1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 873

Mr. McCORMACK. This has been or n~t free government is going to continue HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sent to the general to look over I would to ex1~t upon the earth safely, and with all of inform the gentleman. ' the rights and privileges that devolve upon FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1951 Mr. Speaker, I a.sk that this address the individual citizen under that protection. As I start this talk I think it would be well The House met at 12 o'clock noon. may be extended at this ppint, notwith­ to establish a platform of understanding. Re~. Norman Shands, pastor, First standing it may exceed the limit of an Let us make certain assumptions. Now, the Baptist Church, Spartanburg, S. C., of - ordinary extension. first, I have already made, that the Members f ered the following prayer: The SPEAKER. Without objection, it of congress here assembled and I have one is so ordered. obj~ct in common view, the good of the Let us pray. Almighty God, our There was .no objection. United States. Heavenly Father, in this quiet moment REPORT OF GENERAL OF THE ARM!ES DWIGHT D. The next assumption I would like to make we pause to recognize Thy presence in EISENHOWER TO AN INFORMAL MEETING OF is that we are concerned not only wit h the our midst and to seek the power cleans­ THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES HELD prote..;t~o~ of our territories of our rights, of our privileges, but we are also concerned ing, and guic;iance of Thy holy ~pirit in IN THE COOLIDGE AUDITORIUM, LIBRARY OF our minds and hearts. We thank Thee CONGRESS, VICE PRESIDENT . BARKLEY PRE• with the defense of a way of life. Our own SIDING way of life has certain factors that must per­ for the great causes to which Thou hast sist if that .-,.c:.y of life itself Js to persist for called these Thy servants to address Vice President BARKLEY. Ladies 'and gen­ exa~p l e, the freedom of t!::e individual, his themselves, and for the confidence that tlemen of the two Houses of Congress, I wish pollt1cal freedom, his freedom of worship must be in their hearts that their labors to congratulate the Members of the two and that he wm have an economy based are always in vain except they be estab­ Houses on their full attendance bere today upon free enterprise. In other words our to hear General Eisenhower report to us on system must remain solvent, as we att~mpt lished by Thee. one of the most important missions ever We pray that Thou wilt enable us, not a solution of this gre'.l.t problem of security. undertaken by any American. I regret that Else we have lost the battle from within that only here, but throughout our Nation as there will bfl no opportunity for questions to we are trying to win from without. people of Thine, to discipline ourselves be propounded to General Eisenhower in I do not believe, for example, that the that we may be useful to Thee in achiev­ view of the fact that his talk to us here will United States can pick up the world on its consume probably an hour or inore and we ing in the world the peace for which Thy economic, :Unancial, ~nd military shoulders Son lived and died, for we ask it in His have got to get back to our respective Houses and carry it. We must have coorer.ation if name. Amen. for the 12 o'clock session, and in view of the we are to work with other nations. (Ap­ further fact that he is to appear this after­ plause.] The results of the effort to be the The Journal of the proceedings of noon before a joint session of the Commit­ mutual, the common goc>d, the common Wednesday, January 31, 1951, was read tees on Foreign Relations and the Armed security of the free nations of the free world. Services of the Senate, and tomorrow before and approved. similar committees of the House, and is to Military defense is made up of m any MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE address the American people over the radio things. The th!ngs tpat defend the nation tomorrow night. It was felt that it would or that act for it on the field of bat tle are A message from the Senate, by Mr. be impossible and inadvisable under these many and varied, and as complex as the Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that circumstances for him· to be submitted to nation itself. The fighting forces are but the the Senate had adopted the following interrogation from the audience today. cutting edge of a very great m achine, the 'resolution Americans in general have not really will have universal military service with no tors. We cannot concentrate all our forces tried to blame Europeans for this failure as exemptions." They said: "We are very, badly in any one sector, even one as important as we have seen it. They have tried merely to ·handicapped; we have equipment for one Western Europe. We must largely sit here explain it. After all, Europe was occupied for battalion only. What we particularly need with great, mobile, powerful reserves ready 4 years; its industries were destroyed and its is more artillery equipment." to support our policies, our rights, our inter­ people lived in fear of the informer next door. - When I stopped in Ottawa I told the Ca­ ests wherever they may be in danger in the They were crushed; their systems of govern­ nadians about this trouble and the Cana­ world. ment were overturned and they lived accord­ dians said: "Why, we have some artillery; The point I make is that Western Europe ing to the dictates of an invader. we can ship it tomorrow." When I got to is so important to our future, our future is The effects of the Marshall plan have West Point a few hours later, I was greeted so definitely tied up with them, that we been marked and have been important to the with the information that the Canadian cannot afford to do less than our best in partial rehabilitation of Europe, but it would Government had approved of the transfer making sure that it does not go down the be false and idle to say that there does not and just left the red tape to me and my staff . drain. · exist in many strata of society pessimism to look after. I repeat that, given the premise that we bordering upon defeatism. ·- What I am trying· to say is that out of must produce, there is, then, one element But there is likewise evidence, ladies and these conferences I sensed the feeling that left, time. ,we must accept, we must always gentlemen, of a rejuvenation, a growth of there will be a rejuvenation of spirit if we accept this disadvantage militarily, inter- 1951 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 875 nation;:tlly, that goes with peaceful inten.t remember. Enemy propaganda has among to me, "General, we are amazed at the and defensive purpose only. Any aggressor other things, as it is reflected in the Eu­ amount of your national product that you picks a day on which he intends to strike, Topean press, tried to make il; appear that can devote to this great purpose. We un­ and he builds everything to that point. We ·the whole job is hopeless. He has shouted derstand that you are going to put about 20 have to devise a scheme that we can support, ·it from the housetops. If they say ·it is percent of your gross national product into if necessary over the next 20 years, 30 years, hopeless; they must have a purpose. Let military or semimilitary purposes. Come whatever may be the time necessary, as long us not believe too freely enemy propaganda, with me, come out to the villages and come as the threat, the announced threat of ag­ or the propaganda of somebody who wants to the farms and see what a 5-percent re­ gression remains in the world. That means to defeat our peaceful, our sane, our utterly duction in our standard of living means:" we must be ready at any time. One of the just purposes. Let us not forget the strength I looked at that squarely· in the face. important times is today, and from here on. of America, its great people, its history, its I would like to bring you specific criteria, As long as we are determined to secure the .broad acres, its product!ve capacity, its gr.eat and I find myself disappointed in being un­ peace we have to use, employ,. or resort to capacity for leadership. And then let us able to do so. I do come back to this, how­ force and military power. In so doing le~ keep in. our minds the kind of organization ever, the defense of freedom is exactly like us not forget that there is not a moment to we sha.. have when we bind that up heart the appreciation for freedom, it is in the waste. and soul and in material ways with our heart. It is a job that each of tis here can do. This brings me to a very important point: frien ls across the sea. · And though I cannot bring you back spe­ One of the great deficiencies in Europe is I come back again for a moment to the cific criteria py which you may judge for · equipment, military equipment. Not only question of morale. · Nobody can defend yourselves in the materialistic way, I do hope was all of this taken away from them in the another nation. The true defense of a. earnestly that each of you will take the op­ war, but their facilities, destroyed, damaged nation must be found in its own soul, and portunity to go to Europe and see whether as they were, have since that time been all you cannot import a soul. We must make you appreciate and sense this coming rejuve­ occupied in trying to restore some semblance sure that tl 'l heart and soul of Europe ls nation, this great determination that I think of a d-ecent standard of living to their mil­ right. That is or.e of the obligations, gen­ I sense. I assure you that when I get a lions. They have little in the way of muni­ tlemen, that is imposed on me and my staff. headquarters established every one of you will tions productivity, although it is growing, I cannot conceive that the United · States be welcome there. Some of you were in m:V ·and some of it, illdeed, is very good. ever ccnsented to accept the responsibility headquarters some years ago. It will be a I believe that the transfer of certain of for act ing in Western Europe except with nice return visit if you come back. our units should be in direct ratio to what those two reservations. that their represent­ · The cost of peace is going to be a sacrifice, .Europe is doing so that we know that we atives would do their utmost to see that a very great sacrifice individually and nation­ are all going forward together, and no one they were all advancing together and that ally. But the total war is tragedy; it is prob­ is suspicious of the other. the United States was not being made merely ·ably the suicide of civ1lization. The great need•of the moment,·as I say, is an Atlas to carry the world upon its shoul• equipment. The great, the crying need to­ ders. I cap see. that each one of you in your I came back, ladies and gentlemen, with day, as I see it, is equipment, the impedi­ great responsibilities as the lawmakers of the purpose of rendering just a report. It. ls menta of armies, of navies, of air forces. It this Nation h as an element and a part of not my proper role to be exhorting the Mem­ must be furnished quickly and properly,.ad­ that responsibil1ty indiV·idually. But we bers. . I am trying now to make my words justed to this purpose of ours, the purpose must not watch that so closely that we fail those of education; I am trying to make them of peace and security, to our ab111ty to carry to get out in front to provide the leadership those of deep conviction that the world, our it forward without insolvency for year after that will make this thin·g a complete success. world, has arrived at a moment of decision. year. I believe that wl.thin those limits we So this faith in America is one that lies I have come to the conclusion that we can must now go into the product.ion .of eqµlp• at the bottom of this. whole thing. Faith go on following the -basic principles of our system safely and surely, subject to the tasks ment exactly as if we. were ,preparing for the that· the leadership she can provide will . emergency of waz:. . inspire the same kind of feeling. the same that I have here so briefly tried to outline. We must remember that in World War II kind of effort in our friends abr_oad. And .We can do it without constituting of our­ we used a system we called lend-lease, and there I am sure we must exercise a bit of selves or of our forces a threat to any other I heard often in my headquarters people patience. It takes · some time for our pur­ nation. Any attempt so to describe it would criticize this .scheme of lend-lease. I never poses-no matter how plainly we think they. ,be for propaganda purposes only. could feel that way about it, and I will tell may be written upon the wall-it takes some I close, ladies and gentlemen, on one note you why, ladies and gentlemen. It took. a time for others to understand those pur­ only which I have not to this moment men­ rifle and a man tq go out and advance the poses and to gain faith in them. Remember, tioned, because it does · not lie completely cause of the Allles against the enemies we we have our own doubts and divisions, and withln my province,. but it is important. had. If the United States could provide · we have our own debates ~ Think how that .That is our own efforts to let the world un­ merely the rifle and get someone else to ls multiplied in Europe where there are 10 derstand what we are about, what we are, carry it in order to do the work t~at was of these nations in this organization, and !tnd sometimes our own efforts to have our necessary, I was perfectly content. . they have all of the nationalistic factors to own people understand what we ·are trying I believe in this thinking, particularly to­ increase the intensity of the debate. We ~o do. In any event, I believe that the day. If we can put munitions in the hands must have patience. Some of their prob".' United States needs a very, very much strong­ of people that we know will serve on the lems are very, very serious. France, in the er information service. In our case I would side that is essential to our future security, war against communism in Indochina, is los­ not call it propaganda, because the truth is to the kind of life our grandchildren are ing monthly more than half of the men she all we need. We do not have to falsify the going to live, the only thing we need to know can produce as instructors, the lnsti:uctors record nor our intentions. [Applause.] is that they are goi'.!}g forward with us. They they need· to produce the army in France I think most of you know it has been my are ~ !Ot lagging in their hearts or in their which they are so desperately trying to do. invariable practice when I appear before a efforts. They have promised in spite of that to have body such as this to ask for a question . I would say that in this particular subject by the end of the year 1953 roughly 25 battle­ period. As has been explained to you by of equipment the· United States faces again ready divisions. That is the kind of effort your Presiding Officer, it was decided that it the great proposition of transferring so much they are making. was impossible today. But I am, I believe, of its great productive capacity into the ter­ Britain has similar things to face. Others, going to be in joint meetings with four com­ rible business of producing· munitions of too, have problems. So . While we may get a mittees of the Congress. I assure you t hat, war. You gentlemen are going to find it bit impatient when we think they do not see so ·far as it lies within my power to do so, I one of your most difficult, but at the sam~ instantly what we are trying to do and what will answer as honestly and sincerely as I time one of your most important and. im­ they should do in order to have the effort know how every single question which you mediate, tasks. mutual and equal, we must have patience, may choose to ask me. •I believe as of now that with that equip­ ladies and gentlemen. Leadership must have This has been a very great honor, ladies ment we will find a great rejuvenation in patience or it cannot succeed. and gentlemen. I cannot tell you .how much western morale. What we are trying to do, And now there is .one other point. I it means to me that you have assembled to ladies and gentlemen, is to start a sort of tried desperately to bring to you gentlemen, hear the conclusions that I have drawn and reciprocal action across the Atlantic. We specific types ofNew York [Mr. CELLER] assured me that (Thereupon, at 11 o'clock and 25 minutes its jurisdiction. an agreement has been reached with the a. m., the meeting adjourned.) Mr. BROWN of Ohio and Mr. COX gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BRowNJ as to INVESTIGATION OF EDUCATION, TRAIN­ rose. the number of subcommittees, I present ING, AND LOAN GUARANTY PROGRAMS The SPEAKER. The gentleman from it today. A quorum was present. The OF VETERANS Illinois has the floor. committee had jurisdiction. · Mr. COX.· Mr. Speaker, will the gen. Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, if the gentle­ Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. Speaker, I call tleman yield? man will yield there, the gentleman will up House Resolution 93 and ask for its Mr. SABA TH. For a question. recall that the gentleman from Virginia immediate consideration. Mr. COX. For a statement. The gen­ [Mr. SMITHJ arid the gentleman from The Clerk read as follows: tleman violates an agreement we had on Texas were not present. There was not Resolved, That there is hereby created a the floor. a single Republican present. select committee to be composed of nine Mr. SABATH; There was a Republi­ Members of the House of Representatives to Mr. SABATH. I did not violate any .be appointed by the Speaker, one of whom he agreement. can present. shall designate as chairman. Any vacancy The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mr. COX. Not a single Republican occurring in the membership of the com­ Illinois asked unanimous consent to have was present. Tnis was not on the agenda mittee shall be filled in the manner in which until midnight to file a report from the but it was called up after the Republi­ the original appointment was made. Committee on Rules. That was day be­ ·cans left, and there was not the ma­ The committee ls authorized and directed, fore yesterday. The request was ob­ jority present. effective January 3, 1951, to conduct a full jected to. There was no agreement the Mr. SABATH. I will ask the gentle­ and complete investigation, evaluation, and man whether Republicans were present study of the alleged abuses in the education Chair knows anything about. and training and loan guaranty programs of Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I had an or not. .World War II veterans, and of action taken, agreement with the gentleman myself. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, or the lack of action taken by the respon­ The Committee on Rules reported this may I be heard on the point of order? sible officers ~nd employees of the Veterans' .resolution when a quorum was not Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Administration and State approving agencies present. Speaker, I make the point of order that to prevent abuses under Public Laws 16 and Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I ·a quorum is not present. 346 (78th Cong.) ·as amended. desire to make a point of order. . ¥r. SABA~. Mr. Speaker, , I ask The committee shall report to the House unanimous consent to withdraw it. · (or to the Clerk of the House if the House Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I approached is not in session) as soon as practicable dur­ the gentleman on the floor and made a The SPEAKER. The gentleman can­ ing the present Congress the results of its statement to him. He said he would not not make any unanimous-consent re­ investigation, evaluation, and study, to­ off er this resolution until the committee quest at this time. The House cannot gether with such recommendations as it had had opportunity to act on it again. transact business unless the point of or­ ' deems advisable. Now, that was fair of the gentleman. Of der of no quorum is withdrawn. For the purpose of carrying out this reso­ · course, I do not mean to say the gentle­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. By re­ lution, the committee Ls authorized to sit man intentionally violates an agreement, quest I withhold the point of order, Mr. and act during the present Congress at such Speaker. times and places within the United States but he has violated an agreement. whether the House is in session, has recessed, Mr. SABATH. No.· Wait a minute. The SPEAKER. The gentleman can­ or had adjourned, to hold such hearings, and · Mr. Speaker, to make matters clear, two not withhold it. He must withdraw it. to require, by subpena or otherwise, the at­ of the Republican Members left the com­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Well, I tendance and testimony of such witnesses mittee-the committees remained in ses­ will withdraw it then. I understand I and the production of such books, records, sion-to answer a roll call. We had can make it again pretty quick. correspondence, memoranda, papers, and seven Members and there was no objec­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman cer­ documents, as it deems necessary. Sub­ tion. penas may be issued under the signature of tainly can. the chairman of the committee or any mem­ Mr. COX. The gentleman is mistaken. Mr. SABATH. I withdraw the resolu­ ber of the committee designated by him, There were six. I counted them. tion, Mr. Speaker. and may be served by any person designated Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS by such chairman or member. The chair­ make the point of order that the resolu­ man of the committee or any member there­ tion has not been properly reported by Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, by direction of or any member of the committee staff the Rules Committee. of the committee o~ Rules I call up may administer oaths to witnesses. Mr. SABATH. It has been reported. House Resolution 33 and ask for its im­ , The SPEAKER. The question is on Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I think an in­ mediate consideration. the resolution. quiry by the Chair will determine there The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ The resolution. was agreed to. was not a quorum present; and that the lows: A motion to reconsider was laid on resolution was not before the committee Resolved, That, effective January 3, 1951, the table. at that time. there is hereby created a select committee Mr. COX. That is right. That is a to be composed of nine Members of the COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY House of Representatives to be appointed correct statement. by the Speaker, one of whom he shall des­ Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I desire Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I must protest, ~gnate as chairman. Any vacancy occurring to file a privileged report for printing in Mr. Speaker, and I must make the point in the membership of the committee shall the RECORD. of order inasmuch as I regret to do so. be filled in the manner in which the original The Clerk read as follows: Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, even if a appointmen~ was mad~ . The committee is authorized and directed House Resolution 95, authorizing the quorum was not present, no point of or­ der has been made. But a quorum was to conduct a study and investigation of the Committee on the Judiciary to conduct problems of small busines:;; existing, arising, studies and investigations relating to mat· present, and I can give you the names or that may arise, with particular reference ters within its jurisdiction. . of the seven Members who were present. to (1) whether the potentialities of small Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, They were Mr. Cox, Mr. COLMER, Mr. business are being adequately developed and, a parliamentary inquiry. '.!MADDEN, Mr. DELANEY, Mr. MITCHELL, Mr. if not, what factors have hindered and are LATHAM, and myself. Seven of twelve hindering the normal operation of estab­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman will makes a quorum. But I withheld it be­ lished small business and/ or its development state it. cause the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. and enterprise; (2) whether agencies, de­ Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, BROWN] objected due to some misunder­ partments of the Government, or Govern­ may the gentleman from Ohio inquire standing with the gentleman from New ment owned or controlled corporations are what is the privileged report? properly, adequately, or equitably serving York [Mr. CELLER]. Since that time I the needs of small business; (3) whether The SPEAKER. The Clerk read the have learned that the gentleman from small l;msi11ess is being treated fairly and report. The Clerk will reread .it. New York U\iJ:r. CELLERJ has agreed the public welfare properly and justly served 1951 CONGRE_SSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE 877 .- through the allotmentJ of valuable materials I am confident that there is no Mem­ SMALL BUSINESS PROBLEMS IN THE NATIONAL in which there are shortages, in the grant­ ber of the House who does not share EMERGENCY ing of priorities· or preferences in the use, sale, or purchase of said materials; and (4) · these views. The most important action Every Member realizes that these prob­ the solution of the problems of small busi­ which this body can take.to demonstrate lems will increase in number and com­ ness during the continuance of the existing its interest in small business is the con­ plexity as we go further into the mo­ national emergency. tinuance of the small-business man's bilization period. It will be impossible The committee may from time to time own committee in the House. for individual Members to handle the submit to the House such preliminary re­ HISTORY OF THE SMALL BUSINESS COMMITTEE problems brought to them by small-busi­ ports as it deems advisable; and prior to ness men in their districts in -the ensuing the close of the present Congress shall sub­ The House Small Business Committee months. Other committees of the House mit to the House its final report on the re­ was c::reated by the Seventy-seventh sults of its study and investigation, together Congress just 3 days before the infamous are fully occupied in dealing with various with such recommendations as it deems ad­ attack on Pearl Harbor. Its value to the phases of mobilization, but not specifi­ visable. Any report submitted when the Nation has been attested by the fact that cally with its impact upon small busi­ House is not in session may be filed with each succeeding Congress has unani­ ness. . The small-business man's only the Clerk of the House. hope that .Qe will receive adequate con­ For the purposes of this resolution the mously continued the life of the com­ mittee. Throughout the past decade, sideration by the House is through the committee, or any subcommittee thereof, is House Small Business Committee. It is authorized to sit and act during the pres­ · encompassing the World ·war II years, my hope that the House will adopt House ent Congress at such times and places, the postwar readjustment period, and whether or not the House is sitting, has re­ now the period of mobilization against Resolution No. 33 by a unanimous vote . . cessed, or has adjourned, to borrow from another menace to our way of life, the Mr. HILL. Mr. Speaker, it is my con­ Government departments and agencies such House Small Business Committee has tention that the House Small Business special assistants, to hold such hearings, to given unlimited attention to every major Committee is one of the most necessary require the attendance of such v:vitnesses· committees of the House because of its and the production of such books, papers, problem confronting small business. almost unlimited opportunities for serv­ and documents, and to take such testimony, There is not sufficient time for me· to ice to the largest business increment in . as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be recount the accomplishments of the the American economy. The old adage, issued under the signature of the chairman committee during this period, but ~ of the committee or any properly designated "Great oaks from little acorns grow," ap­ should like to call your attention to a : plies to our business enterprises. Three . chairman of a subcommit: : 1 thereof, or any few highlights. In the early years· of member designated by him, and may be score and 10 years ago the economy of served by any person designated by such. World War II, when many thousands of our country consisted of only small busi­ chairman or member. The chairman of the small businesses throughout the Nation nesses. Today these have grown into COI]ll1littee or any member thereof may ad­ were closing their doors through inabil­ huge industries which produce and sup­ minister oaths to witnesses. ity to obtain scarce materials or defense ply us with the major products used contracts, the committee conducted by most of the 150,000,000 people in our With the following committee amend­ hearings which ied to the passage of the ment: Nation. If conditions change to such an Smaller War Plants Act. extent that small-business units cannot .Page 3, line 3, strike out "to borrow from · After the war the committee gave in­ Government departments and agencies such be formed and cannot prosper, the fu­ special ...ssistants,". valuable assistance to small-business. ture industrial expansion and develop­ men undergoing the difficult experience ment of business would be endangered. The committee amendment was agreed of reconversior- to a civilian economy. It Recently a distiguished engineer wrote to. was instrumental in the passage of legis- . a brochure on progress in America which Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the lation providing thousands of small busi­ I have seen since the 1880's. He pointed gentleman yield to me to offer an amend­ nesses opportunity to handle war-sur­ out that in the last decade of the nine­ ment? plus materials. It gave continuing at-. teenth century there were no electric Mr. LYLE. I yield to the gentleman tention to such problems as credit fa­ lights, no telephones, no streetcars, no from Texas. cilities for small business, Government motor vehicles, no carbon steel, and no Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I offer an competition with private enterprise, and engine-driven ships. Within a period of amendment. the many problems involved in Govern­ less than 25 years dozens of vast indus­ The Clerk read as follows: ment procurement. tries were developed by inventions in the Amendment offered by Mr. PATMAN: Pi-tge WORK OF THE COMMITTEE IN THE EIGHTY-FIRST . fields of public utilities, transportation, 1, lines 2 and 3, strike out "nine Members" . CONGRESS . and communication. Most of our great . and insert ln lieu thereof "eleven Members." In recent months the committee has present-day inventions, most of our great Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, the pend­ centered its attention on the problems of industries, and our entire economic ing resolution-House Resolution 33- the current mobilization period. It suc­ structure were begun, continued, de­ deserves the wholehearted support of cessfully sponsored and supported small­ veloped, and expanded to their huge pro­ every Member on both sides of the aisle. business amendments to the Defense portions in little more than a half There is nothing partisan, nor· is there Production Act of 1950. · It was instru­ century. anything controversial, in the proposal mental in the establishment of small­ We have tremendous industrial to reconstitute the committee of this business offices in the Department of strength-great laboratories, thousands body which has devoted constant atten­ Defense, the National Production Au­ of technicians, and·a considerable num­ tion to the problems of small business for thority, and the Economic Cooperation ber of billion-dollar corporations. We nearly a decade. Administration. It was successful in should not permit our economic struc­ Throughout my connection with the expanding the number of ·outlets for ture to become top-heavy with powerful House Small Business Committee-and I Government procurement information combinations which tend to weaken the have served on the committee since its from 65 to approximately 6,000 through­ foundation of smaller enterprises. We inception-all of the committee mem­ out the Nation. · It is acting as the pro­ must not forget the small-business pro­ bers have worked together harmoniously tagonist of small business over Govern­ ducers, wholesalers, distributors, and re­ and in a spirit of sincere cooperation. tailers who would be swallowed up by ment procurement policies, and it has the giants if not wisely protected and The committee has approached the drafted legislation to create a special problems of small business without par­ preserved. Both the big and little people tisanship or a desire to make political Government agency to assure small busi­ should have definite functions and op­ capital out of them. Whatever differ­ ness full participation ,in the mobiliza­ portunities in the American competitive ences of opinion the committee members tion program. In addition, the commit­ system. may have in other fields, they are agreed tee has aided hundreds of individuals There are serious competitive handi­ that small, independent business must and firms with specific problems through caps which small business must over­ be· preserved as the bulwark of .our eco-: Members of the House .. come even in normal times: inability to nomic system. They are agreed that These are only a few of the results obtain equity capital and long-term fi­ private enterprise must be kept free and which the House has obtained by creat­ nancing; shortages of certain raw ma­ competitive. And they have worked to­ ing a special committee to study the terials and finished products; unequal gether toward those objectives. problems of small business. o_pportunity to compete in markets; lack 878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 of -credit. for development and exQan­ years ago. The events of the past year has made notable· studies of the steel sion; and others too numerous to men­ point to the extinction of thousands of industry, of oil imports, of cement dis­ tion. The mobilization program in­ firms unless our mobilization program is tribution, and of the fur industry. It creased and intensified these handicaps redirected. Few of these firms are to­ has' placed on a continuing basis an in­ to such an extent that many small con­ day participating in the war effort. vestigation of the operating effectiveness cerns may be forced to quit doing busi­ Many lack materials for civilian produc­ of the antitrust agencies. · This has al­ ness. tion. Small business has been begging ready begun to pay dividends in the form At this time the most acute problems for contracts which have gone to large of increased operating efficiency of these facing small business are in the field concerns. It is the story of 1941 all over agencies. It has prepared a 50-year his­ of procurement. The Small ,Business again. tory of antitrust legislation which has Committee has already begun the fight No one will challenge the assertion been widely acclaimed. for realistic recognition of the rights that we need the producing facilities of Second. Assistance in legislation: The and resources of small manufacturers these small businesses in the war effort. Small Business Committee is not a legis­ who should be given greater opportuni­ In the aggregate they far exceed the fa­ lative committee of the House. Never­ ties ·to contribute a proportionate share cilities of our industrial giants. It will theless, it has rendered very valuable to the defense program. Results of be impossible as it was in World War II . service in enacting legislation. Some of World War II should be 'a warning to us to attain our maximum effort unless we the measures upon which it has been as we enter this period of accelerated utilize to the fullest extent the resources active are: recent amendments to the preparedness for -possible world war III. of small business. The loss of this es-· Economic Cooperation Act, amendments The closing down of a large number of sential productive capacity would be a to the Sherman and Clayton Acts, a uni­ small businesses was a great wastage of great tragedy. · form statute of limitations in treble capital, materials, and manpower. At Small business lies at the roots of the damage suits under the antitrust laws, the same time economic concentration American economic system. It is the Public Law :;aso eliminating premium increased by leaps and bounds. Al­ bed rock upon which our whole econ- . payments on cantracts for the purchase though big corporations are expected to omy is built. It is the very basis of the of Government royalty oil, the Small produce a great ai:nount of war materiel, American way of life. Without it the Business Act of 1950, Public Law 776 it is not best for the whole economy to competitive system will fail and freedom granting technical_aid to small business, · have large corporations controlling an · 'as we know it will disappear. We are and many others. unreasonably high percentage of pro­ fighting totalitarianism just as we were Third. Assistance in procurement: duction. Such control makes it diffi­ in 1941. The essense of totalitarianism The committee· has been very active in cult, if not impossible, for small firms is regimentation and control. It thrives helping small-business men who are try­ to obtain contracts on which production ·on bigness, on subservience, and on spe­ ing to become Government contractors. costs can be met and materials. essen-· cial privilege. We must convince the . It has made much information accessi­ tial for both military and civilian pro­ world that a free economy operating un­ ble to small· producers and ~ has helped duction. der a democratic Government is ·more · in the latter's dealings with procure­ The Small Busine·ss Committee has efficient and more capable of building a . ment officers. It has lifted ·a heavy load an unprecedented opportunity to keep high standard of living than totalitar­ . from our shoulders in taking care of the procurement officials aware of the abili­ ianism. many inquiries and complaints from the ties and facilities of small business which This demands the continued prosper- . public. More than this it has spurred should be integrated in the national ity of independent businessmen. A free the procurement officers themselves -to defense program. The officers and staff and competitive system in which there· a greater awareness of the needs of small of the committee will continue to main- · is freedom of opportunity, a constant business and to an increased willingness tain an open forum where small-busi­ spur to efficiency and prompt penalties: to make use of ~ the latter's facilities. ness men can be heard and appropriate for inefficiency will produce more wealth Because of its past record and promise­ action taken to give all possible assist­ not only for the war period we are now of continued usefulness I believe the life ance. Many of us send our constituents entering but in the days of peace to of the committee should be extended to this committee for information and come. through the Eighty-second Congress. guidance. Its services will be needed It was once said, "The only way to The SPEAKER. The question is on more in the biennium ahead than in any enrich America is to make it possible the amendment. period since its creation at the begin­ for any man who has the brains to get The amendment was agreed to. ning of the last World War. into the game. No system is renewed The resolution was agreed to. Mr. RIEHLMAN. Mr. Speaker, the from the top; it is renewed from the A motion to reconsider was laid on the Select Committee on Small Business of bottom. Limit opportunity, restrict the table. · the House of Representatives was es­ field of originative achievement, and you tablished in 1941 3 days before Pearl have cut out the heart and root of all SELECT COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE Harbor, when our effort in World War II prosperity." We must not cut out the THE USE OF CHEMICALS IN FOOD was just beginning. The advent of war '.'heart and root" of our economic sys­ PRODUCTS caused an immediate and serious crisis tem. Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. Speaker, by di­ for small business. The very life of The Small Business Committee has a rection of the Committee on Rules, I call small business was threatened. Unjust vital part to play in this great task of up House Resolution 74 and ask for its economic conditions arising out of mo­ preserving our free institutions. It has immediate consideration. bilization of industry seemed likely to already demonstrated its usefulness in The Clerk read the resolution, as deprive the small and independent busi­ the nearly 10 years of its existence. A follow>S: ness units of the very opportunity to sur­ review of its accomplishments during Resolved, That, effective from January 3, vive. the Eighty-first Congress indicates the 1951, the select committee created by House During the previous war and the dif­ importance of its work. Among these Resolution 323 of the Eighty-first Congress is ficult postwar years the committee ren­ the following are the more outstanding: authorized to continue the investigation and dered an invaluable service to the small­ First. Investigation: The committee study begun under authority of such House business men of this country and to the has instituted several important investi­ Resolution 323 and for such purposes shall have the same power and authority as that country as a whole. By its efforts pro­ gations of problems pertaining to small conferred by such House Resolution 323. curement policies were modified to make business. Among these are its study of The committee shall report to the House (or it possible for small business to partici­ identical bidding on Government con­ to the Clerk of the House if the House is not pate in the war effort. It was instru­ tracts. This led the General Services in session) as soon as practicable during the mental in enacting legislation which as­ Administration to issue a regulation present Congress, the results of its investiga­ sured small business of a fair share in making it incumbent upon all civilian tion and study, together with such recom­ war contracts. It helped the little fel­ agencies to award a contract to a small­ mendations for legislation as it may deem low in making readjustments both to business concern when two or more advisable. ' war and to peacetime production after ~qual bids are received. The commit­ Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. Speaker, this war. tee's investigation of consumer-credit resolution will continue the authority of The present crisis confronting small controls was instrumental in securing a · the Select Committee To Investigate the business is no less severe than it was 10 relaxation of regulation W in 1947. ~t Use of .Chemicals in Food Froducts. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 879 Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speal{er, man of the committee or any member but our situation is most serious. I be­ will the gentleman yield? thereof may administer oaths to witnesses. lieve it to be vastly more serious than Mr. MITCHELL. I yield. That the said committee shall report to most of the country realize. I fear that the House of Representatives during the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. May I observe present Congress the results of their studies to hesitate in the following of our mili· that the resolution continues the . so­ and investigations with such recommenda­ tary leaders would be taken by people called Delaney committee, which started tions for legislation or otherwise as the com­ in other parts of the world as an indi­ its operations late in the Eighty-first mittee deems desirable. c2,tion of an indisposition to go all out in the endeavor to save this, our beautiful Congress, in the second session. The Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 30 committee has done exceptionally good America, which we call our home. minutes to the gentleman from Ohio I hope the House will accept this reso­ work. It has a rather important task [Mr. BROWN], and now yield 5 minutes ahead of it for the protection of the lution without a single dissenting vote. to the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. The gentleman from Georgia [Mr. VIN­ health of the people of America. 011 Cox]. both sides of the aisle there seems to be SON] i:md the great committee over general agreement that the committee Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, because of the which he presides with supremely great must and should carry on. importance of the subject being dealt distinction are entitled to this vote of with and of the background of the great confidence. Mr. MITCHELL. The resolution Committee on Armed Services, and the would continue the Select Committee To The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ experience that it has had in this field, tleman from Georgia [Mr. Cox] has Investigate the Use of Chemicals in Food the Committee on Rules was happy to Products. expired. report the pending resolution. The Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, Under the able chairmanship of the adoption of this resolution will, in my gentleman from New York [Mr. DE­ I yield myself such time as I may use, opinion, result in practically a~l of the and I ask unanimous consent to revise LANEY], the committee, which was estab­ committees of the House askmg that lished just last year, has filed an interim and extend my remarks. they be given subpena powers, and a The SPEAKER. Without objection, it report. This report, in the opinion of denial of this request to any single com­ the Rules Committee, outlines a field in is so ordered. mittee wlll be a difficult thing to do. I There was no objection. which further investigation should be am convinced, however, that these are conducted. There are many indications Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I matters which should be cleared with feel that all of us, regardless of political that this study will result in suggestions the leadership, and where they are re­ of legislation which may be necessary if affiliation, can join with the gentleman lated to national defense, they should from Georgia [Mr. Cox] in the remarks the public is to be protected adequately likewise be cleared with the leadership by the food and drug laws. he has just concluded on this floor as of the majority, for there are on foot to the patriotism and capabilities of the This, in my judgment, is a very im­ schemes to use the investigatory powers men and women in this House. It seems portant task especially in view of the Qf committees to perpetrate gigantic to me it is also proper to say that the fact that the average citizen takes it for frauds upon the American businessman, strong leadership, the great patriotism, granteq that Federal law does protect who ought not to be put on the griddle which the gentleman from Georgia de­ him fully from the presence of harmful just for the sake of getting all the grease scribed, pertains on the minority side of ingredients in f ooG.s. that his hog contains. He ought, how­ the House as well as to the majority, and The committee report states that while ever, to be held to a strict accounting that all of us, whether we call ourselves 704 chemicals are used in the prepara­ and made to keep faith with the Congress Republicans or Democrats, are vitally tion of foods, only 428 are known to be and the country and live up to all of his and deeply concerned with the welfare safe. This need not indicate that the engagements. and security of this great Nation. other 276 chemicals are harmful when Mr. Speaker, on yesterday I was glad It seems to me, Mr. Speaker, the mem­ used. It does mean, however, that the to see party lines melt under the rays of bership of the House is entitled to know safety of these 276 chemicals has not the genuine affection that this body bears the full content and portent of this reso­ been established to the satisfaction of for the great man who presides over it. lution and -something of the discussion the Food and Drug Administration. The gentleman who occupies the high which took place in the Rules Commit­ The SPEAKER. The question is on position of Speaker of the House of Rep­ tee which has original jurisdiction over the resolution. resentatives is no political accident. The thi~ particular resolution, at the time it The resolution was agreed to. high station which he holds he earned was considered and reported favorably. A motion to reconsider .was laid on the by patient toil. He is no counter!eit be­ This is indeed a very important reso­ table. cause the coiner who stamped him is lution, placing upon one of the great COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES God. That which I say of our presiding standing committees of this House per­ officer I can say and do say with equal haps the heaviest burden and the great­ Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, by direction earnestness of his distinguished prede­ of the Committee on Rules, I call up est responsibility any legislative commit­ cessor, the gentleman from Massachu­ tee has been asked or instructed to as­ House ·Resolution 38 and ask for its im­ setts [Mr. MARTIN]. I say it with the mediate consideration. sume in all the years we have had a same earnestness as regards the most Congress. I regret that the chairman of · The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ moral man I ever knew, the majority the great Committee on Armed Services, lows: leader [Mr. McCORMACK]. I say it of the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. VIN­ Resolved, That the Committee on Armed the brilliant CHARLEY HAL~ECK, LES SON], is not present, but I am sure he Services, acting as a whole or by subcom­ ARENDS, faithful PERCY PRIEST, ·and of the will agree with that which I am about mittee, is authorized and directed to con­ noblest Roman of them all, BoB DoUGH­ to say as being a true reflection of that duct thorough studies and investigations TON, and particularly do I say it of How­ relating to matters coming within the juris­ which has gone on, and of the expressed diction of such committee under rule XI ARD SMITH, the "Old Ironsides" of the desires of the members of the Rules ( 1) ( c) of the Rules of the House of Repre­ fleet that sails the sea of this, our little Committee as to what can and should sentatives, and for such purposes the said legislative world. be the purpose and accomplishments of committee or any subcommittee thereof is Mr. Speaker, this is the country of his committee under this resolution. · hereby authorized to sit and act during the every one of us, and in dealing with mat· In the budget which the President sub­ present Congress at such times and places ters affecting its welfare it is of tre­ mitted to the Congress a few weeks ago within or outside the United States, whether mendous importance in these times of the House is in session, has recessed, or has one section provides that more than adjourned, to hold such rearings, and to re­ stress that we present a solid front. $41 ,000,000,000 of American funds be quire by subpena or otherwise the attend­ Soon we will have coming before us a expended upon national defense. The ance and testimony of such witnesses and question that will test our metal, a ques­ authorization of most of these expendi­ the production of such books, records, cor­ tion which has to do with the drafting tures certainly the planning of these respondence, memoranda, papers, and docu­ of the children of the country into the expe~ditures, will come under the jur~s­ ments, as it deems necessary. Subpenas armed services. Protest is arising all may be issued over the signature of the diction of the Armed Services Commit­ chairman of the committee or any member over the country to the drafting of 18· tee. Most of the members of that great of the committee designated by him, and year-old boys. committee have had many years of ex­ may be served by any person designated I appreciate the objections that are perience in connection with military by such chairman or member. The chair- raised. They are strongly persuasive, matters. 880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 . This resolution places upon the Armed tions, of all of the activities of our de­ in a better miUtary structure and in Services Committee the responsibility, as fense establishments, or of any of them. great savings for the American people. well as the power and the authority, to This resolution gives to the Armed So, Mr. Speaker, I am supporting this investigate and to study pla:ps, expendi­ Services Committee the power and the resolution with the thought and with the tures, .and proposed laws for all military authority to subpena witnesses and to hope that the work assigned to the com­ purposes, ·and the actions of our military compel the production of records. mittee, or authorized und.er this resolu­ authorities under therri. This commit­ Mr. Speaker, the Armed Services Com­ tion, will be carried out in the spirit in tee not only has to pass upon the author­ mittee is a terribly busy committee. which the Committee on Rules consid­ l.zations for expenditures, but it also has There was some question in the minds ered the resolution, and in which the jurisdiction over such legislation as se­ of members of the Rules Committee, membership of the Committee on Armed lective service, and many other similar when this resolution was before it, as to Services, discussed the whole problem ~ctivities closely associated with our na- whether the committee could or would with us; that the Committee on Armed tional defense. ' , have the time to devote to these studies Services not only be given this broad There has been voiced and expressed and investigations that · niay become authority, but will accept this great and by many Members of the House the necessary in the future, or to give the grave responsibility in a humble spirit, thought and belief that the -Congress, service to the other Members of Con­ will cooperate with the other Members which is calling upon the American peo­ gress to which I believe, and the Rules of Congress, will establish a proper staff, ple to assume the highest burden of tax­ Committee believes, all Members are en­ and will thus perform an outstanding ation at .any time· in our history, to sub­ titled. patriotic service to the people of the mit to lower living standards if neces­ We talked this whole situation over United States. . . ~ary, to embark upon a period of auster­ very frankly with Chairman VrnsoN and Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speak­ ity, and to make many sacrifices, not other members of the Committee. I er, will the gentleman yield? only of manpower but of wealth as well, ·have personally consulted, as have other Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I am happy to has the responsibility to see to it that members of the Rules Committee, with yield to the gentleman from New York. the tax moneys paid in by the American many members of the Committee on the Mr. COLE of New York. I quite fully people are spent properly, wisely, and Armed Services. They have an excep­ concur in the thought expressed by the well; and make certain the laws as en­ tionally able staff in the Armed Services gentleman from Ohio not only with re­ acted by the people's representatives in Committee, but that staff is now kept spect to the need for prompt and effec­ the Congress dealing. with the national busy about 14 to 16 hours a day with tive investigations of these varied and defense are carried out according to legislation and other matters that come innumerable complaints that come to all their intent and purpose. before the committee with great regu­ of us, and that the staff of this commit­ This statement is not in any way made larity. It does seem to some of us­ tee is already burdened with a tremen­ with the thought that it will reflect upon and I say this as a matter of record, dous amount of legislative work. How­ our military leaders. Instead, I want to and I hope perhaps as a matter of guid­ ever, I should not like to have the gen­ make clear the feeling that I think is in ance to the committee-that certain tleman's remarks with respect to the ap­ the hearts and the.minds'of every one of policies should be carried out by the ·t>ointment of the members of the full us here-that we must accept our re­ Armed Services Committee in connec­ committee or the subcommittees making sponsibility to r.1ake certain that which tion with the authorities granted it un­ the investigations to be construed as an · we are doing to prepare for the de­ der this resolution. It seems to many agreement that Members who have a fense of America and to mak_e our Na­ of us, for instance, that it will be neces­ military installation in the district which tion secure is done wisely and well, and sary to name a subcommittee or a series .they· represent should be excluded from as economically as possible, under all of subcommittees to investigate and to participation in subcommittee assign­ circunistances. . carry on the studies and. investigations ment. I think that would be a mistake. . Some of the Members have suggested that are or will be necessary . I think it would be denying "the Member we establish a special committee to keep It is the hope, the express hope, and representing that district under inves­ track of all of the matters that come the thought, of many of us that in nam­ tigation his responsibilities to that dis­ within our national defense structure. ing these subcommittees care be taken trict. It would be denying to the sub­ But it appealed to the reason and the that, if possible, the membership ·of .committee making .the investigation the logic of the Committee on Rules that these. subcommittees be selected from benefit of that Member's information. I perhaps the one committee best among those Members who do not have quite agree that care should be taken in equipped, which has had the greatest military installations in their home the selection of the· members of the sub­ knowledge of all. these military matters areas or in their districts which may be committee but I cannot concur that as and of the problems that will come UP­ affected by any investigation one way a matter of policy no member of the sub­ and there will be a myriad of them-was or the other. As I said a moment ago, we committee should be on an investigation the Committee on Armed Services. discussed these things very frankly. of an installation in his own district. There is a strong feeling that there It seems that the regular staff of the Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, will "the gen­ should be a committee to which the Armed Services Committee as now con­ tleman yield? membership of this House could turn stituted, has been so burdened, and is Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield to the with their national defense problems. still so busy with regular committee gentleman from Georgia. some committee that would see to it the matters, that-they should not be given Mr. COX. Is not the gentleman cor­ complaints which reach us will be ade­ this extra burden, but that instead the rect in the observation he made, and can quately investigated and a prompt re­ Armed Services Committee should be the gentleman not accept the sugges­ port made on them, even though many furnished and should be given an ade­ tion? of these complaints are unfounded. quate and able special staff to devote its Mr. BROWN of Ohio. May I say to Mr. Speaker, we had recited, in the special attention to the particular prob­ the gentleman that I hav.e made my sug­ Rules Committee meeting on this sub­ lems and the work of study and investi­ gestion as a result of many discussions ject, the experience of some members gation. I say this adequate special staff that have been held with other Mem­ of the committee, wherein they had will be needed, because, as I mentioned bers and with the thought that it cer­ written letters of inquiry to branches in the beginning, through this Armed tainly would not be embarrassing to any of the Defense Department, and months Services Committee will fl.ow some forty­ member of the Committee on Armed later have not received any reply, or one, perhaps fifty to sixty billion or more Services. I question very much that answer. So it did appeal to us of the dollars of the American taxpayers' there are any members of the Committee pommittee that it is necessary, as it will money each year for sorne time to come. on Armed Services who would desire to become more and more apparent in the It is only reasonable that we spend, if serve on a subcommittee which is in­ days ahead, that we must give the. power necessary, a very small portion of 1 per­ :vestigating military installations in -their and authority to some committee to cent. of the great amount to be spent on own districts. Such might be embar­ represent all of us, as well as all the national defense to be certain that the rassing. At the same time I am abso­ American people, in a carefully pro­ intent and the purpose of the Congress lutely certain there is no member of the longed and continuous study, if you is carried out. I believe such action, un­ Committee on Armed Services or any please, and, if necessary, by investfga- der able lead-ership, can and will result Member of the House, as far as that is 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 881 concerned; having any military installa- tice is herewith and hereby served on all thing within its power to see that we tion of any type in their district that . those connected in any way with our have the Proper kind of appropriation would not frankly and fairly and hon- nonpartisan attempt to strengthen the bills before us. However, I did point .estly administer their duties and re- defenses of America, that the Congress of out, or attempted to point out, that the sponsibilities and furnish the Commit- the United States through this properly · Committee on Armed Services deals with tee on Armed Ser:vices, or any other and duly constituted committee will be the authorizations not only for appro­ committee of the House, with all the on guard at all times to see that the priations, but with other legislation information they might possess that laws we enact, and our·intents and pur­ ·which does not come before the Com­ would be helpful to the Congress. My . poses we have had when we enact those mittee on Appropriations directly, such suggestion was made only · with the laws for the security of our country, are. as selective-service legislation, in which thought that it would relieve many · carried out. · there is a great deal of interest through­ members of the ·committee on Armed ·Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, will the out the Nation and which is of the great­ Services from embarrassment. gentleman yield? · est importance to our national defense Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, if the gen- Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield to the and national security. So that the first tleman will yield further, let me say to gentleman from Nebraska. responsibility rests with the Armed Serv­ the gentleman if he could find it possible ·Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman at the ices Committee, and,· secondly, the re­ to modify his statement as suggested he outset indicated that the appropriations sponsibility, of course, rests with the will have the complete support, in my far defense will run around $41,000,­ Committee on· Appropriations. There judgrrient, of the entire membership of 000,000 .. should be no conflict and there should the House.· Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Or more. be team play. · I hope there is. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I think my · Mr: STEFAN. ·He also indicated that Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, will the statement has now modified that. I there will be a myriad of defense projects gentleman yield further? shall certainly check my remarks to be constructed, and that it is very impor­ Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield. certain there is no misinterpretation of - tant that the Comimttee on Armed Serv­ Mr. STEF'AN. I did not intend to in­ the intent and the purpose of that. ices be staffed with competent help and dicate that there would be any conflict, Mr. COLE'of New York . . Mr. Speaker, have subcommittees to go out in order to but I am asking for cooperation. ram if the ge·ntleman will yield further, of . see first-hand what is really being done familiar with the duties of the legisla­ course the gentleman realizes, in making . and how this money is being expended in . tive committee, ·and also familiar with the observation which I did, I have no order to bring about efficiency and econ- · the duties of the Committee on Appro­ military or -naval or air · installation . · omy. · _ · priations, which has to deal with every whatsoever in my district, so I was not At one time the Committee on Military item of our national defense; and they speaking from my own personal stand- Affairs and other legislative committees should be armed with an adequate staff point. · not only worked on authorizations but equal to that which you are setting up Mr. BROWN of ·ohio. I .understand . appropriated the money therefor . . That today, or they should have some advan­ .that. . · has been -changed; ar.d there now is a tage of that staff in order to make proper Mr; O'HARA. · Mr. Speaker, will the Committee .on Appropriations divided · decisions as to appropriations. gentlemen yield? , into various subcc>mmittees, one of which Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I again say to : Mr. BROWN ·of Ohio. I yield _to the is the Committee on Armed Services . . It · the gentleman in all frankness and-can­ gentleman from . Minnesota. has to do with passing upon the requests dor, that it is my hope, and I assume it . Mr. O'HARA. Let me say that I con- of the defense agencies for expenditures. is the intent and purpose of the Com­ cur generally with the remarks the gen- I am not a member of that subcommit­ mittee on Armed Services, to cooperate. tleman has made as to the need for .this tee; however, I am a member of the Com­ The chairman of the Committee· on resolution. I particularly emphasize to mittee on Appropriations. I know of the Armed Services, as I said a moment ago, the Members of the House that we have necessity for this resolution . . It is long will address the House on his own time great confidence in the Committee on · past due .. and, I am sure, will answer many of Armed Services and, often our _only re- The Committee on Armed Services in these questions and make. his position course in connection with certain mat- these perilous times must have at its clear. Certainly there is no intent or ters which come to us as individual Mem- . command the best possible staff ob­ thought on my part, or on the part of bers· of Congress is to go to individuals tainable. However, knowing the meager the Committee on 'Rules, in any w~y to on the committee and ask them, by rea- staff that is available to the Subcommit­ infringe on the rights, prerogatives, pow­ son of the great position they hold, to tee on Appropriations for Military Af­ ers, and authority of the great Commit- . investigate these matters. So I do hope fairs, I wonder if the gentlemen of the · tee on Appropriations. Indeed we are the members of the great Committee on Committee. on Rules, in your delibera­ looking to that committee to be a safe­ Armed Services will assist us when we as tions, have given some thought in this guard and protection for all of us. Of Members · of Congress appeal to them, resolution to take into consideration the course we have the highest respect and · because often they are only·ones to whom obstacles confronted by the subcommit­ regard for the abilities and capacities we can appeal with confidence to have tee of the Committee on Appropriations of that committee. There should not be something investigated. I hope the gen- dealing with these very same matters, any conflict, and I hope I have expressed tleman will agree with me that probably and whether or not there is going to be it-there will be no conflict-and there • some investigations should be held at closer liaison between this organization should not be. I agree with the gentle­ this time as to certain things which are of. investigators and the Committee on man from Nebraska that there should be going on. Appropriations in order that the Com- cooperation and not conflict. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. May I say to mittee on Appropriations will be at least · Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 min­ the gentleman that the committe.e have furnished some assistance in order to utes to the gentleman · from Georgia been conducting some inve.stigations, as better coµie to the proper decisions when [Mr. VINSON]. best they can, with the rather limited they write or mark up a bill making Mr. VINSON. Mr. Speaker, at the and terribly busy staff they now have. appropriations for our national defense. outset I want to thank the Rules Com-· We have been assured, of course, that the What liave you done about that? mittee for acting favorably on this reso­ services to other Members of Congress Mr. BROWN of Ohio. 1· certainly lution. It is highly important. I think will be furnished to the capacity of the hope and assume there will be full co­ the emergency of .the situation re­ committee, if this resolution is adopted. operation between the Committee on quires it. Let me also say to the gentleman and Armed Services and the appr.opriate Immediately after the 25th day of to the House very frankly that I have subcommittees of the Committee on Ap­ ·June 1950, ·I introduced a bill dealing made this rather detailed statement and propriations. I certainly hope and as- : with renegotiation, and had long hear--: expressed these thoughts and purposes sume that, regardless of whatever the ings before the distinguished Committee on the floor of the House to strengthen, Committee on Armed Services may do, on Ways and Means. That committee not cripple, but strengthen, ·the arm and the membership of the subcommittee of promptly, during this session, under the the position of the Committee on Armed the Committee on Appropriations deal­ leadership of its able chairman, passed Services in meetillg a ·very great and a ing with military appropriations.will use that bill. In my judgment, there are two: very grave responsibility, Certainly, no- its own judgment and likewise do every- things absolutely necessary to be done... XCVII-56 882 CQNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 when we are spending such large sums matter is this: A general survey of the I have been through this. thing twice . of money as will be involved in the de­ capacity of every plant in America is before. I was here in World War I, I was fense appropriations. One is that there being made to see what they can do in here during World War Il. The Com­ should be a renegotiation law, and the case of an all-out mobilization. The mittee on Naval Affairs conducted in­ other is that there should be a resolution services have to do that. So this manu­ vestigations of every Navy contract dur­ giving authority to the Armed Services facturer, when they made the survey of ing World Warn and as a resUl.t of our Committee to make investigations. his plant and he said he could make a investigations and as a result of renego­ The mere fact that those two things · million uniforms, immediately thought tiation, over $3,000,000,000 was turned have happened will bring about a tend­ he had an order for a million uniforms. · back to the Treasury. So this resolution ency on the part of industry and on As a matter of fact, there have been is a step in the right direction and it is the part of .officials of the Department only a few uniforms ordered. So we run the proper thing to do. The five per­ to be more cautious and more careful down all those things. centers are probably already on the war­ in their acts, in their contracts, and in The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ path, as the gentleman from Michigan their transactions. tleman from Georgia has expired. has already said on the :fioor of the So much for that. Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield the House, and we have got a fertile field for The Armed Services Committee has gentleman five additional minutes. investigation. always been nonpartisan; It was the : Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, So trust the committee and if we do same during tpe days when we had sepa­ will the gentleman yield? not do a good job then get up on the :fioor rate committees for the Army and the Mr. VINSON. I yield. and criticize us and, if we don't correct Navy. Let me say to the Membership Mr. BROWN of Ohio. On that par­ it, we will hand it over to some special that whenever, in my capacity as chair-· ticular story which has given us an ex­ committee to do it. man of the Armed Services Committee, I ample of things that might be investi­ Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, will the address a communication on an official gated in the discussion in the Committee gentleman yield? matter to any member of the Depart­ on Rules, at that time the statement was Mr. VINSON. I yield. ment of Defense, a copy of that letter made that no one knew anything about · Mr. SHORT. I think the' gentleman which I write is always sent to the rank­ it except the newspaper reporters. should also point out that the Armed ing minority member. If there is any Mr. VINSON. That is right; it should Services Committee returned almost half committee in Congress free of politics. have been investigated. of the money that was allotted to it to where politics does not enter into any of Mr. BROWN of Ohio. The gentleman make these investigations in ·the last its deliberations, it is the Armed Services from Georgia informed the committee Congress. Committee. We do not know Democrats. that he had already ordered a report on Mr. VINSON. Last year we had this We do not know Republicans. We are the story; that he had been ahead of same authority. However, the field was only actuated by one impulse and one everyone else. Mr. VINSON. No; I told the gentle­ not as fertile then as it is now. desire, and that is to do our job and see We are very anxious about these mat­ that the country has an adequate de­ man we would do it. ters. We had some very .important in­ fense. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I thought the gentleman said he had ordered it. vestigations. We had the B-36 investi­ I am glad you reported this resolution gation and we had other investigations from the Rules Committee for considera­ Mr. VINSON. I knew nothing about it . until I heard the gentleman's statement, · and we filed our report in accordance tion by the House, because we do have an with the resolution with the Speaker of immense amount of work that can be and half an hour afterward we started on it and a letter went from me to the · the House and it is available to every­ done. This resolution embarks on a fer­ body . . We will appear before the Com­ tile field, and I want to ask the coopera­ gentleman giving information about it. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. But as the gen­ mittee on House Administration when tion of every Member of the House. this resolution is adopted and ask that When you get information, have no hesi­ tleman from· Georgia has explained on the :fioor, the Navy Department advises we be given $50,000, and then we will go tancy in sending it to the Armed Services to work. Committee so we may investigate. that the original story came from the manufacturer and that the reporters The House can trust us. We will do A few days ago our distinguished col­ a good job. league from Michigan [Mr. CRAWFORD] were not entirely wrong in printing it. made some observations. As soon as I . They presumed the manufacturer knew Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, will i·ead it in the RECORD, one of the mem­ what he was talking about when he said the gentleman yield? bers of the committee sta:tr went to see he had the order. Mr. VINSON. I yield. him to get full information. The same Mr. VINSON. That is right; but the Mr. CRAWFORD. While it is not thing has just happened again as a re­ Navy had not even o:tfered a contract. necessary, I would like to confirm what sult of a statement made in the press. All it had done was to make a survey to the gentleman said about three cases in When it was called to our attention an see if that plant could handle a certain my owri distrJct which have been re­ inquiry was made. You gentlemen will type of business and what its capacity ported to me. The chairman of the get an immense amount of information was in manufacturing dresses. Committee on the Armed Services, the and it is going to be information that Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will gentleman from Georgia [Mr. VINSON] will be run down and verified. So have the gentleman yield? has sent his investigators to my office. no hesitancy in sending it to the Armed Mr. VINSON. I yield. We have discussed these matters in de­ Services Committee. Mr. McCORMACK. But if the chair­ tail and I have written specific and press­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speake1·, v:ill man of this committee had been con­ ing letters to those constituents in my the gentleman yield? tacted about it he would have ascer­ district who submitted that information ~ Mr. VINSON. I yield. tained-- to me, requesting them to submit it to , Mr. McCORMACK. In· connection Mr. VINSON. Oh, now, I am not the chairman of the Armed Services with information we receive, much of it going to get into that argument. Committee. I grant that these matters is misinformation, sent in good faith, but Let me say this: Here is what we are cannot be cleaned up unless the people when the charge is made the truth never going to do. I discussed this matter yes­ of this country stanci together with the catches up with it, and it brings about terday with my distinguished colleague, committee and help them clean house 'some misunderstandings on the part of the gentleman from New York [Mr. when these bad things develop. , the people. Of course, no Member is COLE]. We have in the Armed Services In my opinion, it is not a matter for 'bound by it, but as far as I am concerned Committee what is known as a policy a Member of Congress to make the in­ '. r always take it up with the gentleman subcommittee where matters of this kind vestigation; it is up to this committee. 'and ascertain the facts before I make are discussed. We will ask the Commit- · We are appropriating the funds to make any charge. tee on House Administration, if this res­ the investigation and set up the ma­ ~ Mr. VINSON. That is right, and I olution passes, to make available $50,000, chinery with which to make it. think that is the proper thing to do. For and then we will agree on the special at­ Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ instance, a statement was made in the torney to handle this business. Then we mous consent that all Members who so :raper that over a million uniforms were will set him up as special counsel and desire may extend their remarks in the being ordered for the women in the Navy really go to work and we will make the RECORD immediately following the adop­ and Marine Corps. The truth of the necessary investigations. tion of the resolution. 1951· CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-HOUS·E 883 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. MASON. That really should come COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS the request of the gentleman from up by unanimous cons.ent. Mr. LYLE, Mr. Speaker, by direction Texas? Mr. McCORMACK. I appreciate that, of the Committee on Rules I call up '!'here was no objection. but we do-not w·ant to make it the prac­ House Resolution 28 and ask for its im­ Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I move the tice too much of calling up 'bills by . mediate consideration. previous question. unanimous consent unless they appear The Clerk read the resolution, · as The previous question was ordered. on the Consent Calendar. · The leader­ The resolution was agreed to. ship on both sides appreCiates and real­ follows: A motion to reconsider was laid on the izes that the great Committee on Ways Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Affairs, actin g.as a whqle or by subcommittee, table. and Means would want to set a general is authorized and directed to conduct thor­ ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY example to all other committees by com­ ough studies and investigations of all m at­ pliance with the rules which provide for ters coming within the jurisdiction of such Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I going to the Rules Committee and seek-· committee. ask unanimous consent that when the ing a rule. I shall suggest to the chair­ SEC. 2. For the purposes of this resolution, House adjourns today it adjourn to meet · man of the committee this course of . the committee, or any·subcommitt ee thereof, on Monday next. action be taken in reference to the bill · is aut horized to hold such hearings, to sit and The SPEAKER. Is there objection to to which I referred. act during the present Congress at such times the request of the gentleman from Mas­ On Wednesday next consideration of and pli:tces as the .committee may determine, sachusetts? whether or not the House is in session, has the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act will· recessed, or has adjourned, to require the There was no objection. be continued. attendance of such witnesses and the produc­ CONSENT CALEND~R It is not my intention to call up any ti0n of such books, papers, and documents Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I controversial legislation on Thursday or by subpena or ot herwise, and to take testi­ ask unanimous consent that the call of Friday of next week or on the following mony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may Monday and Tuesday. I know of no leg­ be issued under· the signature of the chair­ bills on the Consent Calendar for Mon­ man of the committee and shall be served by day next be dispensed with, there being islation now, but if there is any contro­ any person designated by such chairman. · only one bill on that calendar. versial legislation called up it will not be The chairman of the committee or any mem­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to · done until a week from next Wednesday . ber designated by him may administer oaths the request of the gentleman from Mas­ because of Lincoln Day celebrations. to : to witnesses. take place throughout the country. · sachusetts? The resolution was agreed. to. . There was no objection. If a controversial measure is eonsid­ ered on Wednesday of the week after · A motion to reconsider was laid on the . CALENDAR WEDNESDAY next if there is a roll call it will be with table.· Mr. McCORMAGK. Mr. Sl\le&ker, I · the ~nderstanding that the roll call will . COMMITTEE ON INTERIO.Ir ~ND ' INSULAR ask unanimous consent that the· business; take place on the next day, Thursday; . · ' AFFAIRS in order on Calendar Wednesday of next·: · The gentleman from. Massachusetts ·. Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, by direction. week be dispensed with. [Mr. MARTIN] and I have arrived at such of- the Committee on Rules, I call up . The SPEA:..:rnR. Is there objection to an understanding which becomes bind~ House Resolution 100 and ask for its im- · the request of the gentleman from Mas- · ing upon me. If we have any legislation _ mediate consideration. sachusetts? · on Thursday or Friday of next week it There was no objection. will be of a noncontroversial nature. The Clerk read the resolution, as-:fol- · lows: LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR NEXT WEEK · COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS Resolved, That Clause (a) 14 of rule X of Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts:. Mr . . Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. Speaker, by di­ the Rules of the House of Representatives is Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad- . rection of the Committee on Rules I call .. amended by striking. out "Committee on · dress the House for 1 minute to deter­ up House Resolution 78 and ask for its Public Lands" and inserting in lieu thereof . mine the program for next week. "Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs." immediate consideration. Clause (1) (n) of rule XI is amended by The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The· Clerk read the resolution, as the request of the gentleman from Mas­ striking out "Committee on Public Lands" follows: and inserting in lieu thereof "Committee on sachusetts? Resolved, That the Committee on Ways Interior and Insular Affairs." There was no objection. and Means, acting as a whole or by subcom­ Clause ( 2) (a) of rule XI is amended by Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, mittee, is authorized and directed to conduct striking out "Committee on Public Lands" there will be no legislation on next Mon­ thorough studies and investigations of all where it appears in the said clause and in­ day. A bill has been reported out of the matters coming within . the jurisdiction of serting in lieu thereof "Committee on In­ Ways and Means Committee today, I such committee. terior and Insular Affairs." think unanimously, and in the event the · SEC. 2. For the purposes of this resolution, · · ciause 1 of rule XII is amended by striking committee gets a rule on that bill it will the committee, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to hold such hearings, to sit out "Public Lands" where it appears in said be brought up for consideration on either and act during the present Congress at such clause and inserting in lieu thereof "In­ Tuesday or Thursday of next week. If it times and places, within or without conti­ terior and Insular Affairs." is brought up on Tuesday it will be with nental United States, as the committee may Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I ·yield 30 the understanding that if there is any determine, whether or not the House is in roll call, which I do not expect; the roll session, has recessed, or has adjourned, to minutes to the gentleman from Oregon call will go over until Wednesday. require the attendance of such witnesses [Mr. ELLSWORTH]. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I and the production of such books, papers, Mr. ELLSWORTH. I merely want to understand there is no opposition to that and documents by subpena or otherwise, to say, Mr. Speaker, that House Resolution administer such oaths, and to take such 100 was approved unanimously by the bill. testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas Mr. McCORMACK. I so understand. may be issued under the signature of the Committee on Public Lands. It was ap­ But in the event there should be a roll chairman of the committee or of any sub­ proved unanimously by the Committee call, it will go over until Wednesday. committee, or by any member designated by on Rules. It provides for the change in Mr. REED of New York. I may say to any such chairman, and may be served by the name of the Committee on Public the gentleman from Massachusetts that any person designated by any such chairman Lands to the Committee on Inte:i;ior and we are to finish up the Reciprocal Trade or member. Insular Affairs. There·are many reasons Agreements Act next week and I hope With the following committee amend­ why this change in name is desirable, one we will not spend too much time with ment: of the principal reasons being that the other legislation on that day because we Page 1, line 10, after "United States", in­ title of the committee now makes it the will devote a full legislative day to that sert "-its Territories and possessions." bill alone. same as the title of the corresponding Mr. McCORMACK. I am referring to The committee amendment was committee in the other body of the Con­ a bill that was reported out of the Ways agreed to. gress. So, Mr. Speaker, it is with the and Means Committee today relating to The resolution was agreed to. approval on this side of th~ aisle as well E bonds. I understand there is no objec­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the as the other side that this resolution is tion to that bill. table. presented. · · 884 CON(iRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I move the INCREASED TAXATION--.,MESSAGE FROM the danger of inflation with its grossly previous question. ' THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED unfair distribution of the burden. · . The previous question was· ordered. STATES (H. DOC. NO. 53) . The sensible and honest thing to do The resolution was agreed to. The SPEAKER laid before the House now is to ta~ ourselves enough, as we go the following message from the Presi­ along, to pay the financial costs of de- A motion to reconsider was laid on fenses out of our current income. · the table. dent of the United states, which was read, and referred to the Committee on Our Federal tax system can spread the COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR .Ways and Means and ordered to be cost of defense fairly among our people . AFFAIRS printed: · There are many ways in which the fair­ Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, I offer ness of the present tax system can and should be improved, but on the whole we the.following resolution Maryland. we assault their pay envelopes again, we very time it had another airport nearby The estimated annual cost of the staff should cut out of the budget those items, which could serve the purpose. and upkeep for these items is about $1,- nondefense in character and properly I appreciate the fact that mistakes 500,000. - termed nonessential, which are designed are bound to occur when mobilization Obviously if we eliminated, as we to initiate some of the pet projects of preparations are necessarily hurried, as should, the President's and Vice Presi­ the administration. and fulfill political, they are at this time. My only point is dent's free-from-tax-scrutiny allow­ vote-buying promises made to various that the constant vigilance of appro­ ance, we should take the same step re­ pressure groups. Good illustrations of priate congressional committees can do garding the $2,500 a year allowed to us this type are the proposed appropriations much in this field to protect the public as Members of Congress. to socialize farming and medicine. purse. We have no right to be parties to bam­ Then we should drastically reduce Finally, when the President and Con­ boozling the public. If we wish to in­ other recommended expenditures, laud­ gress are talking about equality of sac­ crease salaries, we should do it in a forth­ able in purpose and justifiable enough rifice, they .should match their words right fashion. as representing a legitimate governmen~ with action. This.is peculiarly true when Furthermore, I know of no group of tal activity, which cannot be properly their personal interests are invol.ved. our people who need more to be reminded classified as indispensable to the success The second bill which was passed when that their compensation is subject to tax of the primary defense etiort to which the Democrats took over power in the than do the President and Members of we are now committed. Under this Eighty-first Congress was to increase the Congress. A case could be put up for heading come rivers ·and harbors, recla­ salary of the President to $100,000 a everyone in the country, high-salaried mation, soil conservation, and a host of year and give him a $50,000 tax-free ex­ executives. and workingmen and women similar items. pense account for which he was required alike, to be allowed a tax-free sum for. We :nust wait on tidying up.the parlor to make no accounting. In the case of expenses. Everyone incurs such ex­ and repapering the guest room until we the Vice President, his salary was in­ penses in connection with his. work, for have plugged the hole in the roof and creased to $30,000 and he was given a which he is denied any tax exemption. shored up the foundations where the similar $10,000 tax-free expense account. A simple illustration is the bus fare or floor is sagging. The Speaker of the House was given a street-car fare or automobile expense A second step we must take is to serve like allowance of $10,000 for which no which almost everyone incurs in going notice on the component services of the accounting was required. to. and from his work. There is no Defense Department that unnecessary In the previous Democrat Congress, reason at all why this peculiar tax ad­ waste, duplication, and inefiiciency will the Seventy-ninth, the Congress had vantage should be accorded to those in. not be tolerated. The :figures contem­ voted tq each of its Members a $2,500 high ofiicial position. plated to be spent by the Army, Navy, tax-free expense account, also not sub­ For that reason I have introduced to­ and Air Force are not sacrosanct. They ject to any accounting. day a bill ·to a1rtend the pertinent stat-· must be carefully scrutinized. Then No one else among our taxpaying citi­ utes relating to compensation to provide their actual expenditure, reaching such zenry enjoys a comparable concession. that these tax-free expense accounts astronomical :figures, must be ·the sub.:. No_doubt, at least in the case of Mem: shall be added to the salary of the Presi­ ject of continuing and constructively bers of Congress, each one could show dent, Vice President, the Speaker, and critical review. necessary expenses incident to his job Members of Congress so that the total No one for a moment wants to deny in excess of $2,500 a year. Perhaps the compensation will be subject to incgme our fighting men the best in training, same is true of the President and Vice tax. · equipment, and care. No one wants to President. It i:; the principle involved REPORT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL HOUSING scrimp on weapons or ammunition, on ·in this preferential treatment which I AUTHORITY-MESSAGE- FROM THE planes or tanks, on the essential re­ am attacking. PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES search to improve and perfect military With complete justification, it seems equipment o'.r on any of the essential to me, the people who are being loaded Tl~e SPEAKER laid before the House items which comprise the framew.c;>rk of with additional taxes are inquiring why the following message from the Presi­ a sound defense structure. ·But the sol­ it is that the President, the Vice Presi­ dent of the United States, which was dier and the sailor are not noteworthy dent, and the Speaker and Members of read, and, together with the accompany­ for their financial prudence. They need coi:igress continue to enjoy a privilege, ing papers, referred to the Committee to have applied t6 them the cooperative, which, at least, appears to be a tax ad­ on the District of Columbia: but firm hand of those whose responsi­ vantage which is denied to other tax­ To the Congress of the United States: bility it is to total up the bill which is payers who must justify in detail a show­ In accordance with the provisions of to be submitted to the people. Without ing of expenses in connection with 'their section 5 (a) of the District of Columbia intending to imply criticism of our Na­ employment before it will be allowed: Alley Dwelling Act, approved June 12 tion's great military leaders, most of I am not disposed to quarrel With the 1934, I transmit herewith for the in~ them dedicated to their task and de­ actual salary increase which was given formation of the Congress the report serving our profound gratitude, I am the President and Vice President in of the National Capital Housing Author­ satisfied that there are wide areas of 1949. Theirs are onerous responsibili­ ity for the fiscal year ended June 30 opportunity for savings, without impair­ ties. But it seems to me inexcusable for 1950. . , ment in any degree of the soundness or . us to conceal the true income of the ' HARRY S. TRUMAN. efiiciency of our defense structure. President through the device of granting THE WHITE HOUSE,-February 2, 1951. To illustrate, there are the rather on top of his salary an additional allow­ shocking disclosures that the Quarter­ ance for which he need not account. . HON. LINDSAY C. WARREN mas~er General has been contracting I am informed by the Legislative Ref­ Mr: BONNER. Mr. Speaker, I ask to· purchase sucb items as butter, pota­ erence Service that the President's sal­ unammous consent to address the House toes, and cheese at current high prices ary of $100,000 plus his $90;000 tax-free for 1 minute and to revise and extend at the very time adequate inv.estigation expense account-he had a $40,000 ex- my remarks. 1951 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 887 The SPEAKER. ls there objection to vised procedures should enable tl:le GAb and This letter is for your own information the request of the gentleman from North the Government generally to do a more com­ and no reply is necessary. petent job. With best wishes, I am, Carolina? ' -While practically every agency of the Gov­ Sincerely yours, There was no · objection. ernment will ask for increased funds for LINDSAY WARREN, Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, I, as well 1952, the GAO will request less money than Comptroller General of the United &s all other Members of Congress, re­ was made available to us for 1951. States. ~eived a letter from the Comptroller ·A few statistics on· our work in the last General, the Honorable Lindsay C. War­ year: 25,300,000 vouchers audited; 492,000 [From the Greensboro (N. C.) Daily News . ren, giving a most startling account of claims settled; 318,000,200 checks reconciled; of February 1, 1951] 12,400 decisions rendered to departments, MERITORIOUS the economies practiced in the General agencies, claimants, and others; inspections Accounting Office. Mr. Warren, as one made of 945 different Government offices; Long and ardent· admire1 of Comptroller of the Nation's great administrators, 34 comprehensive audits submitted tp Con­ General Lindsay Warren, the Daily News was throws out a challenge to all other ad­ gress (for the first till)e since the Govern­ deeply pleasured from reading in the Ra­ ministrators. ment Corporation Control Act of 1945 audits leigh News and ObservP-r's Washington cor­ The people of the country are demand­ of Government corporations · were up to respondence, that Beaufort County's chief ing economy in the nondefense Govern­ date) ; 685 reports made to Congress and current. contribution to the State and Na­ its committees; and 3,500 replies made to in­ tion is forging straight ahead in his wen:. ment agencies as well as discretion in quiries from, individual Members of Con­ nigh single-handed campaign for cutting the Department of Defense. There are gress·. down waste in Washington expenditures. · many expenditures carrying grants and The GAO is one of the few agencies that 'From a wartime high employment of 15,000 aids to the States that the Appropria­ not only pays its way but in addition makes persons Mr. Comptroller Warren has reduced tions Committee could drastically reduce. a substantial contribution each year to the his own pay roll to 7,000. This sort of thing I hope such funds will be cut to the bone. Treasury. Collections from 1941 through has made him friends in Congress from which I have a particular reason to be very December 31, 1950, total $718,100,000. This he holds his office, it is said; we are confi­ money had been illegally or otherwise im­ dent it has also. made several Republican proud of Mr. Warren's accomplishments, properly paid out and it is a fair statement votes among those· whom. he has divested and the example he has set. to say that little of it would have ever been of the public teat. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent recovered except for the General Account­ 'But, as if this econoiny on his own prem­ that a copy of Mr. Warren's letter may ing Office. Collections are impressive, but ises were not enough, he has extended said be published at this point in the RECORD also important is the prevention 'of illegal premises to help others economize. He of­ together with an editorial which ap­ or improvident use of funds without waiting fers two. floors of the new building con­ to collect back what has .been paid out il­ structed to house his personnel to Stabilizer pe;:ired in the Greensboro Daily News of legally. Charles E. Wilson. This, we would insist, Greensboro, N. C. · The joint accounting program inaugurated is the final demonstration of cooperative en­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to in December 1947, by the Secretary of the deavor. When have you ever heard of a the request of the gentleman from Treasury, the Director, Bureau of the Budget, public official or department which had any North Carolina? and myself, is achieving remarkable success. working space voluntarily shared with any There was no objection. As a result of the program and of legislation other official department O".' agency? United States Navy, and has taxes without reducing their standard been so recognized since 1798. Whether the of living below what would be necessary Mr. THOMPSON of Texas. Mr. Marine Corps is ably represented on the Joint if defense sacrifices were _equitably , Speaker, as one of the authors of pro­ Chiefs of Staff by the Chief of Naval Opera­ shared. Our people are willing to de­ posed legislation pertaining to the siZe tions is really beside the point. fray the cost of defense on a pay-as­ of. the Marine Corps, I desire to invite the While recognizing the great abilities of Admiral Sherman and his fondness for the you-go basis in order to prevent destruc­ attention of- the House to an enlighten­ tion of our economy through inflation, ing letter from a Marine Corps officer Marine Corps, much more is involved than the matter of Marine Corps r~presentation but they insist, and.they have a right to which appears in this morning's Wash­ on the Joint Chief.s of Staff or the legal right insist, that we stop sending some to the ington Post. I hope that all Members of the corps to have such representation. It battle l~nes, and some to the bread lines, will study carefully all available infor- · is, in .spite of your opinion to the contrary, a while rewarding others with undeserved mation on.this very vital subject: matter of wha~ contribution the Comman­ dant can make to the deliberations of the financial security and opulence. The MA.RINE RUN Joint Chiefs of Staff. It certainly has noth­ job of saving America is a job for every­ Your editorial Marine Run of January 27, ing to do with the comparative size of the body, and when we consider starting to contains so many misconceptions that, in all Marine . Corps a.s the smallest of the four draft 18-year-old boys for almost. 3 fairness to the country and the corps, it services. years' service in the Army, we had better must not go unan3wered. If 58 bills to in­ F. B. NIHART, be certain that others, whether willingly crease the strength of the corps have been Lieutenant Colonel, United States or through compulsion, are required to introduced in Congress there must be some Marine Corps. contribute their share to the defense merit. to the changes they propose. QUANTICO, VA. Your charge, that by increasing the corps effort. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED the Army will be deprived of the men it I can very well remember the way needs, is obviously fallacious. Any increase Mr. HAYS of Ohio (at the request of many of us felt after long years in New in the corps of a couple of hundred thou­ Mr. BECKWORTH) was given permission Guinea, when we heard reports of great sand men is peanuts when compared with to address the House for 1 hour on Mon­ prosperity and free spending at home, the mass millions in the planned expansion day next, following the legislative pro­ mostly made possible by the building up of the Army and would not deprive it Of any of a national debt with which to saddle significant numbers. The size of the Marine gram and any special orders heretofore entered. us upon our return. We must not now Corps should be based on th.e contribution do .this to another generation of Amer­ it can make to national security. PRICE CONTROL Time and again the Marine Corps has icans. Those of us who are f ortuna.te demonstrated that it can provide more com­ Mr. YORTY. Mr. Speaker, I ask enough to remain at home must pay the bat power per individual and per taxpayer's unanimous consent to address the House bills and pay them now. This wm be dollar spent. Percentagewise it cost the tax­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend more difficult because of the necessity of payer about 20 percent mor.e to maintain a my remarks. paying interest on the debt for the last 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 889 war, but we should not compound the of the emergency-an·of- this must end, torial on the wage-price freeze order. felony by adding more debt onto the if we are to move forward; united and I would like to quote from that article: existing one. resolute, toward the better day that will The war with Korea began on June 25, Getting back to the question of prices, - only come if we are willing to equally 1950. I have today introduced a bill which share the necessary sacrifices to bring it Almost immediately, there was a demand would remove the prohibition which now about. When everyone feels that every­ for official action against inflation-another prevents control of food prices below the one else is doing his part, when we are way, in this instance, of saying shoddy pa;o parity level. Surely the patriotic indi­ not ashamed to reaffirm the ideals of our triotism and boundless greed. Almost immediately, too, there began the vidual farmers of the Nation are willing forefathers, when we raise our sights to feared upward spiral in prices of most com­ to accept _the same controls placed upon a high spiritual plane, with faith in God modities. everyone else in spite of "the attitude of and the laws governing the universe, As quickly as it could Congress gave the the farm lobby. The restrictions favor­ then only can we create the high resolve President the power to act by legislation ing the farmers, placed in the Defense · required during this critical period. We completed on August 31. "' "' "' Act of 1950, make it appear that farmers · desperately need inspiring leadership, The Government found itself paying expect special treatment and are not and the inspiration that comes from high sharply raised prices for its war-needed and other goods. willing to take their chances on controls ideals. We cannot def eat communism by The taxpaying consumer found the cost being fair, along with everyone else. I reducing ourselves to the ugly and sordid of articles already manufactured, and in do not believe that farmers wish to be level o.f animalistic materialism. . We can many instances already on the shelves await­ singled out for special treatment. They defeat it, and we will defeat it, by ing purchase, being marked up. are one of the most sound, hard-work­ proudly, . unselfishly, and confidently 'l:hese boosts were not made once, or on ing, and deserving groups in our Nation. moving forward together, united in de­ some regulated or justifiable scale, but We all want to assure them a fair share fense of our way of life. steadily and as often as the trade would of the national income, but in doing this allow. WAGE-PRICE FREEZE ORDER Further, the desire to get prices up to there is no necessity for the exception, a fantastically artificial level in order to supposedly for their benefit, written into Mr. LANTAFF. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House create a compromise area of high values in the Price Control Act. The farmers are which to negotiate once a price fix was not a selfish group, and they should not for 1 minute and to revise and extend ordered helped to achieve the sky-high priCe be made to appear selfish by the special my remarks. brackets. "' "' * treatment accorded them in the matter The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there · The order .by Price Dkector Michael V. of price control. · objection to the requ~st of the gentle­ Di Salle, announced last Friday·, essentially man from Florida? fixed prices at the high level which they had Some of the gentlemen who insist upon attained between December 19, 1950, and special governmental · assistance for There was no objection. Mr. LANTAFF. Mr. Speaker, during midnight of last Thursday. farmers are the same ones who brand That means at the xenith; at the point every attempt to help .other segments the last few days, I have received, from to which they had been driven by an the of the population as socialistic. Repub­ the citizens of the Fourth Congressional considerations of greed and of compromise- lican leaders almost never make a public District of Florida, numerous letters that area fiction. _ statement without emotionally denounc­ I believe are expressive of the views of , With one fell swoop; it sheared Congress, ing the administration for sponsoring the average workingman and housewife evidently, of any power to bring about re .. in America. negotiation of those contracts which the what they call socialistic schemes, but Government has had to make while the few Government-assistance programs· I know that the people in my district are willing to make whatever sacrifices cost rampage ran. are actually as directly socialistic as the In Key West last week, Senator BURNET farm price-support program of the Com­ are necessary to adequately prepare R. MAYBANK, of South Carolina, chairman of modity Credit Corporation. Yet the America to resist Communist aggression. the Banking and Currency Committee of the market manipulations of this agency are However, it is not fair to require one United States Senate, said he hoped to save not considered socialistic· by the Repub­ group of people to make sacrifices, and, and recover billions of dollars for the Gov­ at the same time, take action to insure ernment through such renegotiations. lican leaders who desire to hold the that another segment of our economy is But you cannot renegotiate when there farmers' vote. Incidentally, it might be guaranteed all of the principles of busi­ is no arbitrary lower, established price level a good idea to suspend some of the· at which to settle. wasteful activities of the Commodity ness as usual. The renegotiated contracts would have Credit Corporation for the duration of As I have said before on the floor of saved the taxpayers those billions of dollars the emergency. It is hard for people to this House, it is imperative for the Gov­ at a time when they are confronted with understand why one agency of Govern­ ernment to have the confidence of the the biggest budget in our peacetime history, people, if· we are to realize our maximum · the highest taxes they have ever been called ment is compelled to bid prices up, effort. We cannot possibly have that upon to bear, with Presidential warnings of thereby making purchases by consumers confidence, if the people are forced to even higher exactions; at a time, too, when and the Armed Forces more costly, while continue to pay highly inflated prices for the President is futilely seeking to inspire such agency, at the same time, actually or win them with phrases closely approxi­ destroys some of the food it purchases .. the necessities of life. The Eighty-first mating Winston Churchill's "blood, sweat, I want to emphasize that this financial · Congress authorized pric~ and wage and tears." It is a mockery. · manipulating by the Government, and controls, but I am sure it was not the The taxpayers must now supply the money intent of that body to freeze prices at to pay for the billions exacted in the arti· this entry of the Government into the the highest level they have reached since ficial spiraling of prices of articles and ma­ field of food finance is certainly just as June of 1950. As one of my constituents terials needed by the Government, and he socialistic as the programs the Republi­ has written me, we have put a ceiling on must supply it while himself paying highly cans denounce. How can they contend Cadillac automobiles so that they sell inflated prices for many of the things he that it is right for the Government to needs. help the farmer obtain high prices for · today for the same price they sold for And, if he be a wage earner, he must pro­ his products, but socialistic to set a mini­ in February 1950, but we have frozen the duce the money from dollars that have mum wage for workers, or to provide as­ necessities of life at their highest, in­ shrunken mightily in value and the num­ sistance for the blind, the aged, the dis­ flated levels. Another writes· me: ber of which have been frozen to him. For the decree approving prices at the abled, and needy children. If the Re­ On or about January' 22, 1951, I purchased a 1-pound can of sodium perborate manu­ high level of the December 19 to January publicans are so anxious to curtail the factured by Merck & Co., manufacturing 15 period :fixes his wages at the date of his so-called socialistic domestic expendi­ chemists, at a Miami drug store for 59 cents, last adjustment. tures in the interest of national defense, which is the price I have been paying for The price fix will evoke no criticism from why do they not also propose curtailment several years. Yesterday, January 29, I pur­ the uninhibited profiteer. of farm subsidies, price supports, and chased the same article, and paid the new By Government fiat, he has gotten his­ other costly farm programs. control freeze price of 98 cents; an increase more than he thought was coming to him­ It is evident to all that the cry of of 39 cents, or approximately 70 percent and now is assured that he will continue socialism, the malicious name calling, the over the former price. to get it. petty faultfinding, the fight for special On Monday, January 29, 1951, the On behalf of the people of the Fourth consideration, the scramble for high Miami Herald, a prominent newspaper Congressional District of Florida, I ap­ profits, the willingness to take advantage in my district, published a pertinent edi- peal to Price Director Michael V. Di 890 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2

Salle to reconsider the recent freeze His Chuc~ship was apologetic as he beer posters. Those who are sa.tisfied to take his word over that of the loyal, decent civil order, and roll prices back to the pre­ turned to his followers and said: "I'm servants of the United States Weather Bu­ Korea level, in order that the housewives sorry, fellow. I couldn't forecast an reau are victims of one of the most out­ of America will not have to deny their early spring. The Lord knows you de­ rageous propaganda hoaxes ever perpetrated. families the necessities of life. serve it after all this severe weather and So our advice is to snub him; for if you don't THE LOWLY GROUND HOG recent price and wage freeze. But it he will certainly snub you. He won't even just was not in the books for an early know or care whether it's clear or cloudy Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask spring.'' today. He will be sound asleep in the cozy unanimous consent to address the House And as he ambled off into the woods little den or the swank little zoo cage for for 1 minute and to revise and extend my he turned and said, "As for that edito­ which in either case he pays no rent while remarks and include a newspaper edi­ you and we are out in the weather trying to rial in the morning paper entitled 'Ex­ scratch together one honest dollar for our­ torial. pose,' ordinarily I would not dignify it selves and another for the collector of inter­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there with a reply, and all I can say is puf, nal revenue. objection to the request of the gentleman pooh-pooh, and phewie." COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS from Pennsylvania? [From the Washington Post of February 2, There was no objection. 1951] Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Speaker, I am Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ pleased to announce to the House that EXPOSE This, as no doubt you have been reminded dress the House for 1 minute and to re­ the Punxsutawney ground hog took the in other quarters, is ground hog day, one vise and extend my remarks. ''freeze" spotlight from the Government of the more notable festivals of American The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there today by forecasting six more weeks of journalism; but the best advice we can give objection to the request of the gentle­ winter weather. you is to ignore the whole business. If, how­ woman from Massachusetts? Precisely at 8: 41 a. m. today the seer ever, you feel that you must celebrate some­ There was no objection. of seers cast a shadow as black as the thing, why celebrate the nine hundred and Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. world's outlook for peace and then an­ ninety-eighth anniversary of the coronation Speaker, may I respectfully call to the of the Holy Roman Emperor Otho I or the nounced to his millions of anxious fol­ memory of the great composer Giovanni attention of the Committee on Armed lowers that the severe winter weather Palestrina who died 365 years ago. (This Services that in meetings such as the one would continue until mid-March. date has other and even better-known asso­ arranged by the committee to hear Gen­ The forecast was made before loyal ciations which, out of deference to the sensi­ eral Eisenhower in executive session, the followers of His Chuckship who gathered· bilities of certain readers, we forbear to men­ Committee on Veterans' Affairs also has at the Weather Works on Gobbler's Knob· tion; though doubtless they could be ascer­ a deep interest. Our· committee would for the momentous occasion. Heading tained by discreet inquiry or by a little re­ greatly appreciate the chance to have all the contingent of officials from the search in a good reference library.) the information possible to help it in its But as for the ground hog, we regret to Punxsutawney Ground Hog Club who inform you that trained investigators have work. We would appreciate very greatly gathered at the weather capital for the been working on his case for some time. The an invitation to join with the Committee 1 famous seer's appearance was Dr. F. A. accumulating evidence in their files indicates on Armed Services or any of the other Lorenzo, club president, who was the that he is not to be trusted at all. In the committees when there are to be meet­ only one permitted to interview the great first place he has been operating all these ings which would be helpful to the mem­ weather prophet. years under an assumed name. His real bers of our committee. Our committee Immediately after casting the shadow name is woodchuck, although he has been has the care of the men and women who . called contemptuously marmot by the Euro­ that portends six more weeks of winter peans (which shows you how they talk about serve the country. We have the care of weather, the groundhog exclaimed: "If Americans behind their backs) and Marmota the men and women who pay the great- · you think the Government's freeze on monax by snobbish Latinists. Secondly, it. est price--the men and women who are wages and prices is something, wait till has been discovered that, notwithstanding the casualties of war. I believe it would you see the t:reeze you're in for from the the lying hypothesis foisted upon generations be a great comfort and satisfaction to weather. You'll have cold, snow, rain, of innocent American school children, he never chucked so much as a twig in all his the veterans·and future veterans to know ice, slush, and wind-everything that that their committee was invit(4tl by other goes to make up 6 weeks of th3 darndest life, or ever lifted a paw in any kind of useful weather you've ever seeri." ' labor. He prefers, like all his worthless kind, committees to listen to testimony which to live at the expense of the hard-pressed might help us to understand the great After the chuck's shadow had been American taxpayers, either in luxurious zo­ recorded by official shadowgraphers of ological gardens or in the wild state by de­ problems involved in their care and help. the Punxsutawney Ground Hog Club, the vouring grains and vegetables that honest Yesterday we were tremendously im­ ground hog was asked if there were any and hard-working American farmers are pressed with the excellent and inspiring thing in particular he wanted to get off subsidized for raising. To put it bluntly the report of General Eisenhower on the his chest. He paused momentarily and ground hog is cadger, a dead beat, a bum; situation relating to the free nations of then launched into a tirade against the and if he doesn't relish being called such names, let him sue us for libel and we will the world. We know the meaning of his National Geographic Society and the prove what we say up to the hilt in any sincerity, courage and positiveness. He report that it has moved to discredit him unprejudiced court. has undertaken the most difficult job as king of the world's weather prophets. The first thing we shall do is to have our ever given any soldier. He is equal to "Why, I was forecasting the weather­ attorneys subpena the files of the National his responsibility. The free world has and accurately-before some of those Geographic SOciety. The Geographic So­ ciety, it may interest you to know, has had complete confidence in him. I do not boys were out of knee pants. Their sci­ believe there is anyone, anywhere, who entific explorations are all right, I guess, its operatives at work looking into the shady history of this woodchuck, alias mar­ can successfully do the great work that but they had better stick to their geog­ mot, alias ground hog. These files support is ahead other than General Eisenhower. _ raphy and leave this business of fore­ everything we have said about the various I trust, and believe he will have the com­ casting the weather to an experienced sinister rackets with which he has been head who haa been giving out the right · identified, the vast sums he has cost the plete cooperation and support of the dope for more than 50 years." taxpayers and his scandalous neglect of his Congress. To win out, and we can win The seer of seers then launched into family responsibllitles. The Georgaphic So­ out, we must work together, all of the a castigation of his mortal enemy, the ciety is known all over the world for the nations of the free world behind the scholarly objectivity and restraint of its re­ brilliant and confident leadership of this Quarryville polecat, and all other pre­ ports; but here is the sort of terms it uses tenders, opportunists, interlopers, · and to describe the character of this woodchuck­ top soldier-statesman of the century. I nature fakers of a low degree that live marmot-ground hog: "A phony prophet know our prayers and good wishes go in reflected glory' and who are wont to • • * a menace to America's food sup­ with him as he marshals the forces of intrude on the sacred tradition of the ply." Brothers, let us tell you that when the the free world together. Geographic Society finds its necessary to use Punxsutawney ground hog. REPUBLICAN CAMPAIGN FUND "Why, that squeal pig in Quarryville is language like that, it is time for freedom­ even using a Geiger counter to help loving, law-abiding American.s to wake up. Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I ask 1 Happily, this woodchuck fellow is as ig­ him," he asserted. "And, even then, norant as he is vicious. He wouldn't know unanimous consent to address the House he'll filch my forecast by means of a an isotherm from an isobar, or chile-mac for 1 minute and to revise and extend my telegraph spy system," he said. from chile-con, or barometric pressures from remarks and include two letters. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 891 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there · WILLIAM H. AYRES bipartisan Presidential commission to in­ objection to the request of the gentleman Mr. JENKINS. Mr. ·speaker, Lask vestl_gate American occupation po!icies from Illinois? unanimous consent to address the House i~ Germany. I do this because of the There was no objection. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my sharp conflict · between the views ex­ Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, the remarks. · pressed by General Eisenhower as to the friendship that I show to my Republican The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is ther.e Germans and the actions of High Com­ friends from time to time and the advice objection to the request of the gentleman missioner Mc Cloy who yesterday felt, in I give them was probably responsible for from Ohio? · · reducing and · commuting many sen­ the receipt by me several days ago of a There was no objection. tences of war criminals, including, I em­ letter from the Illinois Republican State Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, now phasize, those involved in the Malmedy Central Committee, signed by Mr. Camp­ that we have done everything to the massacre of American soldiers, that woo­ bell, its chairman, in which he pleaded ground hog except fumigate him, and the ing the Germans was the right policy to · for a contribution to their magnificent gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SABATH] pursue. souvenir program. He offered me a 50 has all but helped the Republican ad­ This is what General Eisenhower told percent reduced rate-the only reduction ministration along financially, let us the Congress yesterday about our occu­ available to any group. recur to the regular routine of legislative pation policy in Western Germany: In my reply to Mr. Campbeli I stated . procedure and let me say something nice · I am not even going to mentim:.1 my several briefly why it was impossible for me to about a real man. About one of my col­ conversations in Germany, and for a very leagues, the gentleman from Ohio, Mr. · specific reason. I personally think that there contribute. I can fully understand their has to be a political platform achi.i:ived, an need for all the funds they can collect, WILLIAM H. AYRES, who is one of the new understanding that will contemplate an but unfortunately I was in no position to Members of Congress of whom we are all eventual and an earned equality on the part be of help to them. My heart and con­ proud. of that nation before we should start to talk Mr. AYRES has just recently been.given about including units of Germans in any science would not permit me to make a· very '1istinguished honor in his home kind of army. Certainly I, for one com­ such a contribution to the Republican community and by his home people. mander, want no unwilling contingents, no Party. Mr. AYRES lives in Akron, Ohio, which is soldier serving in the pattern of the Hes­ The letter from Mr. Campbeil and my no mean city; it is the rubber capital of sians, serving in our Revolutionary War,. in reply are as follows: any army of my command. It would only .the world. Mr. AYRES has been recog­ be a source of weakness. Therefore, until the ILLINOIS REPUBLICAN STATE nized as the outstanding young man of political leaders, the diplomats, and the CENTRAL COMMITTEE, the year in that community. Ohio has · statesmen find proper answer to that one, it Chicago, Ill., January 24, 1951. produc.ed a great many political leaders, is not for a soldier to delve in too deeply. DEAR MR. SABATH: Plans for our fifty-fifth but one of our greatest political leaders, annual Lincoln Day dinner are progressing On the same day we read the news that · splendidly and all indications point to the Senator Charles-Dick; once said that· one High Commissioner McCloy has granted most successful event of this type we have of the finest guaranties of successful or there .has been granted within his ever staged. Tickets are going more swiftly public life is that one much be popular than in any previous year and Senator TAFT'S at home. Mr. AYRES has achieved that jurisdiction; commutations, reductions in announced desire to use our platform for distinction for the Junior Chamber of sentence, and the discharge of German an address. of major importance_ promises Commerce of Akron has selected him as war criminals convicted and sentenced to bring our program into millions of homes the outstanding young man of the year. by the Nuremburg courts and other via radio network. To quote the Akron Beacon Journal, one United States courts in Germany, includ­ We are, however, disappointed at having of Ohio's leading newspapers, they say ing Krupp, who laid the industrial base had no assurance from you that your county for German aggression and the remain­ will be represented in our magnificent sou­ among many other complimentary things that- ing criminals in the Malmeciy massacre, venir program. In order to encourage par­ whose sentence was commuted to life im­ ticipation we offered your county organi­ A man who lifted himself by his own boot­ zation a 50-percent reduced rate, the only straps was hailed as Akron's outstanding prisonment. This was done on the advice reduct ion available to any group. A num­ young man of the year for 1950. of a distinguished board of advisers: and ber of counties have already taken their is one of a series of actions under the space, but we must have complete support Further quoting, they say, "We choose High Commissioner's power of executive from our county chairmen so that by dead­ him because he is representative of the clemency as our proconsul in Germany. line date, February 3, our roll call will show successful small-business man" and be­ The New York Times comments edi­ all present. cause "he is willing to work." torially today on this decision of High Time is short. Please let us have your Mr. VORYS. Mr. Speaker, will the Commissioner Mccloy under the head­ space contract, check, and copy by return gentleman yield? ing "Compromise at Frankfurt," as mail. With best wishes, I am, Mr. JENKINS. I yield to the gentle­ follows: Cordially yours, man from Ohio, because I know that he There is politics--or, if one likes, diplo­ CARLOS W. CAMPBELL, and all the other Ohio Members are glad macy-in these decisions. Chairman. for the distinction that has come to a capable and succ.essful young man. I think that the family of every United JANUARY 29, 1951. Mr. VORYS. I wish to join in extend­ States soldier who died fighting Hitler's Mr. CARLOS W. CAMPBELL, ing congratulations to Mr. AYRES. Nazi legions, the family of every soldier who was a victim of the Malmedy mas­ Chairman, Illinois Republican State Cen­ SPECIAL ORDER GR·ANTED tral Committee, Chicago, Ill. sacre, the families of the millions who DEAR MR. CAMPBELL: I am in receipt of Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN asked died in concentration and extermination your form letter of January 24 stating that and was given permission to address the camps under the Nazis have a right to you h ad not heard from me as yet, indicating House for 30 minutes on Thursday next, ask whether this represents appease­ your disappointment at my negligence in ment, German style, or normal justice, . failing to contribute to your magnificent following the legislative program and souvenir program. · any special orders heretofore entered. American style. This is especially true As a lifelong admirer of the great Abraham AMERICAN OCCUPATION POLICIES IN as this decision comes from Frankfurt Lincoln and his espousal of the cause of GERMANY-EISENHOWER AND Mc. the day after the great victory for moral­ the common man, my recollection is that he CLOY ity in international affairs in the con­ defeated the Whigs, the Tories, and the demnation-under United states leader­ reactionaries in 1860. The fact is that at Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, I ask ship-by the great majority of the na­ heart he was a Democrat, and were he alive unanimous consent to address the House tions in the General Assembly of the today he would still be a Democrat and a for 1 minute and to revise and extend United Nations, of Communist China as leader in the fight against the reactionary my remarks. · an aggressor in Korea, all those who Republican Party policies. .The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there I am sure you will understand why I can• counseled appeasement and delay to the not participate in, or give any assistance to, Qbjection to the request of the gentleman contrary notwithstanding. It is also an the present Republican Party's activities be­ from New York? · appropriate time to emphasize that the cause they are so far removed from the prin­ There was no objection. Russians i;i,re steeped in the immorality of ciples laid down by Abraham Lincoln. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, I am today traffic With former Nazi leaders and have Sincerely yours. introducing a resolution calling !o.r a. employed them openly and -brazenly in 892 CON_G-RESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY z, organizing the East German army­ especially to- the British and French in In addition, its- musical, educationa1, thinly disguised · as a· police force-and· an effort to intimidate them-to the and informational . broadcasts are out­ in other tasks behind the iron curtain. suggestion that German military con­ standing. Without derogating or re­ At least, Mr.-McCloy's decision has pro- · tingents be incorporated in the NATO flecting in any.way on any of the other ceeded in the fundam.ental and moral forces would be calculated almost alone fine. radio stations in our State, both assumption that vast and grave crimes to motivate the normal citizen of the commercial and educational, I pay trib­ have been committed and that punish- · United States ill favor of it. ute to the service rendered by the radio ment i_s due. . But General Eisenhower's calm ap­ broadcasting service of WOI at Iowa General Eisenhower has · struck the praisal that we do not want German con­ State College, A.mes. note of realism which was missing up tingents as unwilling allies has also high The television broadcasting of this to now in all our considerations about · lighted a fundamental difference in ap• station is relatively new. But from all making Western Germany an integral proach. This difference is between con­ reports it is developing in a inanner part of Western Europe's reconstruction cessions and appeasement in Western . creditable to the college and the people and unified defense against the · Soviet Germany which appear to be producing of Iowa. Since it is now the only televi­ Communist bloc.- We do not want un­ little result either in the rehabilitation sion broadcasting service in central Iowa, willing allies, he implies, for the· very of the German democratic spirit or ·in all the television for the middle part hard reason that they are undependable firming up the will of the people in West of that State comes from WOI-TV. and likely w prove ineffective. The Germany to join with the other people of · Fortunately, through the energy and fundamental problem with Western Ger­ Western Europe in the defense of their _ foresight of the college administration, many, therefore, is to win. a willing and liberties and putting the Germans on the license for television was applied for, co'lperative ally. and a dependable ally , · their mettle and reciprocating with con- . granted, and _the station erected before for Western Europe, for us and for t~e , cessions when they have been earned the Communications Commission dis­ cause of freedom everywhere. This and deserved. This fundamental differ­ continued the issuance of. further li- cannot be done by appeasement and that ence of view demands, it is my ~onvic­ censes for TV. · is what raises the grave question about tion, a revival of the proposal there Iowa State College is thus an experi­ the High Commissioner's pc;>licy in gen­ should be an investigation of our whole mental and proving ground for the use - eral quite apart from and without" going occupation policy in West Germany by and effectiveness of television as an edu­ into the details of the disposition of each a Presidential bipartisan commission cational medium. I sincerely hope and particular one of the war criminal cases . . with a full disclosure of the facts and expect that WOI-TV will show to the For we must . answer the question the results achieved and that kind of Communications Commission and to the whether our wooing of ·. th.e Germans, airing of the situation which has always public generally that a portion of the relaxing rapidly the :restrictions of the proved so useful in crystallizing United wave band for television should be allo;.. occupation statute, tl~e vast money and . States public opinion and in determinf.ng cated for educational purposes. material support to maintain German United States action. For this purpose SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED living standards at a tolerable minimum I am introducing today a resolution for Mr. CRAWFORD asked and was given basis, enhancing their . prestige by let­ the appointment of such a commission. permission to address the House for ·20 ting the Bonn Government open con­ TELEVISION FOR EDUCATIONAL minutes on Monday next, f oUowing the sulates and establish direct diplomatic PURPOSES legi~lative program a:nd any special or­ relations with other nations and now Mr. DOLLIVER. Mr. Speaker, I ask . ders heretofore entered. leniency to the war criminal~. has been unanimous consent to address the House PAY-OF GI'S SHOULD BE TAX-EXEMPT e:trective. The reaction to this policy has 1 been, I do not doubt, factually and with­ for 1 minute. Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. out any desire to evaluate, nevertheless The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ expertly stated by General Eisenhower. objection to the request of the gentle­ dress the House for 1 minute. The Germans, in his judgment, still re­ man from Iowa? The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there - main outside the class of willing allies There was no objection. objection to the request of the gentleman in the struggle for freedom. Mr. DOLLivER. Mr. Speaker, today I from ·New York? This must be contrasted with the have introduced a joint resolution in the There was no objection. course of our occupation policy culmi­ House directing and authorizing the Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. nating 1n decisions on the war criminals Federal Communications Commission to Speaker, we just heard a long treatise which certainly have the capability of investigate the possibility of allocating and report on the part of the President being very disillusioning to the tens of certain television wave lengths for edu­ of the United States, and we heard a millions in Western Europe who suf­ cational purposes. This same resolution great many ·recommendations as to the fered the tyranny, executions, and po­ was introduced yesterday in the Senate tax program. lice action of Nazi occupation and whom by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. BRICKER]. I agree with Mr. Truman that we ought we count on now to be our allies in I believe the matter shoulcl be brought to tax the higher bracket incomes. The fighting communism. We should also to the attention of this House also, as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces ask ourselves the question whether it well as the other body. of the United States enjoys a consider­ does not have the capability to make I should like to add that the only edu­ able tax-free salary. The boys in Korea the West Germans themselves cynical cational television station now in oper­ are going to have a difficult time this and embolden further the former Nazi ation in the United States is the one at year as they lay in their foxholes in the elements, who alrea~y have a tradition Iowa State Colleg.e, at Ames. subzero hills of Korea, scraping up established in 1939 of combining with The authorities of that illstitution enough dollars to pay taxes. They are the Communists against the free peoples, some months ago saw the educational going to have a difficult time to scrawl while discouraging and setting back the possibilities in the utilization of tele­ their names on their income-tax returns. positlon of the democratic and liberal · vision for educational purposes and they Today I am introducing a bill entitled elements in Western Germany. secured a license and have erected a sta­ "To make all GI salaries tax-free, ex­ Yet Western G~rmany has. the poten­ tion there, I might say, without any di­ cluding commissioned officers. Be it tial for playing a vital, perhaps even a rect tax expense to Iowa. For a good enacted that all salaries of the enlisted determinative, part in the defense of many years the radio station operated personnel of the Armed Forces of the freedom in Europe. For one, there is by Iowa State College, WOI, has ren­ United States shall be tax-free." her· geographical location; for another, · dered splendid service to the great Mid­ What is fair for the Commander in her own div:i'sion between a democratic west, especially to the farm people. Chief is fair for the buck privates. West Germany and a Communist East Operating through amplitude modula­ If the Commander in Chief can enjoy Germany. The Germans are a people tion and frequency modulation in day­ the tax-free privilege, then the rank and who know the military art and have the light hours, and by frequency modula­ file of GI's should enjoy the same privi­ greatest industrial capability in Europe-­ tion only at night, WO! has given its lege. a capacity of almost half the steel pro- listeners news coverage and farm mar­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The . duction, for instance. The very violence ket coverage not equaled by any other time of the gentleman from New York of the reaction of the Soviet-expressed radio station that I know about. has expired. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HQUSE 893 WILL THE FCC PROHIBIT THE FREE This conclusion of the hearing exam. I contend that the FCC has no right EXERCISE OF RELIGION? iner was preceded by the follo.wing state- whatsoever to deny this license. On the Mr. KERSTEN . of Wisconsin. Mr. ment: contrary, it has a definite duty to grant Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad• The hearing examiner has carefully con­ this license, and I further contend that dress the House for 1 minute and revise sidered the constitutional principles herein the FCC, if it denies this license, is act­ and extend my remarks and include discussed in relation to the applicant's pro- ing in violation of the first amendment. posed program service and the purposes therein an article. which the broadcasts are intended to serve. Part of the first amendment prescribes The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there They are inseparable. He concludes that the that Congress shall make no law pro­ objection to the request of the gentleman commi ~ sion has not been, and could not be, hibiting the free exercise of religion. from Wisconsin? empowered to find that the public interest or What greater violation of this amend­ There was no objection. convenience or necessity would be served by ment by Congress could there be if Con­ Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin. Mr. licensing this applicant to use the proposed gress so created the FCC, that it would Speaker, how many here know that it broadcast facilities to foster its religious ob­ have the power to deny a radio station may soon be ·impossible for any church jectives. This constitutional limit is no less to a church or religious group solely be­ compelling even though the public interest or religious group to obtain a license to concepts of the applicant may wholly coin- cause it was a church or religious group? operate a radio station in the United cide with ours and might be wholly adhered The free exercise of religion neces.:. States? This will happen if the FCC to in a diversified program structure of bal­ sarily implies a free right to propagate does not act before February 6 to reverse ance and impartiality. • • • The hearing and teach that religion. Christ him­ a recent decision of one of its hearing examiner is convinced that this Commission self admonished his apostles "go ye examiners. may not and should not license, and there- therefore and teach all nations." · A re­ on December 29, 1950, Examiner J. D. after necessarily regulate as required by ligion by its very nature impels its fol­ Bond declared that the Mormon Church law, the applicant reorganized church to lowers to spread its gospel to others.· construct and operate the station as pro­ could not be given a license to operate posed because an intended use thereof- In upholding this right to teach, our a noncommercial radio station because be it even a small portion of the entire pur­ Supreme Court has protected the right of the first amendment of the United pose-is to further the religious interests of of various creeds to preach on the streets States Constitution, which provides: the applicant. and to distribute its literature-Murdock Congress shall make no law respecting an I have faith and confidence that the v. Pennsylvania (319 U. S. 105, 109) _; establishment of religion or prohibiting the FCC will not abide by this illogical deci­ Martin v. Struthers (319 U. S. -141) ; free ex·ercise thereof. sion of its hearing examiner but will Jamison v. Texas (318 U.S. 413); Marsh v. Alabama (326 U. S. 501); Tucker v. It is my contention that in this in- take action to reverse it before the Feb­ Texas (326 U. S. 517). The Court in stance the FCC would violate the first ruary 6 deadline. However, I wish to these cases has recognized this right to :amendment not if it granted, tP,e license, point out the type of dangerous thinking preach in the streets to be of "the saine but rather if it failed to grant the license. that appears to be infesting more and high estate under the first amendment It would be an obstruction of the free more of our bureaucratic administrators. as worship in the churches and preach.:. exercise of religion to deny a license An unexpressed but totally false prem­ ing from the pulpits." solely because the applicant is a religious ise of the hearing examiner in this case ·organization. This authoritarian abuse is the concept that the Federal Govern­ In this age of mechanical and scien­ of discretion is a result of the false total- ment is the complete and sole proprie­ tific advance, the radio is an ordinary and normal means of projection of one's itarian belief that the Federal Govern- tary owner of all the air waves. That ideas and thoughts. To a large extent ment is the complete and sole proprietary the Federal Government owns the air it has replaced the street preaching of owner of all the airwaves, and not merely waves and can dispense them to whom­ old. What would be freedom of the a regulator of their us~. ever it sees fit. This is an authoritarian press without a pen or a pencil, or in . The Reorganized Church of Jesus and totalitarian idea which is foreign to this day and age, without a printing Christ of Latter-day Saints, the legal our history. press? What then, too, is the right of name for the Mormon Church, applied Naturally, it ic true that the air waves freedom of religion or freedom of speech for a permit almost 2 years ago .. In the must be subject to Federal regulation without a radio channel? initial decision rendered by hearmg ex- a,nd that they are affected with a public Further error in the examiner's de­ aminer J. D. Bond, on December 29, 1950, interest, as indeed is all property. And . cision lies in the fact that he assumes Mr. Bond found that this Mormon -in the case of radio waves, Federal reg­ that the mere licensing of a radio sta:­ Church was financially and technically ulation is an absolute necessity because tion is "a law." A law, as we lawmakers qualified to operate a radio station. He of the fact that the unregulated use of should know, is a broad rule of action found that the church, except for the the air waves would result in a hope­ to govern society, not a specific license. fact that 1 of its 18 officers was an alien, less jumble of sound which would bene­ If the FCC issues a license to a church was legally qualified to operate a station. fit neither the broadcasters nor the lis­ or religious body for a radio station, can And in the case of this one alien he did teners. But regulation by the Govern­ that be construed to mean that Congress not deem this a sufficient deficiency to ment does not mean complete control. thereby is making a law respecting an warrant a denial of the church's applica- As the terms of the law creating the establishment of religion? tion. Mr. Bond found that the proposed Federal communications Commission The act of issuing a permit to con­ radio programs would serve the public indicate, the primary purpose of regu- struct and operate a radio station is a interest, convenience, and necessity. lation of radio stations is to see that mere license. To extend this erroneous He found that- those who are licensed to operate, serve application of the FCC examiner to The program service proposed by the re- the public interest, convenience,· and other regulatory bodies would appar­ organized church as typified by its program necessity. As long as the public inter­ ently mean that no church could get a schedule exhibit and the testimony of its est, convenience, and necessity is served, witnesses evidences an analytical recogni- the FCC has no right to deny a license building permit from any city or State tion of and a plan to fulfill, the diverse t f uch to construct a church. It would mean radio b~oadcast needs of the community's to an applican • un1 ess, o course, s that no religious group could get an l a granting would cause hopeless radio religious, civic, charitable, governmenta ' ag- i"nterference w1'th other stations already automobile license to operate a motor ricultural, labor, and industrial interests,. vehicle . . • • • we therefore conclude that its pro- operating. In this present case of the Jlosed programs in these respe?ts would Mormons, it must be remembered the Extending the equal protection of the serve the public interest, convemence, and . examiner had already determined that laws to a religious group by issuing to necessity. the public interest, convenience, and them a license upon the same terms. as it But, Mr. Bond further found "because necessity would be served by this sta­ would be issued to any other applicant, the Constitution so requires, the reor- tion and that there would be no inter­ can by no means be construed as estab­ ganized church application should be terence with other operating stations, lishment of religion. Further evidence of denied, even though it might be other- ·and yet the examiner denied the license what our founding fathers meant by es­ wise legally qualified to hold a broad- because he believed that to grant it tablishment of religion can be found by cast station license." would violate the first amendment. consulting the Annals of Congress. 894 CONGRESSIONAL REC-ORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 It is interesting to note therein .that is no more to be used so as to handicap these was "Whether· the Commission may, Representative Huntington of Connecti­ ·religions than it is to favor them. consistently with the provisions of the first amendment to the Constitution of the cut feared that the words of the amend­ How in the light of the above decision, United States, establish a specific category ment might be taken in such· latitude as -which the hearing examiner contends of rellgious broadcast stations." Shad::is of to be extremely hurtful to the cause of supports his position, can it be concluded Vashti McCollum. religion. That "others might find it con­ that this decision not to grant a radio It was pointed out at the time that if the venient to put another construction upon license to the FCC does not handicap first amendment were held a bar to rwerving it." To assure Huntington that such religion? This whole dispute can be a band of .frequencies to religious licensees, was not the intent of the amendment, brought down to one simple requirement it must by the same logic be a bar to reser­ James Madison suggested that the word of justice, fair play. vation of a single frequency to a religious licem:ee; and that if it were considered a "national" be inserted before religion­ In connection herewith I wish to in­ breach of separation of church and state volume 1, Annals of Congress, pages 730, .elude an excellent article by Edward J. to permit full-time religious broadcasting on 731. . Heffron, director of community relations ·aovernment-controlled radio frequencies, it . Certainly, it is unfortunate that our for the firm of Johnson & J'Ohnson, which could be held that part-time religious broad­ founding fathers did not add the word appeared in America, a leading Catholic casting was likewise unconstitutional. In "national." They saw no necessity to ·periodical, on February 3, 1951: other words, if FCC held contra on the afore­ mentioned issue stipulated in the Southern add :1. t for the~ could not believe, as Hun­ THREAT TO RELIGIOUS BROADCASTING tington feared, that someone like the Baptist case, all religious radio stations, and (By Edward J. Heffron) indeed all reJ:igious broadcasts, would be in present FCC examiner would make such The fat-of "separation of church and danger of being held unconstitutional. a distorted interpretation of this amend- ·state," I mean-is in the fire again. This The Commission had not yet decided this ment. . time it is no.t religious education, however, issue when J. D. Bond handed . up his initial Remember, the license was not denied but religious broadcasting tha:t faces a roast­ decision re the reorganized Mormons on in this instance because the examiner ing in the oven of the first amendment. Let December 9, 1949. Mr. Bond held that "the thought that the public would not be in­ me spell out what has been happening. application of the reorganized church terested in hearing the programs to be On February 6, 1947, a group that ls known * * • is wholly in compliance with the put on by the Mormons. The proposed as the Kansas City Broadcasting Co., headed Commission's rules and standards of by the Reverend Wendell Zimmerman, pastor good engineering practice. • This station planned its program to be divided of the Kansas City Baptist Temple, filed an applicant • .• • possesses the legal as follows: application with the Federal CommunicatiC>ns qualifications requisite to the assumption Percent Commission for a license to operate a stand­ and performance of the duties of a broad­ Entertainment------.62. 8. ard radio station in Kansas City, Mo. On cast station licensee. • • • the appli­ Religious------13. 9 March 3, 1949, the Reorganized Church of cant is financially qualified • • • its Agricultural ------3. 6 Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints applied for proposed programs • • • would serve Educational ------~------3. 7 a license to operate a station on the same the public interest, · convenience, and ne­ Discussions------1. 2 frequency, only 7% miles away, in Inde­ cessity.'' News------·4. 8 pendence, Mo. Since the applications were But, said · Mr. Bond: "It is suggested Talks------10.0 oontlicting, they were consolidated for pur- . • • • that a favorable consideration of The Commissioner found that these poses of consideration by FCC. · the application • • • would result in a programs would be in the public interest. By the Communications Act of 1934 Con­ grant of these 'facilities to an organized mi· gress reserved the· control of all radio and ' nority religious group in aid of their church Some of you might conclude that this television channels to the Federal Gover·n­ objectives. • • • We are thus confront­ station would be even more in the public ment. This act prc>vlded for the creation of ed with a serious obstacle to favorable action interest than most since it was t.o be the Federal Communications Commission to upon the independence proposal • • • · operated on a nonprofit basis, without exercise such control. It specified that the because of that provision of the first amend­ the constant .clamor of singing commer­ Commission might grant or renew broad­ ment to the Constitution of the United cials. But in any event the listener casting licenses only for limited periods of States which directs that, 'Congress shall should still be the final determinant. If time-now 3 years-and only to those who make no law respecting an establishment of he does not like the program, he · can undertake to serve "the public interest, con- religion, or prohibiting the free exercise still swing the dial. · venience, or necessity." thereof.'" An applicant for a broadcasting license is Referring then to the pending i~sue in the Strangely enough, to support his posi­ entitled to a hearing. He is usually heard by Southern Baptist case, Mr: Bond declared: tion, the FCC examiner quoted the Su".' an FCC hearing examiner, who then hands "We, therefore, conclude that, although preme Court in the Everson case, as stat­ an initial decision up to the Commission. the proposal of the Reorganized Church is ing that James Madison eloquently ar­ This the Commission may reject, remand, or 1ri all other .respects acceptable, its applica­ gued that a true religion did not need affirm; except that if nothing is done about tion :must be denied at this time because of the support of law. it-if the Comm,ission does not take contrary . the presently undetermined applicability of The long litany of martyrs throughout ·action and if no ·objection is entered-the the first amendment to ·licensing radio sta­ initial decision becomes the final and official tions for religious purposes." history bears witness to the truth of . decision of FCC 40 days from the time of 1 On December 30, 1949, the Southern Bap­ James Madison s statement. But does public notice. tists amende'tl their petition. Instead of that justify the persecutions? Certainly An initial decision was first handed up in asking for a reservation for "religious organ- Madison in making this statement was this consolidated case on December 9, 1949. . izations" it now sought the reservation for not trying to justify the state in ob­ Hearing Examiner J. D. Bond ruled agaipst "all recognized nonprofit organizations, in­ structing. the practice of religion. the Kansas City Broadcasting Co.-originaJ­ cluding charitable, civic, fraternal, and oth~r In the present instance the Mormons ly a partnership, later incorporated-on tb,e such organizations in addition to religious ground that the officers and directors were groups.'' This seemed to take the Commis­ are not asking for the ~upport of law. not possessed._ Of an understanding Of busi­ sion off the hook as far as the constitutional They are merely asking that they should ness . and account!ng practices sufficient to issue was concerned. be treated equally in the law; that they enable them to operate a radio station in the As a consequence of this amendment of should not be discriminated against and pt:blic interest. · · -the Southern Baptist petition, FCC remand­ obstructed in the free exercise of their This left the application of the reorgan­ ed the Reorganized Mormon case to Hearing religion; and most particularly here, ized Mormons to be disposed· of. To under­ Examiner Bond, instructing him to write that our Government itself does not vio­ stand Mr. Bond's startling conclusions in another initial decision. The Commission late the first amendment by-prohibiting their respect, we need to know one or two stipulated certain issues-whether the Reor- their free exercise of religion. . facts about a third case then pending (and . ganized· Mormons were citizens within the still unresolved) .before FCC. · meaning of the Communications Act, wheth­ I make no brief here for the Court's On February 23, 1949, the radio commis­ er their program undertakings promised to arguments in the Everson case-Ever­ sion of the Southern Baptist convention and subserve the public interest, etc.-but noth­ son v. Board of Education (330 U. S. 1 the executive board of the Baptist general ing about the constitutionality of their <1946)). The Court in that case did not convention of Texas filed a petition with . request . . - take a very sympathetic view toward ·FCC . . This petition asked FCC to amend its Bond entertained some amended plead­ religion. But even so in that ·case t)le rules, which reserved a certain band of FM ings, heard some additional testimony, ttnd Court said that the first amendment re­ frequencies for educational statioµ.s, in order finally handed up a new initial decision on to· permit religious organizations to share -December 21, 1950. As indicated, the Com­ quires the state to be neutral in its rela­ ·that reservation; or else to reserve an addi- mission stipulated no issue of constitution­ tions with groups of religious believers tional band for religious organizations. On ality. Bond nevertheless managed to find and nonbelievers; it does not require the October 21, 1949, FCC set this petition down that question implied in the issue ot the .itate to be their adversary. State power for hearing on two specified issues. One of "public interest, convenience, or necessity." 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORP-HOUSE 895 After making a finding adverse to the Reor­ 1t affects religious programs on commercial a numerous family and one of the best ganized Church on the question of whether stations as adversely as it affects religious families in Idaho. all the officers and directors of the applicant stations. If this decision becomes final it I wish to express my appreciation of association were citizens as required by law, will, in my opinioµ, outlaw all such broad­ Bond went on to the issue of "whether the casts. That seems to be a large order, too the fact that we might have such a life program proposals of the Reorganized exorbitant to be credible. But let us see. in Idaho, and, if I may, also to tender · Church • • • would be in the public The Federal Government would be giving the sympathy of this House to my col­ interest." After analyzing the concept of unlawful assistance to the Reorganized Mor-., league, HAMER BUDGE. "public interest" as it had always been un­ mans, Bond says, if it enabled them to broad­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time derstood by the FCC, he decided that the cast Mormon doctrine. by granting them a of the gentleman from Idaho has ex­ application of the Reorganized Church satis­ radio license. But FCC is just as truly assist­ pired. fied the requirement. ing the National Council of Catholic Men in This would seem to have disposed of the enabling them to broadcast· Catholic doc­ SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED question. But not for Mr. Bond. No, sir. trine by granting the National Broadcasting Mr. REES of Kansas asked and was Since the Supreme Court erected the wall Co. its several licenses and permitting ·NBC given permission to address the House of separation between church and state in to give radio time to NCCM for the Catholic the Everson and McCollum decisions, Mr. Hour. Let it be remembered th.at FCC does for 20 minutes on Monday next, follow­ Bond was determined to see that it was not not cease to be responsible for the use made ing the regular business _of the day and breached. "One of the applicant's pur­ of every minute of broadcasting time simply any special orders heretofore entered. poses,'° he wrote, "is to exercise its rights because it delegates that time to NBC in ESCAPE CLAUSE IN RECIPROCAL TRADE under that license to foster its religious chunks of 18 hours a day. • AGREEMENTS interests. • • There may be present According to Bond, if FCC granted a license correlation in all respects between those in­ to the Reorganized Mormons to broadcast - Mr. SCUDDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask terests and the public interest, but we can­ religious programs, its obligation to regulate unanimous consent to address the House not decree that this applicant shall be em­ in the public interest, convenience or neces­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend powered by license to construct and operate sity would compel it to interfere unconstitu­ my remarks. the proposed station under its stated tionally in the affairs of this religious body. concepts." But FCC's regulatory duty follows all radio The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there - True, as he said, this stated concept merely time into whatsoever hands it may be dele­ objection to the request of the gentleman includes the purpose of fostering the church's gated or subdelegated. If FCC permits NBC from California? religious interests. But even if [that pur­ to delegate a half-hour a week to NCCM, FCC There was no objection. pose] be even a small portion of the entire still has the statutory duty to regulate use Mr. SCUDDER. Mr. Speaker, on purpose, he declared, the license must not of that time, meaning that it must regulate January 30, I introduced H. R. 2194 be issued. Bond was telling FCC not merely NCCM's use of the time. The latter is just which, if enacted, will be known as the that it ought not grant the license, but that as truly interference with a religious group Trade Agreements Regulation Act of it could not. He even undertook to tell the as the former. 1951. . Congress that it could not authorize FCC to The applicability of Bond's third argument grant such a license. to religious programs on commercial stations I shall endeavor to have the principles Bond supported this thesis with three ar­ is even clearer. If it is constitutionally in­ of this bill amended into H. R. 1612, guments, based on the premise of the Everson cumbent upon FCC to avoid religious imbro­ which will be before the House this decision that the founding fathers sought a glios by keeping Morman programs off Mor­ week. I can see no reason why the Tariff government which .was stripped of all power mon stations in Independence for fear anti­ Commission should not ·establish the to tax to support, or otherwise to assist any religious groups may kick up a.fuss, it would point below which a -tariff should be re­ or all religions, or to interfere with the beliefs seem to be at least equally incumbent upon duced, and that. the Congress should be of any individual or group. it to keep Catholic programs off Nation-wide · 1. His first argument was µierely implied, networks for the same reason. notified if such reduction will be fatal 1. e". , that for a Government agency like FCC · Is it unthinkable that this initial deci­ to an American industry. to grant a radio license to a religious group sion should become final? I'm not so sure, Too many of our industries have been for religious purposes; even though such certainly not any more sure than I would ruined . and employees thrown out of purpose be secondary and inconsequential, have been, prior to July 1946, that the opin­ work because of ill-considered tariff re• would be to put the Government in the posi­ ion handed down in the Robert Harold Scott ductions. An ·escape clause should by tion of supporting or otherwise assisting any case was unthinkable;. or than I would. have or all religions. law be a part of all trade agreements. been, prior to March 1948, that the McCollum But for the war in Korea, and prepara­ 2. His second argument was more in­ decision was unthinkable. All I know is genious. When FCC grants a Hcense, it is what is undeniably the fact at this writing, tion for war, millions of our American under obligation to regulate its use in the that is, that J. D. Bond~s initial decision in people would be idle today. We should public intei:est, convenience, or necessity. the case of the Reorganized Church, et al.~ not permit. our leadership_to get us into But for FCC to regulate operation of- a sta­ will automattcally become final and effective a position from which only-a war can · ex~ tion owned by a religious group would be, 40 days after its release date, December 29; tricate-us. · ' in the words just quoted from the Emerson 1950, or on February 6, 1951, unless-some· ob­ case, to interfere with the beliefs of [an] in­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time jection ls filed or FCC takes it up on its own of the gentleman from California has dividual or group. motion. Very likely the Reorganized Mor­ 3. Bond derived his third argument from. mons will object. But they objected a year expired. an excerpt he quotes from the McCollum case. ago,. and now they get exactly the same dose, PRODUCTION OF PETP.OLEUM PRODUCTS He argued: only more elaborately spelled out. They "We may not so commingle the religious should not be left to carry the ball alone. . Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask interest of the Reorganized Church with the And besides, were they now to give up in .unanimous consent to extend my re­ public interest as_to find harmony and there­ disgust and allow the initial decision to marks at this point in the RECORD and upon ignore the first amendment. Else we become effective by. default, who. could blame to include_a. press release- ·from the ·Na­ might • • . • find discord in the dual them? tional Petroleum Counsel and the text of concepts and precipitate the church-state imbroglio which the Constitution was de­ THE LATE ALFRED S. BUDGE a House resolution. signed to avert." The SPEAKER. Is there objection to A religious station becomes unthinkable Mr. WOOD of Idaho. Mr. Speaker, I the request of·the gentleman from Mas.;, because antireligious groups might not like ask unanimous ·consent to address the sachusetts? what it proposes to broadcast and start an House for 1 minute, to revise and extend There was no objection. imbroglio. my remarks and include two editorials. Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, the These three arguments, I submit, bear with The SPEAKER pro tempore nsent to address the.House gives something of the picture of the conditions that have continued to exist terest and in justice to our railroad for 1 minute, to revise and extend my re­ workers. marks and include an editorial. under the nominal Government take­ over of the railroads-conditions that ' [From the Washington (D. C.) Daily News of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to February 1, 1951] · the request of the gentlewoman from · have finally brought the men to the end of their endurance. THEY ARE WRONG Ohio? 0 There was no objection. Are these men the only ones who are Again, as in mid-December, unauthorized Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I hold wrong, Mr. Speaker, or do we not share · strikes by railroad yardmen in Washington . that wrong? · and other key centers threaten ·the Nation no brief for any strikes in our transpor­ with a disastrous tie-up of rail traffic. tation lines when men are dying in Ko­ Do we not all have a definite respon­ This newspaper repeats· what it has said rea, but I do remember that one of the sibility when we permit situations such before-that the strikers are good Americans things for which they are dying is fair­ as exist today in our railroads to con- who feel they have a great grievance . ness and justice. . tinue? Certainly no settlement can be But, no matter how great their grievance, The Government took over the rail­ made without all of us recognizing the they are gravely injuring their own cause as oblig3ition that is ours as Americans to well as their country. roads some 4 months ago, many months They are affronting public opinion when after the men in certain branches of the create an atmosphere in which unity of purpose will bring understanding. they greatly need its sympathetic under­ work had asked for a readjustment of , standing. their wages and their hours. Nothing Many of you had opportunity yester­ They are striking &gainst their Govern­ has been accomplished during these day, as I did, to talk with some of these ment, for the roads are under Federal sei­ months of Government control. Small . railroad workers who have come to plead zure and Army operating control. wonder that an end came to their en­ their case. They are loyal Americans­ They are defying the President of the durance. coming to us who 1'epresent them in the United States, who termed their December Life has taught me that there are al­ Congress to plead for understanding and strikes unlawful and called on them to re­ ways two sides to every question. Cer­ for a fair adjustment of wages and work­ turn to work. ing hours. These men have waited 23 They are violating a Federal court restrain­ tainly at this point it would seem as if ing order, issued at Chicago last month, and Government should give an accounting .· months. They are discouraged and risking _severe punishment of their unions. of its inaction, which in itself is one of deeply troubled, knowing full well that They are disobeying their union leaders, . the main causes for the action of the · to continue such a strike will injure . who have disowned the strikes and instructed railroad workers. . · many, including themselves. the strikers to get back on their jobs. They are men who are just as good I am convinced that these men would At the time of the December strikes, the Americans as you and I, who have been go back to work instantly if they felt ·Scripps-Howard newspapers advised the · brought near the end of their endurance . we would act in their behalf. They do yardmen to l'eturn to work and promised, if after many months of inaction· on the not want special privileges, but they do · they did so, to help them put their case be­ want adjustments comparable to those fore the court of public opinion. part of Government. Last week we kept that promise by pub­ As far as I can see, they are asking no the men in other industries have had, lishing an article written by W. P. Kennedy, more than has been granted many rail­ . comparable even to those already president of the Brotherhood of Railroad road workers, and most of industry oth­ granted some of the branches of the Trainmen. Mr. Kennedy made some impres­ . erwise. It is a sad commentary on our railroad industry. sive points. · understanding that we must let things Perhaps there is a 44-hour week in The yardmen and switchmen got their last drift to the point where good Americans theory, as the News editorial says,. but W!}ge increase in October 1948. Since then are put in the position of defying Fed­ these men are working-some 56 hours, most workers in other industries have had re- · some 60 hours a week. What family life . peated raises. Many organized workers, in­ eral court orders over questions that cluding a million nonoperating railroad em­ · should have been resolved months and ' can th~y have? What can they know of ployees, have the 40-hour week with premium months ago. , their children? One man. now on a real pay for overtime. Yardmen and switchmen When the Federal Government took · 40-hour schedule, who spoke of being do not, and their current wage rates are over, the men felt there might be a settle­ . "in luck," said to me yesterday, "Until much lower than those of other skilled worlc­ ment of the problem. But thousands 2 years ago I was practically a stranger ers in many industries. are still working at wages established to my two children." Their present wage controversy with the · more than 2 years ago. Many work from railroads began almost 23 months ago. Last I have said before that I am not con­ June their unions rejectecl,-as they had a 56 to 60 hours a week, with no adequate . doning this strike, but a middle way can legal right to do--the recommendations of a basis for overtime. Only a very few . be f OlJ.nd if one tries to find it. These Railway Labor Act fact-finding board ap­ have been put on a real 40-hour week, men came to us as a last resort to ask pointed by President Truman. On August with overtime pay for 48 hours or more. that we find some way to that middle 27, Mr. Truman ordered Government seizure Surely, if tllere is to be any fairness in road, where there may be an equitable of the roads to head off a threatened strike the wage-price structure the yardmen, solution. for better terms. the switchmen, the men who work out I know. as every man and woman in After the unauthorized strikes in Decem­ ber, union officers and management repre­ of doors in all kinds of weather, who pro­ America must begin to realize, that we sentatives were called to the White House for tect us from accident and keep trains as a Nation must prove our right to the new negotiations. They signed, finally, what moving safely-certainly they who are freedom and the way of life about which ·the public certainly understood to be a firm skilled workers in their field, who have we talk so much and do too little. This agreement for Eettlement of the long con- waited far more patiently than skilled is a ·struggle for survival:-no less-and · troversy. XCVII-57 898 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 Under it, the yardmen were to get a raise of understood by the American people and Mr. STEFAN asked and ·was given 25 cents an hour, bringing their average by many . Members of Congress. We permission to extend his remarks and hourly wage to about $1.83. An escalator have heard from General Eisenhower include extraneous matter. clause guaranteed further increases if the cost of living kept rising. The 40-hour week now let us hear from General Mac­ Mr. BECKWO~TH asked and was was accepted in principle, though its actual Arthur. given permission to extend his remarks applica~ion was to be deferred until the man­ GENERAL EISENHOWER'S REPORT and include a brief statement by a citi­ power situation improved. The four unions zen of Texas. involved were to observe a 3-year, no-strike Mr. GROSS. Mr. . Speaker, I ask Mr. . BATTLE asked :ltnd was given per­ morator~um on new-wage-and-working-rules unanimous consent to address the House mission to extend his remarks. demands. · for 1 minute and to revise and extend my Mr. BAILEY asked and was given per­ Mr. Kennedy and other union negotiators remarks. · mission to extend his remarks and in­ now contend that the agreement was merely The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there tentative. Governing bodies of their unions clude an analysis of the escape clause as have rejected it. And the yardmen, still on objection to the request of the gentleman it applies to reciprocal trade agreements. wa~e rates fixed more than 2 years ago, are from Iowa? Mr. DAGUE Kentucky: THRUSTON BALLARD MORTON, honesty. Mr. KING. I am pleased to yield to BRENT SPENCE, THOMAS R. UNDERWOOD, CARL the distinguished gentlewoman from D. PERKINS, JAMES S. GOLDEN. Now, Mr. Speaker, I wish to read from Utah. Louisana: F. EDWARD HEBERT, OTTO E. the President's message a statement that Mrs. BOSONE. May I ask the gentle­ PASSMAN. I believe demonstrates the manifest sin­ man from California if the speaker M aine: CHARLES P. NELSON. cerity of the President in inviting the whose remarks the gentleman has quoted Mar yland: EDWARD T. MILLER, JAMES P. S. . entire membership of the Committee on had the opportunity to interrogate the. DEVEREUX, GEORGE H . FALLON, Ways and Means to confer in the prepa- President of the United States? 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9~3 Mr. KING. I am pleased that the I am nonplussed to find out why I have shore parties, keeping everybody in touch, gentlewoman has asked that question. been considered an enemy of the Marines and particularly and, above all, signal com­ All the Members who visited the Presi­ or why the Army should want them in the munications. dent had ample opportunity and were Army. . The CHAIRMAN. Did you consider that a There is one other point with respect to limitation? invited to offer suggestions in connec­ the Marines I would like to clear up: General EISENHOWER. No; I have also said tion with the tax message to be pre­ The War Department has been accused of that the Marines should be sufficiently strong sented by the President of the United a certain unfriendly attitude by reason of to seize advance bases where only the Navy States. omissions of their names in certain docu­ was interested. . The Marines, to my way of Mrs. BOSONE. Did that gentleman ments. thinking, have no principal function when ask any questions? I will confess to this; that up until a very you take a great land operation such as was Mr. KillG. I do not recollect that recent discussion which came about, I had in Europe, in contradistinction to that in the any questions of a critical nature, or always looked upon the Marines as part of Pacific. · the Navy, an essential part like their battle­ There, if you made good your landing in that could be interpreted as critical, ships, their carriers, or anything else. the Pacific, you knew the battle was won. were presented to the President at any When I have referred to the Navy I have The enemy could not reinforce and the battle time during the interview. meant the Navy with all of its parts and I was won. Mrs. BOSONE. Then the gentleman have never by implication meant to ignore The landing in Europe was merely an incl- . would say there was a misinterpretation the Marines, because I was not aware of the dent to the whole campaign. It was merely of the President's attitude throughout? fact that I should say "naval armed services" a start. in order to use a term inclusive of the Ma­ I also said that the Marines should be Mr. KING. Completely so; pre­ rines. I have always meant when I spoke to equipped to seize those forward bases in cisely so. the Navy, to include the Marines. which the Navy held primary or single Mrs. BOSONE. It looks as though Those are the only two points in addition interest. there is a certain pattern being fol­ to my written statement that I wanted to The CHAIRMAN. In that connection, was it lowed, such as we had to face in the clear up. That is merely for a matter of suggested that the Marines be used as crews la:t campaign. Is not that the same record to show exactly wh -it I meant in the for the landing boats? things :i: have said and the things I have General EISENHOWER. Yes; I asked why pattern? tried to do. they should not do that. I found out later Mr. KING. It is. I should like to repeat that I earnestly that in naval conception that is wrong. The SIZE OF THE MARINE CORPS believe that the purpose of this bill, the bluejackets actually provide these crews. effect of this bill, would .be to give us a We had this experience in the beginning of Mr. HOFFMAN' of Michigan. Mr. single civilian with an appropriate group of the war, Mr. Chairman. We were trying to Speaker, several bills have been intro­ assistants, who would be enabled each year develop landing craft as early as 1942. It was duced in the House, one at least in the to study the continuing anci. changing needs perfectly clear that if you didn't begin early Senate, to increase the size of the Ma­ of naticnal security, and who would be in a to develop landing craft and get ready for rine Corps. position to come down and give you a amphibious operations we were not going to Such legislation may or may not be rounded and integrated picture. win the war. I see nothing in the bill that attempts to . The Navy was vitally interested in restoring necessary or helpful. As the question of get into the business of Congress, that of the fleet and combating the submarine. the roles and missions of the Marine . maintaining and supporting armies and de­ When we wanted to start this, one of the Corps was given considerat~on when the termining what they shall do. things we ran into was that the Navy had National Security Act of 1947, since I do believe that the great step forward no - men to train as crews for these small amended, was written, excerpts from the of this bill is tu give you a civilian who comes landing boats and the Army had to do it. testimony of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower down ar.d gives you each year the rounded General Somervell undertook and did pro­ on the subject and excerpts from the pictur:i, either when you take up enabling vide engineering brigades to man these boats. legislation or the budget. I personally think It took a long time before we could transfer· exchange of views of General Eisenhower that is the greatest forward step of this them to the Navy. They did not logically and Admiral Nimitz as carried in the whole thing. belong to us but it seemed to us in retrospect Joint Chiefs of Staff 1478, may not only Those were the three points I wanted to that the job that had not been done in ad-· be of interest but informative. The ex­ make. vance should be specifically charged to. cerpts of testimony read as follows: The CHAIRMAN. Did you ever recommend. . someone. I found out that the Navy considers that (From the testimony of Gen. Dwight D. a reduction in size or in the functions of the Marine Corps at any time? specifically their job and the Marines had Eisenhower testifying before a House Com­ nothing to do with it. mittee en May 7, 1947, on the proposed Na­ General EISENHOWER. No, sir. I should make this clear: The CHAIRMAN. Was it also suggested that tional Security Act of 1947, the following our marines follow the pattern of duties of is taken-page 273 : ) · I have said in papers and everything else that we should be very careful about not the British marines? Mr. Chairman, I have little to add to the getting into each other's hair, that the General EISENHOWER. I cannot recall that, general statement I have made, except there Marine Corps should no more attempt to I may have at times used the British ma­ is one thing I would like to make clear. establish a big land army than we should rines in comparing records, but as a matter I have found around this town in the last attempt tr he.ve destroyers and cruisers, or of fact, I am not sufficiently familiar with year that I have been accused of being an t.hi:i.t sort of thing. the organization of the British marines to use enemy of the Marine- Corps. The CHAIRMAN. I had reference specifically that as a specific reference. I want to give you some facts: to a memorandum which was said to have The CHAIRMAN. The only purpose of my Long before I came back f:i;om Europe. the been written to Admiral Nimitz. question, may I say, was to remove any fear President had given us an O!der in all of Was such a memorandum written? that someone in the Navy or elsewhere might the services to try to get together on a General EISENHOWER. I checked and found have that there was an attempt being made military program which v:ould be a truly uni­ that in that memorandum I said, as a point by this legislation to limit in some way the fied one, 'which could be sent to Congress, as to start, suppose we take a Marine Corps of marines. a unified program of security for the country. 50,000 · or 60,000 men. I looked up the General EISENHOWER. I think we should all I inherited the War Department part of strength of the Marines before the war. In be limited. That is one reason for putting that chore. 1939 there -were 18.000 and in 1940, their us all together so we do not do each other's It was very difficult to find ways, means, strength was 2{,000. jop. Each should be limited, but if they and methods of getting together on this I thought I was starting with a reasonable have a specific job that they do better than thing. I finally adopted the method of mak­ figure. At that time I did not know that everybody else, each of us should have that ing concrete and specific proposals. by law the Marines have an authorized responsibility. Only recently I have looked up my own strength of 20 percent, I believe, of the I do not mean to diminish those things statements to see what I said. Navy. they do that everybody knows they do better This exchange of letters between the Navy The CHAIRMAN. Do you ·believe that the than others. - · and ourselves was merely a way to get some­ Marines may be employed on the beaches or The CHAIRMAN. You would have no objec­ thing started. I found it necessary, as w:as to furnish shore parties, signal men, furnish tion to writing some safeguard of that kind reflected in my papers of that time, to men­ commando-types for raiding operations? into this legislation? tion the Marine Corps, and certainly no hos- General EISENHOWER. I believe they should General EISENHOWER. When you came to . tility was shown toward it. · do that. the business of writing things into legisla­ I proposed what at that time seemed to I think we have been a bit remiss and .one tion, Mr. Chairman, I personally feel that if me to be a very decent sort of ·figure from of the reasons I am anxious for all-of us to we go into the job of writing detailed legisla­ which to start. I proposed a strength for get together very closely is we have always tion, we get artici­ naval installations. The emergency develop­ pates only in minor shore combat operations sence was granted to Mr. WERDEL (at the ment of the Marine forces during this war in which the Navy alone is interested. request of Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts) __ should not be viewed as assigning to the Navy 2. That it be recognized that the land .until February 19, on account of official a normal function of land warfare, funda- aspect of major amphibious operations in the · business. . mentally the primary role of the Army. . future will be undertaken by the Army and ADJOURNMENT There is a real need for one service to be consequently the marine forces will not be charged with the responsibility for initially appreciably· expanded in time of war. Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I move bridging the gap between the sailor on the 3. That it be agreeµ t~at the Navy w~ll that the House do_now adjourn. ship and· the soldier on land. This seems to . not develop a land Army of a so-called ~m­ The motion was agreed. to; accord­ me properly a function of the Marine Corps. phi_bious army; marine units to be limited ingly (at,2·o'clock and.53 minutes p. m.), I believe the Joint Chiefs of Staff should give · in size to the equivalent · of the regiment, under its previous order, the House ad­ serious consideration to such a concept. The and the total size of the Marine Corps there­ need of a force within the fleet to provide fore limited to some 50,000. journed until Monday, February 5, 1951, small, readily available, and lightly armed: at 12 o'clock noon. units to· protect United States interests ... Report by Army members of Joint ashore i~ foreign countries is r·ecognized. Staff planners proposal: EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. The·se functions, together with that of in­ Provide landing parties with the fleet to terior guard of naval ships and naval shore protect United States interests ashore in Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu­ establishments, comprise the fundamental foreign countries in operations short of war, tive communica.tions · were taken from role of the Marine Corps. When naval forces and in time of war to conduct raids and the Speaker's table and referred as fol­ are involved in operations requiring land small-scale amphibious demonstrations. forces of combined arms, the task becomes lows: a joint land-sea, and usually Air Force mis­ • • • • 151. A letter from the Chairman, Muni­ sion. Once Marine units attain such a size Perform necessary functions aboard ship, tions Board, transmitting the semiannual as to require the combining of arins to ac­ at naval installati6ns, and in the ship-to­ report on the stockpiling program, pursuant complish theii missions, they are assuming shore phase of amphibious operations. ~o section 4 of the Strategic and Critical Ma­ and duplicating the functi~ns of the Army THE BUDGET SITUATION terials Stock· Piling Act, Public Law ~20, and we have in effect two land armies. I Seventy-ninth Congress; to the Committee therefore recommend that the above concept Mr. PHILLIPS. . Mr; Speaker, I ask on Armed -Services: · ·· · be accepted as stating the role of the Marine unanimous consent to address the House 152. A fetter from the president, Washing­ Corps and that Marine units not exceed the for 1 minute. ton Gas Light Co., transmitting a statement -1951 CONGRESSIONAL REC6Rb=H:6USE 905 I of the business of the Washington Gas Light and to make the Commandant of the Marine 1ng to the enlist ment of aliens in the Regular Co., t ogether with a list of stockholders, for Corps a permanent member of the Joint Army; to the Committee on Armed Services. the year ended December 31, 1950, pursuant Chiefs of Staff; to the Committee on Armed H. R. 2329. A bill to rescind t he order of to chapter 2510 of the act .of Congress ap­ Services. the Postmaster General curtailing cert ain proved March 2, 1907 (34 Stat. 1133); to the H. R. 2313. A bill to amend the Railroad postal services; to the Committee on Post Committee on the District of Columbia. Retirement Act of 1937, as amended, so as to Office and Civil Service. 153. A letter from the Secretary of State, provide full annuities, at compensation of By Mr. VINSON: transmitting a draft of a proposed bill to half salary or wages. based on the five highest H . R. 2330. A bill to establish t h e strength amend chapter 213 of title 18 of -the United years of earnings, for individuals who have of the United States Marine Corps, and for States Code relative to the statute of limi­ completed 35 years of service or have at- other purposes; to the Committee on Armed tations applicable to violations of the pass­ tained the age of 60; to the Committee on Services. port laws and the laws relating to the falsi- Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. WITHROW: . fication of evidence of citizenship; to the By Mr. DONOVAN: H. R. 2331. A bill to amend the act entitled Committee on the Judiciary. _ H. R. 2314 . . A bill to provide for ·the ad- "An act to reclassify the salaries of post­ 154. A letter from the Secretary of the mission to the United States of an addi- masters, officers, and employees of the postal Army, transmitting a letter from the Chief tional number of aliens of Italian nation- service; to establish uniform procedures for of Engin eers, United States Army, dated Au­ ality; to the Committee on the Judiciary. computing compensation; and for other pur- gust 4, 1950, submitting a report, together By Mr. ELLIOTT: poses,".approved July 6, 1945, with respe::t to with accompanying papers and illustrations, H. R. 2315. A bill to provide an a1lowance certain employees in the Postal Transporta­ on a preliminary examination and survey of for uniforms for certain officers reca""9d to tion Service; to the Committee on Post Office Gold Creek and tributaries, Alaska, author­ active service with the· Armed Forces of the and Civil Service. ized by the Flood Control Act approved on United States; to the Committee on Armed By Mr. WOLCOTT: July 24, 1946 (H .. Doc. No. 54); to the Com­ Services. H. R. 2332. A bill to grant succession t o the mit tee on Public Worlcs and · ordered to be By Mr. HART: . War Damage Corporation; to the Committee printed, with two iilustratfons. H. R. 2316. A bill to extend the require- on Banking and Currency. 155. A letter from the Administrator, Fed­ ments for fixing the minimum number of By Mr. YORTY: eral Security Agency, transmitting the Ad­ deck officers on steam vessels to certain ad- H. R. 2333. A bill to amend the Defense ministrator's report, which is the first part ditional vessels of tlie United States, and for Production Act of 1950 so as to authorize of the annual report of the Federal Security other purposes; to the Committee on Mer- the President to control food prices under Agency, for the fiscal year 1950; to the Com­ chant Marine and Fisheries. that act to t he same extent as other com- mittee on Ways and Means. By Mr. HART (by request): modities; to the Committee on Banking .and 156. A letter from, the Secretary of Com­ H. R. 2317. A bili to provide that certain Currency. merce, transmitting a report for the fiscal vessels shall be subject to the laws relating By Mr. ALBERT: · year ended June 30, 1950, concerning the to steam vessels, and for other purposes; t o . H. R. 2334. A bill to amend section 7 oft.he progress made in the improvement of Fed­ the Committee on Merchant Marine and Flood Control Act of 1941 relating to the eral-aid highways and ·other information, Fisheries. · · apportionment of moneys received on ac- · pursuant to section 10 of the act of Congress .. By Mr. HOEVEN: count of the leasing of lands acquired by the approved June 18, 1934 (48 Stat. 993); to the H. R. 2318. A bill to grant total and perma- United States for flood-control purposes; to Committee on Public Works. nent disability ratings to veterans suffering the Committee on Public Works .. 157. A letter from the Secretary of com­ from severe induE:trial inadaptability as a By Mr. BATTLE: merce, transmitting a draft of a proposed bill result of war eervice; to the Committee on H. R. 2335. A bill to grant certain educa- entitled "A bill to authorize the detail of Veterans' Affairs. tional, loan, employment, and ot her bene- officers of the Armed Forces to any duty or By Mr. KEATING: . fits i::rovided for veterans of World War II position with the Department of Commerce l:I. R. 2319. A bill relating to the salary and to persons on act ive service with the 'Armed expem:e allowances of the President, Vice Forces during the present hostilities; t o -the in connection y.rith the work of promoting President, and the Speaker and Members of Committee on Veterans' Affairs. civil aviation"; to the Committee on Armed Congress; to the Committee on Post Office H. R. 2336. A bill to establish a United Services. 158. A letter from the Administrator, Gen­ and Civil Service. States Peace Academy; to the Committee on eral Services Administration, transmitting By Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin: Education and Labor. H. R. 2320. A . bfll to fix the personnel By Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL: the twenty-sixth quarterly report on con­ · strength of the United States Marine Corps, H. R. 2337. A bill to make all GI salaries tract settlement, covering the period Octo­ and to make the Commandant· of the Marine tax-free, excluding commissioned officers; to ber 1 through December 31, 1950; to the Corps a permanent member of the Joint the Committee on Ways and Means. Committee on the Judiciary. Chiefs of Staff; to the Committee on Armed By Mr. HART (by request) : 159. A letter from the Administrator, Gen­ Services. H. ·R. 2338. A bill authorizing vessels of eral Services Administration, transmitting a By Mr. O'HARA: Canadian registry to transport iron ore be- report covering the fiscal year ending June H. R. 2321. A bill to protect consumers and tween United S tates ports on the Great Lakes 30, 1950, pursuant to section 212 of the Fed• others against misbranding, false advertising, during 1951; to the Committee on Merchant eral Property and Administi:ative Services and false invoicing of fur products and furs; Marine and Fisheries. Act of 1949, as amended; to the Committee to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign · By Mr. WALTER: on Expenditures in the Executive Depart­ Commerce. H. R. 2339. A bill to clarify the immigra- ment~ 160. A letter from the Secretary of the By Mr. SIKES: tion status of certain aliens; to the Com- H. R. 2322. A bill to authorize-the improve- mittee on the Judiciary. Interior, transmitting a report on all reser­ ment of East Pass Channel from the Gulf of By Mr. DONOVAN: vations made during the calendar year of 1950, pursuant to section 13 of the act of Mexico into Choctawhatchee Bay, Fla.; to the H. R. 2340. A bill to amend the penalty June 25, 1910 (36 Stat. 858); to the Com­ Committee on Public Works. provisions applicable to persons convicted of mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. H. R. 2323. A bill to convey a portion of violating certain narcotic laws, and for other 161. A letter from the Assistant Secretary Santa Rosa Island, Fla., to Santa Rosa purpoees; to the Committee on Ways and of Agriculture, transmitting a report of the County, Fla.; to the Committee on Armed Means. activities relative to the disposal of foreign Services. By Mr. HAYS of Arkansas: excess property under title IV, pursuant to H. R. 2324. A bill to authorize the con- H. R. 234L A bill authorizing the transfer the Federal Property and Administrative struction of a channel at East Point in of that portion of Camp Joseph T . Robinson Services Act of 1949, Public Law 152, Eighty­ Apalachicola Bay, Fla.; to the Committee on known as the Baptist College tract to the first Congress; to the Committee on Ex­ Public Works. State of Arkansas; to the Committee on penditures in the Executive Departments. H. R. 2325. A bill to authorize the dredging Armed Services. of a boat basin at Apalachicola, Fla.; to the By Mr. MADDEN: Committee on Public Works. H. R. 2342. A bill to authorize the Federal PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 2326. A bill to provide a channel Security Administrator to bring to Washing­ across St. George Island from the Gulf of ton, D. C., theater productions.of land-grant Under clause . 3 of rule XXII, public Mexico into Apalachicola Bay, Fla.; to the and State and other accredited colleges and bills and resolutions were introduced Committee on Public Works. universities; to the Committee on Education and severally referred as follows: By Mr. SMITH of Virginia: and Labor. By Mr. CHATHAM: H. R. 2327. A bill to authorize the exchange By Mr. MORTON: H. R. 2311. A bill to provide funds for co­ of lands acquired by the United States for H. R. 2343. A bill to amend the Railroad operation with the public-school authorities Prince William Forest Park, Prince W1lliam Retirement Tax Act to make the 1951 tax of. Person County, N. C., in the construction, County, Va., for the purpose of consolidating rates under such act applicable to future extension, and improvement of public-school · Federal holdings therein, and for other pur- years; to the Committee on Ways and Means. fac1lit1es; to the Committee on Interior and . poses; to the ··Committee on Interior and By Mr. WIER: Insular Affairs. Insular Affairs. H. R. 2344. A bill to amend t he act ap- By Mr. CUNNINGHAM: By Mr. VAN ZANDT: proved March 3, 1931, relating t o t h e rate H . R. 2312. A bill to fix the personnel H. R. 2328. A bill to amend the act of June of wages for laborers and mechan ics em­ . strength of the United States Marine Corps, , 30, 1950 (Public Law 597, 8lst Cong.), relat-:__ ployed by contractors and subcontractors on 903 CONG-RESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE FEBRUARY 5 public buildings, to extend coverage to arc_hi­ relating to _American policy in GermJ1,ny; to By Mr. POULSON: . tects, technical engineers, draftsmen, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs • H. R. 2370. A bill for the . relief of Carl technicians; to the Committee on Education Schmuser; to the Committee on the Judi- . and Labor. ciary. H. R. 2345. A. bill to amend Public Law PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: No. 846, Seventy-fourth Congress ( S. 3055), Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H. R. 2371. A bill for the relief of James . an act to provide conditions for the pur­ bills and resolutions were introduced and Gordon Burgess; to ·the Committee on the chase of supplies and the making o_f con­ Judiciary. tra·cts by the United States, and for other severally referred as follows: By Mr. ROONEY: purposes; to the Committee on Education By Mr. ADAIR: H. R. 2372. A bill for the relief of Michael and Labor. H. R. 2346. A bill for the relief of Odette Post-Posniakoff and Zinaida Post-Posnia­ By Mr. LEONARD W. HALL: Louise Tirman; to the Committee on the koff; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 145. Joint resolution extending Judiciary. By Mr. VAN ZANDT: . for 2 years the existing privilege of free By Mr. BARING: H. R. 2373. ·A . bill to authorize the ap­ importation of gifts from members of the H. R. 2347. A bill for the relief of Mrs. pointment of Sidney F. Mashbir as ;;i. colonel, Armed Forces of the United States on duty Carolyn W. Cheatham; to the Committee on Adjutant· General's Department, United abroad; to the Committee on Ways and the Judiciary. States Army; to the Committee on Armed Means. By Mr. DEVEREUX: Services. By .Mr. PHILLIPS: H. R. 2348. A bill for the relief of Andrew H.J. Res. 146. Joint resolution proposing Louis Mastellone; to the Committee on the an amendment to the Constitution of the Judiciary. PETITIONS, ETC. United States relative to equal rights for By Mr. D'EWART: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions men and women; to the Committee on the H. R. 2349. A bill authorizing the Secre­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk - Judiciary. tary of the Interior to issue patents in fee and referred as follows: By Mr. SHEPPARD: to certain allottees on the Crow Indian Res­ H.J. Res. 147. Joint resolution proposing ervation; to the Committee on Interior and 34. By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: Resolu­ an amendment to the Constitution of the Insular Affairs. tion of the Women's Auxiliary to the Rock United States relative to equal rights for County Medical Society of Wisconsin, passed By Mr. ELSTON: at a meeting held in. Janesville, Wis., on men and women; to the Committee on the H. R. 2350. A bill for the relief of Elfriede Judiciary. F~bruary 23, 1951, in regard to socialized Johanna Antonia Steinhaus; to the Commit­ medicine; to the Committee on Interstate By Mr. DOLLIVER: tee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 148. Joint resolution to direct and Foreign Commerce. . By Mr. FARRINGTON: 35. By the SPEAK~R: Petition of Jack the Federal Communications Commission to H. R. 2351. A bill for the relief of Naokl make a study of the problem of allocating Harrison, county judge, Angleton, Tex., rela­ and Yoshiki Sakamoto; to the Committee on tive to the Eighth Air Force application for television frequencies for use by educational the Judiciary. institutions for the purpose or nonprofit edu­ the establishment of a permanent danger H. R. 2352. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Towa zone in the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to Mata­ cational programing; to the Committee on Tanoue; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. gorda Peninsula; to the Committee on By Mr. FARRINGTON: H. R. 2353. A bill for the relief of Kazu­ Armed Sel'vices. yoshi Hino and Yasuhiko Hino; to the Com­ 36. Also, petition of Bombola M. AU, Camp H.J. Res: 149. Joint resolution proposing mittee on the Judiciary. an amendment to the Constitution of the Keithley, Dansalan City, Philippines, relative United States relative to equal rights for .men H. R. 2354. A bill for the relief of Ariel to "honest claimants of Lanao"; to the Com­ and women; to the ·committee on the Judi- Ta-wei Char; to the Committee on the Judi­ mittee on Foreign Affairs. ciary. ciary. By Mr. REED of New York: H. R. 2355. A bill for the relief of Nobuko H.J. Res. 150. Joint resolution proposing Hiramoto; to the Committee on the Judi- an equal-rights amendment to the Consti­ . ciary. , SENATE tution; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 2356. A bill for the relief of Sokan Ueoka; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WERDEL: MONDAY, FEBRUARY 5~ 1951 H.J. Res. 151. Joint resolution granting H. R. 2357. A bill for the relief of Lucia the consent of Congress to joinder of the Adamos; to the Committee on the Judi~iary.