a vital agri­ reduction in the last 3 years of 46.5 per­ I move the previous question on the reso­ cultural commodity. cent. That is the reduction which the lution. Another objective sought to be ac­ peanut farmer has taken in this transi­ The previous question was ordered. complished by this bill is to correct what tion period f ram war to peace. The resolution was agreed to. . is now known to be an inequity which Some complaint has been made about Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, I move resulted in 1949 in the States of Texas the support program. The support pro­ that the House resolve itself into the and Alabama and perhaps to some de­ gram for peanuts was used for exactly Committee of the Whole House on the gree in certain of the other States. the same purpose that it was used with State of the Union for the consideration When this inequity was discovered we regard to the production of other vital of the bill Kansas [Mr. Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Chairman, will have tried to minimize those losses as HOPE]. the gentleman yield? much as possible. This bill, frankly The gentleman from North Carolina Mr. COOLEY. I yield to the gentle­ speaking. will increase the acreage in is recognized. man from Massachusetts. the southeastern part of the country Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. HESELTON. I understood the by some few thousand acres, but it is myself 5 minutes. gentleman to say that peanuts were in being proposed in the name of equity Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from short supply. and fair play to all of the farmers in Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] apparently Mr. COOLEY. No; the gentleman did that area, and when you look at the does not understand that the very pur­ not understand me correctly. I said increase here authorized, it becomes pose of this bill is to liberalize peanut­ peanuts of a particular type are in short negligible when you relate it to the acreage allotments. As pointed out by supply. 1, 711,000 acres which will be grown. the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Mr. HESELTON. I wondered about Mr. HESELTON. l\l:r. Chairman, if SMITH], there has developed a shortage that. According to the report of the the gentleman will yield further, I have of edible-type peanuts generally known Commodity Credit Corporation, the lat­ here a letter dated February 8 from as the "ball-park peanut" which is est information I have been able to get Mr. Hutchinson, Assistant Secretary of grown in the North Carolina and Vir­ is through the month of December of last the Department, in which he says, in ginia area. The shortage of this partic­ year, this was beginning with June and part: ular type was so acute about a year ago through December. The corporation re­ In early 1949, as a result of expanding pro­ that we were threatened with the possi­ port showed they purchased 110,803,320 duction of fats and oils obtainable from bility of lifting the embargo on that par­ pounds of peanuts. They do not classify other commodities, the United States sup­ ticular type of peanut and importing them, of course, as to type, they· sold ply reached the point of surplus and prices edible peanuts from Red China. exactly that number of pounds. It also for vegetable oils declined sharply, resulting in substantial losses to CCC for the surplus I am certain that Members of . this shows that the Corporation incurred a peanuts which were crushed. House will realize that up until now pea­ net loss for the 6 months' period of $6,- nuts have just been regarded as peanuts, 124,025.92. I would like to have the gen­ I think in 1950 the losses ran in the and this adjustment program has been tleman enlarge for the RECORD what order of 37 or 38 million dollars. It was applicable to peanuts grown in all areas; types of peanuts are in short supply or running in December of this year over it has been applicable to peanuts of all are anticipated to be in short supply, $6,000,000, and I assume it is still run­ types. So under the present situation, what general types are clear surplus and ning at a higher rate. My question was Mr. Chairman, unless the law is have been bought and sold at a substan- directed to the point whether, assuming 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2089 that this is a just and equitable bill so this acreage was cut down; did the com­ thing about that, or is it taking the 90 far as the farmers in -Virginia and North mittee get any evidence on that? percent of parity for granted? Carolina are concerned, in relation to the Mr. COOLEY. I do not think there Mr. COOLEY. The 90 percent of over-all program, is there anything in has been any substantial change in the parity concept written into the law was this bill which proposes to eliminate or per-unit production, except such change considered to be a fair provision when reduce the accumulation of surpluses on as might have come about as the result it was written many, many years ago. other types of peanuts which are in sur­ of better farming methods. Mr. JAVITS. Lots of things that plus and are causing substantial losses Mr. JAVITS. This is one of the basic were written many years ago eventually . to the taxpayers of this country. commodities, a 90 percent of parity com­ could become unfair, I think the gentle­ Mr. COOLEY. I might say that the modity. Is it not a fact that there is a man will agree. Secretary of Agriculture joins .in the very sharp restriction on the price at Mr. COOLEY. I think if the gentle­ doing of that which the gentleman pro­ which the Commodity Credit Corpora­ man will look in the RECORD you will poses, and he has reduced the acreage tion may sell these peanuts? There is agree that 90 percent of a fair price cer­ from 3,311,000 to 1,711,000, so by elim­ a provision in the law that states the tainly is not an unfair price. inating that acreage which might oth­ Commodity Credit Corporation cannot . Mr. JAVITS. I might -tell the gen­ erwise have been planted to peanuts, he sell these peanuts at anything it wants tleman that I have looked at the parity is minimizing the possibility of losses. to. The gentleman knows that much record and in my opinion the Govern­ ·Mr. HESELTON. Does the gentleman better than I do, I am sure. ment of the United States is paying up feel what the Secretary has done or Mr. COOLEY. That is in connection to $2,000,000,000 more a year than it will do in the future will eliminate this with the edible trade, but when they ought to in this whole parity-price pic­ factor of losses? crush them into oil the nature of the ture. ·so far as the city consumer is Mr. COOLEY. Yes; and I think even commodity is entirely changed. concerned, he is being pushed to the with the peanuts that will be grown, Mr. JAVITS. Has the committee point where he may have to be opposed when you think about the situation we given any thought to letting the Com­ to the whole parity program if he wants are facing in the world, this acreage in modity Credit Corporation unload its to save his skin in connection with the peanuts might yet prove to be a blessing surplus for whatever it can get for it, cost of living. I think that is a sad to all of us. I think the Secretary has rather than holding it under the law extreme to which the representatives of acted in good faith, but it seems to me which says it cannot sell it at less than the city consumers are being pushed by most unreasonable to assume that the it paid plus 5 percent, I believe? the present inflexibility in the farm · peanut farmers should reduce their . Mr. COOLEY. I think the gentleman price-support program. acreage more than 50 percent in such a probably does not understand that the Mr. COOLEY. It is strange to hear very short period of time. Commodity Credit Corporation does not the gentleman say that. I do not recall Mr. HES ELTON. May I ask one final hold in storage any substantial quantity ever having heard even a man from a . question of the gentleman? of edible peanuts". metropolitan area stand on the floor and Mr. COOLEY. Yes. Mr. JAVITS. But it does have obliga­ criticize the farm program. It was con- . Mr. HESELTON. I am not familiar tions with respect to a very large quan­ ceived and put into operation, not on with the over-all and detailed uses of tity of peanuts, as the gentleman from the basis of selfishness on the part of peanuts other than as a food commodity. Massachusetts pointed out. farmers, but it was put into operation I realize that they are crushed into some Mr. COOLEY. That is true. to assure this Nation and the consumers type of oil. From Mr. Hutchins' letter, Mr. JAVITS. Has the committee of this Nation of a reasonable supply of it is apparent that at least in 1949 we given any thought to enabling the Com­ the things that are needed and which were getting that type of oil from other modity Credit Corporation, in view of are produced by the farmers. commodities. What I should like to the fact that acreage is going to be in­ But for the program I am satisfied know is, does the production of peanuts creas3d, to get itself out of this position in my own heart and mind that our and placing them into the form of oil by letting the peanuts with which the farmers now would be buried beneath have anything whatever to do directly Commodity Credit Corporations is con­ a great surplus which this Nation could with the defense effort? Are they used cerned be sold for less? not possibly consume. When you de­ in any way, shape, form, or manner in stroy their purchasing power-when you terms of materials that we are trying to Mr. COOLEY. The gentleman can destroy the purchasing power of the buy at very heavy cost to the taxpayers clearly see that if the Commodity Credit farmers as happened many years ago, of this country for defense? Corporation were authorized to s2ll be­ not because of scarcity but because of Mr. COOLEY. Does the gentleman low a certain price that would result in an abundance, then you destroy indus­ mean other than for food needs? substantially higher losses. try and our whole economy. Mr. HESELTON. Yes. Mr. JAVITS. But it would take up Mr. JAVITS. I think the gentleman Mr. COOLEY. Frankly, I do not know this surplus in peanuts and keep the must give me credit for knowing the fact whether they are used for any other Government from continuing to be that the farmer's purchasing power is national defense purpose or not, but it obligated. a very essential element in our national is a vital food that is consumed in great Mr. COOLEY. No, there is no slack. economy. quantities by the Armed Forces and by Mr. JAVITS. I mean, there is a defi­ Mr. CCOLEY. I am sure the gentle­ the c~vilian population. Whether they ciency in supply, which is what the gen­ man knows that. use them in the form of oil in the ma­ tle:nan is basing his bill on. Mr. JAVITS. I have never opposed a chinery of war, I frankly do not know. Mr. COOLEY. That is with regard to price-support program for the farmer, Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, will the one particular ·type of peanut. especially for the family-sized farm, but gentleman yield? Mr. JAVITS. So that the basis for I do oppose complete inflexibility in any Mr. COO:':..EY. I yield to the gentle­ the bill is that you are trying to increasa farm price program, and this bill has a man from New York. the output of a different type of peanuts tendency to contribute further to that Mr. JAVITS. May I ask the gentle­ altogether? inflexibility ar:d that is why I ask these man whether any improvements have Mr. COOLEY. This will help the questions. It has a tendency to con­ been made in the raising of peanuts candy manufacturers and the consum­ tribute further to that inflexibility and s!milar to what we found in connection ers. They want mor.e peanuts. Pea­ on a broader scale than before with the with potatoes, that the parity standard nuts of the Virginia type are actually added acreage authorized. wa :~ made applicable to a situation which being priced out of the market on ac­ Mr. COOLEY. You say complete lack did not warrant it because a very greatly count of the situation. of flexibility? increased.yield came from each acre? Mr. JAVITS. Has the gentleman Mr. JAVITS. I do. Mr. COOLEY. I do not believe there done any studying as to whether the 90 Mr. COOLEY. These farmers, as the has been any substantial per-unit in­ percent of parity support standard is gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. RAN - crease in yield. The increase came justified or whether that standard ought KIN] pointed out a moment ago, by a about as a result of an increased acre­ to be reduced? Perhaps the producers vote of more than two-thirds of all of age. are making more money than they legiti­ them, have placed their destiny in t.he Mr. JAVITS. I mean in the interven­ mately ought to under these circum­ hands of the Secretary of Agriculture ing years since the war during which stances. Has the committe.e done any- and they do what he tells them to do, 2090 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 7 1 and they do it graciously and willingly, essary to . greatly reduce the acreage. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the and the program is just about as flexible This reduction has been something over gentleman yield? as anything on earth can be. ·46 percent during the past 3 years. Mr. HOPE. I yield. Mr. JAVITS. I had the statement of The problem that confronted the com­ Mr. RANKIN. · Unfortunately, this the Secretary of Agriculture in a debate mittee and the problem that confronts program was started during the war, un­ on television with him and which quoted the Congress in continuing this program der the guise of a war measure. The war him as saying that the Department of is to work out a formula which will re­ has been over for 5 years, and yet we are Agriculture, and these are his words, "was sult in the production of the type of carrying on this regimentation of the created to take care of the interests of . peanuts which is in demand. If we con­ American farmer, making a closed shop the farmer." tinue in effect the formula that is in the of peanut growing. Now, let me warn Mr. COOLEY. I can tell the gentle­ present law, and try to produce a suffi­ the gentleman from Kansas that they man that this legislation does not come cient quantity of edible-type paanuts to are doing the same thing with reference to the floor of the House with bipartisan meet the market demand, it will be nec­ to tobacco growing. support in the interest of agriculture essary to increase the acreage allotments Mr. BONNER. Mr. Chairman, will the alone. Every bill that goes to make up for the oil-type of peanuts to a point gentleman yield? · this great farm program, at least almost which would result in the production of Mr. EOPE. I yield. every bill, has come here with the. sup­ an excess of that type. On the other Mr. BONNER. The gentleman from port of members of the gentleman's own hand, if we make the allotments on the Mississippi would not want to leave his party. basis of the need for the oil-type pea­ statement without 'a slight correction, I Mr. JAVITS. I think it is tragic that nuts, it will cut down the supply of edible am sure; the program was started before city representatives have not been peanuts to a point below the needs of the war. awakened to the situation, but I assure the country. Mr. RANKIN. It may have been. you their constituents are beginning to The main purpose of this legislation Mr. BONNER. Controls were lifted awaken them now. is an adjustment of the formula whereby dm:jng the war; that is what caused the Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, will the allotm2nts can be made on a realistic suspension. the gentleman yield? basis, so that they will be increased as Mr. RA1 KIN. However that may be, Mr. COOLEY. I yield. far as the edible-type p2anuts are con­ the program is with us now, and it is a Mr. KEATING. The gentleman has cerned and not increased on the oil-type program of regimentation of tb.e Ameri­ pointed out that this bill envisions slight peanuts. can farmer. increases, not a large increase, in the M1~. DAVIS of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ Let me tell the gentleman from Kansas acreage allotment, and with commend­ ruan, will the gentleman yield? that last year they started regimenting able frankness has pointed out it prob­ Mr. HOPE. I yield. the American cotton farmer, somewhat ably woWd involve some cost to the Mr. DAVIS of Wiscomin. If I read as Stalin regiments the farmers in Soviet Government. Does the gentleman have the report of the Secretary of Agricul­ Russia-not by taking the land away any estimated figures on that? ture to the committee corre~tly, he stated from them, but by telling them what they Mr. COOLEY. No, I frankly do not that there was to be an over-all increase can raise on the land and what price know, becam:e none of us have any in­ in peanut-acreage allotments. The they can get for it. formation as to what consumer demands thing that concerns me about this legis­ Let the gentleman from Kansas be­ might be before this crop comes to har­ lation is that in order to meet a situa­ ware of this communistic trend, because vest. tion which applies to a certain type of the next thing he knows they will be tell­ Mr. KEATING. I note in the letter peanuts in a rather restricted area, allot­ ing him how much wheat they can grow to the gentleman from the Acting Sec­ ments for all types of peanuts, country­ in Kansas, how many cows thay can milk retary of Agriculture, dated February wide, is being increased. Is that true; in Wisconsin; they will tell the people 19, he points out that he does not know and, if so, what justification is there for how many potatoes they may grow in whether this is in accord with the pea­ it? Maine or in Idaho. They will soon be nut program of the. President or not. Mr. HOPE. No. The increase in the telling you how many chickens you can Mr. COOLEY. I do not know whether allotment is practically all in the States raise or how many eggs you can sell. the President has a peanut program, I which produce the edible-type peanuts­ This is the most insidious program of will say. Virginia, North Carolina, and a small in­ regimentation that was ever imposed on Mr. KEATIKG. I wonder if since that crease in South Carolina. Outside of the American farmer, and the quicker we time the gentleman has had any informa­ that, it is negligible. stop it and get out from under it, the tion on that subject? Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. One more better it will be for the farmers of the Mr. COOLEY. No, I am sorry, I do brief question. As a matter of fact, in Nation. not have any. this legislation it is contemplated that Every farmer who has a bale of cotton Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I have no there be no decrease whatsoever in exist­ on hand now, or who raises one this demands for time on this side. I shall ing allotments, but, quite to the contrary, year, will lose $130 a bale on it under the take just a few moments to discuss the there are to be increases in the existing present regulation. provisions of the bill. I think they have allotments. Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the already been pretty thoroughly ex­ Mr. HOPE. The increase in existing gentleman yield? plained. The situation we have here is allotments are on types of peanuts which Mr. HOPE. I yield. one which grew out of the price-support are in demand and where the supply Mr. COOLEY. I wish to ask the gen­ program during the war under which it would be short were it not for this legis­ tleman from lVlississippi this question: was to the interest of the country to lation. If the gentleman will refer to Does the gentleman realize · that even if expand the production of the oil-type the report of the committee on page 8 he we were to defeat this bill the program peanuts. Under the so-called Steagall will see where the increases in allotments wo1Jld still go on? What we are trying amendment a program was inaugurated take place under this legislation. He will to do is to liberalize the program. which put a very high support price on note that there is an increase of 6G,665 Mr. RANKIN. The thing for the gen­ peanuts and which was designed to in­ acres, of which 64,317 acres are in the tleman to do is to bring in a bill here that crease the production of the oil-type States of Virginia, North Carolina, and would stop this regimentation. You are peanuts. With the end of the war when Tennessee; and 1,766 in the State of not going to succeed in the regimentation the demand for fats and oils dropped, South Carolina. He will note also there of the American farmer. I have never there was no longer any need for this is an increase of 582 acres in the State of seen the farmers abused as they have large production of oil-type peanuts and New Mexico. Those are the places where been in the last 2 or 3 years and as the consequently the program which has the increases will take place. I am not cotton farmers are being abused now. been in effect since that time has brought familiar enough with peanut production Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the about a large reduction in the acreage in New Me.xico to know whether that is gentleman yield? of peanuts. for the edible type or not, but in the Mr. HOPE. I yield. , In order to maintain a sound price .. other States the type produced is the Mr. COOLEY. Has the gentleman support program at all it has been nee- edible type. f ro.m Mississippi ever seen the farmers 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2091 of the country more prosperous than does is to liberalize the formula rather Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Chairman, if they are at this time? than tighten it up. It goes in the direc­ the gentleman will yield, I think maybe Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, that tion that the gentlem ~ n from Mississippi I can answer that ques~ion. sounds like the man from Pike's Peak­ would like to have it go, but it does not Mr. HOPE. I will be glad to yield. the man who does not know how the go as far as he would like to have it go. Mr. McCARTHY. As you know, I farmer is suffering today. Mr. RANKIN. I may say to the gentle­ represent a city district, and I am on · Last year the little farmers in some man from Kansas that what th2 commit­ the Committee on Agriculture, and for sections had their cotton acreage limited tee should do is to bring in a bill to stop that reason, in the consideration of this to 3 % acres; they could not raise enough this regimentation of the American bill, I have attempted to understand it to pay their taxes, and today they are farmers, and let them go ahead and run from the point of view of the consumer. being robbed of $130 on every bale. their own affairs. They will be happier, The record will show, I think, that in the What is the gentleman doing on the they will be more prosperous, and better last 2 years the cost of the ~upport price Committee on Agriculture if he is going satisfied. on peanuts was approximately $40,000,- to let this kind of thing go on? Oh, no; Mr. HOPE. That is not ·the question 000 in 1949 and about $20,000,000 in 1950. he hed better wake up. This is an agri­ before the committee today. I am sure Mr. REES of Kansas. In other words, cultural country and the Committee on the committee will hear the gentleman if the Government has already spent $60,- Agriculture had better wake up and be­ he desires to introduce such a bill and 000,000. gin to look out for the American farm­ come before ... he committee and present Mr. McCARTHY. But the important ers instead of trying to regiment them it. thing to note is that the support was for into a system that means slavery for Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Chairman, a type of peanut which will not be in­ them. will the gentlerr.an yield? creased as a result of this legislation. Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman The purpose of the increase in acreage gentleman yield for one more question? from Kansas. is to increase the supply of the so-called Mr. HOPE. I yield. Mr. REES of Kansas. I doubt very edible peanut of which, at the present Mr. COOLEY. Just what does the much whether there are many Members time, there is a wide variety· and differ­ gentleman from Mississippi think that of this House who have had a chance to ence in grade and. which, at the present American cotton should be bringing on know what this legislation is all about, time, is selling above parity. If pro­ the market now? but, as I understand the leg'islation, it duction is increased as a result of this Mr. RANKIN. It should be bringing is intended to extend the peanut acre- act, and under . the terms of the act, it as much as it is bringing in Brazil, 71 age of this country. · is supposed to be increased to a point ·cents a pound, but instead of that you Mr. HOPE. It will expand the where edible peanuts will sell at not more have fixed it at 45 cents. acreage. than the support price plus 5 percent, so Mr. COOLEY. I did not fix it. Mr. REES of Kansas. It will produce the effect should be to decrease the cost Mr. RANKIN. Oh, no. All the gen­ more peanuts? of edible peanuts to the consumer. tleman does is to paddle along with Mr. HOPE . .It will result in an in­ There are certain elements of risk, how­ the crowd, this man from Pikes Peak, crease in the acreage of a certain type ever, in the legislation in that the record Mr. Brannan, or DiSalle. I do not know of peanuts of·which we are short at the shows that the production per acre of where he is from. present time. · peanuts has increased very greatly in Mr. CRAWFORD. Toledo. Mr. REES of Kansas. Do we have the last 2 to 3 years. In 1947 the aver­ Mr. RANKIN. Toledo, Ohio. They .that type of peanut on hand already in age production was 646 pounds per acre; are regimenting the cotton farmers of the Commodity Credit Corporation, paid in 1949 it was over 800 pounds per acre. this country, and they will be r-egiment­ for by the Government? There is a cer~ain element of danger; ing every other farmer unless we stop Mr. HOFE. I do not think so. No that is, it may be somewhat expensive this crazy program. I am for stopping it supply of peanuts is on hand because if you have a good crop year and if a · now. under the peanut price-support program new variety of peanuts should be pro­ Mr. HOPE. Of course, the gentleman the Commodity Credit Corporation does duced. But, it will not produce the . from Mississippi is talking about two not acquire and store peanuts. It pur­ peanut fiasco we had in 1949. different thing::;. He is talking about chases peanuts, then it sells them back Mr. REES of Kansas. So we can look price ceilings on cotton, which, of on the market, because peanuts are not forward to a greater expense by the Gov­ ·course, are not imposed by any legisla­ a storable commodity. So there is never ernment then to support this program? tion reported by the Committee on Agri­ any particular time when a great quan­ Mr. McCARTHY. There is no cer­ culture. They are imposed by legislation tity of peanuts are on hand as far as the tainty that this will happ2n, and there is w ~1ich the Cong'ress passed by a very Commodity Credit Corporation is con­ the possibility that the price of edible large majority last August. Now, re­ cerned. There may have been some of peanuts will be decreased as a result of plying to what the gentleman has said this type of peanuts pass through the this legislation. I do want to make this about this program, the price-support Commodity Credit Corporation in their point, however, that as to this legislation. program has been in effect since 1938. operations, I cannot say, but the amount or this particular bill, this is not the time Under its provisions we are supporting would be very small because there is a to do it, but I do feel that peanuts should the price of certain commodities. Under market for all of the edible type peanuts. not be considered a basic commodity in the provisions of that program we are Of The consumers of peanuts have been the American agricultural economy. necessity regulating the production of complaining about the fact we are re-:­ The total value of the crop is only about those commodities or at least the pro­ stricting the production of the type of $200,000,000 per year, and in the last duction of that quantity which may be peanut which is in demand; in other 2 years it has cost $60,000,000 to support supported under the price-support pro­ words, setting up a monopoly in the that particular crop. gram. If we do not do that the Federal hands of the producer of that type of Mr. REES of Kansas. '.That is just Treasury will probably have to be bot­ peanut. This bill is designed to change the point. tomless because unless we put some limit that situation and to provide that the Mr. McCARTHY. The point ic, how­ upon the amount of the product which restriction shall be lifted up to a certain ever, that this legislation is good, apart will be supported, there is just no end point on · the production of those from the other proposition. to the cost of such a program. Now we peanuts. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, will the have our choice. If we want a price-sup­ Mr. REES of Kansas. How much has gentleman yield? port program it is going to have to have the Government already spent on this Mr. HOPE. Since I began to speak I some controls in it and if we want td1get peanut program? have had some requests for time, and I away from controls we will have to get Mr. HOPE. I am sorry, I cannot give would like to take care of them. For away from a price-support program. that information. I can look it up. that reason I think I must decline to But that is not the question involved Mr. REES of Kansas. It amounts to yield any further except to the gentle­ here today. That question is whether we a good many million dollars; does it not? man from Kansas, to whom I have are going to change the formula that is Mr. HOPE. It is a considerable sum already yielded. I will be glad to at­ in effect with respect to the price-sup­ rut I do not have the amount at this tempt to answer his further inquiries. port progr9.-m on peanuts. What this bill time. But I do not feel like yielding any more 2092 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 7 time now, because I have promised time tary of Agriculture uses his powers to Mr. GRANT. Mr. Chairman, H. R. to others. the utmost, we would be able to grow 2615 amends the Agricultural Adjust­ Mr. REES of Kansas. The thing I not more than 85 percent of the acreage ment Act of 1938, as amended, relating would like to direct the gentleman's at­ over the United States that we grew last to peanut-acreage allotments. Allot­ tention to is this: Here is a program year. It is true that if the bill becomes ment is made to the States on the basis limited to a comparatively small acre­ law it would mean that certain States. of the average acreage of peanuts age; it is very small compared to other particularly Virginia and North Caro­ harvested for nuts in each state during commodities we are supporting, and yet lina, would probably be able to grow ap­ the 5-year period 1945-49, but specifies we are spending $40,000,000 a year for a proximately what they did grow .. that no State shall receive an allotment price-support program on a commodity The reason for that has already been less than would be determined if the na­ which amounts to about $200,000,000 a clearly explained. In these States they tional allotment were apportioned year. It seems to me it is a thing that grow a type of peanut which is in short among States on the basis of final 1950 this Congress ought to give some con­ supply. There are none of these ball­ State allotments. sideration to. The complaints that park peanuts in the hands of the Com­ In August 1949, when the cotton bill come to me from the people who con­ modity Credit Corporation. Somebody was up for consideration, a provision sume this product say that the price is asked the question, does the Commodity was added pertaining to peanuts to pro­ too high, and I think that the gentleman Credit Corporation have any of these vide that the allotment for each State who has the fioor has had similar com­ peanuts? It has absolutely none of the would be not less than the larger of, plaints from individuals who say that large or jumbo type. We were told in first, the 1941 State allotment; or, sec­ this product costs too much for the aver­ the committee that on some days of the ond, 60 percent of the acreage of peanuts age consumer. week you could not buy them in the open harvested for nuts in the State in 1948. Mr. HOPE. But this legislation will market. I should like to make it clear After the 1950 allotments were deter­ go part way in meeting the problem. that none of these Virginia-type peanuts mined and announced, it was found that Mr. REES of Kansas. But when you are held by the Commodity Credit Cor­ Texas and Alabama and several other are spending 25 percent of the cost of poration, and there are very few in the States in a lesser degree were required the product, it is costing pretty much. market. The market is very high on to take reductions out of proportiOn to Mr. HOPE. This goes part way in that type of peanut, far above parity, the reductions taken by some of the meeting the gentleman's objection in far above the support price. We are other States. The House Committee on that it should reduce the price to the hopeful that if we can grow all the Agriculture took action to correct the consumer of the edible type of peanut. market wants the price to the public will situation by providing that the allot­ Mr. HARDY. Mr. Chairman, will the be brought down in the coming year. At ment for any State would not be re­ gentleman yield? the same time, remember that the total duced by a percentage larger than the Mr. HOPE. I have refused to yield acreage of all types of peanuts under percentage by which the 1950 national to others, but I will yield to the gentle­ this bill will be at least 15 percent less acreage allotment was below the 1949 man for a brief question. than the total acreage of all peanuts last national acreage allotment. Mr. HARDY. I think there is a lot year. However, some Members thought that of misinformation about this. Has any The gentleman from Massachusetts it would be better to have a look at the information been submitted by the De­ shakes his head as if he does not agree. whole situation before making this partment or elsewhere that would indi­ I refer him to the figures that are on amendment permanent and therefore, cate that this legislation would in any page 8 of the report, which are the fig­ the committee in order to get prompt manner increase the cost of the support ures of the Department and not our fig­ action decided to pass only emergency program? ures. They show a maximum that can legislation for 1 year, that is, for 1950, Mr. HOPE. No; I have no informa­ be grown under this bill of 1,916,000 with the understanding that the com­ tion to that effect. It will expand the acres. And remember that under this mittee would reexamine the entire al­ production of a· type of peanut which bill the Secretary does not have to allow lotment-apportionment system. is not in surplus production at this time. that much. If he thinks there is not So, in the second session of the Eighty­ Mr. HARDY. Is it not true that it is reasonable ground to suppose that the first Congress further study was given anticipated that the demand for this market will require an increase in the to the matter and the committee recom­ type of peanut will take the entire addi­ States that grow the Virginia type pea­ mended and the House passed H. R. 9109. tional production without any cost to nut, he does not have to give any in­ The Senate did not act on this measure the Government? crease whatever, but this does allow him and it did not become law. Mr. HOPE. Yes. That is the basis to provide for an increase in those As a result of the failure to enact on which this additional acreage is being States where he thinks we need an in­ allotted. I would not want to say that H. R. 9101 all peanut-producing States crease to meet the market demands. have received their 1951 allotments upon we might not have an extremely large If we were to allow this program to crop produced on that acreage, and that the basis of the original allotments re­ continue under the present law, we would ceived by such States in 1950. there might not be some obligation on probably find ourselves faced again with the part of the Government later to a shortage of a particular type of pea­ In 1949 marketing quotas were made make some expenditures, but based upon nut. Certainly if this happened we effective for the first time since 1942. a normal crop there should not be any would find a proper demand on the part The 1949 national acreage allotment increase in the amount which the pro­ of the American people to abandon the called for a reduction in acreage from gram would cost the Government. whole peanut program. They would 3,311,000 to 2,628,970 acres, a reduction Mr. HARDY. I thank the gentleman. say, "Break down the whole thing, be­ of 20.6 percent. In 1950 again reduced Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield cause you haven't taken care of the from 2,628,970 to 2,200,194 acres, another 4 minutes to the gentleman from Texas reduction of 16.3 percent. In 1951 the needs of the American people." They national acreage allotment was again [Mr. POAGE]. would probably not stop with peanuts. Mr. POAGE. Mr. Chairman, I think The whole farm program would be in reduced from 2,200,194 acres-in 1950- there is a great deal of misunderstand­ to 1,771,117 acres, a reduction of 19.5 danger. percent. ing about the peanut program as well The American peanut grower does not as about what we are trying to do this In othe;.· words-a reduction-in 3 want to grow more peanuts than the years from 3,311,000 to 1,711,117 or 46.5 morning. I call attention to the fact market will consume, but neither does that before we attempted to restrict the percent. he want to grow less than the market What other farm commodity has been acreage of peanuts we grew in excess of demands, and he should have the oppor­ ·3,-000,000 acres of peanuts a year, that so reduced in acreage allotments? Tl:le we have reduced the production approx­ tunity to grow the type the public wants. pBanut growers have made an honest imately 50 percent, and that this bill, if At the same time the farmers of every effort to cooperate with their Govern­ it becomes law, will allow the produc­ State should be accorded equal treat­ ment. The peanut growers have been tion to be a maximum of only 1,916,000 ment. This bill gives this opportunity. cut, cut, cut. acres as against 2,200,194 acres last year. Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield I could tell you of many cases where In other words, even though this bill 2 minutes to the gentleman from Ala­ small farmers cannot secure enough becomes law and even though the Secre- bama [Mr. GRANT]. acreage to kee!) going. They are due 1951 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-· HOUSE consideration. It is not a · matter of increase in yield. ·The Department it­ grow our food, but because, now as in times charity, but one of justice and fair play self advised me that the national aver­ · gone by, it is the resolute core of resistance between the peanut-producing States. age yield increased f ram 804 pounds per to socialism, despotism, and all other isms This bill will not solve all the trouble, acre · in 1949, as compared with 651 that menace the American way of life. but it is a step in the right direction and pounds in the previous year, and that in In the last session I filed a bill I hoped will be of some little help to those who 1950 it would go up to 881 pounds per might serve as a useful basis upon have been so drastically cut, all out of acre, which it said 'was "by far the high­ which to attack and solve this problem. proportion to growers in some other est national average yield in history." I was disappointed that no hearings States. So the whole story was not told. The were scheduled. I have refiled it. It is Much valuable time has been lost. question is not increased or decreased H. R. 192. I am sorry that the agricul­ The 1951 allotments are out. Let us acreage. It is what will be the produc­ tural program was thrown into partisan pass this bill and get it on·to the Senate tion? And, further, will that create sur- politics. I am convinced it can be with the hope that that body will take ' pluses? solved but only outside and divorced prompt action. I am not here to dispute the fairness from such politics. A sound solution is If this legislation is not enacted, .this of the chairman of the committee or the vitally necessary, and particularly im.:.. Congress will perpetuate and continue members of the committee in attempt­ perative at this time. But I repeat it all of the inequities which have been ing to correct some inequity that may will not . come through piecemeal bits found to exist in the original 1950 allot­ exist. What I am concerned about is . like the one proposed in this bill, which ments. that we are doing· .exactly what many only complicates and worsens the situa­ Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield ·have said we are doing, we are continu­ tion. I want to include the text of H. R. 2 minutes to the gentleman from Okla­ ing a piecemeal approach to this prob­ 192 at this point and to urge its consid­ homa [Mr. ALBERT]. lem when it needs a general overhauling, eration. It is as follows: Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Chairman, I think It is said that the people are not dis­ A bill for the establishment of a commission the essential features of this bill have turbed about it. I represent a combined to study the agriculture situation and to been fully described. It does just two farming and industrial. district, and I recommend adequate f arm legislation things. In the first place it authorizes know the people .are disturbed about it. Be it enacted, etc., That (a) there is here­ the Secretary, upon a finding that any I am concerned that by taking this sort by established a bipartisan commission to be particular type of peanut is in short of piecemeal, half-considered proposi­ composed of 12 members appointed as fol­ supply, to make certain adjustments in tion time after time, you are j eopardiz­ lows: ing an over-all and vitally necessary ag. ( 1) ·Four appointed by the President of allotments Jor that type. The second the United States, two from the executive thing this lnll does is to rectify a situa­ ricultural program. branch of the Government and two from tion which grew out of the cotton quota · Only this month, on March 1, the private life; act of 1949 under which certain States Northeast Farm Federation issued its (2) Four appointed by the President. pro were required to take disproportionate Monthly Economic Letter. It contains tempore of the Senate, two from the Senate cuts in acreage allotments. The bill does food for thought now, not 2 months or and two from private life; and not affect my own State in that par­ 2 years from now. Under the title (3) Four appointed by the Speaker of the ticular. The type provision may affect "Unanimity," there is the following sig­ House of Representatives, two from the nificant statement: House of Representatives and two from pri­ it at some future time if the Spanish vate life. type gets in short supply. The bill is a UNANIMITY (b) Of each class of two members men­ fair bill worked out by representatives The New York State Farm Bureau Federa­ tioned in subsection (a), not more than one from all the peanut-growing States. tion h as wisely and courageously called for member shall be from each of the two major This bill will not result in increasing ar:. end of .Federal hand-outs to farmers, even political parties. peanut acreage up to the 1950 allotment. of such things as lime, fertilizer, and so ( c) Any vacancy in the commission shall We are certain to have a shorter crop forth. These aid programs were 'put into not affect its po71ers, but shall be filled in than we had last year. Already many effect when farming was in a severe depres­ the same manner in w:\ich the original ap­ sion. Now, howElver, the farmers of New pointment was made. people in the peanut industry, the end York State feel that their enterprise can SEc. 2. The commission shall elect a chair· users, are beginning to wonder whether and should stand on its own feet. They be­ man and a vice chairman from among its the defense requirements for peanut oil lieve that it is time to balance the national members. and other byproducts will be met in budget and gird the national economy for SEC. 3. Seven members of the commission view of the cuts in acreage that have whatever may come. They believe that all shall constitute a quorum. already been imposed and which will groups should now put country ahead of SEC. 4. (a) Members oi: Congress who are still be imposed should this proposal self-interest, and they ar.e prepared to back members of the commission shall serve with­ up this sentiment by example. out compensatiop. in addition to that re­ become law. Moreover, the farmers of this State, by ceived for their services as Members of Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Chairman, and large, are firmly opposed to the con­ Congress; but they shall be reimbursed for wilI'the gentleman yield? trols which are the inevitable price of sub­ travel, subsistence, and other necessary ex­ Mr. ALBERT. I yield. sidies. The State Grange, the Dairymen's penses incurred by them in the performance Mr. REES of Kansas. In view of the League, and the other large organizations of the duties vested in the commission. gentleman's statement the thing we have condemned subsidies and the Govern­ (b) The members of the commission who ought to do is just not to have any ment controls that go with them. are in the executive branch of the Govern­ acreage allotment at all, and turn the The State conference board of farm or­ ment shall each receive the compensation ganizations, representing eight major State­ which he would receive if he were not a mem­ whole thing loose, if we are in· short wide organizations, has time and again ex­ ber of the commission, plus such additional supply. pressed .its firm stand against socialistic compensation, if any (notwithstanding sec· Mr. ALBERT. I say there is a fear schemes and for free institutions, includ­ tion 6 of the act of May 10, 1916, as amended; among some that we may have a short­ ing free markets, free enterprise, and those 39 Stat. 582; 5 U.S. C. 58), as is necessary to age. Last year we had allotments on basic individual freedoms which have made make his aggregate salary $12,500; and they cotton and as a result we have a short­ American farms and American life the best shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and most fruitful on this earth. and other necessary expenses incurred by age in cotton at the present time. them in the performance of. the duties vested Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 Never have the farmers and their leaders been more solidly alined shoulder to shoul­ in the commission. minutes to the gentleman from Massa­ der, on the major economic and social issues (c) The members from private life shall chusetts [Mr. HESELTON]. of the time, than they are today in New each receive $50 per diem when engaged in Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Chairman, I York State. the performance of duties vested in the com­ am sorry the gentleman from Texas As we interpret this united voice, it stands mission, plus reimbursement for travel, sub­ [Mr. POAGE] was not able to yield .to me, for the very fundamentals that our fore­ sistence, and other necessary expenses in­ because I wanted to ask him a question. f~thers stood for and fought for when they curred by them in the performance of such I agree with him wholeheartedly that built this Nation. It is, in one word, the duties. voice of freedom. It is tlie voice of patriot­ -sEc. 5. The commission shall have power there is confusion in this proposal. ism. to appoint and fix the compensation of such However, I do not think the confusion is We think that the comm.unity at large will personnel as it deems advisable, in accord­ attributable to those who are uncertain not underestimate the position. of a united ance with the provisions of the civil-service as to the wisdom of passing this particu­ agriculture. Not merely because it . repre­ · laws and the Classification A<;t of 19'1 9, as lar bill. I wanted to ask him about the sents the stand of that important group who amended. 2094 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 7 SEC. 6. (a) The commission shall study and and acreage went into effect. Is that .small amount in Tennessee. These two investigate the present organization and correct? types produce what we call the Ball Park methods of operation of all departments, bu­ reaus, agencies, boards, commissions, oftlces, Mr. POAGE. That is about right. peanuts and large and fancy peanuts independent establishments, and instrumen­ Mr. CRAWFORD. In. reading this used mainly for salting. ·talities of the executive branch of the Gov­ bill it deals with the national acreage The other types are Spanish, grown ernment engaged in agricultural or related allotment for 1951, 1952, 1953, and 1954. · in the Southwest, and Runners, grown .activities, to determine what changes there- It does not deal with pounds or tons .. mainly. in the Southeast. in are necessary to prevent serious subnormal I think as long as we deal with acres Manufacturers of candy and the han­ agricultural income without placing an un­ and the production of acres which can be dlers of salted peanuts have been com­ due burden on the consumers and taxpayers increased by this, that, and the othe:r plaining for 2 or 3 years-that they have of the country. (b) Within 30 days after the Eighty-second method, we will always be in hot water been unable to secure a sufiicient amount Congress is convened and organized, the on these basic commodities. of the proper kind of peanuts to satisfy commission shall make a report of its find­ Looking at page 8 of the committee the demands _of their trade. Unless ings and recommendations to the Congress. report I find this language: something is done about this, great harm SEC. 7. (a) The commission, or any member "First indicated 1951 acreage allot­ will have been done the peanut indus­ thereof, may, for the purpose of carrying out ment," so many acres. try as a whole because our American the provisions of this act, hold such hearings Nineteen hundred and fifty-one acre­ people, if they cannot get the commodity and sit and act at such times and places, and .they want, will get some other commod­ take such testimony, as the commission or age allotment announced October 26, such member may deem advisable. Any 1950, so many acres. ity, and certainly they are entitled to member of the commission may administer Finally, 1951 acreage allotment, 1,- have, whenever possible, those things oaths or affirmations to witnesses appearing 850,200 acres. which they desire. before the commission or before such The table does not say when that was The present law treats peanuts as one member. made, but here, subsequent to that last commodity and makes . no distinctions (b) '1'he commission 1s authorized to se­ allotment we have this bill providing between the types. When a cut is made cure directly from any executive department, 66,655 additional acres. That shows the by the Department. of Agriculture in the bureau, agency, board, commission, office, in­ dependent establishment, or instrumentality degree of uncertainty .in a program of peanut-acreage allotment, every section information, suggestions, estimates, and sta­ this kind, the instability, the impossi­ and type must necessarily receive the tistics for the purpose of this act; and each bility of nailing something down. same proportionate of the cut. This, of such department, bureau, agency, board, I wish to ask the chairman of the course, is a vital weakness in the present commission, oftlce, establishment, or instru­ committee two or three basic questions agricultural legislation. mentality is authorized and directed to fur­ which trouble me on all of these bills: . This bill, H. · R. 2615, is mtended to nish such information, suggestions, esti­ Does this bill confer proprietary rights relieve just that situation. Among other mates, and statistics directly to the commis­ things the bill amends certain provi­ sion, upon request made by the chairman or to grow peanuts only on those farms vice chairman. where peanuts have been grown hereto­ sions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act SEc. 8. There is hereby authorized to be fore? of 1938, as amended, relating to the es­ appropriated, out of any money in the Treas­ Mr. COOLEY. This bill does not con­ tablishment of peanut-acreage allot­ ury not otherwise appropriated, so much as fer any such authority as the gentleman ments for States, counties, and .farms. _ may be necessary to carry out the provisions suggests. The gentleman, I am sure, It also amends the provisions of law re­ of this act. is familiar with the acreage quota laws lating to the marketing of excess pea­ I ask the chairman, and I do it with which Congress has enacted in past nuts and clarifies the provision under the highest regard for him, if he will tell years. Historical data are used in de­ which farm acreage allotments and mar­ us whether next month we are going to termining acreage allotments, but that keting quotas established by local county have a cotton acreage increase bill in is not the controlling and only factor. committees may be reviewed by separate here, and the following month another Mr. CRAWFORD. Let us take the committees of disinterested farmers. acreage increase bill on some other com­ language in this bill, page 1, lines 6 to Probably the most important provi­ modity, and no attempt, as far as he can 10, inclusive, and then go to the language sion of the bill is the provision which will tell us now, is going to be made to solve on page 5, subparagraph (f) • As I un­ assure an ample production of all types this over-all problem of farm surpluses, derstand that language it does confer of peanuts. One of -the important pro­ that are running out of the ears of the the right to grow peanuts on farms where visions of the Agricultural Adjustment CCC and costing the taxpayers millions peanuts have previously been . grown. Act of 1938 is section 304 which estab­ of dollars monthly, plus the fact that Now, am I right or wrong in that under· lishes consumer safeguards. Under that nobody is getting any good out of the standing? provision it is made the duty of the Sec­ food that is being hoarded. Mr. COOLEY. As I said a moment retary of Agriculture to administer the Are we not going to be confronted ago, history is one of the factors taken statute so as to provide for the mainte­ with another bill of this kind on another into consideration, but there are other nance of a continuous and stable supply commodity in a few days or weeks? factors. of agricultural commodities from domes­ Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will The CHAIHMAN. The time or' the tic production adequate to meet con­ the gentleman yield? gentleman from Michigan has expired. sumer demands at prices fair to both Mr. HESELTON. I yield. Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield consumers and producers. The provi­ Mr. COOLEY. The gentleman used the remainder of my time to the gentle­ sions of the bill before us for attention the average figure for 1947, 646 pounds man from Virginia [Mr. ABBITT]. today will enable the Secretary of Agri­ per acre. That is far below the 10-year Mr. ABBITT. Mr. Chairman, for culture to give full effect to the consumer average. some years now peanuts have been safeguard provision by permitting him to classed as one of the six basic commod­ . Mr. HESELTON. I said in 1948 it was increase at any time the acreage allot­ 651 pounds; in 1949, 804 pounds, and in ities. While it is true that peanuts are ment for any State producing a type of 1950 it would go up to 881 pounds. produced in relatively a small area of peanuts which is in short supply. our country, in those sections where they At the present time it is generally rec­ Mr. COOLEY. The 10-year average are raised it is the main money crop and was 687 pounds. ognized that the Virginia-type peanuts almost the sole money crop for the are in short supply and that there is need The CHAIRMAN. The time of the farmers and it affects their entire eco­ for increasing the allotments for such gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. nomic stability and well-being. type of peanuts above those provided for HESELTON] has expired. For some time now certain types of under existing legislation. The supply Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 peanuts have been in short supply while of such peanuts has been deemed so minutes to the gentleman from Michi­ the other types are not. We have had short by certain end users that efforts gan [Mr. CRAWFORD]. a shortage within a surplus. The main were made during the past year to im­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, if types of peanuts are: port peanuts from China. While we do I understood the gentleman from Texas Virginia-type peanut, which is grown not agree that there has been a shortage [Mr. POAGE] correctly, I think he said chiefly in Virginia, North and South su:tncient to warrant such importation, the peanut acreage had been reduced Carolina, and Tennessee. The Valencia, we do recognize that corrective measures 60 percent since the controls on peanuts which is grown in New Mexico with a such as those proposed in this bill should 1951 . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2095 be enacted into law so that the Secretary would be established if the national acre­ The Clerk read as follows: of Agriculture may at all times allocate age allotment for such year were ap­ Be it enacted, etc., That section 358 of the sufficient acreage to produce an adequate portioned among the States on the basis Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as supply of all types of peanuts to meet of the acreage allotted to each State as amended, is amended to read as follows: consumer demand at fair and reasonable its share of the final 1950 national acre­ 1. Subsection ( c) is amended to rekd as prices. age allotment of 2,200,194 acres. follows: "(c) (1) The national acreage allotment In 1949 with the wartime demand at Second. It provides that the nationai for 1951, 1952, 1953, and 1954, less the acre­ an end, it became necessary to adjust acreage allotment for 1955 and any sub­ age to be allotted to new farms under sub­ production again to peacetime needs, sequent year, less the acreage to be al­ section (f) of this section, shall be appor­ and marketing quotas were made eff ec­ lotted to new farms, shall be apportioned tioned among the States on the basis of the tive in 1949 for the first time since 1942. among the States on the basis of the av­ average acreage of peanuts harvested for nuts The 1949 national acreage allotment erage acreage of peanuts harvested for in each State during the 5-year period 1945- called for a reduction in acreage from nuts in the State in the 5 years preceding 1949: Provided, That the State acreage allot­ ment so established for any State shall not 3,311,000 to 2,628,970 acres, a reduction the year in which the national acre­ be less than the acreage allotment which of 20.6 percent. In 1950 the national age allotment is determined, adjusted for would be established for such State if the :acreage allotment was again reduced abnormal conditions of production. The national acreage allotment for such year were from 2,628,970 to 2,200,194 acres, another amount of the harvested acreage for any apportioned among the States on the basis of reduction of 16.3 percent. In 1951 the year used in making this determination the acreage allotted to each State as its share national acreage allotment was again re­ may not exceed the State acreage allot­ of the final 1950 national acreage allotment duced from 2,200,194 acres in 1950 to ment for that year. Thus, the actual of 2,200,194 acres: Provided furth er, That the allotment so determined for any State for 1,771,117 acres, a reduction of 19.5 per­ acreage harvested will be used if such 1951 which is less than the 1951 State allot­ cent. This represents a total reduction in acreage is less than the State allotment; ment announced by the Secretary prior to acreage in thre crop-years from 3,311,000 but, if the harvested acreage exceeds the the enactment of this act shall be increased to 1,711,117, or 46.5 percent. This is one State allotment, the latter will be used to such announced allotment and the acre­ of the sharpest acreage reductions that as the acreage for that yeJ.r. age required for the increase authorized producers of any commodity have ever Third. It provides that, if the Secre­ under the foregoing provisos shall be in addi­ been called upon to make within such a tion to the national acreage allotment and tary of Agriculture finds that any type the production from such acreage shall be short period of time. . of peanuts is in short supply and will be in addition to the national marketing quota. It is the pw·pose of the bill now before insufficient to meet the estimated de­ "(2) The national acreage allotment for us to provide a basis for fairly adjusting mands of the trade, the allotment to 1955 and any subsequent year, less the acre­ production to peacetime needs as rapidly those States producing such type pea­ age to be allotted to new farms under sub­ as is possible without creating undue nut shall be increased to the extent section (f) of this section, shall be appor­ hardship, and at the same time assuring necessary to produce a quantity of pea­ tioned among the States on the basis of the average acreage of peanuts harvested for nuts an adequate prQduction of all needed nuts sufficient to meet such a demand. in the State in the 5 years preceding the types of peanuts. This bill is designed to This is a vitally important part of this year in which the national acreage allotment accomplish this objective through the bill and means that no longer will there is determined, adjusted for abnormal condi­ gradual elimination of the minimum al­ be a shortage within a surplus. The tions of production, but such harvested acre­ lotment provisions and a return to a his­ Secretary of Agriculture is given full age for any year of the 5-year period shall tory basis for apportionment of the na­ authority to see that the edible trade not exceed the State acreage allotment for tional allotment, in order that all States are provided with a sufficient number such year. "(3) Notwithstanding any other provision will be treated alike and will receive their of peanuts to meet the demands, and of law, if the Secretary of Agriculture deter­ allotments on a formula common to all it is only fair and just that our farmers mines, on the basis of the average yield per the States; namely, the acreage of pea­ be allowed to produce the amount of acre of peanuts by types during the preceding nuts harvested in the State during a peanuts that are needed and can be 5 years, adjusted for trends in yields and moving base period. used without adversely affecting the abnormal conditions of production affecting In general, it is the principal method economy of the peanut industry. yields in such 5 years, that the supply of any employed in apportioning allotments of type or types of peanuts for any marketing. This provision is intended to permit year, beginning with the 1951-52 marketiµg all other crops. It is. recognized, how­ the producers of a particular type of year, will be insufficient to meet the esti­ ever, that to require all States to have peanut to produce a sufficient quantity mated demand for cleaning and shelUng pur­ their allotments determined immediately to meet the demands of the trade with­ poses at prices at which the Commodity upon the basis of historical acreages, Credit Corporation may sell for such pur­ would cause some states to take reduc­ out being penalized because there is an poses peanuts owned or controlled by it, the tions so large that undue hardship would over-all surplus of peanuts in some other State allotments for those States producing result. Therefore, under the proposed type or types. Under the present law no such type or types of peanuts shall be in­ bill those States which do not now have relief can be afforded to the producers creased to the extent determined by the Sec­ of a particular type of peanut even retary to be required to meet such demand. a historical base sufficient to justify The total increase so determined shall be their current allotment will be given an though they do not contribute to the sur­ apportioned among such States for distribu­ opportunity over a reasonable period of plus, and the demands of the trade will tion among farms producing peanuts of such time to establish ba.Se histories which more than take care of the amount being type or types on the basis of the average will enable such States to maintain their produced under the present program. acreage of peanuts (excluding acreage in excess of farm allotments) of such type or current relationship with other States. If relief is to be given to the growers types in the 3 years preceding the year in This is accomplished by providing for the for the 1951 crop, it is vitally important or for which the allotments are being deter­ establishment of allotments of those that this legislation be enacted immedi­ mined. The additional acreage so required States on the basis of the final 1950 al­ ately, because the planting season will shall be in addition to the national acreage lotments and by adding the additional soon be upon us. This body in 1950 allotment, the production from such acreage acreage required to the national allot­ passed a bill that would substantially shall be in addition to the national market­ ment. ing quota, r..nd the increase in acreage al­ have taken care of the situation that we lotted under this provision shall not be con­ It will be seen, therefore, that the main are discussing, but the other body failed sidered in establishing future State, county, provisions of this bill are: to take any action whatsoever. It is or farm acreage allotments." First. It provides that the national 2. Subsection ( d) is amended by changing acreage allotment for 1951, 1952, 1953, hoped that in the very near future they the second sentence to read as follows: and 1954, less the acreage alloted to new will see ·fit to take some positive action "(d) The State acreage allotment for 1952 farms, shall be apportioned among the to correct and remedy this situation and any subsequent year shall be appor­ States on the basis of the a:verage acre­ whereby a great injustice and inequity tioned among farms on which peanuts were is being done to producers of a certain produced in any one of the three calendar age of peanuts harvested for nuts in each years immediately preceding the year for State during the 5-year period 1945-49. type of peanut. which such apportionment is made, on the It is provided, however, that the allot­ The CHAffiMAN. All time for general basis of the following: Past acreage of pea­ ment so established for any State shall debate having expired, the Clerk will read nuts, taking into consideration the acreage not be less tha:::.1 the allotment which the bill for amendment. allotments previously established for the XCVII-132 2098 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE MARCH 7 farm; abnormal conditions affecting acreage; plus the allotment which would have been against the small-type operator and giv­ land, labor, and equipment available for the determined for the farm so acquired: Pro­ ing these big producers a chance to keep production of peanut s; crop-rotation prac­ vided, That such allotment shall not exceed their labor without drafting them off the tices; and soil and other physical factors 50 percent of the acreage of cropland on the affecting the production of peanuts." farm. farms, it is one of the greatest mistakes 3. Add new subsections (e), (f), (g), and· "The provisions of this section shall not that this country could possibly make, (h) as follows: be applicable if (a) there is any marketing and I say that the Selective Service op­ " ( e) Notwithstanding the foregoing pro­ quota penalty due with respect to the mar­ erators ought to look into it and see that visions of this section, the Secretary may, keting of peanuts from the farm acquired by this policy is corrected. if the State committee recommends such the Federal, State or other agency or by Mr. AUGUST · H. ANDRESEN. Mr. action and the Secretary determines · that the owner of the farm; (b) any peanuts pro­ Chairman, will the gentleman yield? such action will facilitate the effective ad­ duced on such farm have not been accounted Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I yield ministrat ion of the provisions of the act; for as required by the Secretary; or ( c) the provide for the apportionment of the State allotment next established for the farm to the gentleman from Minnesota. acreage aliot ment for 1952 and any subse­ acquired by the Federal, State, or other Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I know quent year among the counties in the State agency would have been reduced because of the gentleman operates a family-sized on t:he basis of the past acreage of peanuts false or improper identification of peanut s dairy farm himself. I would like to ask harvested for nut s (excluding acreage in J:'!"O(j.uced on or marketed from such farm." him, in the case he referred to, of a excess of farm allotments) in the county Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr~ farmer having 15 milk cows, if that farm-. during the 5 years immediately preceding the year in which such apportionment is Chairman, I move to strike out the last er used a milking machine, or does the made, with such adjustments as are deemed word. gentleman himself use a milking ma- necessary for abnormal conditions affecting Mr. Chairman, there is not a peanut chine on his dairy farm? acreage, for trends in acreage, and for addi­ raised in my district, but there are a few Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I am tional allotments . for types of peanuts in peanut politicians up there. The remark not as expert as some men in public life short supply under the provisions of sub­ was made here today that they are I could mention in using a milking ma­ section (c). The county acreage allotment drafting peanut and cotton farmers into chine, but I probably could get away shall be apportioned among farms on the basis of the factors set forth in subsection the Armed Forces, thereby creating a with it if I had to. (d) of this section. closed shop for the peanut-growing in- Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN.' Well, "(f) Not more than 1 percent of the na­ dustry. I am not qualified to speak on does the gentleman use a milking ma­ tional acreage allotment shall be apportioned that, but I can say with accuracy that chine on his own place or does he do it among farms on which peanuts are to be pro­ they are doing a good job on the up- by hand in the old-fashioned method? duced during the calendar year for which State dairy farms of New York. Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I will the allotment is made but on which peanuts While I am not quarreling with Gen- tell you a little story about the man who were not produced during any one of the eral Hershey on the matter of drafting ran against me in the last primary. He past 3 years, on the basis of the following: Past peanut-producing experience by the boys off the farm any more than I would made the statement that I did not know producers; land, labor, and equipment avail­ boys in the cities, I do want to state that anything about a dairll farm and then JLble for the production o::'. peanut s; crop­ they are deliberately, in my district at he immediately told the Grange that he rotation prr.ctices; and soil and ot her physi­ least, ruining the family-sized dairy was addressing that he and his father cal factors affecting the production of pea­ farm in favor of the big-time operators, and his brother milked 160 cows by hand nuts. those with 300 to 500 dairy cows, by twice a day, and got away with it. "(g) Any part of the acreage allotted to saving their farm hands from military . Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, will the jndividual farms under the provisions of service. On the other hand, the average . gentleman yield? 8 this section on which peanuts will not be produced and which is voluntarily surren­ farmer in my district milking 20 cows Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I yield dered to the county committee shall be de­ is having his son drafted off the farm; to the gentleman from New York. ducted from ti;.e allotments to such farms He has just one recourse, and that is to Mr. JAVITS. The gentleman is on and may be reapportioned by the county close up shop. He closes his dairy and the Committee on Agriculture, and I committee to ot her farms in the same county he loses his farm. He has no other wonder if the gentleman would help me receiving allotments, in amounts determined choice because he cannot get any help and some of the rest of us here to get by the · county committee to be fair and to continue with the farm. some information we just cannot get. reasonable on the basis of land, labor, and equipment avail~ble for the production of So while I am not quarreling with the I have asked the Department of Agricul­ peanuts, crop-rotation practices, and soil and draft law nor with the draft regulations, ture time and again to give me a record other physical factors affecting the produc­ because my record will show I have gone of how many farmers enjoyed the bene­ tion of peanuts. Any transfer of allotments right down the line-when the Nation fit of the support price and other pay­ under this provision shall not operate to needed manpower I was all for getting it ments under these various programs, reduce the allotment for any subsequent in any way we could-I am against a and they always come back arid tell me, year for the farm from which acreage is transferred, except as the farm becomes in­ policy, whether it is openly announced "Well, we do not know exactly how eligible for an allotment by failure to pro­ or secretive, of deliberately attempting to many; some are indirect, some are direct. duce peanuts during a 3-year period, and ruin the family-sized dairy farms of my We are very sorry." P.erhaps if we could any such transfer shall not operate to in­ district by drafting all of their farm pin it down to some figures we could soon crease the allotment for any subsequent help. .find out whether t.tiese vast expenditures year for the farm to which the acreage is The other day I received a letter from on support programs are being expended transferred: Provided, That, notwithstanding a man who is milking 15 cows. He has for the people who need it. any other provisions of this act, any part one son and the boy is going away. He The CHl\IRMAN. The time of the of any farm acreage allotment may be per­ manently released in writing to the county told me he was· not complaining about gentleman from New York has expired. committee by the owner and operator of the the young man being drafted because he Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Ch;:tirman, I ask farm, and reapportioned as provided herein. realized it was a matter of necessity and unanimous consent that the gentleman ·. "(h) Notwithstanding any other p;ovision a matter of patriotic duty; however, be permitted to proceed for three addi­ of this section, the allotment determined there was another farmer he knew of- tional minutes. or which would have been determined for incidentally there were a number of The CHAIRMAN. Is their objection any land which is removed from agricultural farmers cir men who posed as farmers"-'." to the request of the gentleman from production in 1950 or any subsequent year for any purpose because of acquisition by who owned a herd of about 250 cows and New York? any Federal, State, or other agency having who was able to exert enough influence There was r ) objection. a right of eminent domain shall be placed so that the help was not drafted off the Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I thank in a pool and shall be available for use in farm. the gentleman. I can answer . the gen- providing equitable allotments for farms i say that if conditions are going on tleman in this way, that one of the rea­ ow:i;ied or acquired by owners displaced be­ like that they are accomplishing tne sons why I brought up a motion to cause of acquisition of their farms by such creation of communism in this .country recommit the bill last year containing agencies. Upon application to the county committee, within 5 years from the date of without. the firing of a single shot or the subsidy payments is because the peo­ such acquisition of the farm, any 'owner so without combating communism from the ple up in my district and in up-State displaced shall be entitled to have an allot­ outside. If you ruin the family-sized New York were excluded from any par­ ment for any other farm owned or acquired farms of America, whether it is a peanut ticipation 'in . the entire area. Now, I by him equal to an allotment which would farm or cotton farm or dairy farm, by cannot give the gentleman. any .figures have been determined for such other farm deliberately prejudicing them by a policy in the other States, but I can tell you 1951 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2097 that insofar as up-State New York goes, Mr. Chairman, it is not my purpose announcement of the 1951 crop last year, we are devoid and we are deprived of any or desire to debate what the purposes of it is now understood and everybody ad­ participation in what the so-called farm the Department of Agriculture are or mits that the type of peanut we desire bloc is able to participate in. We are what it was created for, nor the Depart­ to bring into production to meet the not members of the farm bloc in up­ ment of Labor. I realize tne Department market demand is now in short supply. state New York. of Labor was created purposely to look The consumers are asking for it, the Mr. JAVITS. I would like to tell the out for labor, and the Department of Ag­ manufacturers are asking for it, and all gentleman as far as the city people are riculture, of course, is for the farmer those who have analyzed the problem concerned, we are caught on the one and the consumer. I favor this. agree that something should be done. side of the argument that the little Neither do I propose to get into a Not to cause a great hardship on cer­ dairyman is not participating and on debate as to whether the agricultural tain other areas, the Secretary of Agri­ the other side by other assertions that program is socialistic, nor do I care to culture here is permitted to take into it is the middleman who is skimming get into a debate as to whether rural consideration a special provision which off all the milk, and the city peo,,ple are electrification is socialistic. However, was granted in the last session of the paying for it. All we know is that food Mr. Chairman, I hope the committee Congress with respect to the runner and is just going out of sight far and beyond will weigh the situation in which we find Spanish-type peanuts. It will only per­ anything else. ourselves with respect to the peanut mit him to bring into supply the type of Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. The crops, types in long supply and in short peanut which the country now recog­ gentleman is right. As far as I am con­ supply and assist in correcting the situa .. nizes is in short supply. I do hope that cerned, the middleman is the one to tion. the bill is adopted. blame, and the dairy farmer is going As has been stated by the able rank.. This is not all I would like to see; I to take it on the chin just as much as ing minority member of the committee, would, frankly, like to see the type of the consumer. this program was started in 1938. The bill we have in the tobacco program Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Chair­ program worked well up until the Second where we provide for the burley and man, will the gentleman yield? World War. When the war approached, bright leaf and various other types of Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I yield quotas were taken off peanuts. The tobacco with respect to which allocations to the gentleman from New York. States of North Carolina and Virginia. are made. In the peanut-crop program Mr. COLE of New York. The gentle­ were unable to expand their crops. we consider the peanut as a whole. I man has referred to the attitude of the Other States expanded their crops, and hope the discussion here today will stick farmers in up-State New York. Since my peanuts were grown in large volume and to the problem of whether or not this is district adjoins his, I would not like the large acreage in new territory. a fair bill which I assure you it is. It impression to be conveyed abroad that When the acreage was brought back can be adjusted, as has been said, so as all the farmers in up-State New York under control, and prior to that time, to bring the entire crop for all types into are looking to the Federal Government a provision was put in the law that supply next year. Before this emergency for a hand-out. The farmers in my Virginia and North Carolina should not is over, in all probability, we might have congressional district are definitely op­ go below a specific number of acres, to lift quotas on peanuts again, at which posed to it. 225,000 for North Carolina and l80,000 time, should it happen, provisions should Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I hope or 190,000 for Virginia. Quotas were be made so as to avoid a repetition of the gentleman is not trying to put words lifted due to the fact that peanut oil, the present situation. into my mouth in saying that the people peanut butter, and other peanut prod­ Ladies and gentlemen of the Commit· of up-State New York want a hand-out ucts were found to be an asset to the tee, I firmly believe this proposed change war effort. in the existing peanut program is for and subsidies, because I have fought this the best interest of the entire agricu1 .. program right down the line. As I do The question was asked, what part did tural program and I hope it will be not have the last year's RECORD at hand, peanut products play in the war? Pea· adopted. I do not know offhand if the gentleman nut oil was used in submarines for. cook· Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, I went along with my position and voted ing, and so forth, as a substitute by our move to strike out the last word. for the Hall motion to recommit the allies for fats and oil, and it was used Mr. Chairman, when my time expired whole subsidy program. But I suggest in other fields of the war. The ques .. during general debate I was attempting he familiarize himself with my attitude tion is that the program got out of line and my long fight against hand-outs of due to expansion brought about by the to get an answer from the chairman of this kind. war. This is a step to bring the program the committee as to the actual meaning of subsection (f) on page 5 of the bill. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. back into line. . I do not believe the chairman answered Chairman, will the gentleman yield? We in North Carolina and we in Vir .. my question. Referring to language on Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I yield ginia realize the excessive price of the page 10 of the report under section 358 to the gentleman from Michigan. jumbo peanut, the baseball-park peanut,

·~I • in spending money for expansion or to DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, " · acreage allotments for 1951, no State allot- enter a given activity. So let us see OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, ment would be established at a level below what the Department of Agriculture Washington, February 19, 195t. '°""';;. the allotment already determined ·and an- Hon. HAROLD D. COOLEY, Shington, D. C. H. R. SPIVEY. Quitman, Tex., May 29, 1950. DEAR MR. BEcKWORTH: In reply to your Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, letter of May 16, 1950, with reference to the New Ho~e Office Building, INFORMATION ABOUT POSSIBLE 1952 ALLOT• peanut-acreage allotment for our country: Washington, D. C. MENTS 1. We have 109 farms with peanut allot­ DEAR Go.MGRESSMAN: This is in reference to (Extension of remarks of Hon. Lindley Beck­ ments. your letter, dated May 13, 1950, to the Wood worth, of Texas, in the House of Repre­ 2. Producers in general should have at least County PMA Committee. sentatives, Friday, January 12, 1951) 15 acres per farm in order to grow them We have approximately 400 peanut pro­ Mr. BECKWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I desire to economically. Cucers in the county. The least number of include in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the let­ 3. There are 78 farms in the county that acres each producer can afford to grow is 2 ter I have received from the Department have an allotment of less than 15 acres. acres. We have about 150 producers who re­ of Agriculture: 4. V!e have 15 farms with less than 2-acre ceived allotments of less than 2 acres. Of DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, allotments. those growers having allotments of less than Washington, D. C., December 15, 1950. 5. All farms with less than 2-acre allot­ 2 acres, there will be about 25 or 50 who will Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, ments will cease to grow pea.nuts. cease to grow peanuts. I do not believe there House of Representatives. 6. Probably none of these producers will will be any cease to farm for themselves. DEAR MR. BECKWORTH: This is in reply to cease to farm for themselves, but will have The number of new producers were 35 and questions which you raised in our telephone to grow other·crops for a livelihood. the number of acres distributed was 21.4 conversation of November 27, and also in 7. We have 21 producers who applied for acres and the average to each was 0.6 of an reply to your letter of November 27, 1950, new-grower allotments. acre. regarding what might happen to a particular 8. A total of 27.3 acr.es were allotted to The excess acreage (for soil) up to the 1947 county's cotton acreage allotment and the picked and threshed will help at least 150 new growers of this county by the Stat~ allotments for fodividual farms within the committee. or 200 producers in Wood County. county, if cotton acreage allotments should 9. On an average each new grower received Hoping the above is the desired informa­ tion, I am be required in 1952. 1.3 acres. In our letter of November 24, 1950, we Yours very truly, outlined the present provisions of the Agri­ Roy E. BARNETT, cultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amend­ DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Secretary, Wood County PMA Com­ ed, that would probably cause 1952 State PRODUCTION AND MARKETING mittee. and county cotton-acreage allotments, if re­ ADMINISTRATION, quired, to vary from those established in Quincy, Fla., May 26, 1950. 1950 (in many cases the difference would be Mr. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, ' AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT substantial) even if no change is made in House of Representatives, the national acreage allotment in 1952 from Washington, D. C. ADMINISTRATION, 1950. This is true because of changes in DEAR MR. BECKWORTH: In reply to your Allendale, S. C., June 1, 1950. base periods and in formulas provided in the letter of May 12, 1950, we have 175 peanut Mr. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, act for apportioning the national allotment producers in Gadsden County. The least House of Representatives, to States and the State acreage allotments to number of acres a farmer can grow econom­ Washington, D. C. counties. We have also discussed with you in ically is usually 5 acres; 89 of these allot­ DEAR MR. BECKWORTH: I am listing below previous letters that the provisions of the ments are under 5 acres; 39 received less the information requested in your letter act do not include the acreage planted to than 2 acres. Nearly all of these will quit dated May 18, 1950: cotton in 1951 in the base for establishing growing peanuts for harvest. We have no 1. What is the least number of acres an 1952 state and county allotments and, there­ way of knowing how many farmers will cease average farmer can afford to grow or eco­ fore, will not affect them. to farm for themselves on this account. It nomically grow: 5. Since farm cotton-acreage allotments are will cause some to do so. Seventeen new 2. How many producers received allot­ determined primarily on a uniform county growers applied for peanut acreage thfs ments less than the nu.uber of acres shown percentage of cropland, the acreage planted year-1950. We have 17.4 acres to distribute in .1: 135. to cotton on a farm has little bearing on the to them. These range from 0.5 to 1.7 acres.· 3. How many peanut producers received allotment. The law provides that the acreage Trusting this ts the information you de­ allotments less than 2 acres: 76. of cotton be used in determining minimum sired, I am, 4. Of the number of peanut farmers re­ and maximum allotments in distributing Yours truly, ceiving allotments of less than 2 acres, how the county allotment (less the acreage re­ BERNARD H. CLARK, many will cease to grow peanuts: 50 percent. served by the county committee) to eligible Administrative Officer, Gadsden 5. Approximately how many will cease to cotton farms. Therefore, 1! all farmers in a County, PMA. farm for themselves: None. 2106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 7 6. How many new producers applied for How many of your peanut farmers re­ THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, peanut acreage this year (1950): 9. ceived allotments of less than 2 acres: 2. Washington, D. C., October 4, 1950. 7. How many acres were distributed to How many of this number (receiving allot­ Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, them: 18.6. ments of less than 2 acres) will cease to House of Representatives, 8. Approximately how much did each grow peanuts: 2. Washington, D. C. receive: 2. How many will cease to farm for them­ DEAR MR. BECKWORTH: We have tabulated Very ·truly yours, selves: None. the information on the number of farmers HENRY B. BARKER, How many new producers applied for pea­ who received cotton acreage allotments of County Administrative Officer, PMA. nut acreage in 1950: 2. less than 5 acres which you requested in our How many acres did you distribute to recent telephone conversation and your DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, them: 4.7. note of September 26. PRODUCTION AND MARKETING Approximately how much did each re­ A summary of this information taken ADMINISTRATION, ceive: 1.5 and 3.2. from the letters published in the CONGRES­ Quitman, Tex., April 10, 1950. SIONAL RECORD of July 26, July 31, Septem­ Hon: LINDLEY BECKWORTH, OFFICE OF THE MAYOR, ber 22, and S~ptember 23 shows the follow­ ing: · House Office Building, CITY OF KILGORE, TEX., Washington, D. C. September 30, 1950. Number of allotments of less than DEAR CONGRESSMAN: This is in reference to Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, 5 acres reported ______22, 145 your letter of April 5, 1950, to the county House Office Building, ,Tho:::e who will grow no cotton: committee. Washington, D. C. Number------4, 453 (1) The number of farmers recei.ving 5 DEAR LINDLEY: Enclosed is a photo ·copy of Percent______20 acres of cotton or less was 1,248. (2) The a cotton notice to Tommie N. Nixon, who Those who will quit farming: number of new producers of that applied for resides near Kilgore, which is self-exp!ana.. Number------878 allotments were 340. (3) The acreage that tory. Percent______4 was available to distribute among the new I think it a shame and disgrace to penalize I am returning the CONGRESSIONAL R:;:c­ prod:ucers was 300. (4) Each producer re­ this man-or any other person of like ORDS and am enclosing the listing sheets as ceived from 1 to 1.1 acres. (5) _The number status-for growing three bales of cotton on you may be interested in reviewing the in­ of zero allotments were 10. (6) The percent a little old worn-out east Texas farm, ei:;pe­ dividual items. of new producers regarded as genuine cially in the face cf such a short cotton crop Sincerely yours, farmers was 88 percent (300) applications. throughout the Nation this year, and with a WALTER W. WILCOX, The number applications left from item 2 big demand for cotton. We hce in Kilgore Senior Specialist, Agriculture, Legis­ less item 5, less item 6, consisted of 30 ap­ can't buy sheets for our new hospital because lative Reference Service. plications that did not meet the necessary of shortages of sheets on the market. eligibility requirements. I have known Tommie for 30 years or If you desire further information, please DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, more. During all t:qese years he has been PRODUCTION AND MARKETING advise. trying to eke out a living raising whatever Yours very truly, ADMINISTRATION, crops and stock he could in order to live­ Henrietta, Tex., June 1, 1950. Roy E. BARNETT, not make money. He lives outside the oil Secretary, Wood County PMA. LI:NDLC..Y BECKWORTH, field and has no income from that source. Washington, D. C. As I understand it, he didn't grow any cotton DEAR MR. BECKWORTH: There are 42 peanut DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, for perhaps 1 or 2 years and for that reason producers in Clay County. About 3 acres PRODUCTION AND MARKETING was refused a quota for this year. is the least number of acres a farmer can .ADMINISTRATION, In view of the fact there is every indication afford to grow. There were 13 producerlt in Cross City, Fla., May 31, 1950. now there will be ".l.O restrictions on planting this county that received allotments of le'ss Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, cotton in 1951, the short crop this year, and than the 3 acr-es mentioned above. There Congressman, Third Congressional the high cost of living for these poor farmers, were 6 producers that received allotments of District of Texas, I see no reason why these restrictions can't less than 2 acres. Peanut farmers receiving Washington, D. C. be lifted now and give these people the relief allotments of less than 2 acres, will cease DEAR CONGRESSMAN: Reference is made to so badly needed. to grow peanuts commercially but will grow your letter of May 12 relative to peanut pro­ What can you do about it now? some for home use. None will cease to farm ducers in Dixie County, Fla. Dixie County Regards and best wishes. for themselves. There were 13 new pro­ is primarily a livestock ·county and most of Sincerely, ducers that applied for peanut acreage in the farmers produce peanuts for hog feed. Roy H. LAIRD. Clay County in 1950. New grower reserves However, we do have some 20 farmers who were retained in the State office. All new grow peanuts for digging. Of these 18 have DSPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE', growers received a total of 13.4 acres. less than 2 acres allotment. It is the gen­ PRODUCTION AND MARKETING, Yours truly, eral thinking of the average farmer that ADMINISTRATION, ERMON D. WILLIAMS, they cannot economically dig and pick less Burgaw, N. C., May 26, 1950. Secretary, Clay County :PMA. than 5 acres. Of the number of farmers Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, having less than 2 acres allotments none House of Representatives, will cease growing peanuts but about 75 per­ [From the Farmer-Stockman of November Washington, D. c. 1950] cent of them will not dig. We had no new DEAR HONORABLE BECKWORTH : This is in re­ producers applying for acreage this year but ply to your letter of May 18, 1950. The fol­ TALKS WITH OUR READERS the reason for this was that when told the lowing is a list of the questions and an­ (By Ferdie J. Deering, editor) probable size of new grower allotments those swers requested in your letter: that were interested decided that it would The futility of Government attempts to not be worth the trouble of filling out the 1. The number of peanut producers in control crop production through acreage al­ forms. Pender County: 335. lotments is demonstrated again in the 1950 Trusting that this is the information that 2. Number of acres of peanuts a producer cotton-crop failure. So, for 1951 at least, you desire, I am, can grow economically: 5. there won't be any acreage controls on the Very truly yours, 3. Number of allotments less than 5 acres cotton crop. CLARENCE L. DICKINSON, in county: 185. The breakdown of the allotment system County Agent. 4. Number of allotments in county less might be glossed over by designating last than 2 acres: 56. spring's "cotton surplus" as a "national re­ 5. Number of allotments in county less serve" this fall. But that won't keep farm­ DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, ers from regarding last spri_ng's red tape PRODUCTION AND MARKETING than 2 acres which will not be planted: None. 6. Approximately how many will cease to in the form of red ink this fall. What does ADMINISTRATION, it matter if cotton sells for 40 cents a pound Burnet, Tex., May 29, 1950. farm for themselves: None. 7. Number of producers who applied for if you lost your crop to bugs, bad weather, To: Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, House of Rep­ and bureaucrats? resentatives, Washington, D. C. new allotments in Pender County in 1950: 11. From: Raby A. Alford, secretary, Burnet 8. How many acres did we have to dis­ Farmers planted only about 18,000,000 of County PMA. tribute to them? We did not have any acre­ the 21,000,000 acres allotted this year, in Subject: Information requested in letter of age to distribute to them as the distribution spite of clamor for larger allotments in some May 13, 1950. • of acreage is done in Raleigh for new growers. areas. Texas in 1949 grew about one-third Information as requested is listed below: 9. How many acres did the new growers of the Nation's cotton, so drew a big cut in What is the least number of acres average receive in Pender County: 3. acreage this year. But farmers planted 8 peanut producer can afford to grow: 5. Very truly yours, percent less than allotted. Oklahoma, with How many producers received allotments T. W. GARRISS, a small allotment, failed by about 19 per­ less than acreage mentioned above: 7. Secretary, Pender County PMA. cent to get it all planted. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2107,

A survey by Texas Congi;essman LINDLEY The point of difference between us is bill is intended as an insurance policy, BECKWORTH revealed that one reason was this, that when I speak of last year, it or if it is a policy to protect the small that , all over ·the Cotton Belt, th"ousauds of is the last year on which there are com­ farmer, then there should be a limita­ farmers received less than 5 acres cotton be acreage allotment. Many of these planted plete figures for the loss, so that the last tion that the benefits or the subsidy no cotton. year of· the peanut program is actually not paid to people who have large in­ In Oklahoma, 384 of LeFlore County's th~ 1949 crop. ·The crop was -then mar­ comes. There is no doubt there is a fine 2,097 cotton growers had less than 5 acres. keted after it was grown and harvested. market at this time for peanuts-so why _ In Stephens Co-unty 305 had 5 acres or less, The marketing procedures were handled do we need to keep pushing up prices in Atoka County 659 growers were assigned by the Department of Agriculture, which to the consumer at this time of emer­ less than 5 acres. In Carter County, where came up with a loss of $40,000,000 for gency and adding more to the burden Ardmore was once a m ajor inland cotton the past year. The current year is 1950 the taxpayers have to pay, which is market, 154 of the 735 old cotton growers had under 5 acres. The list could be ex­ and the figures are an estimated loss of already so heavy for necessary defense tended in Texas, Tennessee, Arkansas, or $20,000,000. The loss on these market needs. We should cut all nondefense ex­ Mississippi. operations will be reached in 1951. The penditures to the bone. I ask that the The allotments didn't cause the main re­ gentleman can readily see and certainly bill be defeated. duction in cotton yields, though. Bad cannot deny . that ther.e was an actual The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ weather in many areas, and heavy insect loss of $40,000,000. nizes the gentleman from .California. damage in most sections, cut yields so that Let us go · a. little' further. This bill [Mr. YORTY]. farmers grew only about 10,000;000 bales of gives a carte blanche without any limi­ Mr. YORTY. Mr. Chairman, my in­ cotton, much less than our usual needs. Most of the 1948 and 1949 loan cotton lias moved tation to the Secretary of Agriculture. terest in this bill stems from the fact into trade. We need a cotton crop in 1951 There are no rules of procedure set up that I have a ball park in my district to avoid a cotton shortage. Until Govern­ in this bill. ·There is no formula or where they consume a considerable ment can control the weather, it can't con- policy by which the Secretary of Agri­ quantity of peanuts. trol crop production. . culture must operate. He can set the Inasmuch as the gentleman handling Commentators have a lot to say about acreage in any way that he wants within the bill suggested that if we would like Government losses on price-support pro­ · the program. Actually he can divide· to understand it we should read the re­ grams. Some of it is true. Part may be the program among the States, or he can port, I have been reading the report, easily misinterpreted. divide it up among the various types of and I notice in the letter from the Sec­ Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, I move peanuts as he alone wants without any retary of ·Agriculture, contained in the to strike out the last word. supervision or without Congress saying report, it says, "Subject to the objec­ Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. on what principles he shall do it. tions outlined above, the Department Chairman, will the gentleman yield? I agree with the previous speaker, the recommends passage of the bill." Mr. FULTON. I yield. gentleman from Texas, who felt that this I would like the gentleman handling Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Dur­ bill is an abdication of the right of the the bill to tell me whether or not these ing the debate in which I participated a Congress to see that there is free enter­ objections have been met? I am not leading question was asked which im­ prise on the farms just as there is in asking for an explanation if they have plied that I was attempting tO join in business. not, because I do not want all my time this program of subsidies, and that I In addition to that this bill gives un­ taken up, but I would like to know if was out of step with some of the people limited discretion to the Secretary over the objections referred to by the Acting in up-State New York in so doing. all types of peanuts without exception. Secretary, Mr. McCormick, have been I want to emphasize the fact that I At the top of page 10 of the Agriculture met in the wording of this bill, as pres­ led the fight here last y·ear against this Committee hearings the chairman says: ently written? program, and I expect to keep right on As I understand the present law it is ap­ Mr. COOLEY. The objections raised doing it. plicable to all types of peanuts, when the here were that they did not want to add Mr. FULTON. May I answer the gen­ Secretary feels it necessary, desirable, or ex­ anything to the total national allotment tleman from Texas [Mr. POAGE] on his pedient to reduce the acreage of peanuts and this year. You cannot create an equi­ statement that I did not explicitly say issue a proclamation calling for reductions table situation without either adding to that the program lost $40,000,000 last applicable to all types of peanuts in all areas; the national allotment or reducing to year. I now explicitly so state without is that true? some State the allotment promised by any inference about it, and say that the And Mr. Woolley answered: the Department in December. We felt gentleman from Texas is completely That is correct. it would be inequitable to violate the wrong when he says the Government promise made in December, and we felt did not lose $40,000,000. I say that he That means this is a program, part of that the sound thing to do was to bring is wrong in order that the issue will be which is based on the principle of ex­ everybody under absolute equality and plain as to the cost of this program to pediency. Expediency is a very weak then in future years we could bring them the taxpayers on the last year there are reason for action by any Governµi.ent all up or down together. complete records. I cite for my author­ official. ·There is nothing that the Secre­ Mr. YORTY. Then the answer is ity the testimony of Mr. Frank K. Wool­ tary of Agriculture has to guide him in "No," as I take it. ley, Deputy Administrator, PMA, that this bill, and it can cost the taxpayers of Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, if the administered the program, where he this country, not $20,000,000, which he gentleman will yield, the answer is obvi­ s·ays on page 11 of the hearings before estimates in this year, but $40,000,000 or ously "No" because the objection-is they the Agriculture Committee, "As a result $100,000,000. There is no stated limit are extending this program on the acre­ of the 1949 program we"-meaning the on the possible bleeding of the Treasury age to Spanish-type peanuts, which are PMA-"lost approximately $40,000,000 under this bill which can take place dur­ in enormous supply and which the Com­ in supporting the price of peanuts." ing the next fiscal year. modity Credit Corporation is stuck with, Mr. POAGE. Will the gentleman As a Representative speaking t.he point which is just the question that they could yield for a correction of what he said? of view of the taxpayers, and the con­ not answer to me a little while ago. Mr. FULTON. I will. sumer, I believe we should hear on this Mr. YORTY. I thank the gentleman. Mr. POAGE. We were .referring to floor more from the people who are going I was hoping to get a direct answer. I last year, which is 1950. If the g.entle­ to pay for these subsidy, acreage-allot­ notice in · the letter it also states: man will read Mr. Frank Woolley's ment, and marketing programs. We do However, this subsection, as written, places testimony he will find that he spent hear the Representatives speaking for the entire authority and responsibility for about $5,000,000, and thinks he may the producer groups who have these pro­ type increases with the Secretary of Agri­ spend as much as $16,000,000 on the 1950 duction programs at heart, but in addi­ culture, and we would prefer that the legisla­ tion the other factors and groups should tion contain specific provisions for increas­ crop, which was last year. You are re­ ing the allotment for Virginia and Valencia ferring now to the 1949 crop, which was be considered. I want the peanut farm­ types of peanuts in much t h e same way as not last year. ers in this country to succeed and get outlined in our letter of December 8, 1950- Mr. FULTON. I will accept that date a good price for their product, but I think as a correction. But he said that in the there should be some limitation on the A letter which I have not read. 1950 program the loss will be $20,000,000, amount that is to be asked from the Pub­ I take it that that is one of the ob­ which is simply an estimate as of today. lic Treasury for such subsidies. If the jections; that the Secretary was given 2108 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-_ HOUSE MARCH _7 too much authority-that is one of the The gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. Mr. HmSELTON. Mr. Chairman, if objections. RANKIN J is recognized. one thing has been demonstrated If I read the bill correctly, it was not Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, the. tnrough this debate, it is 'that if we met. I was hoping to have enlighten­ gentleman from Texas [Mr. BECK­ are not confused there is plenty of un­ ment and not evasion when I asked the WORTH] told of a farmer who was fined certainty and contradiction. I think question, because I have turned to the $100 for raising and selling one bale of this bill should be recommitted to the section in the bill referred to, and if I cotton. The gentleman from New York committee in the hope that we can have read it correctly, from my study of law, [Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL] told you of a better and more comprehensive pro­ the Secretary, by this wording, still has the conditions that prevail among the gram worked out. the authority to which the Secretary of small dairy farmers in his district. I was not able to obtain from the Agriculture objected. I represent as many small farmers, chairman of the committee, because of The gentleman · from Pennsylvania probably, as any other Member of this the limitation of time, an answer to the [Mr. FuLToNJ was told that he ought to House. The average farm in my county question I asked in general debate as to think the matter through. I want to is about 60 acres. We have one of the whether· or not we could not expect read here the language in the report, finest dairy counties in the South. Some sometime in the future, in the immediate and I hope I will have. time to fini"sh portion of the district I represent is future, a program for additional acreage reading it: · sandy land, and last year the cotton for cotton and other commodities The foregoing clearl-y discloses that the acreage was reduced so low that some of indefinitely. various States producing peanuts have those small farmers could not maim Mr. COOLEY. Does the gentleman shared in the 1950 national allotment and­ enough cotton to pay their taxes. They want an answer? unless the law is modified-will share in the were virtually driven from their fields; Mr. HESELTON. I do; I asked the 1951 national allotment upon different bases. and were then robbed of about a hun­ question in all sincerity and seriousness-.. In 1950 some of the States received allot­ dred dollars a bale on what cotton they Mr. COOLEY. The gentleman re­ ments on the basis of 5-year history. Other States received allotments based upon their did make, as a result of the Brannan f erred to cotton and ·asked if we would 1941 State allotments. order. bring in a bill increasing the acreage Still other States received allotments upon Thomas Jefferson, one of the wisest allotment. The answer to that is that the basis of 60 percent of the acreage har­ statesmen this world has ever produced, we do not intend to bring· in any bill vested in such States in 1948. This same warned the American peo.Ple that if the increasing the acreage on cotton because formula, in substance, will be in effect in time ever came when the Government at the present time there are no con­ 1951, because each State in 1951 will receive could tell the farmer "when to sow and trols on the production· of cotton. We its allotment based upon its original 1950 when to reap, the Nation will want allotment. In 1951, however, the national are trying to persuade the cotton farm­ allotment has been proclaimed at a level bread." ers to double their output, to produce substantially below the 1950 allotment -of This legislation is to limit 'the produc­ about 60 percent more cotton this year 2,100,000 acres, and States producing Vir-· tion of peanuts to certain areas. Do not than they did l~st year. ginia-type peanuts which are in short sup­ kid yourselves about it. The same thing Mr. HESELTON. All right. May I ply will have to take substantial reductions is being done with tobacco-growing. ask if there will be any additional legis­ because the minimum allotment provisions The next thing they will probably be latiOn as far as the gentleman can an-· are no longer directly operative when the national acreage allotment falls below regimenting the soybean growers, and ticipate during this session of Congress 2,100,000 acres. Thus, in effect, while at­ the growers of wheat and corn, and the involving increasing acreage of other tempting to bring about an over-all balance dairy farmers, and every other farmer commodities? in supply and demand, shortages in the pro­ in America. They are all subject to reg. Mr. COOLEY. None is contemplated du•tion of certain types of peanuts are imentati on under this program. as far as I know. likely to result. The thing to do is to recommit this Mr. HESELTON. All right; we have I do not think I have to read any more bill and let the Committee on Agricul­ gained something by that statement. to show you that you would have to read ture bring out a bill stopping this entire The assertion has been made this aft­ very carefully through a report of this program of regimentation. Then the ernoon that last year $40,000,000 and kind to be able in a short time to under­ price of cotton will rise to its normal this year $20,000,000 has been the cost stand anything more than that probably level. · of the peanut prograin. Let me read the people who orig!nally went to the I am just in receipt of the information from the testimony of Mr. Woolley: · Government and asked them to inter­ as tc:i the price of cotton here in the As a result of the 1949 program we lost fere in their affairs and to set up this United States, as fixed . by the powers approximately $40,000,000 in supporting the program are the ones who did not think that be, at 45.76 cents a pound. In Mex­ price of peanuts, and it is our estim(.l.te that it through. They set up a group of dif­ ico, on the same day, it was 64.98 cents we will lose in the p.eighborhood of $20,- $96.10 000,000 on the 1950 program. We-do not be­ ferent formulas which they are chang­ a pound, or a bale higher than it lieve that we should be in favor of legisla­ ing from time to time and by which they was in this country. tion which will result in continuing losses have not only confused themselves but In Brazil the price was 73.21 cents a to the Corporation at a time when we have that they are confusing the Congress. pound, or $137.25 a bale higher than it a very strong demand for certain types of I think the gentleman from Missis­ was in the United States. peanuts. sippi made a very good statement when In other words, the cotton farmers of Some of the confusion here today may he implied that we needed to take off the thls country are being robbed of $96.10 a arise from the use of figures for crop control of edible-type peanuts. It seems bale, as compared with the market in years and fiscal years. I have the fig - to me the simple thing to do would be to Mexico, and $137.25 a bale as compared ures of the Commodity Credit Corpora­ take the edible-type peanuts completely with the market in Brazil. I am in­ tion for the fiscal year ending June 30, out of the program. I cannot have any formed that Mexico has more than 1950. It shows on both shelled peanuts sympathy with those coming here and doubled her cotton acreage since this and farmers' stock a total loss of $41,. asking for price supports at one time and regimentation of the American cotton ·725,066.30. I adso have the figures on the control of acreage, and then, when farmers began, and that Brazil is rapidly these commodities for the first 6 months they get a little higher price, they come expanding her acreage. of fiscal 1951, and they show a total loss back and want the acreage increased; If this crazy program is continued, the of $4,922,349.51. and at the same time still want price little cotton farmers of this Nation may This comparatively satisfactory figure supports to stand. If you want to in­ find themselves reduced to economic is to be considered in the light of the crease the acreage, why do you not re­ slavery, or driven from their own fields. fact that there was a gain on the sale move price supports on this particular It is time for Congress to wake up and of farmers' stock of $1,374,888.40. It type of peanuts, and you will settle this turn back this fanatical trend toward certainly should be important that the whole controversy in a much simpler complete regimentation of the American gross loss on shelled peanuts during this way. farmers, before it is too late. period was $6,124,025.93. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman I think it will be important, not only gentleman from California [Mr. YORTY] from Massachusetts [Mr. HESELTON] is in the consideration of this ·bill, but for bas expired. · recognized. the record and in terms of the neces. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2109

sity of considering any further legisla­ transactions in peanuts for fiscal 19~9, a-s to approving or disapproving portions tion in this field to have a tabulation fiscal 1950, and the first 6 months of fis­ of a program which has piled onto the placed in the RECORD covering these cal 1951. It is as follows: shoulders of the American taxpayers substantial losses. I have listened to the Loss on dispo· Carrying explanations as to why this objection Purchases Sales . sition charges Total loss was not recognized, but they do not seem l reasonable to me. Fiscal 1949: Poundl Pound.' I can think of nothing more appro­ Shelled peanuts______586, H5, 651 613, 155, 381 $14, 771, 203. 39 $1, 850, 542. 71 Farmers' stock.______312, 818, 152 179, 026, 795 5, 036, 417. 37 866, 735. 27 priate for U8 to consider during these few 1-~~~--~~~~---~~~~1--~~~~1--~~~~ minutes before we vote than three ren­ Total 1949 ______------19, 807, 620. 76 2, 717, 277. 98 $22, SU, 898. 74 tences from the monthly economic letter l======~======l======il======I ======Fiscal 1950: of the Northeast Farm Foundation, Shelled peanuts______497, 756, 679 553, !)29, 404 37, 991, 787. 84 827, 113. 36 Farmers' st.ock..______74, 505, 263 75, 388, G!'.S 2, 598, 283. 30 307, 88L80 which I quoted in full ea:rlier this after­ noon: Total 1950.------~------4-0, 590, 071.14 1, 134, 99.'i.16 41, 72.l, 066.30 Now, however, the farmers of New York Fiscal 1951 (first 6 months): State feel that their enterprise can and Shelled peanuts______110, 803, ~28 110, 803, 321 6, 124, 025. 92 +42. 26 should stand on its own feet. They b~lieve Farmers' stock______166, 085, 120 139, 819, 326 +1, 374, 888. 40 173, 254. 25 that it is time to balance the national budg­ 1-~~~-1-~~~-11-~~~~1-~~~~1-~~~~ Total first 6 months 1951______------4, 749, 137. 52 173, 211. 99 4, 922, 349. 51 et and gird the national economy for what­ ever may come. They believe that all grou:r:>s Grand totaL ______------69, 172, 314. 55 s!J.ould now put country ahead of self-inter­ est, and they are prepared to back up this sentiment by example. The gentleman from California said Mr. COOLEY. Does he have any that the committee does not carry out questions? I think these farmers in the Northeast the recommendation of the Department Mr. HESELTON. I have pointed out are completely ri.ght, and that we in of Agriculture as to this legislation. some. There are plenty of Members on Congress have an even greater obligation That may not seem to be a substantial the floor who have indicated they do not at this time to do everything we can to sum of money in the minds of some, but understand it. Why did the committee eliminate any program which cannot be it is a very substantial sum of money in not follow out the recommendations of fully justified in order that the national the minds of people who are going to pay the Department of Agriculture? How budget may be brought into balance as their income tax on March 15. If we many pounds did the Department of far as possible and that the national have not all of us heard of that, if we Agriculture purchase and sell in fiscal economy can be girded for whatever may have not all of us had complaints about 1950? Six hundred and twenty-nine come. the spiraling cost of food for the Amer­ million three hundred and eighteen In terms of the over-all program with ican people, we will receive those com­ thousand one hundred and two pounds. reference to the purchase, storage, and plaints in increasing numbers. I insist These are a lot of peanuts. Surely no sale of food commodities, particularly that if it is only a million dollars it is one will care to argue that Government thoce liable to spoilage, there is much about time that this Congress took a look transactions in that volume have no more information which I think we at this whole program. If it can be effect upon the price of peanuts to the should consider. I shall attempt to put justified, there will be almost unanimous consumer. Moreover, the total loss to that together when the January report support for it. But I insist there has the American taxpayer in that year on of the Co.nmodity Credit Corporation· is never been presented anything except these transactions was, as I have said, available and to present it here on the a piecemeal program. Last session we $41,725,066.30. The relationship be­ :floor. had it for peanuts; we had it on tung oil tween the operation of this program and The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman and honey. I hope the chairman is the cost of living is transparently obvi­ from Minnesota [Mr. McCARTHY] is right that we are not going to continue ous. It is true that there seems to have recognized. to have this incidental cumulative pro­ been a slowing down of the program in Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Chairman, as gram. I think the time has come when the first 6 months of fiscal 1951. But a member of the Committee on Agricul­ the American taxpayers, the American the Commodity Credit Corporat~on is ture, I have attempted to consider in the consumers-and they include the Amer­ so slow about getting out a report on deliberations on this bill the interest of ican farmers-will follow the example of these transactions that none of us can the consumer and the interest of the the farmers in the northeastern part of be certain of what we are being asked to taxpayer. We ought to get one thing this country, who are getting what I do here this afternoon. I have tried re­ straight in the beginning and that 1s think is a bad deal out of this program. peatedly during the last few days to that this bill proposes to increase the It is about time that we faced the reali­ obtain the report for the month of Jan­ acreage on so-called edible peanuts, t ies of life. I propose to submit a mo­ uary. This is March 7 and my office was which are in short supply. It is true that tion to recommit and although I am not advised yesterday that the report would it cost $20,000,000 to .support peanuts in under any illusions about it this after­ probably not be back from the printer 1950, but only $1,500,000 was spent in noon, I hope enough Members will sup­ until the end of the week. I have re­ support of edible peanuts and that was port it so that the bill can go back for an peatedly stated that no business concern in support of the No. 2 edible peanut, overhauling of the whole program. If we could possibly operate under such un­ which could not be consumed and had to do not do this, but continue to tolerate businesslike and uneconomic procedures. be crushed for oil. this piecemeal method of meeting the Pzrhaps the most difficult thing to The proposition here is not whether problem, then this Congress is going to understand is why, when the Acting Sec­ we shall have a peanut-support price or be forced to do something and what I retary of the Department advised the have no peanut-support price. It is a .suggest it may be forced to do is to wipe chairman of the committee in his letter question of whether we shall have more any program off the bool{S. That I think of ~ebruary 19 that- edible peanuts at lower prices or a would be disastrous as far as agriculture on the other hand, the Department objects scarcity of edible peanuts at high prices. is concerned. And eventually equally to increasiug allotments for those States pro­ Those of you who purport to represent disastrous as far as the American econ­ ducing principally runner and Spanish types, the consumers should be in favor of this omy and the American consumers are since such increase will tend to further in­ bill. The effect of it should be to reduce concerned. crease the quantity of peanuts to be acquired the cost of peanuts to the consumer. If Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will by the Commodity Credit Corporation and normal crop conditions prevail and if the the gentleman yield? which ordinarily will have to be disposed of Secretary of Agriculture's estimates are Mr. HESELTON. I yield to the gen­ at a loss to the Corporation. reasonably accurate, that will be ·the tleman from North Carolina. we should be asked to approve a bill effect of it. Mr. COOLEY. Is there anything which will surely accomplish the very As I said earlier, if we want to change about this bill that the gentleman dqes undesirable result mentioned by the Act­ the parity program and to remove pea­ not understand? ing Secretary. It is clear to me that Con­ nuts from the basic commodity list, Mr. HESELTON. Yes. gress must accept its own responsibility which I think should be done, I will 2110 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE MARCH 7 support such action. This particular approval of the Committee on Agricul­ and then refuse to yield for questions or bill cannot do that. The effect of the ture of the House. I do not know of a to afford other Members an opportunity bill should be to reduce the cost of edible single Republican member of our com­ to answer questions which are pro..;, peanuts and, if it is effective, it should mittee who is opposed to this measure. pounded. I only want to say that such not cost the Government under the very I do not know a single Republican mem­ arguments, views, and contentions worst conditions more than $100,000 or ber on our committee who has any pea­ should not weigh very heavily with the $200,000, and that would be after it had nuts in his district at all. That part of Members of the House. greatly reduced the cost of peanuts now the bill which the gentleman from Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Mr. Chairman, selling above the support price to the Massachusetts [Mr. HESELTON] objects will the gentleman yield? consumer. to has actually, in fact, been approved by Mr. COOLEY. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, will the this House on one occasion, last year, to man from Connecticut. gentleman yield? correct thesa same inequities. This Mr. SEELY-BROWN. It occurs to me ·Mr. McCARTHY. I yield to the gen­ Housz approved a substantially similar that possibly one of the reasons that we tleman from New York. measure. Now, it is rather strange to have new Members of the House is ·be­ Mr. JAVITS. What does the gentle­ me that those of us who have been on cause of the fact you have followed that man say about the statement of the De­ that committee for lo, these many years program for 20 years. . . partment of Agriculture that this will should be indicted here on the floor of Mr. COOLEY. I .do not think the expand the acreage for the Spanish­ this House by a gentleman who has been gentleman is correct in that because this type peanuts that are now in enormous here in Congress for about 60 days. A program has not been involved in parti­ surolus? · · new Member, of course, has a right to san politics. Mr. McCARTHY. It is correct. The his own views. · - Mr. SEELY-BROWN. - I am sure it bill does expand the acreage of Spanish Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Chairman, will has not. p2anuts. It expands that acreage by the gentleman yield-regarding the Mr. COOLEY. Does the ·gentleman approximately 2,000 acres, which is in­ statement that the gentleman made with say it has not? . significant. The argument of the Mem­ reference to the passage of the legisla- Mr. SEELY-BROWN. I do not sug­ bers who have spoken regarding equity tion at the last session? · gest that it is partisan politics, but I in adjusting the acreage between various Mr. COOLEY. Yes; I yield. know that some of. us are anxious to State::: I think carries sufficient weight Mr. HESELTON. There were a con­ improve our farm· program, and that is to overcome this objection. siderable number who voted against why we were sent here, Mr. JAVITS. When you come to re­ that legislation. I would not want the Mr. COOL.EY. I do not object to the viewing the Agricultural Adjustment gentleman to leave the impression that gentleman being sent here, I assure you, - Act of 1949 and the whole basic philoso­ it was unanimous. · and I have no objection to anyone ex­ phy involved, will an opportunity be af­ Mr. COOLEY. I do not know how pressing his views. I know that last forded representatives of consumer dis­ the gentleman voted. year or 2 years ago the farm program tricts to make their point of view known Mr. HESELTON. I voted against it. got into partisan politics. I think it was to the committee?. Mr. COOLEY. The gentleman is one of the most unfortunate things that Mr. McCARTHY. I assure the gentle­ against just about everything that the could possibly have happened. I think man from New York that I will present Committee on Agriculture brings out. I it is just as necessary to keep the farm their position if no one else does. recall many bills that he opposed com­ program out of politics as it is foreign Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the ing out of our committee. I want to policy. · gentleman yield? make the point that this bill is not spon­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Mr. McCARTHY. I yield to the gen­ sored by the Democrats on our commit­ Chairman, will the gentleman yield? tleman from North Carolina. tee. It is absurd for Members on the Mr. COOLEY. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. COOLEY. I would like to say to Republican side to intimate any such man from Michig·an. gentlemen from New York and to gentle­ thing. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The men from metropolitan districts in this Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, will gentleman spoke about that bipartisan House that we will welcome an expres­ the gentleman yield? · business; did he not? sion of your views at any time legisla­ Mr. COOLEY. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. COOLEY. Yes. tion is being considered. I think it would man from Pennsylvania. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Does be in the interest of the welfare of the Mr. FULTON. I do not believe the the gentleman not think that that may c ~ untry if some of the people from city gentleman meant to say that anyone be the cause why we have some new districts would come to the Committee who is a new Member of the House Members with us-too much bipartisan­ on Agriculfore and express their views should be, because of that fact, less lis­ ism? That is, you have taken some of rather -than wait until the last minute tened to or less weight given to his argu­ us into camp too long. · when legislatfon is being considered on m~nt. Mr. COOLEY. Maybe so. the floor of the House. Mr. COOLEY. The gentleman knows Coming back to this thing, let me ::;ay Mr. JAVITS. If the gentleman will that I did not mean to reflect upon any · this. The gentleman from Mississippi give us an opportunity, when basic leg.:. of the new Members of the House. I [Mr. RANKIN] has talked as if this is islation is being considered, I for one only mean to emphasize the fact that something that was localized. Peanuts will be more than glad to come and dis­ the members of our committee have in my district are not very important as cuss that matter with the committee. worked on this farm progr~m for many a cash crop, bu~ they are of considerable Mr. McCARTHY. I may say to the long years and we have worked without importance in other sections of my State gentleman from California, who spoke respect to either personalities or politics. and in other sections of the country earlier in regard to the Department of For instance, the distinguished gentle­ where people are depending upon the Agriculture, objections and his sugges­ man from Kansas [Mr. HOPE], a former production of peanuts for a livelihood. tions about the Secretary's having a re­ chairman of the committee, has worked Mr. RANKIN. In other words, there sr Jnsibility for making decisions in re­ on this program from its inception and are two crops included in this closed:.. gard to allotments, that that objection has rendered great service on the com­ shop program: One is tobacco growing, was not presented very seriously to the mittee for the past 20 or 25 years. Cer­ and the other is peanut growing. committee. I think it was understood tainly Members of the House who have Mr. COOLEY. Why does not the gen­ by the Department that just what hap­ personally participated in the prepara­ tleman introduce a bill to repeal it? pened in the bill was likely to happen, tion and passage of the numerous bills Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman has and that the bill provides the only prac.­ which have been enacted and which to­ already introduced a bill to stop this ticable way of handling the problem of gether make up the Federal farm pro­ stomping on the cotton farmer. adjustments. gram should be somewhat more familiar The CHAIRMAN. The time of the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman with the philosophy of the program and gentleman from North Carolina has ex­ from North Carolina [Mr. CooLEY] is with its operation than some new Mem­ pired. All time has expired. recognized. · ber who has served here for only 60 days. Under the rule, the Committee rises. Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I It is difficult for me to understand how Accordingly the Committee rose; and think it is significant that this bill comes anyone would feel justified in criticizing the Speaker having resumed the chair, before the House with the unanimous the program and in criticizing this bill Mr. GORE, Chairman of the Committee 1951 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-HOUSE 2111.' of the Whole House on the State of the Nicholson .Roosevelt . Thomp_son, Holifield Morrison Sa bath Norbl ad Sadlak Mich. J ackson, Calif. Murphy Scott, Hardie Union, reported that that Committee, O'Brien, Ill, St. George Towe Jackson, Wash. Murray, Wis. Taylor having had under consideration .the bill O'Hara Saylor Van · Kee O'Brien, Mich. Teague Americans in the community Church Leonard W. · Meader NOT VOTING-47 Clemente Halleck Merrow Aandahl . Byrne, N. ·Y. Gamble proudly trace their ancestry to Italy. Clevenger Hand Miller, Nebr. Anfuso Carnahan Gillette Our new world was christened after one Cole, Kans. Harden · Morano Beall' Colmer Hart of her sons. Other sons and daughters Corbett Harrison, Wyo. Morton Boykin Dempsey Hays, Ohio Cotton Heselton Mumma Brehm Dingell Herter have brought to us through the years Coudert Hess Nelson Burton Donohue Hinshaw the wealth of her religious fervor, her XCVIl-:133 2112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 7 civilization, and her passionate love of abated on Red Hill plantation until last Congressman THOMAS B. STANLEY was liberty. year. present to help pay tribut.e to the memory Americans of every racial origin The General Assembly of Virginia, during of one of Virginia's greatest statesmen. S. A. the administration of former Gov. William Qzlin, chairman of the board of supervisors fought in Italy during World ·war II. M. Tuck, appropriated in excess of $50,000 of Southside soil conservation district, pre­ There and elsewhere they won a vic­ to help restore Red Hill as a memorial to sided at the program which included such tory for the people, and against the des­ the famous spokesman for liberty. The Pat­ outstanding leaders as Virginia's former pots who tried to enslave the world. rick Henry Memorial Foundation has made Governor, William M. Tuck, and Dr. T. S. Some of the heirs of Christopher Co­ the historic place available t.o the Reverend Buie, southeastern regional direetor of the lumbus rediscovered Europe before they Ralph Bellwood for the rebuilding of char­ Soil Conservation Service. died and thus the circle was completed. acter among problem boys. Governor Tuck expressed the oollef to But the eroded and neglected acres of Red those assembled that if Patrick Henry could They fought, not in acknowledgment have witnessed the farm-rebuilding demon­ of a debt that must be paid back and Hill Plantation had to be repaired and started on the right road to make a proper stration he would have been amazed by what then forgotten. When the circle joined, setting for training future citizens. The can be done through modern methods of it meant that communication had just Reverend Mr. Bellwood wanted to start the cultivation and soil conservation. And he begun. For discovery works both ways, rebuilding of problem boys and problem added, "I am sure he would have been in'l­ benefiting all through mutual help, acres with a celebration at Patrick Henry's pressed not only by the physical improve­ understanding, and friendship. And former home. He has had considert> ble ex­ ment of his pl1µ1tation. but even more so by perience in working with young people in the further useful purposes planned for it those who live speak for those who never in the years ahead." came back from Italy. his ministerial charges 1ri. Southside, Va. And he has become acquainted with the He told neighbors and friends gathered Americans of Italian descent have beneficial results of soil-conservation work there, "This undertaking will mean the sal­ come up with a happy thought and they in the Commonwealth's 22 soil-conservation vaging of an untold number of citizens who, want to express it in terms of beauty and districts. like the earth of this farm, otherwise would substance. They have organized a That's why he asked supervisors o! the be subject to the waste and erosion of un­ Citizens Committee for a Christopher two districts in which Red Hill plantation predictable elements." lies to sponsor the land rebuilding of the Dr. T. S. Buie called the group's attention Columbus Memorial Arbor •. to be planted to the fact that the farm of Patrick Henry in a suitable location within the Dis­ historic farm. Supervisors S. A. Ozlin, D. T. Rogers, Jr., C. L. Mosley, H. G. Blalok, and made a perfect setting for demonstrating the trict of Columbia. There will be a tree, principles of democratic action and commu­ J. T. Burton of the Southside soil conserva­ an accompanying plaque, and appro­ tion district, and Herman P. Mays, Eugene nity action and community enrichment. He priate landscaping to represent each of L. Seay, Jr., Clarence F. Moore, R. W. Ganna­ explained the role of· soil-conservation dis­ tricts throughout this Nation in conserving the 48 States and 4 Territories. The way, and G. T. Connelly of the Robert E. original cost will be borne by these Lee district agreed to do so. the soil and water resources upon which the strength of the Nation depends. He pointed citizens. From then on the Federal And on October 18, 1950, some 10,000 peo­ that the strength of the Nation depended Park Service will be responsible for the ple met on Patrick Henry's old plantation upon many things but that underlying all care and upkeep of this memorial. It to help give the worn and tired acres a new else was the land whence comes our food, shall be dedicated to those Americans lease on life or to witness the 1-day opera­ our clothing, housing, and a very large part who died at Salerno, Cassino, Anzio, and tion. They came also to help rededicate to of the raw materials for industry. in all those other battles to liberate the service of mankind the land for which Patrick Henry, the conservationist point· Patrick Henry had such deep regard. ed out, would have recognized the nearly Italy, just before the dawn of the Atom­ In the foggy dawn of that autumn day, a ic Age. 2,300 soil-conservation districts of the Na­ small army of volunteer workers operating tion as bulwarks of democracy on the land, The measure to provide a Christopher 50 tractors, 3 bulldozers, and other equip­ and the fundamental importance of the · Columbus Memorial Arbor is a creative ment, started to do in 1 day what would work they were doing. idea. It comes from t~1e hearts of men ordinarily take several years for an individual Dr. Buie clarified the relationship of the who believe in freedom, neighborliness, farmer t) do. Some 350 veterans, both soil-conservation districts, which came into and reverence. white and Negro, helped apply the conser­ being by the process of petition, hearing, . It deserves our unanimous approval. vation measures needed to revitalize the tired and referendum as provided for by State law, land. with the various agencies helping them PATRICK HENRY'S RED Hll..L PLANTATION The soil and water conservation plan for solve the problems of the land. Mr. STANLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask the farm had previously been developed by The rebuilding of Patrick Henry's Red Hill Soil Conservation Service technicians as­ Plantation gave Virginians a forceful demon­ unanimous consent to .extend my re­ signed to the Southside and Robert E. Lee stration of what farmers are achieving in marks at this point in the RECORD. districts, working closely with the Reverend soil and water conservation on their own The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. Bellwood and collaborating agencies. farms, aided by their own soil-conservation the request of the gentleman from Other agencies helping with ·technical as­ districts and cooperating agencies, Buie ex· .Virginia? pects of this farm rebuilding were the Vir­ plained. There was no objection. ginia forest service, the commission of game The people of Virginia are remembering Mr. STANLEY. Mr. Speaker, under and inland fisheries, the State department Patrick Henry in a most worth-while way by of vocational education, and the Virginia rebuilding this historic farm and starting it leave to extend my i·emarks, I include Agricultural Extension Service. on the noble task of rebuilding character an account of the soil-conservation ac­ Volunteer workers filled gullies, disked, of young people who need their help. tivities on the Red Hill plantation in limed, fertilized, seeded, and fenced fields Many people already know about this re­ Charlotte County, Va., on October 18, that had grown tcbacco, corn, and oth~r dedication because seven radio stations and 1950, sponsored by the Patrick Henry crops for 2 centuries. Of course, some of many newspapers carried reports of the day. Memorial Foundation in cooperation t he land once used for crops was covered Others saw motion pictures of the happen­ with the Southside and Robert E. Lee with pines. And the once-fertile bottoms ings last October 18 on Patrick Henry's Boys along Staunton River could not be re­ Plantation. soil-conservation districts of Virginia: deemed for corn because of their wetness Patrick Henry is being remembered in a and frequent fiooding from the silted stream CORP. DALE BRANNOM most admirable way in Virginia. His 1,000- channel. These bottoms now can produce Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask acre Red Hill plantation in Campbell and only pasture. unanimous consent to extend my re­ Charlotte Counties is being revitalized and The 1,200 pounds of seed used, 30 tons of marks at this point in the RECORD. used as a home for "problem" boys. fertilizer, and 5 carloads of lime were do· Red Hill is the farm where this great nated by local merchants as was the use of The SPEAKER. Is there objection t-0 patriot spent his declining years and was the farm equipment. A 70-year-old Negro, the request of the gentleman from buried in 1799. You remember him best for who owns an adjoining farm, cut nearly 700 Texas? his fiery oratory during the hectic days be­ fence posts to use on this memorable farm. There was no objection. fore the American Revolution. His words The State highway department repaired the Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, one of "Give me liberty or give me death" are well road leading to th~ farm, sloped the banks, the encouraging things of our history known to almost everyone. People who are and cut drainage ditches. Boy Scouts helped has been the enthusiasm with which interested in agriculture-also remember him highway patrolmen direct traffic. And Texans have participated in the wars as an early American advocate of soil con­ home demonstration clubs, church and of the United States. ~ervation by his words: "He is the greatest civic organizations served lunches to the patriot who stops the most gullies." 10,000 people who came from all around to In this connection, the Texas Society You may not know that Patrick Henry honor Patrick Henry and help dedicate his of Washington, on the evening of March was something of a problem boy before he old farm to the building o! character among 2, 1951, held a meeting at the Shoreham , rose to fame, or that soil erosion went :un· . unfortunate boys. Hotel, in Washington, first, to celebrate 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2113 the one hundred fifteenth anniversary of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to THE PEOPLE'S OPPORTUNITY the signing ·of the Texas Declaration of the request of the gentleman from North Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Independence whicn took place ·at Carolina? Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ Washington-on-the-Brazos in Texas on· Th_e!e was no objectfon. tend my remarks at this point in the March 2, 1836, and, second, in honor of LITHUANIAN BIRTHDAY RECORD. wounded .T exans, . now convalescing in The SPEAKER. Is there objection to hospitals within the Washington area. Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask the request. of the gentleman ·from On that occas:on, Corp. Dale Bran­ unanimous consent to address the House Michigan? nam, of Houston, Tex., a marine now for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks .. There was no objection. .recovering in a Washington hospital' Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. from wounds receivep in Korea, made a The SPEAKER. :Ls there objection to Speaker, · the sensible individual, before brief speech. Corporal Brannom's the request of the gentleman from Mas­ starting on a journey, would first make speech is as follows: sachusetts? up his. mind as to whether he wanted to One · hundred fifteen years ago today, on The was no objection. go anywhere; then, consider where he March 2, 1836, 59 representative Texans met Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, how sad, was going, what he wanted, intended to at Washington-on-the-Brazos. They dared how pathetic, how tragic was the thirty­ get or do, when he arrived. to be free of military despotism. Nationali­ third birthday of Lithuanian independ­ A nation is but a collection of indi­ ties did not control their actions since ence. among them were the immortal · "Raven," viduals. It should have as much good Sam Houston, a native of Virginia, and A nation reared in sacrifice, devoted to sense, be guided by the same principles, Thomas· Jefferson Rusk, a native of South a supreme religious faith, loyal to inspir­ as the individual. Carolina, sitting side by side with the im­ ing principles of freedom, broken on the Unfortunately;Mr. Truman, either on m01;tal De Zavala, Ruiz, and Navarro. rack of Communist betrayal, Commu­ his own or because of United Nations They declared Texas free from tyranny· nist tyranny, and Communist persecu­ influence, plunged us into world war and oppression. They formulated a consti- · tion, torture, exile, and systematic III in Korea, is getting ready for war tution to guide a new ·nation to be known murder. in Europe and, it may be, elsewhere. as the Republic of Texas. They appointed a Commander in Chief of the Texas Army. Crushed under the heel of an abomi­ We have been told that the purpose of They quickly adjourned. They had a job nable and most cruel oppression, lashed \\orld w~r III is to contain communism to do. with the stinging whip of the Marxist and, by a show of force in Europe, con­ Even as they met, the dictator and tyrant dictator, its people stripped of all human vince Stalin that he should avoid war. was· already in Texas with an invading army rights, brave Lithuania is forced at gun We are not fighting a war to contain of large numbers. He had proclaimed him­ point to grovel at the feet of ruthless, communism. Proof? self the "Napoleon of the West." . Godless, Communist conquerors. Nor is . The fact that here in Washington, Later, in October 1836, those Texans. she alone in this. frightful plight. Many Communists, during the past and the looked back at the job they had done within · · the previous 8 months. It was g-0od. other fine Christian democratic nations;· present administrations, have been wel­ They had raised and trained an army. many other noble free peoples share her come, given Government jobs, defended They had crushed the invading armies of unspeakable lot. and protected by those high in the ad­ the so-called Napoleon. And what has this great, free govern­ ministration, is proof. Our failure to The "Napoleon" was in prison. ment done to help her and other nations suppress communism here at .home, in They had held an election at which the like her? What has this Congress done? Washington; to expel exposed Commu­ previously formulated constitµtion had been What has our State Department done? nists-men like Hiss, Remington, and ratified by the people and in which a Presi­ others-from high policy-making posi­ dent and other elective officers of the new This Nation cannot evade its share of nation had been elected. respnsibility for Yalta and Tehran and tions in our Government, is proof-the The' new national government was func­ other conferences where the rights of containment of communism is not the tioning; the new government had appointed free peoples were bartered away to inter­ purpose of this war. its representatives at the capitals of other national Communism on the auction The refusal to permit the Chinese Na­ nations. block, where millions of free human tionalists to aid our men who are fight­ In these days when men are thinking of beings were moved as pawns to satiate ing Communists in Korea-the use of war and even invasion, I give you Texas. the lust and greed and designs of the our Seventh Fleet for the same pur­ Texas got the job done. pose-is additional proof the suppression Ten years later the Republic of Tex.as was, organized · conspiracy against freedom annexed to the Union. known as World Sovietism. of communism is not the pq.rpose of this The first governor, James Pinckney Hen:. What has the United Nations done to war. derson, a native of South Carolina, in his help these tragic peoples? Is not that Moreover, other members of United inaugural address, on February 19, 1846, organization the so-called guarantor of Nations, assumed to be our friends, have • said tha-t within the hour, Texas :Qad joined human rights? Why has it not moved to been, and are, actively aiding the Com­ the Union; that henceforth the prosperity correct the frightful injustices against mun~sts our men are fighting by sup­ of the United States would be the prosperity free peoples of whom Lithuana is such a plying them with war materiel. of Texas; that the happiness of the United States would be the happiness of Texas; that pitiful example? Why have not our The argument advanced is that, by the quarrels of the United .States would be representatives in that body spoken sending millions of men to confront Sta­ the quarrels of Texas; and that, in the wars out in justifiable anger in a demand for lin's battle-lines in Eastern Europe, we of the United States, Texas would freely par­ the righting of these great wrongs which will so frighten him that he will not start ticipate. are enslaving the free and the brave of a war. These wounded Texans here tonight are so many lands? Can we further tolerate It is conceded that, if he chooses, Sta­ evidence of the good faith of that 105-year­ this horrible genocide? lin can at any time· within the next 2 old promise. Pious declarations, of which we have or 3 years-with his armies overrun RENEGOTIATION OF CONTRACTS many, are not enough. Soft words of Western Europe to the sea. That being Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I ask solace, we so frequently hear, are not suf­ true, will he not, if he intends war, and unanimous consent that the managers ficient. Shoving these great causes of we send an army to Europe, ·strike be­ on the part of the House may have until human freedom to the back of the stage fore we are ready? midnight tonight to file a conference re­ will never do. It is a shameless course Here at home, everyone is finding it port on the bill H. R. 1724. more and more difficult to make ends unworthy of America. I call upon this meet. Because prices-the cost of liv­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Government and upon our representa­ the request of the gentleman from Ten­ ing-are going higher and ever higher, tives in the United Nations for action. I more and more people are finding it in­ nessee? call upon them to demand the liber~tion There was no objection. creasingly difficult-some find it impos­ of these enslaved Christian peoples. And sible-to maintain their accustomed COMMITTEE ON RULES if a deaf ear is turned to our pleas, we standard of living. Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask have our remedy-cut off diplomatic re­ To meet the higher cost of living, or­ unanimous consent that the Committee lations with the oppressors until they ganized labor, Federal employees, are de­ on Rules may have until midnight to- conform with basic principles of human manding-and some are getting-in­ night to file a report. · · rights. Let us act now. creases in wages. 2114: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 7 · It is obvious that, 1f the price of every­ We are now involved in a third world Federal Court, Washington, D. C., April thing we eat, wear, and use goes up,· war, which is burdensome to the peo­ 12. At Risk of Imprisonment He Tries everyone will be forced to do with less or ple of this country; which will call for to Uphold for You and All Citizens Your must be given a higher wage. the sacrificing of no one knows how ·Basic Right To Hear All Sides Through But an increase in wages gives no re­ many lives. a Free Press." lief to the million:; ·who are not wage People are writing their Congressmen On the other side of the card it reads: earners, who are dependent upon fixed and their Senators, asking what, if any­ This fight is for you. Your help is needed. incomes which they have earned, upon thing, they-the people- can do to pre­ Dr. Rumely was indicted for discouraging pensions or contributions by State or vent disaster. Red activities, exposing socialism, and re­ Nation. As there will not be a Nation-wide fusing to reveal names of book purchasers. Nor will higher payments to these last election until November of 1952, the only This committee must be in the strongest groups solve the problem, for every time remedy which seems available to the financial position by March 31, to defend Dr. Rumely, and through him your consti­ wages go up, prices go up; or, if you pre­ people is to write clear, vigorous letters tutional right of free speech. Also to ex­ f er, prices go up first, wages must follow. to those Senators and Congressmen who pand its efforts against inflation, to protect We seem to be in no bettei: situation are following the poli~ies of Mr. Truman. the value of all bank balances, mortgages, than the puppy chasing his tail. The and Mr. Acheson, which the home folks cj.ollar bonds, social security funds, and in­ puppy's head goes around and around do not approve. surance policies. It can multiply its effec­ but with the tip of the tail always just .These letter::; should voice the writers' tiveness if you and others will promptly give a little beyond reach. Higher wages are prQtests, insist that the people's repre­ needed financial support now. By March 31 followed by higher prices-Federal sentatives follow your wishes. we must have 12,000 af'dltional Spotlight subscrip~ions. Single subscriptions, $12; 2 spending the principal Ca.use. There is one other way of bringing to 8, $11; 10 or more, $10 each. And you If our domestic policy is absurd; tends, home to Mr. Truman, to Mr. Dewey, and your associates need Spotlight. Two as it does, to destroy the way of life to who wants to send 100 divisions to Eu­ messages each week from national leaders which we are accustomed, consider Mr. rope, and to the internationalists in on headline issues. How many will you Acheson's foreign policy, whicn is not .both parties the fact that we are tired· or your company buy immediately? If you only heart-breaking to all of us, but of high prices; high taxes, · scarcities, have already given your full 1951 support, threatens our national security. controls, regimentation, and, last and please obtain one or more subscriptions Mr. Truman insists, through his worst of all, continuous war. from others. Please act at once. Commit­ tee for Constitutional Government, Inc., 204 spokesmen, Anna Rosenb~rg and General In some States there are State-wide Marshall, that every physically and spring elections-in Michigan, one on East Forty-second Street, New York 17, N. Y. mentally fit American boy, as he reaches Monday, April 2. Let an overwhelming The latter part of the card is a direct the age of 18, shall be drafted into the number of the people participate in solicitation of corporate funds in a cam­ armed services for 26 months and, on the those elections; there register their pro-· paign of this type. If you will notice, expiration of the 26 months, shall re­ tests against this war, against those who the language .is not even subtle where it main therein for an additional 6 years. support the Truman-Acheson party says: "If you have already given your That means that, for 8 years and 2 line. Some Senators, some Congress­ 1951 support." months, every physically and mentally men, may then take note of the result What does that mean? The amount fit young American will be under the and, if for no more worthy purpose than ·that is tax deducted. "Please obtain one control of our military leaders. Instead the saving of their own political hides, or more subscriptions from others." of a government of, by, and for the peo­ may refuse to go along with the Truman SPEARHEAD OF FASCISM ple, Mr. Truman, in support of United foreign and domestic policies, which are Nations' program, proposes to give us destroying the freedom of our people In other words, as heretofore, the cor­ a government by and under the control here at home, making it more difficult porate funds have been used to promote of a military machine, himself as Com- for us all to live; policies which are fu­ fascism in this country; and whenever mander in Chief. · you support the Committee for Consti­ tilely sacrificing the lives of our men tutional Government headed by and run Yes, and many of those who have seen abroad. by, organized by and operated by this service must go again. That will de­ SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED Edward A. Rumely you are supporting stroy our way of living, our freedom of Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin asked and the spearhead of fascism in the United action. States. And do not forget that Mr. Truman was given permission to address the claims the right to send our men-your House for 10 minutes on Friday next, ANTI-PROTESTANT, PRO-FASCIST, BOOK, "THE husbands, sons, and the fathers-to following the legislative program and ROAD AHEAD" .. carry on a war wherever he may desig­ any special orders heretofore entered. He mentions The Road Ahead, a book. nate. Mr. PATMAN asked and was given The Road Ahead· is an anti-Protestant, He sent our armed men into Korea permission to address the House for 20 pro-Fascist book. It has no proper place without a declaration of war by your minutes on Thursday and Friday, each, in any decent American home. Good representatives, and he now says that following the legislative program and Catholics everyWhere, as well as all in­ he can send as many millions as he any other special orders heretofore formed Protestants, are opposed to this wishes to fight anywhere he. wishes. No ente:.-ed. bigoted publication. Rumely was not in­ dictator ever claimed more authority. SPECIAL ORDER dicted for distributing the book the Road Ahead as claimed on this card; he was Moreover, you will conduct your busi­ The SPEAKER. Under previous order ness, if you have any, as he directs. indicted for refusing to divulge to Con­ of the House, the gentleman from Texas gress information as a propagandist, lob­ Going back now to my first thought. [Mr. PATMAN] is recognized for 20 Mr. Truman has started this Nation byist, and former convicted German spy, minutes. information that all American citizens off on a long journey. He is sending our . SCOTT, JR. sion of design patent No. 133,870 issued Service. H.J. Res. Joint resolution providing By Mr. BECKWORTH: mo. September 22, 1942, to Mrs. Beulah Hill, re­ H. R . 3112. A bill to amend section 6 (b) for United States participation in the cele­ lating to a bootlette; to the Committee on of the War Claims Act of 1948 with respect to bration at Philadelphia, Pa., of the one the Judiciary. compensation payable to indi.viduals who, hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the - By Mr. CHUDOFF: signing of the Declaration of Independence; while held by the enemy as prison~rs of war, H. R. 3128. A bill for the relief of Elaine were not furnished food in accordance with to the Committee on the Judiciary. Dovico; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the terms of the Geneva Convention; to the By Mr. HARDIE SCOTT: H. R. 3129. A bill for the relief of Chara­ Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ H.J. Res. 191. Joint resolution providing lampos Pitsilos; to the Committee on the merce. for United States participation in the cele­ Judiciary. By Mr. CLEMENTE: bration at Philadelphia, Pa., of the one hun­ H. R. 3130. A bill for the relief of Israel H. R. 3113. A bill to establish a Bureau dred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the Yolli-n; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of Reserve Affairs in the Department of the signing of the Declaration of Independence; By Mr. FLOOD: _ Army and a Bureau of Reserve Affairs in the to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 3131. A bill for the relief of Raymond Department of the Air Force; to the Commit­ By Mr. SABATH: B. Jeffrey; to the Committee on the Judi­ tee on Armed Services. H.J. Res. 192. Joint resolution authorizing ciary. By Mr. COLE of-New York: the transfer of a V-3 aircraft type boiler By Mr. GREENWOOD: H. R. 3114. A bill relating to the detail of from the Department of the Interior, Bureau H. R. 3132. A bill for the relief of Sfster certain officers of the -Armed ·Forces retired of Mines, to the State of Illinois, Illinois Coal Apolonia Gerarda Sokolowska; to the Com­ with full pay, and for other purposes; to the Products Commission; to the Committee on mittee on the Judiciary. Committee on Armed Services. Interior and Insular Affairs. . By Mr. JACKSON of Washington: By Mr. McMILLAN: By Mr. GRANAHAN: H. R. 3133. A bill for the relief of Chin H. R. 3115. A bill to provide for an adjust­ H.J. Res. 193. Joint resolution providing Yuen Ling, a minor, unmarried Chinese ment of salaries of the Metropolitan Police, for the extension of the period of pension­ child of a United States citizen; to the the United States Park Police, the White able service in the ~ase of Navy veterans of Committee on the Judiciary. House Police, and the members of the Fire the war with Spain; t.J the Committee op. By Mr. McGRATH: Department of the District of Columbia, to Veterans' Affairs. H. R. 3134. A bill for the relief of Angela conform with the increased cost of living in By Mr. CHATHAM: Trir' dade; to the Committee on the Judi'- the District of Columbia; to the Committee H. Con. Res. 75. Concurrent resolution re­ ciary. on the District of Columbia. affirming the friendship of the American By Mr. MORANO: By Mr. NORBLAD: people for all the peoples of the world, in­ H . R. 3135. A bill for the relief of Giovanni H. R. 3116. A bill to terminate the suc­ cluding the peoples of the Soviet Union; to Guiseppe Buono; to the Committee on the cession of the Reconstruction Finance Car- the Committee on Foreign Affairs." Judiciary,

• 2118 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD.-HQUSE MARCH J_

By Mr. MURPHY: ARIZONA 4. William E. McVey. H. R. 3136. A bill for the relief of May 1. John R. Murdock. 5. John C. Kluczynski. Quan Wong (also known as Quan Shee 2. Harold A. Patten. 6. Thomas J. O'Brien. Wong); to the Committee on the Judiciary. ,: , 7. Adolph J. Sabath. By Mr. PRESTON: ;\- ARKANSAS H. R. 3137. A bill for the relief of 0. L. t · 8. Thomas S. Gordon. 1. E. C. Gathings. ( 9. Sidney R. Yates. Osteen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. :- 2. Wilbur D. Mills. By Mr. REES of Kansas: ( 10. Richard W. Hoffman. H. R. 3138. A bill to grant permanent resi­ 3. J. W. Trimble. , 11. Timothy P. Sheehan. dence to Joan Violet Laun; to the Commit­ 4. Boyd Tackett. ' 12. Edgar A. Jonas. tee on the Judiciary. 5. Brooks Hays. 13. Marguerite Stitt Church. I H. R. 3139. A bill for the relief of Sheldon 6. W. F. Norrell. 14. Chauncey W. Reed. J. Coffman; to the Committee on the Judi- 7. Oren Harris. 15. Noah M. Mason. ciary. · CALIFORNIA By Mr. VAIL: 16. Leo E. Allen. H. R. 3140. A bill for the relief of Kazuko 1. Hubert B. Scudder. 17. Leslie C. Arends. Shimamura; to the Committee on the Judi- 2. Clair Engle. · 18. Harold H. Velde. ciary. · 3. Leroy Johnson. 19. Robert B. Chiper:field. By Mr. WOOD of Idaho: 4. Franck R. Havenner. 20. Sid Simpson. H. R. 3141. A bill for the relief of Evelyn 5. John F. Shelley. · 21. Peter F. Mack, Jr. Reichardt; to the Committee on the Judi­ 6. George P. Miller. 22. William L. Springer,. ciary. 7. John J. Allen, Jr. 23. Edward H. Jenison. · 8. Jack Z. Anderson. 24. Charles W. Vtirsell. PETITIONS, ETC. 9. Allan Oakley Hunter. 25. Melvin Price. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions 10. Thomas H. Werdel. 26. C. W. Brent Spence. duties of the office on which I am 4. Bill Lantaff. 6. Thomas Rust Underwood. about to enter. So help me God." 5. A. S. Herlong, Jr. 7. Carl D. Perkins. 6. Dwight L. Rogers. has been subscribed to in person and filed 8. Joe B. Bates. 1n duplicate with the Clerk of the House GEORGIA 9. James S. Golden. of Representatives by each of the follow­ 1. Prince H. Preston, Jr. LOUISIANA ing Members and Delegates of the 2. E. E. Cox. 1. F. Edw. Hebert. Eighty-second Congress, pursuant to 3. E. L. Forrester. 2. Hale Boggs. Public Law 412 of the Eightieth Congress, 4. Albert Sidney Camp. 3. Edwin E. Willis. entitled "An act to amend section 30 of 5. James c. Davis. 4. Overton Brooks. the Revised Statutes of the United 6. Carl Vinson. 5. otto E. Passman. State:;." MARYLAND 6. Edward deGraffenried. ILLINOIS 7. Carl Elliott. 1. William L. Dawson. 1. Edward T. Miller. 8. Robert E. Jones, Jr. 2. Richard B. Vail. 2. J.P. S. Devereux. 9. Laurie Calvin Battle. 3. Fred E. Busbey., 3. Edward A. Garmatz.

• 1951 CQNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2119 4. George H. Fallon. NEVADA 8. Charles B. Deane. 5. Lansdale G. Sasscer. At large 9. Robert L. Doughton. 6. J. Glenn Beall. Walter S. Baring. 10. Hamilton C. Jones. MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE 11. Woodrow W. Jones. 12. Monroe M. Redden. 1. John W. Heselton. 1. Chester E. Merrow. 2. Foster Furcolo. 2. Norris Cotton. NORTH DAKOTA 3. Philip J. Philbin. At large 4. Harold D. Donohue. NEW JERSEY 1. Charles A. Wolverton. Fred G. Aandahl. 5. Edith Nourse Rogers. Usher L. Burdick. 6. William H. Bates. 2. T. Millet Hand. 7. Thomas J. Lane. 3. James C. Auchincloss. OHIO 8. Angier L. Goodwin. 4. Charles R. Howell. 1. Charles H. Elston. 9. Donald W. Nicholson. 5. Charles A. Eaton. · 2. William E. Hess. 10. Christian A. Herter. 6. Clifford P. Case. 3. Edward Breen. 11. John F. Kennedy. 7. William B. Widnall. 4. William M. McCulloch. 12. John W. McCormack. 8. Gordon Canfield. 5. Cliff Clevenger. 13. Richard B. Wigglesworth. 9. Harry L. Towe. 6. James G. Polk. 14. Josepp. W. Martin, Jr. 10. Peter Wallace Rodino, Jr. 7. Clarence J. Brown. MICHIG.,.N 11. Hugh J. Addonizio.· 8. Jackson E. Betts. 12. Robert Winthrop kean. 9. Frazier Reams. 1. Thaddeus M. Machrowicz. 13. Alfred D. Sieminski. 10. Thomas A. Jenkins. 2. George Meader. 14. Edward J. Hart. 11. Walter E. Brehm. 3. Paul W. Shafer. 12. John M. Vorys. 4. Clare E. Hoffman. NEW MEXICO At large 13. Alvin F. Weichel. 5. Gerald R. Ford, Jr. 14. William H. Ayres. (?. William W. Blackney. A. M. Fernandez. 15. Robert T. Secrest. 7. Jesse P. Wolcott. John J. Dempsey. 16. Frank T. Bow. 8. Fred L. Crawford. NEW YORK 17. J. Harry McGregor. 9. Ruth Thompson. 1. Ernest Greenwood. . 18. Wayne L. Hays. 10. Roy 0. Woodruff. 2. Leonard W. Hall. . 19. Michael J. Kirwan. 11. Charles E. Potter. · 3. Henry J. Latham. 20. Michael .A. Feighan." 12. John B. Bennett. 4. L. Gary Clemente. 21. Robert Crosser. 13.- George D. O'Brien. 5. T. Vincent Quinn. 22. Frances P. Bolton. 14. Louis C. Rabaut. 6. James J. Delaney. 15. John D. Dingell. At large 7. Louis B. Heller. George H. Bender. 16. John Lesinski, Jr. 8. Victor L. Anfuso. 17. George A. Dondero. 9. Eugene J. Keogh. OKLAHOMA MINNESOTA 10. -Edna ·F. Kelly. 1. George B. Schwabe. 1. August H. Andresen. 11. James J. Heffernan. 2. William G. Stigler. 2. Joseph P. O'Hara. 12. John J. Rooney. 3. Carl Albert. · 3. Roy W. Wier. 13. Donald L. O'Toole. 4. Tom Steed. 4. Eugene J. McCarthy. 14. Abraham J. Multer. 5. John Jarman. 5. Walter H. Judd. 15. Emanuel Celler. 6. Toby Morris. 6. Fred Marshall. 16. James J. Murphy. 7. Victor Wickersham. 7. H. Carl Andersen. 17. Frederic R. Coudert, Jr. 8. Page Belcher. 8. John A. Blatnik. 18. James G. Donovan. ,OREGON 9. Harold C. Hagen. 19. Arthur G. Klein. 1. Walter Norblad. MISSISSIPPI 20. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. 2. Lowell Stockman. 21. Jacob K. Javits. 1. John E. Rankin. 3. Homer D. Angell. · 2.2. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. 4. Ha;rris Ellsworth. 2. Jamie L. Whitten. 23. Sidney A. Fine. 3. Frank E. Smith. 24. Isidore Dollinger. PENNSYLVANIA 4. Thomas G. Abernethy. 25. Charles A. Buckley, 1. William A. Barrett. 5. Arthur Winstead. 26. Christopher C. McGrath. 2. William T. Granahan. 6. Wm. M. Colmer. 27. Ralph W. Gwinn. 3. Hardie Scott. 7. John Bell Williams. 28. Ralph A. Gamble. 4. Earl Chudoff. MISSOURI 29. Katharine St. George. 5. William J. Green, Jr. 1. Clare Magee. 30. J. Ernest Wharton. 6. Hugh D. Scott, Jr. 2. Morgr..n M. Moulder. 31. Bernard W. Kearney. 7. Benjamin F. James. 3. Phil J. Welch. 32. William T. Byrne. 8. Albert C. Vaughn. 4. Leonard Irving. · 33. Dean P. Tayior. 9. Paul B. Dague. 5. Richard Bolling. 34. Clarence E. Kilburn. 10. Harry P. O'Neill. 6. 0. K. Armstrong, 35, William R. Williams. 11. Daniel J. Flood. 7. Dewey Short. 36. R. Walter Riehlman. 12. Ivor D. Fenton. 8. A. S. J. Carnahan. 37. Edwin Arthur Hall. 13. George M. Rhodes. 9. Clarence Cannon. 38. John Taper. 14. Wilson D. Gillette. 10. Paul C. Jones. 39. W. Sterling Cole. 15. Alvin R. Bush. 11. John B. Sullivan.1 40. Kenneth B. Keating, 16. Samuel K. McConnell, Jr. 12. Thomas B. Curtis. 41. Harold C. Ostertag. 17. Richard M. Simpson. 13. Frank M. Karsten. 42. William E. Miller. 18. Walter M. Mumma. MONTANA 43. Edmund P. Radwan. 19. Leon H. Gavin. 1. Mike Mansfield. 44. John C. Butler. 20. Francis E. Walter. 2. Wesley A. D'Ewart. 45. Daniel A. Reed. 21. James F. Lind. NORTH CAROLINA 22. James E: Van Zandt: NEBRASKA 1. Herbert C. Bonner. 23. Edward L. Sittler, Jr. 1. Carl T. Curtis. 24. Thomas E. Morgan. 2. Howard Buffett. 2. John H. Kerr. 3. Graham A. Barden. 25. Louis E. Graham. 3. Karl Stefan. 4. Harold D. Cooley. 26. John P. Saylor. 4. A. L. Miller. 5. Thurmond Chatham. 27. Augustine B. Kelley. 1 Representative John B. Sullivan died' Jan­ 6. Carl T. Durham. 28. Carroll D. Kearns. uary 29, 1951. 7. F. Ertel Carlyle. 29. Harmar D. Denny, Jr. 2120 CONGRESSIO!TAL RECORD.-. SENATE MARCH 8 30. Robert J. Corbett. 3. Cleveland M. Bailey. benedictions of Thy sustaining grace 31. James G. Fulton. 4. M. G. Burnside. rest upon his dear ones so sorely be­ 32. Herman P. Eberharter. 5. John Kee. reaved. 33. Frank Buclianan. 6. Erland H. Hedrick. Realizing that in the midst of life we RHODE ISLAND WISCONSIN are in death, may we each face our tasks with the deep solemnity of those who 1. Aime J. Forand. 1. Lawrence H. Smith. know not what a day may bring forth. 2. Glenn R. Davis. 2. John E. Fogarty. Amen. SOUTH CAROLINA 3. Gardner R. Withrow. 4. Clement J. Zablocki. THE. JOURNAL 1. L. Mendel Rivers. 5. Charles J. Kersten. On request of Mr. McFARLAND, and by 2. John J. Riley. 6. William K. Van Pelt. 3. W. J. Bryan Dom. unanimous consent, the reading of the 7. Reid F. Murray. Journal of the proceedings of Wednes­ 4. Joseph R. Bryson. 8. John W. Byrnes. 5. James P. Richards. day, March 7, 19'51, was dispensed with. 6. John L. McMillan. 9. Merlin Hull. 10. AlYin E. O'Konski. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE SOUTH DAKOTA WYOMING A message from the House of Repre­ 1. Harold 0. Lovre. At large sentatives, by Mr. Cha:tfee, one of its 2. E. Y. Berry. clerks, announced that the House had William Henry Harrison. TENNESSEE passed a bill Wright Patman. KENTUCKY 2. J. M. Combs. Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, it 3. Lindley Beckworth. SENATE is with great personal sorrow that I rise 4. Sam Rayburn. to announce to the Senate the death of 5. J. Frank Wilson. THURSDAY, °MARCH 8, 1951 our dear friend and esteemed colleague, 6. Olin E. Teague.