4322 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE APRIL 12 Robert L. Johnson, Medical' Corps, ploration, location, entry, and disposition And this I shall do not as a· partisan­ 01765673. under the general mining laws. not as a eulogist-but in the greatest of · Robert L. Koenig, Medical Corps, 01776396. On April 9, 1948: capacities in which one man can speak James E. Lancaster, Dental Corps, 01774949. H. R. 2298. An act to amend the Interstate Arthur E. Levy, Medical Corps, 01717757. Commerce Act, as amended, and for other of another-that of his friend. Robert C. MacDuffee, Medical Corps, · purposes. · To all he was the soul of humanitarian 01718300. On April 10, 1948: sociability. Stephen G. May, Medical Corps, 01706067. H. R. 718. An act for the relief of Clarence His dynall)ic ·personality and the in­ William H. Meroney · III, Medical Corps, J. Wilson and Margaret J. Wilson. spiration it engendered had an electric 01734844. . MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE quality which radiated the courage and Harry J. Misch, Medical Corps, 01746105. confidence of his great soul to the lowly Francis D. O'Brien, Medical Corps, 0481635. A message from the Senate, by Mr. and the mighty in our society. Ralph H. Potter, Jr., Medical Corps, Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced His-concern for the fate of his fellow 01756664. that the Senate had passed, with amend­ man and his urgent desire that his lot Robert K. Quinnell, Medical Corps, ments in which the concurrence of the 01727160. in this life should be constantly bet- · Donald H. Robinson, Medical Corps, House is requested, a bill of the 'House of tered marked him indelibly with the 01725784. the following title: stamp of the true philanthropist. Ernest A. Sarao, Medical Corps, 0476341. H. R. 3484. An act to transfer the Remount The broad range of .his sympathies P almer H. Warren, Medical Corps, 01736530. Service from the War. Department to the was never limited by partisan consider­ Ralph D. Wright, Medical Corps, 01775834. Department of Agriculture. ations of either creed, race, politics, or Thomas C. Wright, Medical Corps, 01735045. The message also announced that the social standing. Paul G. Yessler, Medical Corps, 01726505. Senate agrees to the report of the com­ These natural sympathies found out- To be second lieutenant mittee of conference on the disagreeing . lets, through his tremendous energy, in . votes of the two Houses on the amend­ the championship of all the causes of the Karl H. Borcheller, Infantry. . ments of tlie Senate to the bill (H. R. common man. His faculty for construc­ 5214) entitled "An act making appropri- tive action and · the exercise of his dar­ CONFIRMATION ations for the Executive Office arid sun­ ing vision were combined ·with .his gift Executive nomination confirmed by the dry independent executive bureaus, for leadership to attain gradually the Senate April 12 (legislative day of March boards, commissions, and offices for the only goal and ambition of his earthly 29), 1948: fiscal year ending June·30, 1949, and fo.r life-the better ordering of our society FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM . other purposes." for all segments of the body politic. T'nomas Bayard McCabe to be a member The message also announced that the Wholehearted devotion to the cause of of the Board of Governors of the Federal Senate agrees to the amendment of the the people-the masses he loved-was Reserve System for the unexpired term of House to Senate amendment No.1 to the joined with an overwhelming good will, 14 years fr~m February 1, 1942. above-entitled bill. a keen sense of soci~l responsibility, and FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT an unquenchable thirs for justice. For the people whom he served, he Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I stood as a symbol of the \vorth of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ask unanimous consent to address the human individual; · and, through the House for 1 minute. practical application of his own humani­ MoNDAY, APRIL 12, 1948 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tarian philosophy of government, he ·the request of the gentleman from Mas­ gave the utmost expression to the prin­ The House met at 12 o'clpck noon. sachusetts? ciples of freedom and justice without The Chaplain, -Rev. James Shera There was no objection. which democracy is but a hollow and Montgomery, D. D., offered the following Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in lifeless aspiration. - prayer: rising to note the' anniversary which this In all of these qualities-in all of these Our Father, Thou who art slow to day commemorates, it is with no thought things-the greatest <;haracteristic was anger and plenteous in mercy, of whose that any eulogy of rp.ine could add a cubit his love of his fellow men, particularly infinite bounty we all partake, calm our to the stature of Franklin Delano Roose­ the sick, the suffering, the underprivi­ spirits that we may find the way of un­ velt. leged, the exploited. His love of justice His niche in history, his place in the der~anding. was a commanding trait he possessed. -As life goes on, we beseech Thee that hearts and affection . of the American It was the warm, friendly, sympathetic, for the common good we may not heed people, and his universal recognition as a and considerate concern for his fellow the plaudits of the crowd, and that pru­ genius of statesmanship are already as­ man that carried him to the pinnacle of dence replace untried adventure. As sured. his political success, and from that-high Thou dost direct our ministry, may we No praise from those who loved him station he aspired to only .one further always place the value of ' truth above could possibly enhance the quality of his goal. That was to be a friend to all ' expediency. 0 move upon the minds of endowments. · mankind. men, lest our time become a weary waste No calumny from his detractors can I knew that friendship. Under its in­ of hours and our people be disappointed dim the magnificence of his accomplish­ spiration, I had the privilege of coming in their hopes.. Restrain us from idle ments. to know the man himself and to learn talk and hear our humble· prayer as we If he engendered passions in his fel­ the greatness of heart that prompted au ~ pray for peace and national unity. Be low men, it was because his greatness of his actions. It is that quality which he near us when the way is rugged, and hold soul partook of all of their humanity. so possessed with abundance that is the us with the spjrit of. a conquering faith. He himself lived passionately; and his crying need of the world of today. ·we pray in the name of Jesus Christ death, coming when it did, was but a States are soulless. It is the human our Lord. Amen. passionate surrender in the cause_of all qualities of the men who govern states mankind. which need improvement. The Journal of Thursday, April 8, 1948, Three years ago today God's messen'­ The friendly understanding of Frank­ was read and approved. · ger of death swept him from this earth lin Roosevelt, the concern which he con­ MESSAGES FROM TH~ PRESIDENT to the seat of judgment before which stantly evidenced for the fate of his fel­ Sundry messages in writing from the all of us must someday stand. I prefer low men,, and his humanitarian sympa­ President of the United States were com­ to leave his real appraisal to the judg­ thies are the qualities of statesmanship municated to the House by Mr. Miller, ment there and to the critical verdict of -which alone can solve the problems one of his secretaries, who also informed future history. which today separate brother from the House that on the following dates His public.rec.ord, therefore, the events brother. . the President approved and signed bills of his Presidency, and ·the inspira:­ It is his exercise of those qualities in of the House of the following titles: tion of his masterful world leadership the world'::? affairs which, 3 years after On April 8, 1948: . shall not occupy me now. I would his death, deepens our sense of loss and H. R. 5049. An act to reopen the · revested speak, rather, of the man himself and makes poignant the realization that we Oregon & ·California Railroad a~d reconveyed ·his humanity to m·an, for therein, I think, ·have lost a friend and one of the world's Coos Bay Wagon Road grant lands to ex- lie his real greatness. outstanding· figures of all time. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-I-IOUSE 4323 W'HO ARE THE REAL FRIENDS OF That opposition is based on the belief that Mr. BRAMBLETT asked and was· given BRITAIN? Britain should stand on her own feet and, permission to extend his remarks in the linked with the Empire, sho'!lld undertake RECORD and include an article on volun­ Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, the task of r~construction free from any I ask unanimous consent to address the external influence. tary help. House for 1 minute, to revise and extend True recovery, it is argued, must be based Mr. MILLER of Maryland asked an·d my remarks, and include an editorial and on a plan for Empire unity. was given permission to extend his re­ marks in the Appendix of the RECORD and extract from a speech I made in 1946. PRAISE AMERICA The SPEAKER. Is there objection to But the Nation has willed that the Mar­ include an article from the New Yorker. the request of the gentleman from New shall plan ~hall be part of the· foreign and HON. JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR. York? domes!ic policy of Britain. Therefore, since the issue is decided, let Mr. BENDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask There was no objection. us frankly comment upon the generous and unanimous consent to address the House Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, splendid conduct of the American people and for 1 minute. . this morning I received "with Lord Bea­ their Congress. The SPEAKER. Is there objection verbrook's compliments," under date of They have gifted these immense sums of to the request of the gentleman from London, April 6, 1948, an editorial from money and goods with .every intention of_ Ohio. the Daily Express, the world's largest rescuing their neighbors in trouble. There was no objection. They show a kindness of disposition daily, net sale. I call attention to the last • worthy of a people who have for long sus­ Mr. BENDER. Mr. Speaker, a tribute paragraph of the editorial, which states: tained throughout the world the precepts to the leadership of this House and to the AND NOW- of the Christian fait h. They have declared prestige of our great Speaker is being Th e crowning deed was t he Marshall plan. themselves their brother's keeper. paid everywhere in America at this mo­ It is a gestm·e more striking than any that REMEMBER: 1 ment. Men -are going back to work in h as gone before. Praise the warm feelings · By three actions America has come to the the Nation's coal mines and the people of the American Nation. Recognize the high aid of a world distressed, worn, and weary; of our country are resuming their nor­ endeavor to help the distressed world. EVen a world beset by much evil and by the deeds mal way of life. , As a Representative of though the belief must be reiterated that the of many tyrant nations, sunk in wickedness. the people of Ohio, I can describe the loan did nothing but injury to Britain and It begins with lease-lend. Has the mem­ deep concern and growing anxiety of our the Empire, and the Marshall aid will have ory of that tremendous gesture faded? the same result. State as the effects of this coal strike Assuredly not. · became apparent. Industry and labor I have maintained from the first that It was on March 11, 1941, that America, still neutral, still unassailed, placed vast re­ were fearful. The whole economy of in supporting the socialistic regime of sources from her fields and factories at Brit­ America stood once more at the brink Britain financially the proponents of the ain's disposal. Britain was the last outpost of chaos. Fortunately for our country, gift of $3,750,000,000 and the Marshall against German aggression. Country after JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR., the Speaker of plan gift of a third of $17,000,000,_000 have country had fallen. Lease-lend was an act this House, was prepared for the emer­ done irreparable injury to the British of faith as well as sustenance and friendship. gency. As an Ohioan, I have had many people. The Communists and their co­ · When lease-lend ended hi August 1945, occasions to praise the ability, the com­ horts who have engineered these gifts opinion said: "Forevermore the people of . Britain will think of the people of America plete honesty, the· foresight, and the wis­ have been shrewd in that they have de­ with warmth and gratitude." · dom of our. senior Senator from Ohio, stroyed the prospects of a return to sound That sentiment is still alive and strong. ROBERT A. TAFT. His contribution to government by the British people. This REMEMBER: 2 the national labor policy of our country same element, operating through the set in motion the machinery which has State Department, aided and abetted by Then came the America loan. It was offered at an uncommercial rate of been employed by JoE MARTIN to end a Congress, can lay claim to the very in­ interest. And in the knowledge from the threat to our entire domestic life and jury of which Lord Beaverbrook com­ first that there was no real prospect of repay­ indirectly to our influence on foreign af­ plains. ment, since our own statesmen agreed to con­ fairs as well. In this spirit of gratitude, On July 11, 1946, I made some com­ ditions which were bound to break down I am rising to commend our Speaker. ments on the floor of the House of Repre­ Britain's credit and leave her, not stronger JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR., on his achieve­ sentatives which I am inserting as a part for the accommodation, but weaker. But the good will which inspireAmericans is not forgotten. the coal dispute and speeding it to a suc­ Nobody can question that Britain is mov­ cessful conclusion. ing toward socialism. Nobody can question AND NOW- To the many polls of popularity now that Socialist Britain is going to be in com­ The crowning deed was th«;l Marshall plan. being conducted throughout our Nation, petition with constitutional America. No­ It is a gesture more striking than any that body can question that this money Will be has gone· before. it would be most helpful to add another, used by the Socialist Government of Britain Praise the warm feelings of the American a poll which would be designed to inform to finance its own experiments in the nation­ Nation. the people of the achievements of their alizat ion of British industry. If we want this Recognize the high endeavor to help the public officials worthy of public com­ country to go socialistic, then that proposi­ distressed world. mendation arid · national acclaim. I tion ought to be put up to the American peo­ Even though the belie'! must b'e reiterated should like to nominate as one of the ple fairly and honestly. It is not American, that the loan did nothing but injury to Brit­ first to receive the praise of this Nation and it is not honest, to defraud the people of , ain and ·the Empire, and the Marshall aid will have the same result. for public service quietly, efficiently, hon­ $3,750,000,000 of their money by falsehoods, orably, and nobly performed, the distin­ and half-truths and distortions of state­ EX~NSION OF REMARKS ment, in order to help finance socialism in guished American who has served us so England, which is exactly in contradiction Mr. ROSS asked and was given per­ well over this critical emergency, JosEPH to our own constitutional system of govern• mission to extend his remarks in the W. MARTIN, . JR., Speaker of the House ment, economy, and security. RECORD and include a resolution. , and a worthy spokesman of the Nation It is the right of people to change their Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin asked and in meeting the challenge of this crisis. form of government in the United States to was given permission to extend his re­ Mr. JENKINS of Pennsylvania. Mr. socialism if they choose to . do it, but it is marks in the RECORD in three instances Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ their right, to do it themselves instead of and include extraneous matter. dress the House for 1 minute and to re­ having their. money used to finance social­ Mr. BUTLER asked and was given per- .vise . and extend my remarks. istic governments everywhere else in the . mission to extend his remarks in the · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to world, such as Britain and France, which RECORD and include a resolution adopted the request of the gentleman from Penn­ may, by competition, force the United States · further into a trend toward increased Govern­ by the Grand Army of the Republic Me­ sylvania? ment cont rol of our economy and our society. morial Association of Erie County, N. Y. There was no objection. Mr. STEFAN asked and was given per­ Mr. JENKINS of Pennsylvania. Mr. Under leave to extend, I am inserting mission to extend his-remarks in the Ap­ Speaker, as the representative of one of the entire editorial from the Daily Ex­ pendix of the RECORD and include a copy the largest anthracite-producing sections press to \Vhich _I have referred: of the Nebraska laws on veterans. of the State of Pennsylvania, as well as 0PINIO!r,'-AID AND THE EMPIRE Mr. BANTA asked and was given per­ of the entire world, I want to take this There is mWlh opposition to the Marshall mission to extend his remarks in the REc­ · opportunity of joining with my friend, pian which.is now in operation. ORD and include a letter. the gentleman from Ohio lMr. BENDER], XCIV--273 4324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 fn expressing the appreciation of the peo­ retirement fund, Monday morning, April Mr. BrG>wn, who has been such a good ple of my district, and of all the people 12, 1948, and which I understand was friend -to all of us. of the United States, for the splendid approved by the trustees. The miners Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. I thank the work that our Speaker has done in bring­ are going back to work because of this gentleman very much. ing together the principal figures in the agreement and because of the thing Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. present cessation of work in the bitu­ which our honorable Speaker, JoE MAR­ Speaker, will the gentleman Yield? minous coal fields. By his statesmanlike TIN, did in helping to bring about this Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. I yield. intervention he made possible a settle­ settlement which was of such great im­ Mrs. ROGERS of · Massachusetts. 1 ment of the coal strike which threatened portance to the American people. confirm everything the gentleman has to engulf the whole country in economic The SPEAKER. Is there objection to said. Mr. Brown always is willing to chaos, a possibility which this morning the request of the gentleman fromIowa? help with a smile and does it as if he became a reality. To him all the .people There was no objection. were delighted to help you. of the United States owe a debt of grati- Mr. COLE of Missouri STYLES BRIDGES as a third member of the heretofore entered, I may be permitted States, on your timely intervention over trustee board to administer the miners' . to address the House for 20 minutes. the week-end in the settlement of the welfare fund. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to strike: Mr. Speaker, on behalf of not To you, Mr. Speaker, I wish to express the request of the gentleman from Cali­ only the mine workers and their fam­ congratulations in which I am sure every fornia? ilies, but every Citizen of the Twelfth Member of the House joins. There was no objection. Congressional District of Pennsylvania, And to the country, I would say that EDWARD BROWN the heart of the anthracite region, for in this signal act .of constructive service, your timely, courageous, and effective in­ JosEPH MARTIN was doing what we of the Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the tercession in the dispute between "the House have seen him doing for yea,rs­ House for 1 minute. . · mine workers and operators of the bitu­ namely, finding the common denomina­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to minous coal producing fields, which con­ tor of agreement and getting people to troversy also had its effect in the an­ work together for the common good. the request of the gentleman from New Jersey? thracite area and the entire Nation, we That is a pretty valuable quality in There was no objection. indeed commend you. these days of cold wars, at home -and Mr. AUCIDNCLOSS. Mr. Speaker, I It again proves what can be accom­ abroad. take this moment to remind the House plished by an orderly and unemotional EXTENSION OF REMARKS that Mr. Edward Brown, the Superin­ approach to the problems of our times. It is evidence of what can be achieved by Mr. L&~VRE asked and as given tendent of the House Office Buildings, is today 74 years old and is about complet­ collective bargaining in having respect permission to extend .his remarks in the for RECORD and include an article by Mark ing his forty-seventh yeaF of service on the law of the land, the welfare of the Hill. I think I speak for everybody our citizens, and the interests of our be­ Sullivan. loved country. Mr. MORTON asked and was given who has ever come in contact with· Ed Brown in wishing him health and pros­ · Everyone has reason to rejoice at this permission· to extend his remarks in the turn of events, Mr. Speaker. Mere RECORD and include an editorial. perity for many more years of the very useful life which he has thus far led. words are inadequate to express the ap­ Mr. LOVE asked and was given per­ preciation of those who will benefit di­ mission to extend his remarks in the REc­ His never-failing courtesy and cheerful- . ness of heart have always been an in­ rectly and indirectly by your great · pa­ ORD and include an address · delivered by triotic spirit and action in making pos­ Hon. Hafry H. Cook, international presi­ . spiration and an example to all of us. Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, sible settlement of the industrial con­ dent of the American Flint Glass Work­ troversy, which if continued would have ers Union of North America. will the gentleman yield? Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. I yield. had the most serious repercussions at Mr. GWYNNE of Iowa asked and was home· and abroad at a time when we given permission to extend his remarks Mr. REED of New York. I concur in the gentleman's statement. must all work as a team to preserve the in the RECORD and include a report of Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. I thank the rights of free men everywhere. the commissioners of the Black Hawk Mr. Speaker, by your statesmanship Soil Conservation District of Iowa. gentleman very much. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker,. will the you have proven that you have the wel­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota asked gentleman yield? fare of the people of this great country and was given permission to extend his Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. I yield. at heart. Our heartiest thanks to you, remarks in the RECORD and include an · Mr. DONDERO. I want to confirm sir, for your very, very timely inter­ article by Walter Lippmann. everything that the gentleman from New vention. Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Jersey has said. We have had nothing . EXTENSION OF REMARKS unanimous consent to extend my remarks but uniform courtesy from Mr. Brown Mr. BUCK asked and was given per­ in the RECORD and include a statement throughout the years. mission to extend his remarks in the by Senator STYLES BRIDGES at the meet­ Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. I thank the RECORD and include an editorial from the ing of the trustees of the 1947 United gentleman. Christian Science Monitor. Mine Workers . of America welfare and Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, will the retirement fund, Monday, April 12, 1948, gentleman yield? UNION PRESSURE and also the resolution which he intro­ Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. I yield. Mr. BUCK. Mr. .Speaker, I ask unan­ duced and which was adopted at the Mr. O'HARA. I heartily concur in imous consent to address the House for meeting of the trustees of the United what the gentleman from New Jersey has 1 minute and revise ancf 1extend my re- Mine Workers of AmeriCI\ welf~~e and said and join with him in congratulating marks. . ':: 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4325 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to us and that we will need all the strength and Reedy over Station WOL this morning. . the request of the gentleman from New unity and brains we can muster to see the He says: struggle through succ~ssfully. York? And we needn't tell you that a defense MARTIN is now unquestionably a national There was no objection. fund means money. That's why the mem­ figure. He has done something that three Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, the unions bership passed the ass~ssment. Democratic Presidents were UI'lable to do. are levying unwilling tribute from their The knowledge of · what a strong union Without the use of troops, the Federal courts, members to defeat the Taft-Hartley' Act. can do is fresh in the minds of all our mem­ or emotional appeals to t;he public he has I include herewith an April 8 letter bers. That retroactive pay was a useful talked Lewis into negotiating. New Year's present. It wasn't just a bag That is no small feat. President Wilson from a constituent and the tribute letter of peanuts. · had to threaten Lewis with the Army. Presi­ . to which she refers. Please note the So let's get that assessment up fast. Com­ dent Roosevelt had to go over his head and threat contained in the last paragraph of pared with the retroactive pay it is peanuts. appeal directly to the miners. President the union letter: Let us remind you of how it works: $10 for Truman had to go to the Federal courts STATEN ISLAND, N.Y., April 8, 1948. straight 40-hour people; $7.50 for part-timers and get injunction-and heavy fines against Hon. ELLSWORTH B. BucK. of 28 hours; $5 for part-timers who are on him. DEAR SIR: Sometime ago the local No. - 20 hours or for those who were employed MARTIN's success thus puts him up in the of the Retail, Wholesale, and Department since August 1.. f~ont ranks of the country's public figures. Store Union, CIO, which I was forced to join, The deadline for payment is April 14, 1948. He has already been discussed as a possible distributed cards which were printed by them If it is not paid by that date all names will dark horse, in the event the Republican in protest of the Taft-Hartley law. We were be submitted to the executive board for fur- convention should deadlock. Now those dis­ asked to sign our names and send them to ther act~on. _ cussions must be considered more than our Congressmen, which I hesitatingly did.' Fraternally yours, speculation . . I don't agree with them in their interpreta­ ------, President. The full te~t of Mr. Reedy's broadcast tion of the Taft-Hartley law. But it can be EXTENSION OF REMARKS quite uncomfortable working with people who follows: think differently than you ·do. Mr. ELLIS asked and was given per­ Last week Sneaker of the House JoE MAR­ In response to the card I sent to you, I mission to extend his remarks in the · TIN was just another dark horse in the Re­ received literature-on the Taft-Hartley law REcORD and include two letters. publican Presidential stables. Today, he has which enlightened me' further. I am grateful forged to a commanding position in his party, to you for the letter and the folder enclosed. LEND-LEASE, THE BRITISH LOAN, AND where he will have to be given serious Union meetings usually interfere with THE MARSHALL PLAN thoUght when convention time rolls around. meetings at my church, Which to me is· more Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, I ask The transition was sudden and dramatic. important. I pay the $1 fine as penalty for unanimous consent to address the House It came through the month-old, soft-coal not attending. strike, which was threatening to paralyze the At one of these meetings which I hadn't for 1 minute and revise and extend my Nation's industries. Last Saturday morning attended, the Taft-Hartley bill was unde];' remarks. all the· conflicting parties were deadlocked discussion. They decided that as it was The· SPEAKER. · Is there objection to and a settlement seemed impossible. , detrimental to the union, they should raise the request of the gentleman from Min­ MARTIN, entirely on · his own initiative, funds to campaign against it. The voting nesota? stepped into this delicate situation. Within body decided to make an assessment proper- · There was no objection. 2 hours he arranged a conference in his pri­ tionate to the salary of each union member. Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, I too was vate office between the two principal antago­ The constitution of the union states their honored to receive this morning, by air­ nists. They were John L. Lewis, for the mine right to do so. Anyone not complying is workers, and Ezra Van Horn, fo).' the op­ subject to penalty. mail from London, a clipping from the erators. I am enclosing the letter which was sent London Daily Express concerning Ameri­ Neither had spoken to the other in weeks. to me from the union. I contribute regu­ can lend-lease, the British loan, and now, They had fallen out over the administration larly to my church and 1t seems foolish to the Marshall plan. Attached to the clip-· of the mine workers' welfare fund. So bitter continue supporting an organization· whose ping was a card which stated, "With had their argument become that the third methods and ends are contradictory to my Lord Beaverbrook's compliments." trustee for the money had resigned. His religious and political beliefs. However, I Mr. Speaker, I believe the best friends action had endeq the possibility of breaking realize I am obliged to pay the $10 assessment deadlocks. -. . or possibly be fired. But I think you should England had in America were those who MARTIN urged the two men to resume their know about their undemQcratic and unjust voted against the British loan and the .negotiations. He asked them to agree on ~ methods of obtaining power. Marshall plan. It is obvious that even third trustee for the fund, and suggested Thanking you for your interest in this mat­ Lord Beaverbrook feels the same way, for Senator BRIDGES, of New Hampshire, for the ter, I remain ·in his column he states: job. In 13 minutes of fast talking he won Respectfully yours, Even tliough the belief must be reiterated his point. Both accepted. that the loan did nothing but . injury to So, ·for the first time , since the strike Britain and the Empire, and the Marshall started there is a chance for an early settle­ ment. Even if Van Horn and Lewis cannot LOCAL No. -, RETAIL, WHOLESALE ·aid will have the same result. AND DEPARTMENT STORE UNION, reconcile their differences, they are at least. New York, N. Y., April 2, 1948. Those who voted against the British speaking to eac!J. other. In this case, as fong as there is tallt, there is hope. DEAR MEMBER: Nobody likes to be remind­ loan and the Marshall plan refused to ed of money he ·or she o.wes. commit thems-elves to a program, and a But regardless of the outcome, MARTIN is But this is different, very different. This now· unquestionably a national figure. He continued program, of aiding, financing has done something that three Democratic is the kind of debt every union member and perpetuating the present socialistic should be anxious to settle at once; because Presidents were unable to do. Without the it's not a debt, i:eally. It's an investment in government of England. Certainly a u.se of. troops, the Federal courts, or emo­ your future. - great mass of the people of England do tional appeals to the public he has talked By now you know what this letter is about. not concur with the record of that gov­ Lewis into negotiating. We are referring to the assesment that was ernment. After all, the people of Eng­ That is no small feat. President Wilson passed at the last regular membership meet­ land should have the iight to decide the had to threaten Lewis with the· Army. Presi­ ing. _dent Roosevelt had to go over his head and type of government they want to have appeal directly to the miners. President The word "assessment" scares some peo­ without combating the effect of Ameri­ ple-but not our members in this critical Truman had to go to the Federal courts and year. Tb,ey know the score, they know the can dollars in British politics. get an injunction~and heavy fines against dangers ahead, and so most of the members SPEAKER JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR. . him. came through with their contributions to MARTIN'S success thus puts him up in the our fighting defense fund at once. Mr. BREHM. Mr. Speaker, I ask front ranks of the country's public figures. Because that's w~at it is-a fighting de­ unanimous consent to proceed for 1 He has already been discussed as a possible fense fund. minute, to revise and ex.tend ·my re­ dark-horse in the event the Republican Con­ We, like every other union in the country, marks and include the radio broadcast vention should deadlock. Now those discus­ are under attack as never before. That vi­ of commentator Mr. George Reedy sions must be considered more than specu- cious Taft-Hartley law is going to make life which he delivered this morning. lation. · difficult for us and easy for management. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Of course, MARTIN has issued fiat denials In August our union shop goes out ol the the request of the gentleman from Ohio?. that he is a candidate for the Republican ·Window. In Fepruary 1949 our contract ex­ nomination. But he has said that he would pires and we lr1ust have a new contract. There was no objection. not turn it down if both the party and the You don't have to consult a fortuneteller Mr. BREHM. Mr. Speaker, I want to .. people wanted him. In other words, he is to kn?W that the cards are stacked against read part of the comment of ·George · available. • • 4326 CONGRESSIONAt RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 He will certainly go Into the Republican The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The act authorizes the presentation of Convention in a stronger position than any the request of the gentleman from Penn­ certificates and appropriate medals to • other candidate that can be called a dark sylvania [Mr. RieHl? the 16 war correspondents who witnessed horse. Of course, he will have the pledges· of few if any delegates. But at the same time There was no objection. the surrender of the Germans at Reims, he will not have a record of defeats in pri- Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I do not want France, on May 7, 1945, and who kept the maries. · to say anything about what the gentle­ Inilitary secret of that event, in the in­ Then, too, MARTIN's popularity in the ranks man from Massachusetts, JoE MARTIN, terest of saving American lives, despite of_ the Republican Party is great. He has did to stop the coal strike, because I the great temptation to release the story lived and worked in the organization for know he did the country a great service without authorization. most of his.adult life. It is doubtful whether and the country knows it. I do want to When we honor these 16 war corre­ he has made any bitter enemies. It is defi­ spondents we also honor all the men and nite that he has made many friends. say that when Lord Beaverbrook sent His only draw-back as a candidate in ·the this news article which the gentleman women in journalism, for these corre­ past was lack of a national reputation. He from New York EMr. REED] asked to spondents represent the integrity and re­ has certainly made up for that now. The have placed in the RECORD this morn­ sponsibility that characterize and dis­ public will follow with close inter~st the ing, and which you should all read, I tinguish journalism. career of a man who was able to convince think you Members who were so much The resolution expresses the gratitude John L. Lewis he should be reasonable. · interested in ERP, ERP, ERP, shm.ild of the Nation and of the Congress to all MARTIN will still go into the Republican think of the American people and their the men and women on the staffs of press Convention as a dark-horse candidate. But if the leaders deadlock-and there is £very pocketbooks. I hope the chairman of services, individual newspapers, maga­ possibility they will do just that-his name the Committee on Appropriations; the ·zines, and radio broadcasting stations for is certain to come up as soon as compromise gentleman from New York, JoHN TABER, their wartime patriotism. We cannot candidates are discusse<;l. will put the screws down on this appro­ name them all, but we can and most cer­ Meanwhile the guy rates neon monograms priation and keep the money right here tainly should pay our official respects to on his Speaker's gavels. in America, where it belongs, instead of them as a group. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ keeping the socialistic government of We are proud of our newspapers. tleman from Ohio has expired. G;reat Britain in power. Lord Beaver­ We are grateful for the newspapers brook knows it is wrecking Great Britain which are bringing our country's message EXTENSION OF REMARKS with a Socialist government. I wonder to the people in lands which look to us Mr. SCHWABE of Missouri asked and how many Members of this House would for help and guidance. was granted permission to extend his give a nickel to socialize America. Not Let us show our pride and gratitude by remarks in the RECORD in three instances many of you, I ,am sure. I do not think hastening the passage of this act and - and include newspaper articles. there is one of you who would give a resolution. Mr. BUSBEY asked and was granted nickel to make America Socialist, but in Let us give tangible proof of the af­ permission to extend his remarks in the Great Britain you are keeping, by your fection we all truly feel for a free press. Appendix of the RECORD and include an large ERP spending, the Socialist govern­ House Concurrent Resolution- article from the Chicago Herald-Ameri­ ment in power. A great wrong to the Resolved by the House of Representatives can of Tuesday., April 6. people in Britain who believe in the pri­ (the Senate concurring), That phe many men Mr. EBERHARTER asked and was vate-enterprise system of doing things. and women in the organizations of the Asso­ granted permission to extend his re­ I hope the Appropriations Committee ciated Press, the International News Service, marks in the RECORD by inserting in the will stop the ERP by refusing money for the United Press, and other news and pic­ ture services and on the staffs of the Na­ Appendix an address delivered by the the appropriation and saving our Amer­ tion's newspapers, magazines and radio gentleman from Rhode Island [Mr. ican taxpayers billions of dollars in broadcasting companies have served the FORAND] in Philadelphia. taxes by saving our Treasury billions of United .S~ates in a patriotic and beneficial ·SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED additional debt, by saving the British of manner throughout the period embraced by continuation of a socialistic government. World War II. This service in many in­ Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, ,I The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ stances has been beyond the call of ordi­ ask unanimous consent that today, after tleman from Pennsylvania has expired. nary duty and it has shown a general appre­ the disposition of matters on the Speak­ ciation and acceptance of the responsibili­ er's desk and any other special orders RECOGNITION OF THE PRESS ties of good citizenship. . heretofure entered, I may address the Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. That in accordance with the historic policy of tl:_le United States to recognize and pub­ House for 30 minutes. Spea~er, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ licly acknowledge the gatitude of the people The SPEAKER. Is there objection -to dress the House for 1 minute and to re­ and the Government of the ·United States the request ot the gentleman from Penn- vise and extend my remarks, and include for loyal service, the Clerks of the ~enate and sylvania? - a resolution and a bill which I have today the House of Representatives are directed There was no objection. introduced. to issue to the Associated Press, the Inter­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection, to national News Service, and the United Press THE COAL STR~E the request of the gentlewoman from copies of this resolution for themselves and Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask Massachusetts? for distribution to all their members or unanimous consent to address the House There was no objection. clients. for 1 minute; and to revise and extend Mrs. ROGERS of ·Massachusetts. Mr. my remarks. Speaker, I believe the newspapers and H.R.- · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to newspaper men and women af our Be it enacted, etc., That Congress hereby the request of the gentleman from Penn­ declares that the 16 members of the official country and of the countries allied with press group selected by the Chief of the sylvania [Mr. McDowELL]? us in the recent war made an invaluable Public Relations Division of the Allied Ex­ There was no objection. contribution to victory and peace. peditionary Forces to witness the uncondi­ Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, Pitts­ Without their never-failing assistance, tional surrender of the Germans at Rheims, burgh, Pa., the heart of the greatest Selective Service, the War bond cam­ France, on Monday, May 7, 1945, displayed concentration of soft coal in the world, ~aigns, the blood banks, food conserva­ the highest ideals of responsible journalism also expresses its deep ·appreciation and tion, and all our other essential wartime and brought credit to their profession and high gratification about· America's lead­ activities would have beeri immeasurably security to their respective· countries by • ing statesman for his great contribution keeping inviolate the pledge of confidence less successful. and military secrecy imposed upon ~hem by to the safety and security of America. It is no exaggeration for me to say that the Chief of the Public Relations Division My coal mlners thank him. From the most of the men and women in the news­ of the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied rock-ribbed coast of the old Bay State to paper profession served their country in Expeditionary Forces. · the sun-kissed shores of California, a a manner that deserves the highest That Congress further declares that in ac­ new star has risen in the political firma­ recognition and reward. cordance with the historic policy of the ment. · I therefore ask the support of the Con­ United States to recognize and publicly to ERP acknowledge the gratitude of the people and gress for an act and resolution which I Government of the United States for patriotic Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ am sponsoring jointly with Senator service, that certificates an<:J_ itiedals in recog­ mous consent to proceed for 1 minute, ARTHUR CAPPER, of Kansas, himself a nition of their integrity and service be and to revise and extel!d my remarks. great newspaperman. awarded to James I. Kilgallen, of the In- 1948 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-HOUSE 4327 ternational News Service; Boyd Lewis, of EXTENSION OF REMARKS California interests try these same tac­ United Press, W. W. Chaplln, of the National ·tics. Broadcasting System; Charles Collingwood, Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, I of the Columbia Broadcasting System, Paul ask unanimous consent to extend my In press releases issued yesterday, Manning, of the Mutual Broadcasting Sys­ remarks in the Appendix and insert a Arizona is accused of raiding California tem; Herbert Clark, of the Blue Network, statement made by Hon. Albert J. Fitz­ to gain a water project for Arizona. The Margaret Ecker, of the Canadian Press; Ger­ gerald, president of the UER, MW, and accusations are clearly deceptive. It is a ald Clark, of the Canadian Broadcasting the CIO to the Ways and Means Commit­ well known fact that practically the;en- Co.; Sgt. Ross Parry, of the Canadian Army tee on November 21, 1947, on the subject . tire State of Arizona is within the Colo­ publication, Maple Leaf; Omar White, of the of taxation of farmers' cooperative asso­ rado River Basin. The streams of Australian Press, Jean Lagr~nge, of the French Press; H. C. Taylor, of Reuters; ciations. Arizona make up a large part of the flow Thomas Cadett, of the British Broadcasting Mr. Speaker, this statement should of the Colorado River. The Colorado Co.; Sgt. Charles Kiley, of the United States have been printed in the hearings, but River runs from the northern part of Army publication, Stars and Stripes; Drew through some mischance it was omitted. Arizona through a great portion of the Middleton, of the New York Times; and That is the reason I am asking that it be State and then forms the boundary be­ John O'Reilly, of the New York Herald put in the Appendix of the RECORD today. tween Arizona. and California. Cali­ Tribune. The SPEAKER. Without objection, fornia contributes practically nothing in SECTION 1. The medal aruthorized by this the way of water to this great river. And act shall be known as the Medal of Journal­ the request is granted. ism and shall be in such form and of such There was no objection. Arizona has had to fight a bitter battle design and material as shall be prescribed by Mr. BROOKS asked and was given per­ · with the politically and financially strong the President. mission to extend his remarks in the Ap­ California in order to get something out SEc. 2. The sum of $500 is hereby appro­ pendix of the RECORD in two separate of the Colorado River. priated for the payment of all expenses in­ instances, in one to include an address Thus far,· Arizona's share out of this cident to the creation and awarding of the by Secretary of the Treasury .John Snyder great river has been a pittance. Cali­ certificates anc;l medals authorized by this ·at a recent meeting of the Red River fornia has had a lion's share. Now act. Valley Association at Shreveport, La., and California interests try to tell the world SEVENTY -GROUP AIR FORCE in the second a brilliant statement made that the. poor little State of Arizona is Mr. KILDAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask this morning by Secretary of Defense trying to steal the Colorado River from unanimous consent to address the House James Forrestal before the Armed Serv­ the great big State of California. At this for 1 minute and to revise and extend ices Committee of the House of Repre­ time California is receiving not only the my remarks. sentatives. greater portion of the power produced at The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and was the dams of the Colorado River but is the request of the gentleman from Texas given permission to extend his remarks in a:Iso receiving virtually all the water di­ [Mr. KILDAY]? the RECORD and include a resolution. verted from the river. In order to sabo­ There was no objection. Mr. ENGLE of California asked and tage· Arizona's efforts to get a portion of Mr. . KILDAY. Mr. Speaker, the sup­ was given permission to extent his own its rightful share of the river, California plementary estimate submitted by the remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD interests attack Arizona. It is the old Bureau of the Budget for the Air Force in two separate instances. Hitler method of libeling and blasting in is insufficient. We must make up our Mr. FORAND asked and was given per­ order to cover up the sins of the real minds now whether we want a seventY­ mission to extend his remarks in the thief. group Air Force. If we do, the supple­ RECORD and include a letter that appeared Arizona's proposal to take water into mental appropriation must provide $2,- in the Washington Post last Saturday. central Arizona will be self-liquidating. 388,000,000 additional, with one billion Mr. COLMER Illinois? be welcomed. America and abroad and abandon this · There was no objectiqn. Some day our dispute with Soviet Rus­ ·socialized foreign policy that we are now Mr. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, the peo­ sia must be settled. I believe it can still engaged, in. Cheap dollars in a global ple of my district, the State of Illinois, be. settled· peacefully and without ap­ dole are not working. They cannot work and, I am sure, the whole Nation, are peasement. World peace with freedom because they support Socialist cabinets proud of the effective, quiet, modest ~c­ is too important to permit protocol, face­ that are self-defeating and serve to liq­ ·compli.shment of our Speaker in settlmg saving or anything else but honor, to uidate recovery itself. the coal strike. · stand in the way. . Is it possible that South American Speaker JoE MARTIN'S stature and Such a move by the President of the countries are spurning our State Depart­ statesmanship are today the highest in United States would be greeted with.ac­ ment's offer of $500,000,0.00, because they our Nation. . claim throughout the world and I be­ wanted to play a full and constructive Mr. CROW. Mr. Speaker, I askunani­ lieve such a conference could succeed. part in European recovery? They are mous consent to address the House for · EXTENSION OF REMARKS cooperating nations. They asked no 1 minute and to revise and extend my Mr.' LODGE asked and was given per­ doles. .remarks. mission to exten$1 his remarks in the Congress had to take China away from The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Appendix of the RECORD and include a the management of the State Depart­ the request of the gentleman from newspaper article. .ment, a product of a bipartisan foreign Pennsylvania? HON. JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR. policy. A two-party system of govern.:. There was no objection. ment in foreign affairs is clearly indi­ · Mr. CROW. Mr. Speaker, coming Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN.· Mr. cated. We must have a party of faith in from the bituminous coal region of Penn­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to restoration through free commerce and sylvania-and about all we have in my address the House for 1 minute. trade. It will make laws to facilitate re­ district is bituminous coal, I cannot fore­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to covery in the world. The present biparti­ go the opportunity to add my remarks to the request- of the gentleman from ·san policy of functioning in business those 'that. have been made on the floor Minnesota? through statism violates our fundamen­ of the House this morning and to assure There was no objection; tal concepts of freedom and is sure to our distinguished Speaker that the peo­ Mr; H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. fail. · ple of my district· are. very grateful for Speaker, it seems to me that JoE MARTIN HON. JOSEPH W. ¥ARTIN, JR. the statesmanlike actions of the Speaker is no longer a dark horse, but is very Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ of this House to· settle the coal strike. much in the limelight. If we team up imous consent to address the House for . Mr. Spea~er, you have been recom­ Harold Stassen and JoE MARTIN, we will 1 minute. mended very highly this morning for have a ticket that will sweep the Nation The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the Presidency of the United States. In in November. the request of .the gentleman from Wis­ this connection_, I merely want to _ask OUR FOREIGN POLICY consin? the question: Where is the First Lady? Mr. .GWINN q_f New York. Mr. There was no objection. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Speaker, I · ask unanimo:us · consent to Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I got off Mr. BRYSON. Mr. •speaker, I ask address the House for 1 minute and to the train this morning after spending the unanimous consent to addreEs the House revise and extend my remarks. · week end out in the Mttlwest. I want 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4329 to say to you, Mr. Speaker, and to my There was no objection. our able Speaker concerning his fine ac­ colleagues in the House, that when word The Senate amendments were con­ complishment. I do not know that it came over the radio and through the curred in. would become me to endorse him for press that the Speaker had intervened 4 motion to reconsider was laid on the President, being a Democrat, and I did in the solution of the problems out of table. not rise for that purpose. I rise to say which grew this coal strike, it was like THOMAS JEFFERSON this, that while we take cognizance of the a breath of clean, frf!sh air spreading fact that we have had one man great over that whole area. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, tomor­ enough to settle the crippling coal strike I want you to know, Mr. Speaker, that row will be the two hundred and fifth an­ that we, as Members of Congress, should the people of the great Midwest. where niversary of the birth of Thomas Jeffer­ realize that there should not be one man ·I come from are looking to you to take son, to my mind the greatest statesman of all time. I ask unanimous consent great and powerful. enough to cause the the lead in the solution of some other coal strike. That is our responsibility, problems that need attention. ·They that on tomorrow, after the reading of the Journal and the disposition of mat­ the responsibility of the Congress of the have confidence that you will approach United States, and not the Speaker. the solution of those problems and solve ters on the Speaker's table, some,one ap­ pointed by ttie Speaker may read Jeffer­ How long will we permit John L. Lewis to them in the same direct magnanimous flaunt his despotic power in our faces? manner that enabled you to bring about son's first inaugural address. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The strike is settled buj; the cause is still solution of the coal strike. with us. I congratulate you, sir, and so far as I the request of the gentleman from Mis­ am concerned it is no news when I say sissippi? HON. JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR. that for ~ year and a half the man who There was no objection. Mr. EATON. Mr. Speaker, I ask sits in the Speaker's chair I felt should HON. JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR. unanimous consent to address the House grace the White House. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask for 1 minute: AMENDING PARAGRAPH 1803 (2) OF THE unanimous consent to address the House The SPEAKER. Is there objection to TARIFF 'ACT OF 1930 RELATING TO for 1 minute and to revise and extend my the request of the gentleman from New FIREWOOD AND OTHER WOODS remarks. Jersey? There was no objection. Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I ask unanimous consent to take from the the request of the gentleman from Mis­ Mr. EATON. Mr. Speaker, I wish to ·Speaker's desk the bill tained unanimous consent that York? the laudable remarks this morning about tomorrow, the anniversary of Jefferson's 4330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12

birth, the Speaker designate some Mem~ With the following committee amend- COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION ment: · ber to read his address. I hope that not ·Mr. LEC9MPTE. Mr. Speaker, by di~ only the gentleman himself but all the Line 2, after the comma following the rection of the Committee on House Ad~ Members will take to heart that which word "concurring", insert th~ words "That ·ministration, I offer a privileged resolu­ Thomas Jefferson believed and advo­ there be printed as a House document and." 't:ated. The gentleman from Mississippi tion, House Itesolution 508, and ask for also congratulated the Speaker, as did The committee amendment was its immediate copsideration. so many Republicans, on account of the agreed to. The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ part he played in the adjustment of the The · concurrent resolution was lows: coal strike. I join other Members in agreed to. Resolved~ That· the expenses of the inv~sti­ congratulating you in bringing about this A motion to reCOJ:\Sider was laid on gations to be conducted by the Special com­ adjustment; and at the same time I want the table. mittee created by H. Res. 461, not to ex­ to congratulate the miners in obtaining COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE AND ceed $40,000, including expenditures for the employment of investigators, attorneys, and a pension of $10tl a .month at the age of CIVIL SERVICE 62 years, which seems to meet with gen~ clerical, stenographic, arid other . assistants, eral approvaL Perhaps the action of the Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. . Speaker, by shall be paid out of the contingent fund Attorney General has been instrumental direction of the Committee on House of the House on vouchers authorized by such to some degree in bringing about the ad~ Administration, I offer a privileged reso­ committee, signed by the chairman of such justment. However, I wonder whether lution, House Resolution 330, and ask for committee, and approved by the Committee all of the Republicans would have so . its immediate consideration. on House Administration. unanimously approved of the miners The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ The resolution was agreed to. gaining their pension, for which they lows: A motion to reconsider was laid on the were obliged to strike, if some Democrat, Resolved, Tpat the expenses of conducting table. instead of the Speaker, had been instru~ the studies and investigation,s authorized by INVESTIGATION OF PUBLICITY AND mental in bringing about the adjust~ House Resolution 176, Eightieth Congress, PROPAGANDA. IN GOVERNMENT DE­ ment. ' incurred by th~ Committee on Post Office Mr. Speaker, I regret exceedingly and Civil Service, ac:ting as a whole or by PARTMENTS AND AGENCIES subcommittee, further amounts not to exceed that the gentleman from Mississippi has, Mr. LECOMPTE~ Mr. Speaker, by in view of the remarks he made a short $25,000, including expenditures for printing direction of the Committee on House while ago with respect to whom the and binding, employment of such experts, and such clerical, stenographic, and . other Administration, I offer a privileged reso­ White House lady should be in the event assistants, shall be paid out of the contingent lution, House Resolution 517, and ask for the Speaker assumed the Presidency, re­ fund of the House on vouchers authorized by ferred by implication to Mrs. Eleanor its immediate consideration. said committee and signed by the chairman The Clerk read the resolution, as Roosevelt unkindly. · I feel that such is of the committee and approved by the Com­ ungallant and will be resented by mil­ mittee on House Administration. follows: lions of the American people. · As the SEC. 2. The official committee . reporters . Resolved, That the further expenses of con- widow of the late President who 3 years may be 11:Sed at all hearings held in the . ducting the studies and investigations with ago sacrificially departed this life in the District of Columbia, if not otherwise respect to publicity and propaganda in the interest of our country, in the interest oftlcially engaged. Government departments and agencies au­ of Jeffersonian democracy, and human­ thorized by rule XI (1) (h) inc1,1rred by the ity, it is generally conceded that she The resolution was agreed to. Committee on Expenditures in the Execu­ played an important part ir;t his official A motion to reconsider was laid on tive Departments, acting as a whole or by the table. subcommittee, not to exceed $50,000 addi- life and materially aided him in his· fight . tional, including expenditures for the em- · for freedom, peace, and the betterment COMMI'ITEE ON EXPENDITURES IN THE ployment of such experts, special counsel, of mankind. Since :.;he is continuing EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS clerical, stenographic, and other assistants, with outstanding results her efforts to Mr. LECOMPTE;. Mt~ Speaker, by di~ ·shall be paid out of the 'contingent funds of aid in eliminating human di~crimination the House on vouchers authorized by such in our country and is tirelessly devoting rection of the Committee on House Ad~ committee or subcommittee and signed by 'herself to effecting peace and helping the ministration, I offer a privileged reso~ the chairman of the committee or subcom­ underprivileged class, it must be ac­ lution, ·House Resolution 481, and ask mittee, and approved by the Committee on knowledged that she is a woman 'of abil­ for its immediate consideration. House Administration. ity and superlative attainments. She is The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ The resolution was agreed to. unselfishly carrying on the policies for· lows: A motion to reconsider was laid on .the which her late beloved husband worked Resolved, That the expenses of conducting table. to the last minute of his life, and, there­ the studies and investigations authorized fore, as I said before, I do regret that by rule XI (h) (1), Eightieth Congress, in­ COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND. LABOR the gentleman from Mississippi or any~ curred by the Committee on Expenditures in Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, by one else should be so unkind, though she the Executive Depar.tments ac~ing as a whole or for such em.ergency subcommittees directi<>n of the Committee on House may advocate things the gentleman from as may be created by the direction of the Administration, I offer a privileged reso­ Mississippi may not approve but which chairman, not to exceed $50,000, including lution, House Resolution 518, and ask for she believes are fair and just and for the expenditures for the employment of such it~ immediate consideration. best interest of the country, as to refer experts, special counsel, and such clerical, The Clerk read the resolution, as to her unkindly. stenographic, and other assistants, shall be follows: COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS paid out of the contingent fund of the House Resolved, That the further expenses of con­ on vouchers authorized by said committee, Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, by ducting the studies and investigations au­ signed by the chairman of the said com­ thorized by House Resolution 111, Eightieth direction of the Committee on House mittee, and approved by the Committee on I Congress, incurred by the Committee on Edu­ Administration, offer a privileged reso­ House Administration. cation and Labor, acting as a whole or by lution, House Concurrent Resolution 154, SEc. 2. The official reporters ma1 be used subcommittee, not to exceed $50,000 addi­ and ask for its immediate consideration. at all hearings held in the District of Co­ tional, including expenditures for the em­ lumbia, if not otherwise oftlcially engaged. The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ ployment of such exp~rts, clerical, steno­ lows: With the following committee amend­ graphic, special counsel, and other assistants, Resolved by the House of Representatives ment: shall be paid out of the contingent fund of (the Senate concurring), That there be the House on vouchers authorized ·by said printed 15,000 additional copies each of the Strike out "$50,00.Q'; and insert "$5,000." committee, signed by the chairman thereof, ' report and supplements 1 and 2 of the Sub­ The committee amendment was agreed and approved by the Committee on House committee on National and International Administration·. Movements of the Committee on Foreign to. Affairs, entitled .''The Strategy and Tactics The resolution was agreed to. The resolution was agreed to. of World Communism," for the u.se of the A motion to reconsider was laid on the A motion to reconsider was laid on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. ·· table. table. "· ·":

1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4331

STATUE OF WILLIAM E. BORAH PERMISSION TO EXTEND REMAR~S AT The grounds for this order were that the Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, by di­ THIS POINT alien was in the United States in violation rection of the Committee on House Ad­ Mr. LEWIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ of the act of 1917 in that at the time of entry .he was afflicted with a dangerous ministration, I offer a privile~ed resolu­ imous consent to extend my remarks at tion, Senate Concurrent Resolution 18, this. point in the RECORD. contagious disease, and that at the time and ask for its immediate consideration. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of entry he was an immigrant not in pos­ the request of thP, gentleman from Ohio. session of a valid immigration visa. He The Clerk read the resolution as was employed as a seaman for several follows: There was no objection. Mr. LEWIS. Mr. Speaker, there has years before deserting his ship and has Resolved by the Senate (the House of R ep­ no relatives in the United States. The resentatives concurring), That there be been brought to my attention the fact printed, with illustrations, and bound in that the Public Housing Authority has quota to which he is chargeable has been such form and style as may be direct ed by recently discovered that they have an oversubscribed for a number of years to the Joint Committee on Printing, 5,900 unexpended surplus of $10,000,000 which come. copies of the proceedings held in connection they did not know they had when they This young man has related a story of with the unveiling of the statue of former asked Congress for $35,000,000 more to suffering and persecution at the hands Senator William E. Borah in Statuary Hall, complete the reuse housing. Appar­ of the German Gestapo in his native Capitol Building, Washington, D. C., on June ently thei"r books were in such bad con­ land, which arouses. a natural sympathy 6, 1947, together with :;;uch other matter as may be relevant thereto, of which 1,250 copies dition that they were unable to tell ex­ in his behalf. His situation, however, is shall be for the use of the Senate, 3,750 copies actly how much money they had unex­ not unlike thousands of others through­ for the use of the House of Representatives, pended. In addition, their estimate of . au£ the world who .are seeking a haven and 900 copies shall be for the use and dis-: $35,000,000 was some $10,000,000 in ex­ in the United States, but who are obliged tribution of the Se:qators and Representatives cess of what they really needed so that to await their turn under established im­ in Congress from the State of Idaho. they now have a surplus, I understand, migration quotas. To grant the special, The Joint Committee on Pri):lting is hereby of $20,000,000 which should be turned out-of-turn privilege proposed by this authorized to have the copy preparea for back into the United States Treasury. the Public Printer and shall procure suitable measure would postpone the entry of Under present plans, however, and prob­ som~ other hopeful Polish person right­ illustrations to be published with these ably in order to prevent the necessity of proceedings. fully awaiting the opportunity to enjoy admitting their mistakes in bookkeeping, the blessings of a new life in this coun­ The concurrent resolution was agreed they are about to try to spend this enor­ try. to. mous sum on such things as storm win­ dows and other refinements on· tempo­ For these reasons I am obliged to with­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the hold approval of the bill. table .. rary houses already built. The Committee on Banking and Cur­ HARRY TRUMAN. PROCEEDINGS AT UNVEILING OF PLAQUE rency· or. the Appropriations Committee, THE WHITE HOUSE, April12, 1948. COMMEMORATING THE DISCOVERY OF it seems to me, should immediately look THE TELEGRAPH· into this matter and demand that the The SPEAKER. The objection of the Mr. LECOMPTE. · Mr. Speaker, by di­ $20,000,000 be returned to the Treasury President will be spread at large upon rection of the Committee on House Ad­ before PHA spends it uselessly. the Journal, and the message and bill re­ ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary ministration, I desire to call up House VETO MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF and ordered printed. Resolution 526, and asl{ for its immediate THE UNITED STATES FOR THE RELIEF consideration. · OF VICTOR C. KAMINSKI (H. DOC. LESLIE PRICE ET AL.-VETO MESSAGE The Clerk read the resolution, as NO. 607) (H. DOC. NO. 608) follows: The SPEAKER laid before the House The SPEAKER laid before the House Resolved, That the proceedings held in the the following veto message from the the following veto message from the Capitol of the United States at the unevil­ President of the United States, which was President of the United States, which was ing of the plaque commemorating the cen­ read by the Clerk: read by the Clerk: tennial of the telegraph be printed, with an illustration, as a House document; and that 'JJo the House ot Representatives: To the House ot Representatives: 5,000 additional copies be printed, of which 2,000 copies shall be for the use of the Senate I return herewith, without my ap­ I return herewith, without my · ap­ and 3,000 copies shall be for the use of the proval, (he enrolled bill

'· 4332 _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 which was · already passing ·the intersec- · The SPEAKER. The objection of the the continuation of a satisfactory rate tion. An automobile owned by Mrs. Les­ President will be spread at large upon the of economic -progress. In this respect, lie Price and operated by her husband, Journal·, and the message and bill re- we must fairly recognize that the econ­ Philip 0. Price, in which Mrs. Price, Mrs. ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary o~ies of t~ other American Republics Louise Keyton, James Curry, . and his and -ordered printed. are relatively undeveloped. In these 1 wife, Mrs. Annie Curry, were riding as - AKIKO TSUKADO - MILLER-VETO MES- · countries, natural resources are abundant passengers, was proceeding north on sAGE (H. noc. NO. 609) but the expansion of production has been United States Highway No. 1 and ap­ restricted due to the lack of capital and proached the stopped Army truck from The SPEAKER laid before the House of modern production methods.. Produc­ the rear around a right-:.. hand curve. As the following veto message from the tion can be increased only by means of · the civilian automobile neared the Army President of the United States, which a considerable volume of capital in- truck, Mr. Price turned to the left side was read by the Clerk: vestme-nt · in transportation and power of the·highway to pass the truck and as To the House of Representatives: facilities, processing plants and other he did so his car collided head-on with an . I r~turn herewith, without my ap- installations. oncoming Army command car, the sev­ 2347 To some extent the need for capital enth or eighth unit in the south..:bound proval, the enrolled. bill etween the people of the United States regions. sustained by these claimants was the and our neighbors to the south. This Above all, it is in our mutual interest negligence of the civilian driver .. friendship has been marked by cultural to assist the American Republics to con­ In the light of all the facts and cir­ and economic association and close tinue their economic progress, which can cumstances surrounding this accident cooperation. The people of the United contribute so much to the cooPerative there is no justifiable basis for an ap­ States have strongly supported the policy strength of the independent American propriation for the relief of these claim­ .of the good neighbor and have a special Republics. . ants; Ther,efore, while deeply regrettip.g regard for the peoples of the countries . I request the Congress, ·therefore, "to this unfortunate ·occurrence, I am c_on­ to the south of us. give favorable CQnsideration to the pro- -strained to withhold my approval .from The United States l}.as long recognized' posed increase in the lending authority the bill. the importance of economic and political -of the Export-Import Bank. HARRY S. TRUMAN. stability in the Western Hemisphere. · HAR!&, s. TRuMAN. THE WHITE HOUSE, April12, 1948. Such stability rests substantially upon THE WHITE HousE, Aprrtl 8, 1948. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4333 FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY ACT OF 1948 could put the entire American popula­ sippi, the · ranking minority member Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, when tion on rubber today and move them from , [Mr. WHITTINGTON], who has never failed the House adjourned last Thursday it one State to another. to make his contribution of a construc­ had adopted House Resolution 521 for The funds are divided exactly the tive nature in the preparation of this the consideration of the bill H. R. 5888. same as they were under the old Road and other legislation, a sincere vote of I therefore move that the House re­ Act, namely, 45 percent for projects on thanks. solve itself into the Committee of the Federal highways systems, 30 percent on Mr. CASE . of South Dakota. Mr. Whole House on the State of the Union principal secondary and feeder roads and Chairman, will the gentleman yield? for the consideration of the bill H. R. 25 percent on the Federal-aid highway Mr. DONDERO. I yield to the gentle­ system in urban areas. Members of the 5888, to amend ~ md supplement the Fed­ man from South .Dakota. eral-Aid Road Act approved July 11, House who come from the large populous Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. 1916 (39 Stat. 355), as amended and sup­ cities of the Nation, I mean large cities, Chairman, .I would like to say that those plemented, to · authorize appropriations I am sure will be greatly interested, be­ of us who have been interested in road for continuing the construction of high­ cause it assists the cities in constructing matters and have followed the endeavors ways, and for other purposes. the main highways that lead in and out of the Public Works Committee, deeply The motion was agreed to. of tlle ·great populous centers of the appreciate the constructive work that Accordingly the House resolved itself United States. In addition to that there · the committee as a whole has· done on into the Committee of the Whole House are $25,000,000 annually for the years this bill. There are some notable im­ on the State of the Union for the con­ 1950, 1951, and 1952 for forest highways; provements, particularly in the language $12,500,000 annually for 3 years for forest which relates to that portion of the bill sideration of the bill H. R. 5888, with Mr. development roads; $4,250,000 annually BYRN~s of Wisconsin in the chair. dealing with the secondary roads over for 3 years for:the maintenance of trails, prior acts on Federal aid. . · ' The Clerk read the title of the bill. inclusive of necessary bridges, in na­ By unanimous consent, the first read­ tional parks, monuments, and other . This bill establishes for the f:l~·st time ing of the bill was dispensed with. areas; $10,000,000 annually for access to the definition that the term "secondary Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I national parks and national monuments and feeder roads" shall include county yield myself 10 minutes. and $6,000,000 . for Ind!an reservation and township roads. However, in read­ Mr. Chairman, nearly 55 Y,ears ago in roads and trails. . · ing the bill it appears to me that the text the city of Chicago, Ill., there Wl\S held That is the substance of the bill . . I does it for the purposes of this act and what was known as the World Colum .. do not know of any argument or dis­ subsequent acts; Now, it has come to my bian Exposition. Over the golden door­ senting opinion in opposition to it. I do attention that there are many States way of the Transportation Building at not think it is. necessary for me to say where the secondary road allotment that -exposition · was inscribed these ·that the winter of 1947-48 was one of funds have,not been used because of vari­ words: "There be three things that make the most sever~· and hard winters that - ous difficulties, lack of time, lack of a nation great and pr.osperous-a fertile we have had in this Nation in many matching funds, lack of personnel, and soil, busy workshops, easy conveyance for years, ·and as a result of that the high­ so forth. The extension. of secondary man and· goods from place to place."­ ways and roads of this country are now funds to county and township roads will Bacon. · · in a bad state of repair: I think I ought increase the possible matches, so to The bill before the House today intends to mention that the roads necessarily speak, for this and future .. programs . . to promote and extend the third of these were neglected somewhat because of the But what about the unexpended portions three great things that make a nation years . of the war when attention could of existing allotments? I am wondering great and prosperous, namely, easy con- not be given to them. This bill is to if there would be any objection on the . veyance for men and goods from place carry forward the program in .order to part of the c.ommittee to amending that to place. . · repair the roads and bring the highway paragraph on page 2 extending the sec­ The Committee on Public Works brings system of the United States to a very ondary road provisions of the ·Federal to the floor of the House H. R. 5888 with h~gh level. aid act to make it read "except .that for an unanimous report. . There is no dis­ Mr. CUNNINGHAM: Mr. Chairman, the purposes of any act relating to· the senting opinion. The bill is plain in its will the gentleman yield? · postwar construction" and so forth, so language. It simply provides, as the Mr. DONDERO. I yield to the gentle- as to make this 'definition of secondary gentleman from Iowa so ably explained man from Iowa. · and feeder roads include county and to the House last Thursday, for a con­ township roads, on any unexpended Mr. CUNNINGHAM. I want to thank 1 tinuation of the national road program the gentleman for his splendid presen­ funL~s now existing as well as future for a period of 3 years and extends it tation and ask him if he does not agree appropriations under the authorizations through the years 1950, 1951, and 1952. · with me when I say that this is an herein created. It provides $500,000,000 a year for three American bill? It is for the welfare of Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, will the ye~rs to be allocated and apportioned all the people of the United States, just gentleman yield? among the 48 States, this money to be as the act that our beloved Speaker . .Mr. DONDERO. I yield. met by matching funds by the States for performed Saturday was for the welfare Mr. STEFAN. Are you going to take the purpose of building new ·roads and of all of our people. While I am on my . some time to discuss that and offer an perfecting the-road system of the United feet, in answer to the gentleman who amendment, or are you going. to ask the States. wondered where the first lady would be, committee to accept it? It may be of some interest to know that I would say that the first lady will prob­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I was in this country we have 3,330,000 miles ably be, as she always has been-all the hoping that perhaps the committee of good roads, including the paved streets people of the United States. The wel­ might agree that that was their inten­ in the cities. Eliminating the streets in fare of all the -people has always been tion and their purpose and that they the cities and towns. the United States close to the heart of our beloved Speaker. might frame a committee amendment to has 1,300,000 miles of good paved roads. Mr. DONDERO. I appreciate the gen­ cover it; otherwise I would seek to offer That is enough ·paved road to girdle this tleman's contribution. · such an amendment. earth 51 times. In my own State of May I add at this time my apprecia­ Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, will Michigan we have more good roads than the gentleman yield? they have in all of -Russia. tion for the splendid presentation that Coming from the State of Michigan as the gentleman addressing the .·House Mr. DONDERO. I yield. I do, where the capital of the automobile · niadc of this bill last Thursday. The Mr. McGREGOR. In reply to the industry is situated, quite naturally· I am gentleman frQm Iowa is the chairman of gentleman from South Dakota, I happen intensely interested that the Nation's the Roads Committee of the Committee to be the author of the amendment that roads be improved and extended, because on Public Works and as such has devoted is being discussed. It was the complete of the 37,000,000 registered automobiles a great deal of time and attention to the intent of the author, and I think the in the United States . . We have the preparation of this bill. We owe him intent. of the Subcommittee on Roads as greatest system of highways and roads and his colleagues on that committee on well as the intention of the full commit­ in the entire world. We have one car for both sides of the aisle, including our very tee, that the Fed~ral Works Agency and every four people of the Nation. We able colleague from the State of Missis- all previous acts would be taken care of r 4334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 bY this act. We :::imply wanted to Mr. STEFAN. 1 have talked· to the in at the instance of the gentleman from amend .the language in the previous leg­ distinguished chairman of this commit­ South Dakota [Mr. CAsE~. who offered an islation relative to the 1944 Highway Act. tee, Mr. CUNNINGHAM; and the gentleman · amendment on the ft.oor in December We had the legislative counsel draft the from ·Iowa was very anxious to put 1944 which was adopted by the House amendment and it was categoried under something in the bill, at my suggestion, at that figure. The committee carried the words "this act." I think I am cor­ that would actually get some of these it on at the same figure that was put in rect in that statement. farm-to-market roads constructed. If at that time. Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman,. the gentleman is satisfied that with the Mr. MURDOCK. I want to commend will the gentleman yield? assurance of the members of the commit­ the committee for that. I wish it might Mr. DONDERO. I Yield. tee, no amendment is necessary, I would have been more. . ' Mr. CUNNINGHAM. The gentleman go along with him. But if you think an Mr. HOBBS. Mr. Chairman, will the from Ohio is correct. The 2-year grace amendment is necessary to strengthen it, gentleman yield? period which is in the preserit law will so as to bring about a construction of Mr. DONDERO. I yield. give the Public Roads Administration the these farm-to-market roads, I would go Mr. HOBBS. I wish to join the distin­ right to so construe it and according to along with you on that. guished gentleman from South Dakota the testimony before nur committee, it is Mr. DONDERO. May I say to the .gen­ in his blanket tribute to all of the chair­ my understanding that that is what it tleman from South Dakota that the com­ men and the members of this committee intends to do. I do not believe any mittee devoted more time to the Ian- · that have brought. in this bill. I would amendment as suggested by the gentle­ guage which was proposed by the gentle­ like to ask the gentleman two questions, man from South Dakota is necessary. · man from Ohio than perhaps any other if I may. Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, section of the entire bill. The gentle­ I understand that this·- extend~ the will the gentleman yield? man from Ohio is entitled to a great appropriation of the 1944 act for grade A Mr. DONDERO. I yield. deal of credit for putting into this bill highways of the Federal-aid type, and Mr. WHITTINGTON. It strikes me language which would encourage the im­ that will not expire on June 30. that the very language of the act where provement of these·· township roads Mr. DONDERO. It will not. It ex­ they use the language "Federal High way which come, of course, under the high­ tends the entire highway program for 3 . Act of 1944," including county· and way system of the United States. years more until 1952 .. township roads settles the matter. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. It cer­ Mr. HOBBS. That was my under_. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I thought tainly was a very constructive contribu­ standing, - so too in reading that portion of it, but I tion to the act, because I think · every The CHAIRMAN. The time of the . went back and read the earlier part of Member of the House wants to see some gentleman has again expired. the paragraph where it states "except of these roads -get out to where the peo- : Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman. I for the -purposes of this act and all sub- · pie live. I am for it so .strongly that I yield myself one additional minute. sequent acts." I was just a little afraid want county and township roads made Mt. HOBBS. I understand the Fed- . that that might be interpreted to mean eligible for existing funds as wen as those eral Good Roads Bureau bas nothing to that it included only the funds appro­ to be appropriated· in the future. do with State parks, but inasmuch as the priated under the authorization of this Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, will the State parks were built by the Federal act. gentleman yield? Government, and some of them are lo­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. It does provide Mr. DONDERO. I yield. . cated in national forests, I hope the gen­ for this and subsequent acts. In addi­ Mr. BENDER. I want to commend the tleman can assure us that there will be tion to that, it amends the act so as to chairman of the committee, the ge·ntle- · sympathetic consideration of the coop­ make it retroactive to those funds that man from Michigan [Mr. DoNDERo] for erative protection that will give us public have not been allocated. his diligence and painstaking efforts to roads to them. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Certainly see to it that the taxpayer gets his Mr. DONDERO. I am sure that will I woUld agree that the statement of money's worth. This is a fine bill. The be so. the gentleman from Ohio who appar­ absence of opposition to the bill is a · Mr. HOBBS. I thank the gentleman. ently offered the language in committee, testimony of the way Congress feels The CHAIRMAN. The . time of the together with the statement of the gen­ about his work and the work of the gentleman has again expired. tleman from Iowa, who is chairman of chairman of the Roads Committee, the Mr.· CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, . the subcommittee, which I understand gentleman from Iowa rMr. CUNNINGHAM]. I yield such time as he may desire to the worked out the bill, and the statement I also want to commend my colleague, gentleman from Oregon [Mr. ANGELL]. of the gentleman from Mississippi, the the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Mc­ Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Chairman, this bill, ranking minority member, that such was GREGOR]. You have properly stated the H. R. 5888, is a substitute for H. R. 4867 the intent. It would be difficult for the case in giving him credit for looking after ~nd H. R. 4868, upon which extensive lawyers or the General Accounting Office secondary roads. This issue was dis­ hearings were held by the Public Works to construe it otherwise. With these cussed very fully by the full committee Committee, of which I am a member. In positive statements on the part of the ·as well as the subcommittee and adequate· effect, with some modifications, it con­ gentleman on the ft.oor of the House dur­ provision was made. I compliment our tinues the 3-year, post-war Federal-aid ing the consideration. of this bill that chairman [Mr. DoNDERO] for his splendid highway program under whi_ch we are should be the way the language will be leadership. now operating, for an additional 3-year construed. I appreciate the expressions Mr. DONDERO. I thank the gentle­ period with authorizations for appro­ which have been made. man for his statement. · priations of $500,000,000 per year, the Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, will the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the amount carried in the Federal Aid High­ gentleman yield? gentleman from Michigan has again ex­ way Act of 1944. Under that act and Mr. DONDERO. I yield. pired. under this bill, ·the appropriation is Mr. STEFAN. May I ask my colleague Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, I divided as follows: (a) $225,000,000 for from South Dakota [Mr. CASE] whether yield myself one additional minute. projects · on the Federal-aid primary he is satisfied now that the unexpended Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, will highway system either inside or .outside balances for secondary roads can be used the gentleman yield? municipalities; (b) $150,000,000 for proj­ on county and township roads?. Mr. DONDERO. I yield. ects on the Federal-aid secondary high­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Certainly Mr. MURDOCK. Can the gentleman way system, which includes farm-to­ in view of the statements that have been tell me whether this $6,000,0QO for Indian market roads, rural free delivery mail, made by the various gentlemen, it would reservations is an increase? I think it is, and public-school bus routes; (c) $125,- seem they could be so used as well as . but I am not quite sure. 000,000 for projects on the Federal-aid allocations under any appropriations au­ Mr. DONDERO. Will the gentleman urban highway system. thorized which have_not actually yet been from Iowa answer the question whether Testimony was heard by the committee made. But I shall be glad to confer with . the $6,000,000 provided in the bill is an from all parties interested in highway de­ the gentleman from Nebraska if there is increase or the same amount provided velopment throughout th'e, .Nation, and any doubt remaining in his mind and in the last bill? there was almost unanimij;"y of opinion we wi11 talk further with the gentlemen Mr. CUNNINGHAM. The same that the 1944 Federal hignway program _ about it. amount as in the last bill. That was put had met with almost universal approval 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4335 and should be continued for another 3 Some question was raised before our By the act of June 21, 1947, that 1 year years. Under this bill, the authorizations committee as to the advisability of con­ was extended to 2 years. There has been begin with the termination of the present tinuing the progr-am for a 3-year period. delay in construction, there has been' law and continue for a period of 3 years There was much support for continuing it scarcity of materials, scarcity of labor. thereafter. for a 5-year period instead of three. It. High costs of construction have contrib­ The program for primary and sec­ must not be overlooked that the States, uted to the delay in the improvement of ondary road systems h~s proved to be a in matching these Federal funds, must highways. While the authorization in great boon to our economy, not only in have sufficient time in advance of receiv­ the act of 1944 was for 3 years, for prac­ peace but during war. We found, during ing the funds, to P.erfect their plans and tical purposes it includes the year 1949, the war, that adequate public roads were enact the necessary legislation to secure aild is thus for 4 yeats. The pending an essential to our war activities. Like­ the matching money and set up their own bill is for the fiscal years 1950, 1951, and wise, in peacetime, they are one of the road programs. In order to accomplish 1952. The act of 1944 provided for an most important links in the economy of this, the State legislatures need to be as­ interstate or inter-regional highway sys­ the Nation. The Federal Government sured that a long-range highway con­ tem. That system was approved ·On Au­ has long contributed to the States and struction program will be maintained. . gust 2, 1947. It consists of approximately their local subdivisions on a 50-50 basis Most of the State legislatures meet only 40,000 miles. It connects the principal for road construction. With the ad.vent every 2 years, which means that their own cities of the country. of the automobile and the demand for programs must be provided for 2 years in The needs for highways are multiplied. truck transportation, the program for advance, • and unless they know at the In the peak year 1941 there were 34,- construction and maintenance of public time of the sessions what the Federal 356,000 motor vehicles on the highways roads has been a major one. During the program will be, it is impossible for them of the· country. During the year 1947 year 1947, 7,929 miles of Federal-aid to act wisely in projecting their plans. that number had increased by 2,644,000, highways of .all classes were constructed, Mr. Chairman, in the Western States having reached a total of 37,000,000, and as compared with only 2,964 miles in 1946. and in some of the Southern States, there it is believed that by fiscal year 1950 This was a much curtailed .program, is a heavy stand of commercial timber. there will be 50,000,000 motor vehicles however, as in 1941 we constructed 12,936 In my own State of Oregon, we have the registered. This means that our present miles of roads with Federal aid. The largest stand of commercial timber of any system of highways is inadequate and total cost of completed projects on the State in the Nation. In these States that it must be expanded to keep pace Federal-aid system in 1947 was $142,- forest highways are of great importance with our needs. Formerly, highways 965,296, and completed secondary roads - to the marketing, cons~rvation and pro­ were constructed to connect rural areas cost $55,334,860. In money value, the tection of the commercial stands· of tim­ with cities. Then plans were to bypass highway program for the year amounted ber. We are, for that reason, especially municipalities. We now kriow that to approximately $1,000,000,000, that is, interested in the forest highway program was a mistake. There must be express $932,362,226 for 24,720 miles of highways. and feel that it would be a great mistake highways and main thoroughfares The total payments of the States dur-ing if there should be any diminution in sup­ through urban areas, so that Federal the year for work done on Federal-aid port of the program for forest roads. We roads may conhect; for, after all; the highways amounted to $193,634,155. · found, during the war and in the· post­ density of traffic is in the urban areas. By this bill the Public Works Com­ war period, that an adequate supply of Definite planning is essential in both mittee has approved a program for the forest products was essential to our econ­ primary and secondary roads. next 3 years, projected on the needs of omy. It is, therefore, particularly · The present bill is a 3-year authoriza­ speeding up construction to overtake, as necessary that we provide the funds for tion, as I have stated. It is substantially far as possible, the lag which was oc­ access roads through these forests to in the language of the act of 1944 with casioned by the war. The Federal Aid market the mature timber and make it two exceptions: One, a clarification of Highways Acts of 1944 authorized appro­ available, not only for peacetime use, the definition of secondary roads to in­ priations of $500,000,000 annually to aid but to assure an adequate supply of tim­ clude what the committee has main­ the States in highway improvement in ber products for national defense in case tained was proVided 'in the act of 1944, each of the first 3 postwar fiscal years. of an emergency. ' to wit, township and county roads; and, This program will expire next year, and Mr. Chairman, I trust that this most secondly, to provide for the first time our committee has recommended its ex­ worthy bill will receive the unanimous 3 years for matching the Federal-aid tension on the same basis. The 1944 act support of the House. funds. This is most important. required the designation of a national Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, Funds are allocated about 6 months be­ system of interstate highways not to ex­ I yield myself 15 minutes. fore the beginning of the fiscal year and ceed 40,000 miles in extent, by joint Mr. Chairman, there is universal need there is a definite yardstick. All States action of the State highway departments for the expansion and enlargement of the are treated alike. After the funds are and the Public Roads Administration. highways of the Nation. Prior to the ' allocated, contracts may be made, but to It is true we have a heavy budget and act of 1944 there had been no authoriza­ protect the taxpayers of the country it will be called upon to expend, in the next tion act since 1940. That act provided is essential that contracts shall not be several years large sums of money for for authorizations for the fiscal years forced and that the people of the coun- providing ~national defense as well as 1942 and 1943. Our highways proved . try not be required to pay more than carrying forward our commitments for their worth during the war. No con­ · aid to European and Asiatic countries in their roads are worth so that if contracts struction was made except for str~tegic are too high, if labor is too expensive, the work of rehabilitation and providing highways or access highways, and high­ a stable peace. · Howevev, we will be un­ there are 3 years in which to do the job. ways to military, naval, and .airport in­ That is a· most constructive feature of able to meet·our obligations in these re­ stallations, in aid of the war effort, dur­ spects if we permit our economy at home the act. • ing the war. There are approximately 3,300,000 to be undermined, and fail ·to make the The bill before us has the unanimous necessary appropriations from the Fed­ approval of the Committee on Public miles of roads in · the United States. eral Treasury to build up and maintain Works. ·The report is informative. Seven percent is the Federal-aid pri­ our domestic economy. The building and Hearings were conducted and they are mary system. That 7 percent aggre­ maintenance of adequate national high­ extensive and are available to the Mem­ gates about 2.09,237 miles, of which 189,- ways is an essential part of national de­ bers. 000 miles have been improved with Fed­ fense as well as our domestic economy. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 eral aid, the remainder having been im­ Highways are the life lines of our was approved on December 20 of that proved by the States. It is estimated Nation. Without adequate highways we year, and it was lmplemented by Con­ that 36,000 miles of the 189,000 con­ will not be able to carry fqrward the com­ current Resolution 81, approved Octo­ structed with Federal aid on the Federal­ merce of the Nation which proved to be ber 2, 1945, to provide authorization aid system must now be replaced. the strongest factor in our success in for · appropriations for the fiscal years We have in the State highway sys­ World War II. Moreover, there are in 1946, l947, and 1948. Under the terms tem approximately 246,928 miles. our Nation today more than 25,000 com­ of the act, all States had 1 . ye.ar it\ In the third category, county and lo­ munities,W,holly tiependent upon highway .which to match the apportionment of cal roads, we have approximately 1,034.• transportation for their commercial life. funds to the States. 826 miles. 4336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 The pending bill provides that 45. per­ year. We must give them an oppor- tinuation of the access roads to mines .. cent of the $500,000,000 authorized shali tunity to match these funds. They -... and forests? be for primary Federal-aid roads; 30 · must know how much they will be called Mr. WmTTINGTON. No. There 1s percent for secondary or feeder roads; upon to put up in order to secure Federal no provision in this bill, because this_is a and 25 percent for urban highways, that funds. · peacetime or postwar bill, and those go through our municipalities. Mr. Chairman, highways influence authorizations were for the war period. The States have to match all of these civilization. They must be permanent, They have been continued only to make funds and it is essential new for the The average life of the better type high- the appropriations that were authorized. States to know what funds they must way now is about 30. years. We must But there is a provision in this bill for match in 1950, 1951, and 1952. The build permanent roads as the Romans the construction of forest highways and legislatures of 44 States meet in 1949 and built them. An English author, Horsley, forest development roads and trails. they must know what Federal-aid funds in speaking of the Roman roads, said: Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Chair- will be available so they c~n make pro­ These Roman ways in Britain have fre­ man, will the gentleman yield? vision in advance for matching; hence quent ly been continued as the public roads Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield to the the imperative necessity for an author­ so that where a Roman military way is gentleman from Georgia. ization bill ut the present time. wanting, the presum.ption is in favor of the Mr. BROWN of Georgia The gentle­ Again, it is ·necessary for plans to be present highroad if that be nearly in the man has made a splendid contribution in made before contracts can be awarded, same direct ion. explaining this bill. As I understand, 30 and it takes time to make plans. Permanency has characteri:led roads percent of the amount carried in this bill The Federal-aid highway program has in the United States. The Boston Post is allocated to farm-to-market roads. been in operation since 1921-more than Road is one of the most famous roads in Mr. WHITTINGTON. The gentleman 26 years. It has made a great contri­ the Northeast, the Spanish Trail in the is correct. bution to highway construction. It has Southwest. Mr. BROWN of Georgia That is more resulted in a better type of .road. All of Mr. Chairman, when we build our than was allocated in the 1944 bill? the States are in position to profit by roads we are building America. A strong Mr. WHITTINGTON. No; that is the the construction. The Federal Public America is essential to a secure America same percentage as carried in the 1944 Roads Administration has a laboratory and a secure America.-- is essential for act. located in the District of Columbia, an peace in all the world. The need for Mr. BROWN of Georgia. I also under­ experimental laboratory, and better highways, for transportation in times of stand that this bill extends the period · roads are being constructed as a result peace, is multiplied in times of war. - 3 years in which to match the funds al­ of research and experimentation. This They serve their purpose during war. -In located to each State. is an experimental laboratory, as I have peace strikes may come and strikes may Mr. WHITTINGTON. Yes. We ex• stated,· and its facilities are being en­ go, but the highways provide for the con­ tend matching from 1 to 3 years. larged and increased. Investigations are tinuation of transportation. Mr. BROWN of Georgia. I will say there being made to improve the various Mr. NICHOLSON. Mr. Chairman, that I am very. much interested in roads, types of roads. · will the gentleman yield? especially the farm-to-market roads. I In 1936 we provided for the first time Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield to the congratulate the gentleman and his com­ for the improvement of our secondar:y mittee for bringing in such a construc­ gentleman from Massachusetts. tive bill. roads. The result , has been that a Mr. NICHOLSON. If we in Massa­ higher· tYI>e of secondary road has been chusetts appropriate $30,000,000 how Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Chair­ constructed in the country. The inten­ much will the Federal Government allow man, will the gentleman yield? tion was not to provide merely for an­ us? ·Would it match that amount? Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield. to the other county or township road but for Mr. WHITTINGTON. No. The Fed­ gentleman from Alabama. a better road, a dustless road, as far as eral Government appropriates this $500,- Mr. JONES of Alab~ma. In discussing possible. A great advance has been matching or participation by the States, 000,000 for all of the 48 States based upon I call attention to section 3, subsection made as a result of this authorization mileage, post roads, and the population. (a), that there is an amount of $4,250,000 for the improvement· of our secondary The amount accruing to Massachusetts appropriated' for ·national parks, monu­ roads, the farm-to-market roads, so that will be determined by those three factors ment;&, and areas administered by the - the produce of the country may be and Massachusetts will then be required National Park Service. Now, that is brought to the markets for disposal. The to match what the Federal Government mail and school-bus routes have been not a matching arrangement, is it? provides under this act. Mr. WHITTINGTON. Not at all, and improved. Mr. NICHOLSON. The Federal Gov­ I did not so state. I said that Federal­ Federal-aid highway construction was ernment secures in gasoline taxes in only about 14 percent of the entire con­ aid primary, secondary, and urban roads Massacqusetts about $11;000,000 a year. had to be matched. None of the provi­ struction of roads in this country in . Under the old Hayden-Cartwright bill 1947. Out of the 3,300,000 miles only we got about two and three-quarter mil­ sions for roads that are to be constructed about 233,000 miles are Federai-aid lion dollars back. Are we going to be through the national .forests or the park highways with 209,237 miles improved. treated the same way under this bill as roads or the national parkways or the I referred to the cost of construction Indiap. reservations are to be matched. we were under the Hayden-Cartwright They never have been matched hereto­ as contributing to the delay. Highway bill? - construction has increased about 93 per- · Mr. WHITTINGTON. I may say that fore under previous highway Federal-aid · cent since 1940. There has been an in­ we have impr·oved the allocation for the authorization acts. crease of about 32 percent since 1945, benefit of the more populous States since Mr. JONES of Alabama. I thank the The cost of building the earthen em­ the Hayden-Cartwright Act of 1934 in gentleman, and I congratulate him on bankment has n'ot increased as much as order to give more consideration t() the his fine statement, as well as the com- - the cost of the siabs: The mile cost has population factor. Under the terms of mittee, for bringing out such a valuable probably increased 75 percent. this bill with an authorization of $500,- bill in the interest of the people of this Mr. Chairman, it is essential that this 000,000 Massachusetts' part · is about country. bill be passed now so that we can pro­ $10,208,000. . Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Chairman, will vide for the improvement of our high­ · The CHAIRMAN. The time of the the gentleman yield? ' ways. There was substantially no con­ gentleman from Mississippi has expired. Mr. WHITTINGTON. .I yield to the struction during the war, while, on the Mr. WIDTTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, gentleman from Utah. other hand, there was widespread de­ I yield myself seven additional minutes. Mr. GRANGER. · The gentleman al- terioration. Roads are often destroyed Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, will -ways makes a very clear and concise by hard winters and in the flooded areas. · the gentleman yield? . statement. May I ask the gentleman All of the States have said that the au­ Mr. WHITI'INGTON. I yield to the whether or not the funds in this bill are thorization of this act is the very mini­ gentleman from Arizona. allocated on the same formula as we mum amount· required to continue the Mr. MURDOCK. Would the gentle,;, have had heretofore? improvement of our roads. man tell me something about the access Mr. WHITTINGTON. Exactly as The legislatures of 44 Stat~s of the roads which we had duririg the war? Is heretofore. This bill iS an exact copy Union are to meet, as I have stated, next there any provision in this bill for a con- of the act of 1944 in amounts and in

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1948 " CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4337 terms, except in two particulars, and - lieve, as the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. Mr. WHITTINGTON. This commit­ that has to do with the definition so as CuNNINGHAM] explained, that only 45 per­ tee has no jurisdiction over the tax situa­ to provide for county and township roads cent of the money was being expended. tion. This is an authorization bill, and being consiq_ered as secondary roads, and If that is the case, why can we not reduce we have nothing to do with levying or extending . the matching from one to the tax, let us say, for a year? collecting of taxes. · three years. . Otherwise it is identical Mr. WHITTINGTON. I think that is Mr. PEDEN. Mr. Chairm~n. will the with the act of 1944. a fair question. We build roads, or gentleman yield? Mr. GRANGER. One more question. rather authorize their construction. We Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield to the According to the gentleman's statement, do not levy taxes. I think the gentle­ gentleman from Oklahoma. · if the prices are too high, that is, the bids man from Iowa [Mr. CuNNINGHAM] ex­ Mr. PEDEN. In regard to the problem on contracts are too high, how long will plained it. I tried to explain it, and I · tl\at arises in the State of Oklahoma, these funds remain available to the will try to. explain it again. We au­ which has to do with urban funds under States? thorize $500,000,000 annually for a pe­ this bill, it is my understanding that riod of 3 years; on account of high under the provisions of this act, Federal Mr. WHITTINGTON. Until 3 years expenditures from the close of the fiscal year for costs and the inability to obtain con­ can only be made in any ur­ tracts there was appropriated up to the ban project in cities of 5,000 or over; is which they are authorized. that correct? Mr. GRANGER. Three years? 1st of January 1948 only $425,000,000 Mr. WHITTINGTON . . Yes. I might of the $1,500,000,000 authorized. During Mr. WHITTINGTON. Yes, that is the current year the House has already true. Urban-area funds are limited to say that some advocated a smaller ap­ cities of 5,000 or more. propriation and some advocated au­ appropriated and there is pending in the Senate $452,000,000 for construction Mr. PEDEN. Suppose the State high­ thorization for a shorter time. I be­ way commission picks a town of 5,000 lieve that by making this provision for 3 under the act of 1944. That will leave substantially $300,000,000 to be provided people in some part of the state and sub­ years for matching that we have met the mits it to the Public Roads Administra­ views of those who insisted upon a for construction in 1950. So that the virtue of this act is that we provide for tion or to their engineer and the engineer smaller authorization and those who in­ says, "I would rather you would build a sisted upon a shorter period, because this construction and pay the money out of the Treasury as the construction is be­ road where the population is 10,000 or is a program that is really not adequate 15,000 or 20,000." In such a case, who is for our expanding highway needs. We ing done, under the contract provisions . of the act: the authority to determine which road are building now under the act of 1944 shall be bUilt? only about 12,000 miles of main Federal­ - Mr. ARNOLD. The Public Roads Ad­ ministration tells me that a great deal Mr. WHITTINGTON. That has to be aid highways and only about 36,000 miles initiated in the States. While we are on of secondary roads, and that is a small of money is being paid in by airplane companies. That airplane companies that question, it is well now to keep in part of the 3,300,000 miles of roads in this mind that the United States is a big country. We may have to increase the are paying a cent and a half tax into the road fund. Should not something be country. authorization before the expiration of We provide for farm to market roads the last fiscal year, 1952, and certainly done to reimburse the airplane com­ panies or to build strips for them or either inside or outside of municipalities we will have to increase it within the 3 of less than 5,000 inhabitants. We pro­ years to match, for our highway trans­ build roads into the airports with this money? vide for highways in urban areas in con-· portation needs are constantly growing nection with municipalities or other ur­ and increasing. Mr. WHITTINGTON. My judgment is, and I am not going to be diverted from ban areas of 5,000 or more. The act gives Mr. ARNOLD. Mr. Chairman, will the consideration to the countryside and to gentleman yield? ' the main question here, we have made fairly good provision under the Civil the great cities. All of the interests of Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield to the Aeronautics Appropriation Act · for con­ the United States are considered. The gentleman from MissourL struction of airfields in this country. act of 1944 and the pending bill really in­ Mr. ARNOLD. Within the gentle­ There was collected in the calendar year crease the allocation in the more popu­ man's recollection as a member of the 1946 from all sources from gasoline and lolJs States where there are large cities. committee, has the Public Roads Admin­ other Federal excise taxes $882,000,000. We cannot provide for the rural districts istration ever expended all the funds This bill authorizes in round figures an . without providing for the city or urban that have come to them from the States? appropriation of $557,750,000 for all pur­ . areas. Mr. WHITTINGTON. ·well, the gen­ poses. In other words, this program is Probably those of us who come from tleman understands that the Public self-liquidating. It has been self-liqui­ rural districts think. that our -farm-to­ Roads Administration does not collect dating from the beginning. Those who market road is a difficult problem, but or does not. expend any money whatso­ use the roads pay for them, and that is the municipalities have their problems ever. All contracts for Federal-aid the soundness of this legislation. also, and the primary purpose of this ur- · roads, for secondary roads, for roads Mr. ARNOLD. If that money was ban provision is to provide for express through municipalities, are made by the used for air strips, and roads into the air highways and thoroughfares through our State highway commissions, by the State fields, would not we ~en have more municipalities, because the t.ecord is that agencies. They . are approved by the money for the farm-to-market roads? all of the travel starts and stops within Public Roads Administration. . Mr. WHITTINGTON. Not at all, be­ 30 miles of the municipalities. We I would like you to keep in mind that cause we are using money collected from profited by our experience. I believe the all of the secondary farm-to-market all sources. We are not earmarking it. provisions of this act and the act of 1944 roads are approved only by the Commis­ But we have provided for more money with respect to urban highways are sioner of Roads in w,ashington after the than has ever been provided in any previ­ sound. county supervisors or county commis­ ous appropriation for secondary roads In conclusion, I would like to say that sioners have recommended them to the except in the act of 1944. 42 percent of the 189,000 miles in the' State highway commissions and after Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, Federal-aid system of 231,000 miles that the State highway commissions have re­ will the gentleman yield? I believe I can have been improved with· Federal aid ported on them. I would like to say also help to answer the question being raised is depreciating. Forty-two percent of that there J:s a standard type of Federal by the gentleman from Missouri. the improved primary roads will wear aid highway ,that is being used generally Mr. WHITTINGTON. I yield. out by 1957. The obsolescence and the in the country as a result of Federal aid Mr. CUNNINGHAM. If more money depreciation are greater than the rate only because prior to Federal air spending back in t_he States. I be- Ways and Means. will thus promote the progress of the ..

4338 \JONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 country. It will aid building and recon­ deepiy into the funds made available for nues should be earmarked for the con­ struction in peace. It will promote na­ ·farm-to-market roads. · struction of highways. These gasoline tional defense. More highways and bet­ Furthermore, I want to commend the and motor-vehicle funds should not be ter highways are essential in building a committee particubi.rly on the policy ot permitted to go into the general fund better· country. avoiding the making of our entire road of the Treasury, where they may be The CHAffiMAN. The time of the development program dependent upon spread all over the world for the benefit gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WHIT­ revenues received by the Federal Gov­ of everyone but the highway users of TINGTON] has expired. ernment from particular sources such as this country. · Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, I excise taxes. on new automobiles, auto­ I realize that there is opposition to yield such time as he may require to the mobile parts, tires, tubes, lubricating oil, this proposal, opposition which comes gentleman from Iowa [Mr. JENSEN]. ' and gasoline. While it is true that the from what I consider strange quarters. Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Chairman, I wish revenues of the Federal Government from For instance, I understand the National to compliment the members of the Public those sources in recent years have ex­ Highway Users Conference is opposed to Works Committee for their great interest ceeded.the Federal expenditures on roads, this principle. I assume they fear that in a good road system for the United there is no reason to make our road de­ as the need arises to speed up our Fed­ states. Especially do I want to com­ velopment program entirely dependent eral road-building program-needed for pliment our able colleague, the gentle­ upon revenues from those sources. I p~ace and for national security-there man from Iowa, PAUL CUNNINGHAM, place the road development program very Will be pressure to increase the Federal chairman of the Roads Subcommittee of high in its importance to our entire na­ tax o:o gasoline in order to finance the the House, author of this Federal-aid tional economy and I consider the de­ program. . road bill, H. R. 5888, now before us. velopment of every part of the entire I think the statistics will show that I note with a great deal of satisfac­ road system as essential to the well-being quite the opposite might be the result. tion that 30 percent of the funds which of our national economy. I firmly believe, and facts which I shall this bill authorizes are to be spent on The general policy governing all Fed­ cite appear to back up that belief, that farm-to-market roads. I am sure, Mr. eral expenditures is to make them out such a system of financing Federal high­ Chairman, that anyone who has tried of the general funds and not dependent way construction woUld result in a re­ to drive over the dirt roads of America upon revenues from particular sources. duction of such taxes. during a. rainy season are now ready to · While it is very helpful and convincing Furthermore, I seriously doubt if an help our farmers get out of the mud. to know that the Federal Government ~ncreased Federal gasoline tax-provid­ Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, I has been more than compensated from mg the revenue went into new or im­ yield such time as he may require to the certain exCise taxes· for all funds ex­ proved roads-would decrease the use of gentleman from Iowa [Mr. MARTIN]. pended on Federal aid to highways, it our highways. In the :first Place we Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, would be a serious mistake to make Fed­ would no doubt have less opposition to I commend the gentleman from Iowa eral aid to highways entirely dependent motor-vehicle and motor-fuel taxes and [Mr. CUNNINGHAM], chairman of the Sub­ upon such revenues. There are many license fees if the highway user knew committee on Roads, and I commend the factors influencing revenue legislation that all such moneys would be spent on entire com~ittee ori the sound approach that Congress should be able to consider more and improved roads. In the sec­ they have made to Federal aid for roads without any fear of jeopardizing Federal ond p~ace, such a program probably · in the bill, H. R. 5888, now before us for aid to' highways. For example, World would m.crease the use of our highways, consideration. The committee has shown War n tremendously increased our reve­ because 1t would enable us to build more keen understanding of the importance of nues from excise taxes and this increase and better highways faster. the development of all types of roads but has caused a very real problem to arise , I could cite many statistics to show I want to commend them in particular in the ma,tter of adjusting revenue laws that hand in hand with improved high .. for the increase in the allotment pro­ between the Federal Government and the ways has come increases in the number vided for farm-to-market roads, which I States so as to avoid duplication or over­ Of motor-vehicle registrations. We U"1derstand is increased in the bill, H. R. lapping, especially in the :field of excise know from history that the invention of 5888, to seven times as much Federal taxes. I would not like to see the Fed­ the automobile was the impetus for im­ aid per year as was ever provided by the eral Government put in the position of proved highways, and we know that as Federal Government in any previous defending its present excise tax program, highways were improved the demand for year. In these days of greatly increased because Federal aid to highway develop­ new cars has grown. Wherever there farm prodJ,lction and greatly increased ment might be curtailed if the Federal are good roads, people will want to use obligations to feed a war-torn world, the Government should modify its excise tax them for pleasure as well as business . development of farm-to-market roads program. and more and more shippers will use mo~ assumes much greater importance in our I vigorously support the bill, H. R. 5888, tor-vehicle transport for the movement · national economy than heretofore, be­ and I want tb,e people of my district of goods in trade. cause efficient and expanding farm pro­ to know that I consider this legislation The Federal Government collects ex- · duction is very dependent upon efficient so important that it should not be made cise taxes on gasoline, lubricating oil transportation to and from all farms that dependent upon the volume of Federal tires, tubes, automobiles, and motor~ can possibly be reached by a well-de­ revenues from certain excise taxes, and cycles, trucks, and parts and accessories. veloped system of roads. I want the people of my district to know There is also a motor-vehicle use tax. I was deeply impressed by the state­ and appreciate the foresight and good The Federal Government has been col­ ment made by the gentleman from Iowa judgment shown by the Subcommittee on lecting such . taxes in one form or an­ [Mr. CUNNINGHAM] i:1 the debate last Roads and by the full Committee on Pub- other since 1917. During that time, ac­ Thursday when he pointed out that 97 Y2 . lie Works in the writing of this legisla­ cording to the Public Roads Administra­ .Percent of all motor vehicle traffic in the tion. tion, a grand total of nearly $8,000,000,- United States originates and terminates Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, 000 has been collected. Public Roads within 30 miles of the urban centers and I yield such time as he may desire to the Administration officials estimate slightly then defined an urban center as a town gentleman from Missouri [Mr. ARNOLD]. more than $7,000,000,000 of the grand or City of 2,500 population, or more. I M'r. ARNOLD. Mr. Chairman, there total has been paid by highway users. :firmly believe that a complete analysis of is a fairly well-established principle of During._ 1946 proceeds of Federal taxes highway traffic would show a fairly even public :finance in this country which ear­ relating to motor vehicles amounted to increase in the volume of traffic from marks gasoline and other motor-vehicle $882,255,744, of which, it was ·estimated the grass-root farms to the large centers taxes and regulatory fees to be used for by the Public Roads Administration, of population so that the bulk of our the construction of public highways. highway users contributed $796,060,301. farm production and farm transporta­ That well-established financing principle That same year Public Roads Admin­ tion comes from a relatively small por­ . is in use in 20 States, but it is not used istration estimates placed the total of tion of all motor-vehicle traffic. It would by the Federal Government: such Federal excise taxes collected in be a ve.ry serious mistake to distribute Because it works well in the several Missouri at $25,128,000, of which $23,146,- Federal-aid highway funds in exact pro­ States where it is applied, I believe that 000 was paid by highway users. portion to the volume of automobile principle should now be extended to the In contrast, the total of Federal-aid traffic, because such a policy would cut Federal Government and all such reve- payment to States during 1946 for high- 1948 CONGRESSIO_NAL RECORD-HOUSE 4339 way construction amounted to $146,034,- struction and the location, the cheapest , With the very definite probability that 000, of which but $3,557,000 went to Mis­ type is about $10,000 per mile and the volume of highway use will continue to souri. most costly is about $35,000. A mile of increase, then we most assuredly could Missourians who used the highways concrete highway, 22 feet in width, costs reduce the tax rate of 1% cents per paid into the Federal Treasury approxi­ about $35,000. In some places, where gallon at least one-third and also keep mately twenty million more dollars in aggregate is literally along the roadside, abreast of our building and repair re­ taxes than came back to the State for it runs somewhat less. In others, where quirements, and further encourage use construction of roads. Missourians sand and gravel must be shipped from a of highways. · would not necessarily object to this dis­ distance, it runs higher. Bituminous These data I have presented show con­ crepancy if the difference went to build construction runs from $10,000 to $20,000 clusively that earmarking Federal excise highways in other States, wbich travel­ per mile. All other materials cost about tax revenues relating to motor vehicles, ing Missourians might use, and over $10,000 per mile. to highway construction, would be · ex- which goods could be transported; goods The annual average revenue collected tremely beneficial. These taxes ·___ are which thereby could reach Missouri at a from highway users would provide for specific taxes resulting from use of the lower cost, or whereby Missouri made or construction of more than 15,000 miles of Nation's highways and byways, and reve­ grown goods could be sent to other mar­ concrete highway a year. Over an nues therefrom should be restricted to kets. 8-year period-the period covered in improving that system of highways and But this was obviously not tbe case. computing the average-that would be byWays. It may be argued that all of All highway users paid taxes estimated 120,000 miles of concrete highway. us will benefit by improved highways at more than $796,000,000 during 1946, The significance of this figure lies in its and the direct users of the highways but Federal funds granted for highway comparison with the 38,000 mileage of should not be forced to bear the burden construction in the various States the interregional highway system ap­ alone. amounted to but $146,034,000. In other proved and recommended by the Public That argument is fallacious. There words, 83 percent of the money paid by Roads ·Administration, connecting all are no nonusers of our highways today. highway users in excise taxes relating to cities of 100,000 or more population and All of us use them in one way or an­ motor vehicles went for purposes other most of 50,000 -and over. ' other-albeit many of us use them in­ than building roads. - Using the most inexpensive material, directly-and all of us pay for that use. Exactly where the highway user's dol­ the average annual revenue from high­ When we buy a quart of milk, we pay a "lar went cannot be determined accurate­ way users only would construct nearly fair proportion of the tax which was ly-but some of it may have gone to the 53,000 miles. paid on gasoline necessary to power the War Department to carry on propaganda Not all new · highway construction several vehicles transporting that milk to influence the Congress into adopting would be of concrete, not all of it would from dairy farm to doorstep. universal military training, or some of it be restricted to 22 feet in width. Some There is hardly a thing we buy in may h:;tve gone to England to help ad­ would be twice that. Some would be stores today in which highway transport - vance the cause of socialism. The sum­ bituminous. Your guess is as good as has not figured. When highway trans­ mer of 1946, you recall, ·was when Eng­ mine, but probably the average annual port costs-are computed, the gasoline and land floated a small loan of three and revenue from highway users only would other excise tax is included as a neces­ three-fourths billion plus dollar.s. pay for . construction of something like sary cost of operation. These are not Since 1939, total excise-tax collections 30,000 miles of brand new highway. taxes on profits. They are taxes which r"elating to motor vehicles have amount­ Under ou. system, States match money are properly passed on to the ultimate ed to $'4,895,000,000, of which about four made available by the Federal Govern­ consumer. · and one-fourth billion has been paid by ment. Thus the joint effort, at existing It follows, therefore, that to the ex­ highway users. During that same period rates, would provide for entirely new tent that each of us benefits, directly or slightly more than $1,000,000,000-one­ highway construction totaling 60,000 indirectly, from good roads, we would fourth of all money collected from high­ miles, far more mileage than is included be bearing the cost o'r providing those way users-has gone into the Federal-aid in .the interregional highway system. roads if we earmarked Federal excise highway program. · Moreover, this refers to new construc­ taxes relating to motor vehicles for road In the same period total motor-vehicle tion, which is not required. Much of the construction. excise taxes collected in Missouri work for bringing the interregional plan Such an earmarking is a fair proposi­ . amounteehalf of of the secondary system. . There is much remain useless until completed. This good roads for Iowa and the Nation. remaining to be done on our secondary road will shorten the distance across the The CHAIRMAN. The time . of the road system, but this is a start in seeing State, save thousands of motorists many gentleman from Iowa has expired. that a definite program is put into effect miles of driving each year. The road Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, to 2'et the farmer "out of the mud,".and will present real economy in traveling to it is my hope that the House will pass this I yield 5 :r;ninutes to the gentleman from bill by unanimous vote. motorists. More money, however, is Ohio [Mr. McGREdORJ, a member of the needed to finish it. This bill will help, Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, committee. will the gentleman yield? I believe, to make ·it easier and quicker Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, the to complete this cross-State White Pass Mr. McGREGOR. I yield to the dis­ bill before us for consideration, H. R. tinguished gentleman from Mississippi. Highway. 5888, extends the Federal Aid Highway I cite this case of how this bill will help Act of 1944. This bill authorizes the . Mr. WHITTINGTON. In respect to hasten completion of this needed cross­ sum of $500,000,000 for the fiscal years ' the question asked by the gentleman State road merely because I believe many ending June 30, 1950, 1951, and 1952, a from Oklahoma a few moments ago_, it similar roads in other States will likewise 3-year program. It will enable the vari­ should be kept in mind that under the benefit. ous States to arran-ge for a matching provisions for secondary and feeder roads After all, whether the State or Federal program for -highway construction on a there is authority for carrying those Government supplies the money for 3-year basis. I firmly believe in a long­ roads through the smaller municipalities highway jobs, the motorists through range highway policy, and thi,s legisla­ of less than 5,000 inhabitants. The pro­ State and Federal taxes on gasoline and tion will put that into effect. vision for urban higl:lways has reference oil and excise taxes contribute more than No changes have been made in the to the larger municipalities of this coun­ all of the money that goes into these present law with respect to the allocation try where the large populations are cen­ road programs. of 45 percent for the Federal-aid high­ tered. There should not be any con:fiict In a very real sense the cost of con­ way system, with 30 percent on secondary ·between the two. structing highways and roads is not an and feeder roads and 25 percent on the .Mr. McGREGOR. That is correct. I expense borne by ·the general taxpayers. projects in urban areas. thank the gentleman for his contribu­ It is one paid bY the motorists. Mr. Chairman, ihis distribution is as tion. His statement is correct. Under this bill the State of Washing­ fair as any which can be" arrived at during The CHAIRMAN. The time of the ton will receive Federal-aid for her high­ this time. gentleman from Ohio has expired. · ways of $7,304,000 a year or $21,912,000 For some time, however, I have felt Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, for the 3 years covered by this bill. that our farm-to-market roads were b{:l­ I yield such time as he may desire to the Primary highways of the State of ing neglected, as some have failed to gentleman from Georgia [Mr. :BROWNJ. Washington during the 3-year period wiU recognize the tremendous importance of Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Chair­ receive $10,473,000; secondary roads, secondary and farm-to-market roads. man, I wish to commend the. committee $7,092,000; and city or urban roads and These roads are most vital to production for the bill, H. R. 5888, which really streets, $4,347,000. _ and distribution of agricultural com­ extends the postwar Federal-aid-High­ Every other State will benefit corre­ modities, as well as to the local people, way Act of 1944. The thorough and ex­ spondingly, depending on size, popula­ the State, and the Nation. I feel that tensive hearings recently held on this tion, road 3Ystems, and other factors. adequate road transportation for the bill and on the bill reported out by the I believe it is a good bill that should farmers is most essential to the continued committee in 1944, I am sure, are greatly have the support of Congressmen from prosperity of all Americans. appreciated by all Members of the House. all States. We must not forget tp.ere are 3,300,000 In the debate on the 1944 bill I sug­ Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, miles of roads, alleys, and streets in our gested that many of the States, due to I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Nation, and of that number 3,000,000 shortage of material, the high cost of Iowa [Mr. HOEVEN]. miles are in rural districts, of which 23 building, and so on, would be unable to Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. Chairman, the percent are graded and drained but not match the amount apportioned to the State of Iowa is very much interested in surfaced, while 31 percent are primitive, States within the time allowed under this bill. The Eighth Congressional undrained, and not surfaced. Thus, the act. So, -the gentleman from Iowa District, which I have the honor to rep­ more than 50 percent of the roads serv­ [Mr. CUNNINGHAM], introduced the bill, resent, has been a leader in improving ing our farmers are not all-weather H. R. 1874, which passed Congress last its highways and the ultimate goal is, roads. Four million children ride to year, extending the grace period for an therefore, ·a farm-to-market road along school daily over secondary and feeder additional 12 months, making a total every farm. In this connection, I am roads and one-fourth of our entire popu­ grace period of 2 years. Now, I under­ pleased to note that section 1 of the bill lation receives mail delivery over these stand the pending bill differs from the enlarges the definition of the term "sec­ roads. Therefore, Mr. Chairman, im­ 1944 act in that it extends the grace ondary and feeder roads" as contained in provement of these roads is an undis­ period another 12 months, making a total the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1944 to putable need in the problem of reduced of 3 years, so that if the money author­ include county and township roads. costs of food products. For this rea­ ized to be appropriated under this bill Section 1 also contains a further provi- son, I submitted an amendment to for the fiscal year ending July 1, 1950, is 1948" CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4341 not c-ontracted for by that time, the Subcommittee on Roads of the Public the impetus given to construction of sec­ States will have until July 1, 1953, to Works Committee that routes of the ondary or farm-to-market roads. For complete their contracts and finish the rural primary Federal-aid system need the first time large-scale improvement work, and they will have 3 years from improvement .or replacement of surface of a planned system of secondary roads July 1, 1951, and from July 1, 1952, to at a rate of 12,450 miles per year. The is proceeding in an orderly manner. A complete the contracts and finish the need on urban sections of the system is system that now includes 350,000 miles work. 650 miles, making, a total of 13,100 miles has been designated. Many of the State There is no function of government annually. He estimates that 27,000 miles highway departments have created spe­ more productive of benefits to citizens of improvements are required on the sec­ cial divfsions to deal with secondary road of all classes than construction of high­ ondary Federal-aid system each year. problems. A working partnership be­ ways. Highway transportation is essen­ The total for both the primary and sec­ tween State and county officials is de­ tial for agriculture, schools, industry, ondary systems is approximately 40 ,000 veloping that is very similar to the highly and community life in every section of miles annually. beneficial Federal-State cooperation that the country. -... Practically all forms of · The bill we are considering is not new has e~isted for many years. Already production and distribution and social and untried legisla'tion. The policy of 12,300 miles of secondary roads have been life are dependent upon the motor Federal aid to the States· was adopted in completed and 11,670 miles are under ·vehicles and good road surfaces upon 1916 and has been a major factor in construction or ready for construction. which to operate them. creating our far-reaching and invaluable An additional 12,400 miles are pro­ To furnish the highway transportation but presently inadequate highway sys­ gramed for early construction. The service needed by our citizens requires tem. It is a pqlicy firmly established and total of secondary roads programed or 37,402,000 motor vehicles, including 130,- of demonstrated value. in a more advanced stage is 36,400 miles. 000 busses, and 6,521,000 trucks. An The bill proposes to continue a pro­ It would be a serious mistake not to con­ enormous traffic flows over the network gram to which we are already commit­ tinue this·work. of main highways and secondary routes. ted. In 1944, after extensive hearings With regard to the Federal aid pro­ Billions of dollars are spent for motor and extended study of the highway sit­ gram as a whole, there can be no ques­ vehicles and their upkeep. It is poor uation, we approved the Federal Aid tion that it has strong public support­ business to invest a large part of our • Highway Act authorizing $500,000,000 support that is neither sectional nor par­ wealth in vehicles and not provide road for each of the first three postwar fiscal tisan in character. Our cities clamor for surfaces on which they may operate years. These funds were assigned to ma­ relief from the traffic congestion that is smoothly, and without dangers and de­ jor routes through cities, the primary strangling business life. Everyone uses · lays arising from congestion. The indi­ Federal-aid system, and to a new system the main highways and demands that vidual citizen can provide only a part of secondary or farm-to-market roads. the hazards and delays of old obsolete of the means of meeting his need for In spite of serious difficulties a sub­ highways be eliminated. Our farmers good highway transportation. He can stantial beginning has been made on the are no longer content with the isolation buy a vehicle and keep it in good con­ three classes of work. There is every inconvenience, and difficuities occasioned dition but he is entirely dependent upon reason why each class should be con­ by mud roads or those that are only government for the surfaces upon which tinued and at an accelerated pace if pos­ slightly improved. to operate it. sible. You are all familiar with the de­ The provisions of this bill continue a Since early in the war there has been mands of farmers, btisinessmen, and citi­ policy to which we are already commit­ a serious shortage of motor vehicles. zens of every other class for road im­ ted. It will benefit all sections of the We all know about dealers' waiting lists, provements. The program is a balanced country and all groups of the population. · the black market ·in new cars, and high one that will bring relief from city traffic I urge the adoption of this bill. prices for used cars. It is a matter of jams, modernize and make safe the main Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, great public concern. We should be even rural roads, and give to the farmer the I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from more concerned · about our highway kind· of roads :fie needs to get his produce North Dakota [Mr. LEMKE]. shortages. . to market, his children to schoof, and Mr. LEMKE. Mr. Chairman, I am in At the beginning of the war our· high­ his wife to town for shopping. favor of this legislation-farm-to-mar­ way needs were great. Use of highways However, provision of these long-de­ ket roads. I appeared before the com­ of all .classes had completely outgrown sired improvements is moving none too mittee when they had this bill up for con­ • the improvements made for the traffic fast and will shortly lose the momentum sideration and advocated that it be made of an earlier day. There was serious that has been gained unless additional permanent legislation. H9wever, the traffic congestion in all cities. Main funds are authorized. It will not be long committee saw fit to limit the $500,000,- rural routes were, to a considerable de­ before the funds initially provided are 000 annual appropriation to a period .of gree, obsolete. Only a beginning had exhausted. 3 ·Years. I appreciate the fact that the been made in providing the kind of Planning of highway programs and committee did make it 3 years, and I am secondary roads that our farmers need. projects is a time-consuming process. satisfied that, at the end of 3 years, per­ The bad condition at the beginning ·Highway officials need to know what Fed­ manent legislation will be passed. of the war became worse as the · war eral-aid funds will be available in the I feel that the farm-to-market roads progressed. Normal highway construc­ next 4 or 5 years so that they may select are essential for the future development tion ceased but old surfaces continued the most urgent projects for improve­ of our Nation and our agricultural pro­ to wear out. War traffic was particu­ ment, arrange for matching the Federal duction. I shall, therefore, wholehe-art­ larly severe on the oldest sections of road funds, prepare detailed plans, and begin edly support this legislation, and I want that had been scheduled for replacement the acquirement of right-of-way where to thank the committee for having but which had to be continued in serv­ it is needed. brought in this bill. It is an improve­ ice. At the end of the war there was a Immediate action is particularly im­ ment over the 1944 act. large accumulation of worn and obso­ portant to larger cities that are reluctant Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, lete roads that would have been replaced to begin big jobs that will extend over I yield such time as he may desire to but for the war. several years without assurance that the gentleman from Arizona [Mr. Since the end of the war, traffic has Federal aid will be available to complete MURDOCK]. grown by leaps and bounds to new high the job. Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, I levels while high prices and shortages Still another reason for immediate ac­ want to join the several Members who of various kinds have held back high­ tion results from the serious shortage of have congratulated the committee on way improvement. Expenditures for highway engineers. Our State highway bringing in a good highway authoriza­ construction have been quite large but departments will need to exert the most tion bill. I asked the gentleman from the rate of physical improvement has strenuous efforts to perform the various Mississippi [Mr. WHITTINGTON] concern­ been definitely below the prewar level. technical operations required before con­ the amount of money for roads and The present situation cannot be viewed struction and will need the incentive that trails on Indian reservations, and also without serious misgiving. CommiS­ this legislation will provide. whether any provision was made in this sioner MacDonaid, of the Public Roads I am particularly anxious to see the bill for access roads to mines and for­ Administration, has testified before the present program continued because of ests. He points· out that the building

•' 4342 00NGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 of access roads was a wartime function of Atlanta, and both Fulton and De Kalb that we in our district may proceed with and that this is a peacetime construc­ Counties, made their plans to change the plans which have already been made, tion measure, but that the bill does pro­ over from war to peace. In order to and the funds for which have already vide generously for forest roads and avoid the shock of unemployment and been provided so far as matching this trails which should have about the same possible de:fiation similar to that which money with city, county, and State funds purpose as many of our wartime access followed in the postwar period, after the is concerned. roads. I am delighted that the bill con­ First World War, a program was worked Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, tain $6,000,000 for road building on In­ out which included a large list of public I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from dian reservations. Such an ameunt is works, new school buildings, hospitals, Oklahoma [Mr. RIZLEYJ. somewhat more than has been appro­ parks, streets, highways, and express­ Mr. RIZLEY. Mr. Chairman, first may priated for that purpose in years past. ways. Atlanta lies partly in ·both of I say that I am wholeheartedly support­ This is a very significant item for the these counties, and in order to realize ing the pending bill. I think the com­ State of Arizona. the greatest benefits from expenditures mittee has done an excellent job in the In general, the building of roads on the governing officials of the city or" At­ preparation of this legislation. Indian reservations is necessary and lanta and each of the· two counties co­ · Mr. Chairman, I secured this time helpful, especially in the State of Arizona operated to work out a' coordinated plan largely for the purpose of directing some where the · reservations are vast areas under which ·a system of modern and questions· to the very able chairman of and where the State and Federal high­ safe highways and expressways are to the subcommittee the gentleman from way system must cross these Indian res­ be constructed through the two counties Iowa [Mr. CUNNINGHAM]. We have cer­ ervations. But I am thinking particu­ and the city of Atlanta. These plans tain very disturbing questions in my larly of the possibility of this money include Federal and State highways, and State at the present time iri connection being used on such vast reservations as contemplate the use of matching funds with the administration of funds in the the Navajo: The gentleman from from both State and Federal Govern­ road program, · not only . the primary Mississippi has very eloquently reminded ments. funds but the urban funds. My State us of the Roman system of highways, The people of the city of Atlanta, in has an eight-man highway commission. and the effect of good highways on the order to raise funds for these projects, One member from each of the respective advance of civilization. The most back­ voted a bond issue. The people of Ful- • congressional districts in the State. The ward Indian reservation in America is ton County, on their part, likewise voted people of my State, by a public referen­ the Navajo Reservation. ·Its area is a bond issue, and the people of De Kalb dum, set up the present eight-man com­ about the same as the entire State of County, on their part, likewise voted a mission and under implementing legis­ West Virginia. The whg-le Nation has bond issue. The bonds have been is­ lation our Governor appointed, with the been aroused to the plight of the Navajo sued and sold, and the money is now approval of the senate, the present mem­ Indians, and Congress has lately been available, and all the projects contem­ bership on the commission. They are besieged from all parts of the country to plated are very much needed. outstanding business and professional do the right thing by the Navajo Indians. Atlanta and Fulton County now have men of my State. Of course, they need schools and many under way a definite traffic program, The commission, after consultation other modern endowments of · good involving some $16,000,000 of city-county with the people in the various sections of society, but I would say that one basic bond funds. The major part of this ex­ the State, prepared an over-all program requirement is good roads. I am think­ penditure will be for a north-south · ex­ of projects and submitted the same to ing first of the Navajo Indian Reserva­ press highway. Plans for the construc­ the bureau of public roads, these projects tion, for tfie maximum good which an tion of this important expressway call not only related to the roads that are Indian roads program can render. for the use of Federal aid and State aid constructed by Federal-aid funds but Some may say, "Will roads on the in amounts which are at least equal to also urban road funds. Now, one of the Navajo Reservation serve and benefit the the present basis of Federal aid and questions in dispute in Oklahoma is the Navajos only?" Certainly not, for the State aid. A reduction in either at•this application of the so-called urban funds. tourists who pay the gasoline tax which particular time wili completely upset It is my understanding that the Con­ puts up this money will probably receive these construction plans. gress, when it wrote the program to con­ as much benefit as the Indians in the Comprehensive plans have been struct roads for urban sections of the area. Centered in the Navajo Indian worked out also between the city of At­ country, set up as a yardstick as to just Reservation are some of the most scenic lanta and the county of De Kalb for con­ what cities these urban funds would ap-. spots in America, such as the Painted struction of wide, modern, safe express­ ply to, by writing into the law that cities Desert, Petrified Forest, Hopi Sky Cities, ways leading from the city of Atlanta or towns which had a population of 5,000 colorful canyons like Canyon De Chelly eastward through De Kalb County so as or more would be eligible for urban and Canyon del Muerto. Such magnifi­ to connect with the Federal highways funds. Am I correct as to my under­ cent physical features as the Rainbow and State highways in that direction. standing? Natural ·Bridge can only be approached . 'fhese plans also contemplate, and are Mr. CUNNINGHAM. The gentleman through the Navajo Reservation and dependent upon, the continued exten­ is correct. cannot now be approached by vehicle. sion of Federal aid and State aid upon Mr. RIZLEY. Now, whose duty and There are numerous national monu­ a basis at least equal to the present per­ obligation is it to initiate and make the ments on that reservation, seen by only centages. Any reduction at this par­ final approvals as to these urban proj­ a relatively few people becatl.Se of the ticular time also will upset and p:revent ects? Assuming that your. State high­ dangerous or impassable roads and trails a continuance of this construction. It way commission makes a selection of leading to them. I ~ish the $6,000,000 will tax us to the utmost to carry on this urban projects and the Public Roads Ad­ had been doubled. ! wish it for the construction with a continuance of Fed­ ministration recognizes the fact that Indians' sake, and for the tourists' sake. eral aid and State aid, because of the these projects come within the law so Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, increases in prices which have occurred far as applying to cities of 5,000 ·Or more I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from since the bond issues were voted. but say, "Well, in our judgment, you Georgia [Mr. DAVIS]. We in the Fifth District of Georgia could spend these urban funds in two or Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Chair­ have joined wholeheartedly with the three cities of larger population?'' Who man, I wish to compliment the mem­ Federal Government in plans to change will finally determine that? bers of the committee on the bill which over from a wartime economy to a peace­ Mr. CUNNINGHAM. First, let me has been brought before the House to­ time economy. We have obligated our­ read from the 1944 act: day. I appreciate the opportunity I selves heavily as J. have stated, and, in The term "urban area" means an area in­ had of expressing my attitude toward doing so, we have relied upon the Gov­ cluding and adjacent to a municipality or this bill while the committee was con­ ernment to carry its part of the cost of other urban place of 5,000 or more, the popu­ sidering legislation upon this subject. these postwar construction projects. lation of such included municipality or other Mr. Chairman, I represent the Fifth We were led to believe that the Fed­ urban place to be determined by the latest eral Government would carry its part of available Federal census. The boundaries of District of Georgia in which lie the urban areas, as defined herein, will be fixed counties of Fulton and De Kalb and also these projects and I urge now that these by the State highway depax:tment of each the city of Atlanta. While the war was appropriations, upon which our plans State subject to the approval of the Public still in progress, the people of the city were made and based, be continued so Roads Administration .

. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4343 Now, it is my underst-anding that the Mr. WHITTINGTON. I cannot. I Mr. Chairman, I take this time to Public Roads Administration does ·not think that is a fair answer. Of course, thank my colleagues of the Subcommittee withhold approval unless the State high­ this provision has only been in the law on Public Roads of the Committee on way department deviates from the gen­ since 1944, and it is intended primarily Public Works for theirsplendid help and eral Federal system program in the area for tlle large urban areas, and provides the services they have rendered as well to such an extent that it would disrupt for cities, where there are bottlenecks, of as their cooperation in the preparation the Federal highway program. - more than 5,000 population. With the of this bill. I also take this opportunity Mr. RIZLEY. The gentleman's under­ gen _eman's permission. I would like to to thank the chairman of the Committee standing is exactly the understanding point out that in the previous section '011 on Public Works, the gentleman from that I have. If the State highway com­ secondary and feeder roads we made pro­ Michigan [Mr. DONDERO]. I would call mission, or a comparable board or com- vision for the smaller municipalities of the attention of the members to the • mission, of a State makes the designa­ 5,000 or under because a secondary road splendid work of the gentleman from tion, and it does not deviate from the that goes through a municipality of 5,000 Ohio [Mr. McGREGOR], in proposing and general Federal system program, as the or under is in order and can be provided securing the adoption of an amendment ge~tleman said, then the determination for. So that this law provides both for which includes township roads. I think by the local authority shall be final. the large and small cities. he is to be highly complimented for what Mr. CUNNINGHAM. That is right. Mr. RIZLEY. I · understand that. he did for the township roads in States I want to add one more thing, that with- · But my second question was not directed east of the Mississippi, He has done this in the urban area there may be farm-to­ to the use of urban funds but was in such a way that it does not interfere market roads. 'This 25 percent of $125,- directed to the use of the Federal-aid with the regular-program for the county 000,000 under the 1944 act per year ap- funds on projects other than urban . roads in the States where there are no • ·plies only to the Federal system within Mr. McG~EGOR. Mr. Chairman, will township roads. the urban area, the bound-aries of which the gentleman yield? Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, · are to be fixed by the State highway de­ Mr. RIZLEY. I yield. I yield myself 1 minute. partment. Mr. McGREGOR. I think the inten­ Mr. Chairman, I stated in presenting Mr. RIZLEY. That is my understand­ tion of the 1944 act is very specific that my views on this bill that standards have ing. Now, one other question. It· is my the promotion of a project goes right }?een agreed on by the State h~ghway understanding that under the law the commissions covering Federal-aid roads State body, whether it be the State high­ back to the local communities and to the State highway department. It cannot and approved by the Public Roads Ad­ way commission or some other com­ ministration. And that is true. Those parable- body, initiates the projects on be promoted by the Public Roads Admin­ standards differ as to the different types which Federal-aid funds are expended. istration in Washington. I was a mem­ of roads. The State highway commis­ Mr. CUNNINGHAM. That is correct, ber of the committee when the 1944 act sions have also proposed, and the Public except for the farm-to-market roads, the was passed. Certainly it was my under­ Roads Administration . has approved, counties have a right to come in. standing that the initiation of these proj­ standards for the secondary roads. That Mr. RIZLEY. I am not talking for the . ects is to be made by the States without does not mean those secondary roads are moment about farm-to-market·roads. interference from the Washington level. ·are expensive or as wide or as .costly as The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. RIZLEY. That is my understand-· the Federal-aid primary roads. That gentleman from Oklahoma· has expired. ing of the situation. ' means there are different types of roads Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, Mr. McGREGOR. The promotion for different communities and different I yield the gentleman three additional must start back in the local communities populations in the several States. In one minutes. or in the local State highway department. State it might be hlack top. In another Mr. RIZLEY. Now, we have this sit­ Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. it might be a gravel road. I think it is uation in my State. The State highway Chairman; will the gentleman yield? fair to make the statement that when I commission has initiated in my State Mr. RIZLEY. I yield to my col­ used the word "standards" I meant that some 70 projects for approval and has league. there were standard types but different submitted those 70 projects to the Public 1 kinds of types in various parts of the Roads Administration. The - Public Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. It seems to me that it is agreed that the country for secondary roads. I would Roads Administratiqn comes along and also like to say in this connection that approves 32 of those 70 projects. They initiation of the project should be by a while we had some complaints that the say to my State commission: "Now, as far State body. But you have outlined the Public Roads Administration undertook as these other 38 projects are concerned, situation here which if carried out 'would to designate the roads either primary or we think they are feasible, all right, but mean that the Public Roads Administra­ secondary. When the matter was traced. we think there are 20 other projects in tion in effect is doing the initiating when down, it finally developed that no one this state that ought to have ·priority they tell the State highway department, from any State or any highway commis­ over the additional 38 that you have "Here are 20 projects that we think sion came before the committee and initiated.'' Now, .my understanding of ·should have_pr4ority, and if you will ini­ testified that the Public Roads Adminis- · the law is that the State highway com­ tiate them, we will approve them, and we tration had ever refused to approve a mission in the first instance initiates will disapprove the 38 projects that you project that had been init' :..ted by the these projects and that it is not a matter want." So they are substituting them­ State or county commissioners. for the Public Roads Administration to selves and they would be doing the ini­ Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, say: "Well, we think the projects are all' tiating instead of the State bodies if I have no further requests for time on right, but we think there are 20 other .that should be carried out. this side. proj~cts here that should take priority Mr. RIZLEY. Certainly under the Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chair­ over some of those projects that you have facts as stated by my colleague that man, I have-no further request for time initiated." The question js who finally would be the situation. on this side. determines the priority? / Mr. CUNNINGHAM. The Public The CHA!RMAN. The Clerk will Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Well; I am not Roads Administration is not supposed read. . · sure that the bill is clear on that, I will to impose its will on the State highway The Clerk read as follows: say . to the gentleman from Oklahoma. department, but only has power under Be it enacted, etc., That for the purpose of However, it is the understanding of the the intent of this act where the State carrying out the provisions of the Federal­ committee that the Public Roads Admin­ Aid Road Act approved July 11, 19.16 (39 Stat. istration will approve the designation of highway department or the State high­ .355), and all acts amendatory thereof and a State highway commission unless those way association proposes projects which ·'supplementary thereto, and for continuing designations interfere with the national would disrupt the national Federal· high­ the postwar construction and reconstruc­ highway system. Possibly the gentle­ way system. tion of highways 'in accordance with the Mr. RIZLEY. thank the gentleman provisions of the Federal-Aid Highway Act man from Mississippi [Mr. WHITTING­ I of 1944 approved December 20, 1944 (58 TON] can give a better answer. He has very much. . stat. 838), there is hereby authorized to be been un the committee much longer than . Mr. CUNNINGHAM. _Mr. Chairman, appropriated th'e sum of $500,000,000 for the ~have. I yield myself 1 minute. :fiscal year ending June 30, 1950, a m::e sum 4344 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, and sum for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, of roads and trails through these na-. a like sum for the flscal year ending June ~nd a like sum for the fiscal year ending tional parks. It was the consensus of 30, 1952. ' ' June 30, 1952. opinion of the committee that we had The sum herein authorized for each fiscal · (c) For the construction, improvement, been more than generous and that we year shall be available for expenditure as and maintenance of Indian reservation roads follows: and bridges and roads and bridges to provide really might have cut this down. Forty-five percent. for projects on the Fed- access to Indian' reservations and Indian Mr. DONDERO. If a computation is eral-aid highway system. · lands under the provisions of the act ap­ made of these amounts, it will show there Thirty percent for projects as set torth in proved May 26, 1928 ( 45 Stat. 750) , there is are on hand $12,750,000 urider the 1944 paragraph (b) of section 3 of the Federal­ hereby authorized to be appropriated the act. There will be a similar amount un­ Aid Highway Act of 1944 (58 Stat. 838), ex­ ~urn of $6,000,000 for the fiscal year ending der the act of 1948; so that there will cept that for the purposes of this act and June 30, 1950, a like sum for the fiscal year be dver $25,000,000 on hand to take care all subsequent acts continuing the postwar ending June 30, 1951, and a like sum for the construction and reconstruction .of highways ol the gentlema-n's problem. fiscal year ending June 30, 1952: Provided, Mr. D'EWART. I have checked with in a_ccordance with the provisions of the Fed­ That the location,. type, and design of all eral-Aid Highway Act of 1944, (1) the term the Park Service since 'r talked with the "secondary and feeder roads" and the term roads and bridges constructed shall be ap­ chairman of the subcommittee, and they "principal secondary and feeder roads," proved by the Public Roads Administration before any expenditures are made thereon, advise me that in the case of park roads wherever used in the Federal-Aid Highway and trails, every dollar they had appro­ Act of 1944, shall include county and town­ and all such -construction shall be under the ship roads; and (2) in selecting county and general supervision of the Public Roads Ad- priated will be obligated -on June 30. It township roads on w ich funds are to be ex­ ministration. · will all be obligated. The difficulty they pended, the State highway· departments shall SEc. 4. All provisions of the Federal-Aid had up to that time in cbligating this coopei"ate with to·,·mst..ip trustees and other /Highway Act of 1944, approved December 20, fund was, first, a Presidential order appropriate local road officials: and. 1944 (58 Stat. 838) , not in'consistent with this limiting the cop.tracts, and, second, lack • Twenty-five percent for projects on the act, shall remain in full force and effect. of machinery: I know that in the Yel ... Federal-aid highway system in urban areas. SEc. 5. This act may be cited a5 the Fed,­ lowstone. Park the machinery went to The said sums, respectively, for any fiscal eral-Aid Highway Act of 19_48. year, shall be apportioned among the ·several to the Alcan Highway, and they have not States in the manner now provided by law Mr. DONDERO (interrupting' the been able to replace it. Third, the -cost and in accordance with the formulas set reading of the bUD . Mr. Chairman, I of construction of these roads is going forth- in section 4 of the Federal-Aid High­ ask unanimous consent that the further up, and this program does not start until way Act of 1944 approved December 2Q, 1944. reading of the bill be dispensed with and a year from now. Therefore, tliis in­ · Any sums apportioned to any State under that the bill be open for amendment by creased authorization is needed, if we are the provisions of this section shall be avail­ section. . going to do the construction that needs to able for expenditure in that State for three be done inside the parks. - fiscal years after the close of the fiscal year The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection for which such sums are authorized, and to the request of the gentleman from Mr. DONDERO. Even though this bili any amount so apportioned remaining un­ Michigan [Mr. DONDERO]? does not begin to operate for a year, you expended at the end of such period shall There was no objection. have all the money under the 1944 act, elapse: Provided, That suc)l funds shall be The CHAIRMAN. Are tpere any ·on whieh to continue the construction of deemed to have been expended if covered amendments to section 1? · these roads and trails. Even though the by formal agreement with the Commissioner money is provided for' in the old bill, it of Public Roads ror the improvement of a Are there any· amendments to sec­ specific project as provi_ded by this act. tion 2? may not be entirely appropriated for that SEC. 2. For the purpose. of carrying out the Are there any amendments to sec­ purpose. Nevertheless, you will have provisions of section 23 of the Federal-Aid tion_3? plenty of inoney to take care of the needs Highway Act of 1921 (42 Stat. 218), as Mr. D'EWART. Mr. Chairman, I in- all of the gentleman's State and all amended and supplemented, there is hereby the other Western States. · authorized to be appropriated the sum of offer an amendment. ·The Clerk read as follows: . Mr. D'EWART. Most of that will be $25,000,000 for forest highways for the fiscal 1. year ending June 30, 1950, a like sum for the Amendment offered "by Mr. . D'EWART: On obligated on July The $4,700,000 in­ fiscal year ending June 30, 1952; and there is page 4, line 11, strike out ''$4,250,000" and cludes all of the funds that have been hereby authorized to be appropriated the insert "$10,000,00(}." appropriated up until that date. In other. sum of $12,500,000 for. forest development words~~. there will ·be 'no balance and roads and trails for the fiscal year ending Mr. D'EvVART. Mr. Chairman, the they will start with the authorization June 30, _1950, a lUre sum for the fiscal year purpose of this amendment is .to in­ under this bill when the-time comes. ending June 30, 1951, and a like sum for the crease the authorization for the national fiscal year ending June 30, l952, and there Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, will parks' for roads a.nd trails from $4,250,000 the gentleman yield? is hereby authorized to be appropriated the to $10,000,000. These roads and trails · sum of .$12,500,000 for forest development a-re found in 179 different areas 'adminis­ Mr. D'EWART. I yield. roads and trails for the fiscal year ending tered by the national parks. They have Mr. McGREGOR. I think possibly June 30, 1950, a like sum for the fiscal year the gentleman's figures ori the amount ending June 30, 1951, and a like sum for the 6,359 in...iles of highway, roads and trails, ' of which 4,.934 are completed, le-aving appropriated is absolutely correct. I fiscal year ending June 30, 1952, subject to the might respectfully re:Per the gentleman proviso in section 9 of the Federal-Aid High­ 1,425 that are not completed. way Act of 1'944 respecting the apportionment to the fact, however, that the amount The maintenance of these roads and authorized is different from the amount for forest highways in Alaska. trails requires at least $3,000,000 per year SEC. 3, (a) For the construction, recon­ appropriated. struction, improvement, and maintenance of and maintenance costs are going up, just Mr. D'EWART. That iS correct. roads and trails, inclusive of necessary as are new construction costs. Mr. McGREGOR. I think the au­ bridges, in national parks, monuments, and Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, thorization is sufficient to carry out the other areas -administered by the National will the gentleman yield? gentleman's program and I recognize his Park Service, including areas authorized to Mr. D'EWART. I yield. be established as national parks and monu­ interest in it. I think it .is well founded, ments, and national park and monument Mr. CUNNINGHAM. I am advised that but I think the authorization ·is suffi­ approach roads authorized by , the act of practically none of the $4,250,000 for each of the 3 fiscal years authorized to cient. The appropriation must be ex­ January 31, 1931 (46 Stat. 1053), as amended, tended if the gentleman expects to get there is hereby authorized to be appropriated be appropriated in the act of 1944 has the sum of $4,250,000 for the fiscal year .end­ been-used. Therefore, there is a siz­ his program into effect. ing June 30, 1950, a like sum for the fiscal able balance under the 1944 act. Mr. D'EWART. If I understand cor­ year ending June 30, 1951, and a like sum for Mr. D'EWART. That is true at the rectly, the authorization under the orig­ the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952. present time. inal }Jill can be added to the authoriza­ (b) For the construction and maintenance tion under this bill and they can pro­ of parkways, ·to give access to national parks Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, and national monuments, or to become con­ will the gentleman yield? ceed under the total authorization. necting sections of a national parkway plan, Mr. D'EWART. I yield. Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Chairman, over lands to which title has been transferred Mr. WHITTINGTON. In addition .to will the gentleman yield? to the United States by the States or by that statement,, the further fact is_that Mr. D'EWART. I yield. private individuals, there is hereby author­ Mr. WHITTINGTON. The gentle­ ized to be appropriated the sum of $10,000,000 there are other funds that are used for for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1950, a like the maintenance .and for the construction map. is correct, because there· is no

. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4345 matching here and the funds remain garding the use of previous authoriza­ Percent I . available until spent. The proper com­ tions of Federal funds for their road pro­ contribu· Percent mittee for the gentleman to go to is the gram. I was very gratified to have their State tion of receipts Federal under Committee on Appropriations. reports as they indicated the necessity of revenue H. R. 5888 Th.e CHAIRMAN. The time of the receiving additional assistance to com- gentleman from Montq,na has expired. - plete their highway systems. The Texas North Dakota______0. i 1.2 M-r. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, State. Highway Department determines 6. 2 4.1 I rise in opposition to the amendment. the new road construction or the roads g~~iloffia_-:::======. 8 2. 1 to be improved in cooperation with the . 7 1.5 Mr. Chairman, I am opposed to the ~~=~!'Vania: :::::::::::::::: 7. 6 5. 1 amendment. I think it is unwise and county officia].s. Rhode Island __ ------. 6 . 6 Testimony offered at the hearings on· South Carolina ______. 5 1. 3 entirely inappropriate in this bill for the South Dakota ______.1 1.4 reasons stated by the gentleman from the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1948 in­ Tennessee . . ______. 9 2.1 Texas ______• ____ ~ Mississippi [Mr. WHITTINGTON] just a dicated that-the program provided in this Utah ______2. 8 5. 8 .2 1.0 moment ago, and the fact that there are bill is a conservative one when measured .1 .4 unexpended funds. against the urgent needs for highway 1. 9 1. 8 ~ r:~~i~~======1. 3 1.5 I do want to express my appreciation improvement. Mr. D. C. Greer, State . 5 1.1 to the gentleman from Montana [Mr. highway engineer for Texas, has dis­ 1. 9 2. 4 cussed the highway needs of Texas with ~r,~~r~~~==~~=~= ~ ~~~=~~~ .1 1.0 ·D'EWART], who offered the amendment. District of Columbia ______1.2 .6 I know his problem, but, as stated, it is a me and expressed the approval of his· Puerto Rico ______... ______0 .6 matter for him to take to the Appropria­ department for the enactment of this HawaiL ___------__ . 3 . 5 tions Committee. If we were to adopt legislation. TotaL ______.---- 100· 100 this amendment I feel it would disrupt The allotment for Texas fron these the entire highway program and open yearly grants will amount to $28,433,000, What worries me is my inability to the bill wide to other amendments and with approximately_ $10,000,000 of this determine where Federal aid will en:d. would destroy a well-rounded well­ amount earm·arked for secondary roads It feeds o'n itself and will corttinue so to planned program. or farm-to-market roads. Mr. Chair­ do until there is an awakening on the In the hearings before our committee, man, I sincerely believe that the Nation part of those who pay the cost. I hope Mr. Chairman, this matter was not as well as the several States will benefit the~ wake up before the country goes brought up unless it was by one member immeasurably from this legislation which bankrupt. of the Department. No testimony was will result in an improved highway sys­ The CHAIRMAN. Are there further given to show the committee that it was tem. amendments? [After a pause.] There necessary to increase this amount. We Mr. BUCK. Mr. Chairman, this is being no further amendments, under the see no reason why it should be increased but another example of the Federal Gov­ rule, the Committee rises. at this time. I am_therefore opposed to ernment stepping in and doing for the the amendment. States what the States ought to do for Thereupon the Committee rose; and The CHAIRMAN. The question is on themselves. A majority of the Members the Speaker having resumed the cl:l.air, the amendment offered by the gentle­ of- this' House still seem to believe that Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin, Chairman of man from Montana. there is magic in paying tax money into the Committee of the Whole House on The amendment was rejected. Washington and receiving it back in the the State of the Union, reported that Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, I ask form of Federal aid. The majority is that Committee, having had under con­ unanimous consent that my colleague wrong. The magic applies only to cer­ sideration the bill Indiana ______. 2.3 2.5 Iowa __------______.9 2. 3 the Sergeant at Arms will notify absent The inadequacies of our farm roads Kansas ______------______• .9 2. 2 Members, and the Clerk will call the roll. were demonstrated during the recent se­ 1. 9 1.8 vere weather of the past winter. The .9 1. 5 The question was taken; and there M!ga~ine~~~ __~l_-:======------= ===--= -= .3 . 8 were-yeas 278, nays 6, not voting 146, as Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1948 will Maryland ______1. 7 . 1. 0 provide for a Federal grant ·of $150;- Massachusetts ______3. 4 2. 1 follows: Michigan __ ------4. 6 3. 4 [Roll No. 42] 000,000 per year for 3 years for projects 1. 6 2.5 which include farm-to-market roads, . . 3 1.6 YEAS-278> 2. 7 2. 9 Abernethy Andresen, · Banta rural free-delivery mail, and public­ Montana ______--- __ _ .2 1.7 SiE:f~~:======Albert _ Aug~st H. Barrett school bus routes. This type of construc­ Nebraska._------____ _ .7 !. 7 Allen, Calif. Andrews, Ala. Bates, Ky. Nevada ____ ------_; _----- ·l 1.0 tion· is most urgently needed today. New Hampshire ______.2 .5 Allen; La. Andrews, N.Y. Bates, Mass. In recent weeks I have corresponded New Jersey------­ 8.2 2.0 Almond Angell Beall with all of the county judges and com­ New l\1exico. ------­ .1 i.3 Andersen, Arends Beckworth New York __------~------19.7 7.0 H. Carl Arnold Bennett, Mich. missioners in the Sixth Texas District re- North Carolina ______8. 0 2. 3 Anderson, Cali!. Auchincloss Blackney 4346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE i\PRIL 12 Bland :Hardy Morrison Elston Kunkel Reed, Ill. Mr. Hugh D. Scott, Jr., with Mr. Powell: Bloom Harless, Ariz. Morton Evins Lane Richards Mr. Weichel with Mr. Sadowski. Boggs, Del. Harris Muhlenberg Fallon Latham Rooney Bonner Hart Multer Feighan Lea SadHtk The result of the vote was announced Bramblett Harvey Murdock Fletcher Lichtenwalter Sadowski Brehm· Havenner Murray, Wis. Fulton Ludlow St. George as above recorded. Brooks Hays Nixon Gallagher Lusk Scoblick A motion to reconsider was laid OJ1 the Brophy Hebert · Norblad Gamble McGarvey Scott, Hardie table. · Brown, Ga. Hedrick O'Hara Garmatz McMahon Scott, . Brown, Ohio Hess Pace Gary McMillen, Ill. Hugh D., Jr. · GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND REMARKS Bryson Hill Passman Gavin Maloney Sikes Buchanan Hobbs Patman Gillie Manasco · Simpson, Ill. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, I ask Burke Hoeven Patterson Gordon Marcantonio Smith, Ohio unanimous consent that all Members Busbey Hoffman Peden Gore Meade, Md. ' Somers may have five legislative days within Butler Holmes Peterson Gorski Merrow Stevenson Byrne, N.Y. Hope Phillips, Calif. Grant, Ala. Miller, Nebr. Stigler which to revise and extend their own re­ Byrnes, Wis. Horan Phillips, Tenn. Griffiths Mitchell Stratton marks on the bill just passed. .Camp Huber Pickett Gross Morgan Sundstrom The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Cannon Hull -Plumley Hand Mundt Taylor Carson Jackson, Wash. Poage · Harness, Ind. Murray, Tenn. Thompson the request of the gentleman from Mich­ Case, S.Dak. Javits Potter Harrison Nodar Tibbott igan [Mr. DONDERO]? ' Chelf Jenison Potts Hartley Norrell Towe There was no objection. Church Jenkins, Ohio Poulson Heffernan Norton Twyman Clason Jenkins, Fa. Preston Hendricks · O'Brien Vail TUESDAY'S SPECIAL ORDERS TRANS­ Clevenger Jennings Priest Herter O'Konski Vorys FERRED TO WE~ESDAY Coffin Jensen Rankin Hinshaw O'Toole Walter Cole, Mo. Johnson, Calif. Redden Holifield Owens Weichel Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask Combs Johnson, Ill. Reed, N.Y. Isacson Pfeifer West Cooper Johnson, Ind. Rees Jackson, Calif. Philbin Whitten unanimous consent that the special or­ Cox Johnson, Okla. Reeves Jarman Ploeser Wilson, Ind. ders entered for tomorrow may be trans­ Cravens Johnson, Tex. Regan Kefauver Powell Wolverton ferred to the following day, Wednes ay. Crawford Jones, Ala. Rich Kelley Price, Fla. Wood Crosser Jones, N.C. Riehlman Kennedy Price, Ill. Worley The SPEAKER. · Is there objection to Crow Jones, Wash. Riley Keogh Rains the request of the gentleman from Cunningham Jonkman Rivers Kersten, Wis. Ramey Indiana? Curtis Judd Rizley Kilburn R~v,Yburn Dague Karsten, Mo. Robertson There was no objection. Davis, Ga. Kearney Rockwell So the bill was passed. ADJOURNMENT OVER Davis, Tenn. Kearns Rogers, Fla. The Clerk announced the following Davis, Wis. Kee Rogers, Mass. Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask Dawson, Utah Keefe Rohrbough pairs: · unanimous consent that when the House Deane Kerr Ross General pairs until further notice: Delaney Kilday Russell adjourns today it adjourn to meet at Devitt King Sabath Mr. Allen of Illinois with Mr. Rayburli. noon on Wednesday next. D'Ewart Kirwan Sanborn Mr. Wolverton with Mr. Gordon. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Dirl~sen Klein Sarbacher Mr. Hand with Mr. Gorski. Dolliver Knutson Sasscer Mr. Kilburn with Mr. Boggs of Louisiana. the request of the gentleman from Domengeaux Landis Schwabe, Mo. Mr. Jackson of California with Mr. Whitten. Indiana? Dcmdero Lanham Schwabe, Okla. Mr. Simpson of Illinois with Mr. Gary. There was no objection. Daughton Larcade Scrivner Durham · LeCompte Seely-Brown Mr. Sundstrom with Mr. Carroll. THE VIRGIN ISLANDS CORPORATION Eaton LeFevre Shafer Mrs. St. George with Mr. Garmatz. Eberharter Lemke Sheppard Mr. Reed of Illinois with Mr~ Fallon. Mr. WELCH. i ask unanimous con- Ellis · Lesinski Short Mr. Bender with Mr. Meade of Maryland. sent t'o file a supplemental report on the Ellsworth Lewis Simpson, Pa. Mr. Case of New Jersey with Mr. Price of bill

. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4347. District Court of the United States for The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read The Clerk read the Senate amend- - the District of Columbia to give testi­ the·subpena. ments, as follows: mony on April 14, 1948, at 10 a. m., in The Clerk read as follows: Page 1, lines 5 and 6, strike out "War the case of the United States against SUMMONS Department" and insert "Department of the George Marshall, which is a congres­ DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE Army." sional contempt proceeding. Under the DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, CRIMINAL DIVISION · Page 1, line 7, strike out "1947" and insert "1948." precedents of the House I am unable United States of America v. John Howard to comply with this summons without Lawson. No. 1352-47 .Page 1, line 8, strike out "War" and insert "the Army." the consent of the Hoiise, the· privileges To JOHN McDoWELL, of Pennsylvania, of the House being involved. I therefore Page 2, line 19, strike out "1948" and insert 121 Old House Office Building: "1949." submit the matter for the consideration You are hereby summoned to appear be­ of this body. fore the District Court of the United States Page 2, line 19, strike out "War" and insert The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read for the District of Columbia at the District "the Army." the subpena. Cou~thouse in the city of washington, D. C., Page 3, line 1, strike out "War Department" on the 12th day of April 1948 at 10 o'clock and insert "Department of the Army." The Clerk read as follows: a. m. to answer. an indictment charging the Page 3, lines 10 and 11, strike out "War SUBPENA To TESTIFY defendant with violation of section 192, title Department" and insert "Department of the DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE 2, U. S. Code. Army." DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, CRIMINAL DIVISION HARRY M. HuLL, Clerk. Amend the title so as to read: "An act to J. HARDIN PETERSON, By HELEN M. MciNTOSH, transfer the Remount Service from the De­ Deputy Clerk. partment of the Army to the Department of Room 1226, New House Office Building, Agriculture." . Washington, D. a. Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I offer You are hereby commanded to appear in a privileged resolution and ask for its The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the District Court of the United States for immediate consideration. the request of the gentleman from New the District of Columbia at Criminal Court York? No. 1, United States District Courthou!)e, in .The Clerk read as follows: the city of Washington on the 14th day of . House Resolution 528 There was no objection . April 1948 at 10 o'clock a. m., to testify in Whereas Representative JoHN McDoWELL The Senate amendments were ·con­ the case of the United States v. George Mar­ has been served with a subpena to appear as curred in. shall, Criminal No. 367-47. a witness before the District Court of the A motion to reconsider was laid on the This subpena is issued on application of United States for the District of Columbia to table. the defendant. testify at 10 a. m. on the 12th day of April The SPEAKER pro tempore

a measure of its importance. The rain­ generating capacity from the United to better the product so that this syn 4 fall in Russia is light, but the volume States under lend-lease also shows the thetic material will stand up in subzero :tlow of the streams is large as a result of direction in which that nation is pro­ temperatures and meet all military and the extreme size of the drainage area ceeding to build a modernized military commercial requirements. Private in­ c?vered. The Volga River is perhaps the industrial set-ul?. dustry should be encouraged to expand nchest source of power in Europe. By ELECTRICAL EXPORTS TO RUSSIA these Government-owned facilities in the construction of a series of storage order to place this Nation in a position and .generating dams on th.e Volga it is Knowing the Russian intent of ex­ of complete rubber independence. pan~ing power production as rapidly as possible to secure a-power output of some possible, I was interested in securing 'There is a vast field for the commer­ 50,000,000,000 to 60,000,000,000 kilowatt­ the amount of electrical equipment ex­ ~ial utilization of synthetic rubber, and hours per year. This amount of electric ports to Russia in the last 7 years. Ac­ 1~ can be made just as valuable a peace­ power is equivalent to the entire Ameri­ cordingly, I asked the Legislative Refer­ time commodity as it is a wartime neces­ can electric output in 1925 and one­ sity. Due to the apparent commercial quarter of our entire national output in ence Service of the Congressional Li­ brary to find out for me the dollar value opportunities this Federal synthetic­ 1947, which exceeded our peak war out­ rubber program should be placed on a put. The lay-out which Mr. Willkie de­ of such exports. I am advised by that Service that such exports from 1941 sound, self-liquidating basis. I mention scribed was that of the Ruybyshev plant synthetic _rubber as an example of what located on what is known as the ~ great through 1947 amount to $261,440,000, of which amount 90 percent represented can be done to repair any lack of critical - S~ma~a Bend of the Volga. Ruybyshev, electrical equipment obtained. under materials. . w1th 1ts companion plants, Kamyshin Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, /Will the and Don Volga; will alone produce some lend-lease. Sixty-eight million one hun­ dred and seventy thousand dollars of gentleman yield? 30,000,000,000· kilowatt-hours, which is Mr. · STOCKMAN. I yield to the gen­ two and one-half times the ultimate pro­ this total represented Diesel-generating equipment. This amount of . money tleman from Missouri. ~uction of Grand Coulee_and nearly 10 would purchase approximately half the Mr. SHO~T. What the distinguished times the production of Bonneville. The and able gentleman from Oregon is giv­ upper and lower dams of the river sys­ number of kilowatts scheduled to be in­ tem will gen.erate, on completion, about stalled in the McNary project. ing the House is not only extremely in­ the same kilowatt-hours as given for The export of . electric generators, te~esting but highly valuable. I do not these three plants. transforming, converting, and motor ap­ thmk he could discuss a subject of more paratus represented $183,370,000. S1,1ch vital importance to this ·country and its · Russia is also rapidly rebuilding the people at this hoUr than the one he has Dnieperstroi project. All of ·this adds equipment usually represents about dne­ fifth of the over-all cost of such pn)j­ dealt with this afternoon in such a com­ up to the fact that Russia is building prehensive, clear, and concise manner. for the time that her scientists have ects as McNary. Therefore we have given the Russians the key 'equipment The gentleman is aware of the fact, of solved the practical details of producing course, that the Committee on Armed atomic energy. equivalent to build some $900,000,000 worth of generating stations, or the Services recently reported a bill which What I have briefly described _covers equivalent of at least four McNary proj­ h.a~ passed both Houses of Congress pro­ the ~ntire material situation applying ects. "Xet at this time we only appro­ VIdmg for the continuation of operation to air power, and the all-out military of these synthetic-rubber plants which utilization of atomic energy. All of this priate on a basis of bringing McNary into production by 1958, and postpone the we built at the beginning and during the effort rests on the construction of a construction of the Foster Creek project. wa.r at a cost of $700,000,000. We re­ solid energy base-practically all being In addition to this generating equipment qwre under this legislation that 225 000 hydro power. we exported to Russia in the same period tons of synthetic rubber be used e~ch Russian mineral and fuel explorations $19,895,000 of transmission-line electri- year along with the natural product and have not been nearly as extensive as cal · equipment. • that we keep enough plants in a stand­ ours, but with 8,000,000 square miles of SYNTHETIC RUBBER by condition with a maximum capacity of territory, or one 4 se.venth of the total land 600,000 tons of synthetic rubber a year, if area of the globe, the operation of natural . All are familiar with our unfortunate . n~cessary, so that our national security laws shows that Russian resources are rubber experience in the last war. This Will be guaranteed so far as that particu­ much greater than pelieved. However, experience forcibly demonstrates that lar item is concerned. we do know these facts with a fair degree we cannot depend on a foreign source The very able and distinguished Mem­ of certainty covering Russian resources: for any critical defense material. If it ber from Michigan [Mr. SHAFER] ren­ First. Russia's coal reserves are only were not for the outstanding American dered a great service not only to this second to ours, and are conservatively technological genius and the amazing · House ~ut to our country and its people estimated as about 1,400,000,000,000 tons. pro.duction feats of a war-devised syn~ by gettmg that bill passed by this body Second. Russia has at least one-third ~be tic-rubber industry, an Allied victory and agreed to by the Senate. of the world's oil reserves, and perhaps 1z: the .last war might have been impos­ . Since the gentleman has so graciously more, as recent geophysical tests indi­ Sible. To, handle this emergency, the Yielded to me, may I say that last year he cate a vast oil pool around the Caspian Federal Government built sufficient syn­ will recall we passed a bill that would Sea, more extensive than the Arabian thetic-rubber plants to produce some have continued premium payments on pool. · 675,000 tons of synthetic-rubber an­ nually. lead, zinc; copper, and manganese $70- Third. She has extensive hydro power 000,000 over the next 2 years, but which potential, about equally divided between - Germany was likewise handicapped by was unfortunately and unwisely vetoed Europe and Asia. The satellite states of ~a ving its rubber o.nd petroleum supply by the President of the. United States. the Balkans, also Poland, and Austria are lines cut. The Germans also produced I am happy to inform the gentleman all rich in potential hydro power. synthetic rubber and synthetic lubri­ cants as well as synthetic gasoline. The and other Members of the · House that Fourth. Russia has a wider strategic· experts tell us, however, that the Ger­ we have been given assurances from the mineral diversity than any like area on man drive into Russia failed because leadership that the Russell bill intro­ the globe. these synthetic materials did not hold duced by the gentleman's colleague from No wonder Russia has included Scan­ ~P . in extremely low temperatures, cut­ Nevada with a few amendments that dinavia in its expansion plans. Norway tmg air-force activities and stopping-the have been adopted by the committee will has more developed hydro ·horsepower lines of communication. By all means perhaps be called up for consideration per 1,000 populatiort, than any nation on this Nation shpuld preserve, both in at an early date on this :floor. They can­ the globe. Norway's potential-per 1,000 stand-by and operating condition suffi­ n~t .brin~ it forth too soon, because the. population-is 10 times that of the United cient synthetic-rubber plants to p;oduce critical situation of our-stock pile is such States. The prewar statistics show that 675,000 tons annually when and if as to cause all of us grave alarm. Norway had 715 developed hydro horse­ needed. These facilities should be leased · I hope that the gentleman and other power per 1,000 population, compared to. to private industrial concerns under lease Members will give this bill their whole­ our figure of 129 horsepower. Finland arrangements requiring at least· one­ hearted support in order that we can fs also rich in hydro power. The fact third of these plants being operated. have le.ad, ~inc, copper, and manganese that Russia secured a large amount of Also, we · need further experimentation ~tock Piled m case of an emergencv ~ 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4351 Mr. STOCKMAN. I thank my col­ tional power dams. I am therefore ask­ would have drawn power away from league from Missouri, and I am pleased ing that the Congress hasten the con­ other essential industries. to learn that he concurs in the senti.:. struction of McNary and Hungry Horse Other war industries used huge ments I express here today; Dams and appropriate funds for starting · amounts of Federal power. One-sixth of Mr. DURHAM. Mr. Speaker, will the the Foster Creek project. All ·of these the magnesium capacity of the country gentleman . yield? projects are located in the Pacific North­ was contained in two plants which de­ Mr. STOCKMAN. I yield to the gen­ west. pended upon Bonneville, Grand Coulee, tleman from North Carolina. I am not now arguing for special treat­ and Boulder Dams. Mr. DURHAM. The gentleman is dis­ ment of the Northwest on the grounds Much of the wartime production of cussing a subject that has been of deep of patriotism. I ·am merely arguing for calcium carbide necessary for the weld­ concern to me for the past 9 years or the rapid construction of Federal dams­ inc of ships also came from the Federal more. I am also glad to hear my col- wherever they may be located-provided hydros. The production of phosphorus - league the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. such dams will produce industrial power for war chemicals also denended on these SHORT] state that there is a movement on with adequa~e characteristics, and at the hydros. foot to bring back this bill that we passed same time enable such defense industries Ferroalloys for battleship and tank last year, concerning premium payments to continue in business and thereby per­ armor plate, and chlorine for war chemi­ to help out these marginal mines. The manently add to our national security ·cals largely came from these same power gentleman has said that stock piling and national economy. With such a pro­ sources . .alone will not solve this whole problem. vision we can secure the most important Particularly in the Northwest, Liberty I agree with him on that. Those who element of a defense set-up on a self­ ships and Victory ships and the Boeing have reviewed this stock piling act which liquidating basis. bombers drew construction power from was set up by Public· Law 520 in 1946, It so happens that the Columbia River the Federal dams. If we add up the- war an~ especially those of us connected with has the greatest untapped reservoir of cost and the cost of all these power the Committee on the Armed Services, low-cost power among all rivers of the projects we will find that the power have been deeply concerned about this United States. The large dams already foundation for victory cost less than one­ matter, but so little thought has been built at Bonneville and Grand Coulee half of 1 percent of the total war cost. given to it by some people downtown. played a highly important part in win­ In other words, what the Federal power A few weeks ago I introduced a bill to ning World War II. With all the power sources saved the country in war costs raise the authorization to $500,000,000 , that these two dams can produce there would have easily paid for the entire in- an<:l I am happy to say that the Presi­ is at least 10 times as much power yet to _vestment and for the future investments dent, in the last few days, has recom­ be developed from the Columbia system. that I am now recommending, Never­ mended an increase in his budget. If Because of special geography of this river theless, in spite of this war saving, such this development of hydroelectric power system, this hydro power can be pro­ _projects are actually completely self­ will increase the stock piling· in this duced at the lowest cost of any such de- _ liquidating because of their peacetime country, I will certainly support the gen­ velopment in the country. It can be pro­ potentialities. tleman in any effort he carries out in duced with the least flooding of farm I am certain that these facts are not that direction. lands and towns, and with very little cost widely appreciated. We must therefore Mr. STOCKMAN. I apprecia~e those for road relocation. refresh · our memories on the power kind and favorable comments. The St. Lawrence project is a large one, shortages developed early in World With l'!,n adequate .energy base, syn­ but the amount of ~,ower from this proj­ War II in order to secure an adequate ap­ thetic products can be devised to meet ect that will accrue on the American side .praisal of the present situation. the major part of our needs. This Na­ is small compared to the potentialities of WAR POWER SHORTAGES tion will have no opportunity to develop the Columbia. Of course, there are other In 1940 this country was not worried tin, but, aside from the use of tin in bear­ smaller dams in the country that fall in about a power shortage. The officials ings, there is no reason why we cannot the low-cost classification tha~ can be ·and consultants of the war agencies develop synthetic tin substitutes out· of built, but, regardless of where these other actually opposed expanding the then forest wastes, if we make cheap power dams are to be locatecl we must proceed authorized Federal power projects, espe­ available. · with the rapid construction of those cially those in the Pacific Northwest. NATIONAL POLICY AND SECURITY dams where the output characteristics This history was reviewed in detail in the Today this Nation is committed to a have been demonstrated. We need to aluminum hearings before the Senate policy of firmness in its foreign relations. proceed on such a program if we are to Small. Business Committee on May 14. We are now talking about backing up this secure adequate military, industrial, and 1945. The official records exist to sub­ firmness by an expansion of our Air Force economic strength. stantiate every ·point I am now making. and increasing our military manpower. Without the Federal dams, World War In these hearings the attitude of the However, we must remember that the ex­ II would have been much more costly power consultant to the Office of Pro­ pert observers across the ocean are hard­ both in dollars and in human lives and duction Management was sltown by his headed realists. the war would have lasted much longer. own official record, when he stated in We are considering many plans, but in More than 60 percent of the aluminum 1940: so doing are we not repeating a previous used by the Air Forces came from such r·am convinced • • • that our Govern­ mistake? It appears that we are now hydro power. If this power ha-d not been ment can count upon ·the availability of an available, either our Air Forces would · adequate power supply for nation.al defense making the same mistake we made just without the need for expenditures or other before the start of World War II. There have been cut in half or the power used special measures on its

435.6 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 policy as sudden· and capiicious as the marchers and · spectators. Thirteen Arab appeasement now being practiced change from partition when the General States were represented in the parade, by the administration with respect to Assembly meets. ' and other major veterans' organizations Palestine is the very policy which jeop­ CONGRESS AND THE PEOPLE NOW IN CHARGE sent bandS and participating Units 'to ardizes our national security, rather than With a tragic and unsuccessful effort demonstrate their sympathy and their . the other way around. For it s~ems very to appease the small Arab States and the devot ion to the cause of justice for Pales­ clear to us that the violence and disorder pro-Nazi Grand Mufti before us as the tine. The New York Times reported that in the Middle East already created is administration policy to date, there among the marchers were, "W3tr maimed greatly increased by this administration seems little hope that we will see any veterans, heads lifted proudly, who policy. real American leadership in the General earned applause as they passed." The It seems to us that the United States Assembly. This means that the solution chief police inspector in charge, Martin policy reversal was an unmistakable ges­ to the problem is likely to be up to the . J. Brown, said it was the biggest crowd ture of support to the Arabs fighting the Congress and to our Citizens. The ob- ever in the park. This was the people's Jews in Palestine, though, no doubt, not jectives must be to see that the holy answer. There are appended reports so intended, which induced them to be­ places in Palestine are not defiled by from the New York Times and the New lieve they courd proceed with impunity blood and violence, and perhaps even de- York Herald Tribune of April 5, 1948, on and expectation of success to defy the strayed; that the Arab fanatics armed the JWV parade. UN. It also was likely to have proved a by the SUrrounding Arab StateS dO not FAILURE BY AUTHORS TO EXPLAIN POLICY spur to the desperate men in the Jewish make a charnel house of the Holy Land; REVERSAL extremist groups who could argue that that these same Arab States do not con- A calculated effort is new being made it showed the futility of moderation and tinue to arm the Arab guerrillas or to - to scare the people of the United States compromise. engage directly in armed aggression - with respect to the Palestine issue by The break-down of the authority of ' against Palestine's Jews; that Great some individuals, among others, who are the United Nations, the jeopardy of the Britain does not openly or covertly aid interested in' the expansion of the power historic shrines of Christendom, Juda­ and abet Jhe Arab intransigeance; that and financial resources of the major ism, and Mohammedanism in and Jewish extremists are prevented from American oil companies whi:ch are devel­ around Jerusalem, and the impairment taking the law into their own hands; and oping the middle eastern oil fields; and of the leadership and prestige of the that peace is not jeopardized in Pales- by administration officials, who, follow­ United States in connection with the tine. ing a bankrupt British line, are basing Palestine issue are the most calculated to - There have been referred to the House our policy on the. belief that the Arabs jeopardize the national security of the Committee op Foreign Affairs on Pales- will be a buffer against the possible in­ United States. Turbulence and violence tine problems, seven joint resolutions, cursion of the Soviets into the Middle would be an open invitation to the Sovi­ four concurrent resolutions Kentucky; EDWARD J. DEVITT, "you need take no lessons in American pa­ were packed so tightly that many of the Fourth District, Minnesota; FRANKLIN triotism from Loy Henderson, or from Rob­ parade spectators could not crowd ln. Loud­ J. MALONEY, Fourth District, Pennsyl­ ert Lovett, or from James Forrestal, or from speakers carried the talks to all corners of vania; CHRISTIAN A. HERTER, Tenth Dis­ Terry Duce and the ail lobbyists." the square. trict, Massachusetts; MARGARET CHASE Senator BREWSTER said that "from the Abraham Kraditor, past national com­ SMITH, Second District, Maine; J. standpoint of our national security, the oil mander of the Jewish War Veterans, was CALEB BoGGS, Representative at Large, reserves of the Middle East are not worth a the grand marshal of the parade, and Archie Delaware; THRUSTON BALLARD MORTON, tinker's damn-this is the testimony of every H. Greenberg, also a past national com­ Third District, Kentucky; .l'ACOB K. competent and responsible military author­ mander, was the chairman of the meeting. JAVITS, Twenty-first District, New ity." It was a sympathetic audience that lis­ York; JOHN C. BROPHY, Fourth Dis­ "In the event of any trouble," Mr. tened to the denunciations of American policy trict, Wisconsin; ELLSWORTH B. FOOTE, BREWSTER said, "the American and British on Palestine. The crowd jeered and booed Third District, Connecticuti DAVID M. oil developments in the Middle East will references to the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, PoTTS, Twenty-sixth District, New simply serve the Soviet" because "logistics the oil companies, the State Department, York; FRANCIS J. LOVE, First District, plus American-built transportation (rail­ and in one instance the President. It West Virginia; GORDON CANFIELD, roads and truck lines) insure possession by cheered assurances of the formation of a Eighth District, New Jersey; WILLIA!Ointed out, the publishers se­ voted." It was such a veto, General Klein ·the manufacturers of. razor blades, candy lected the vendors and designated their said, that "murdered the League of Nations." makers, and fruit growers "is precisely place, days, and hours of service. The Rabbi Joseph H. Lookstein, acting president the same as it is to the newspaper pub­ assertion by the gentleman from Cali­ of the Mizrachi Organization of America, lishers whose newspapers they dispose of gave a memorial prayer for the Jews killed in fornia cannot be reconciled by the facts to the ultimate consumer." of the Hearst case. Palestine. Deputy Mayor John J. Bennett Now what are the facts? As set forth said the greatness of this country lies in its in the opinion of the court, the follow­ Beyond· the merits of this particular welcome to all races, creeds, and nationalities, ing distinctions clearly justify the con­ bill it is now quite clear, as it may not which have made our people sensitive to the have oeen at the tinie th~ bill-was orig­ claims of freedom and justice everywhere. clusion that the news vendors of Mr. inally passed by the House, that this is During the parade, members of the Stern Hearst were subject to such control that _group were distributing leaflets that bore the even under the common-law concept of but·a part of a three-pronged attack by black-bordered inscriptions, "In memoriam to master and servant they would be held the Eightieth Congress against the so­ the British soldiers who will die in the fight to be the employees of the newspaper cial-security legislation that has oeen for the freedom of Israel" and "British sol­ publisher: enacted over the past decade. This diers will not leave Palestine May 15." First- charge is readily documented: First, there is the Republican record on rail­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under Throughout the period in question the previous order of the House, the gentle­ vendors were represented by a labor union of road retirement legislaticm. Second, man from Pennsylvania [Mr. EBER­ their own choosing chartered by the Amer­ House Joint Resolution 296, now pending HARTER] . is recognized for 30 minutes. ican Federation of Labor in all dealings with in the Senate, would deprive some 750,- the publishers. 000 workers and their families of social­ CHISELING AT SOCIAL SECURITY security coverage principally in the in­ Second- Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, dustrial home work and outside distribu­ The publishers selected the vendors, des­ tion fields. Third, there is the bill on Members of the House all know that the ignated their place, days, and hours of serv­ veto message of the President on H. R. ice (within the .limits agreed on by con­ which the House must vote next' Wednes­ 5052, the bill to exclude. certain vendors traGts) and fixed the profits they were to day-H. R. 5052, removing news vendors of newspapers or magazines from social­ derive from the sale of each newspaper. from coverage. security coverage, will be taken up next Third- First, what is the record of the Eight­ Wednesday. The gentleman from Cali­ \. ieth Congress on railroad retirement leg- · The vendors were expected to be at their fornia fMr. GEARHART] has announced corners at press-release time, stay there for islation? The Railroad Retirement Act that he will move that the House pass the sales period, be able to sell papers, and of 1937 is recognition of the extraord1-. H. R. 5052, the objections of the Presi­ take an interest in selling as many papers nary hazards assumed by railroad em- dent notwithstanding. He then pro­ as . they could. ' ployees from death, disability, and un­ ceeds, in his memorandum addressed to employment. This legislation removed the Members of the House of Represent­ Fourth- railroad workers from the social-security To see that they performed properly they atives, to summari~e the sequence qf we.re kept under the survemance of the pub­ system and established them in their own events out of which this legislation and lisher's employee, the "wholesaler." . He was statutory retirement plan with broader . the Presidential veto have resulted. •. authorized to check in the vendor if the and more generous coverage. · In the On the surface, this appears to be a. latter failed to so perform or to report any closing days of the Democratic Seventy­ matter of small importance in compari· such infraction to the publisher, who could ninth Congress, the so-called Crosser 4360 CONGRESSIONAL .:RECORD-· HO.USE A~RIL 12 amendments were enacted to liberalize Mr. Speak~r. I ask unanimous consent retard recovery-." Instead of establishing the the benefits under the Railroad Retire­ · to revise and extend my remarks and Social Security Board, he would have placed !llent Act, as well as the Railroad Unem­ 'include an article written by me. appear:. _the social-security program in the Veterans' ployment Insurance Act. On the crucial ing in the Democratic Digest. Administration. vote in the House of Representatives, the The Republican elephant' never forgets­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. I.s there at least, not when his name is KNuTsoN. opposition to the bill lined up by the As­ objection to the request of the gentleman Now what happened to force Republicans to sociation of American Railroads was Re­ from Pennsylvania? show their attitude toward security for the publican by more tl}an three to one. • There was no objection. aged, the unemployed, and the widows, and · The illk from President Truman's ap­ The article is as follows: children? Last summer the Supreme Court proving pen had hardly dried before the HOW SECURE IS SOCIAL SECURITY? of the United States in three cases decided railroad lobby was back on the hill ag{­ (By HERMAN P. EBERHARTER, Member Of Con­ for the first time the meaning of the terms tating for reversal of this forward step gress from the Thirty-second District of "employer" and "employee,'' as· used in the in the social-security field. Pennsylvania, member of House Committee Social Security Act. The Supreme Court Election of the Republican Eightieth on Wa,ys and Means) agreed unanimously that Congress in 1935 did Congress made the job seem much easier. not intend to incorporate the narrow, techni­ Most of us are inclined to accept .:without cal, restrictive, common-law definitions of · In June of 1947, after brief hearings, the question the greatest social program in our these terms in such broad social legislation. House Committee on Interstate and For­ history--social security. Millions of workers Said Mr. Justice Reed, "As the Federal social eign Commerce reported out H. R. 3150. and their families now protected against old security legislation is an attack on recog­ This bill would deprive railroad workers age, unemployment, or prematl,lre death of nized evils in our national economy, a con­ the family breadwinner, may dimly remem­ of unemployment compensation for time ber the hours of worry and insecurity prior stricted interpretation of the phrasing by lost from sickness and maternity, and .to 1935. Others may recall more vividly the the courts would not comport with its pur­ would reduce the rate of the unemploy­ stirring challenge of President Roosevelt in pose." ment tax upon the carriers from ·3 per­ those dark days-"The only thing we have The Treasury Department and the Fed­ cent to one-half. percent under present to .fear is fear itself"; at;~.d his subsequent eral Security Agency prepared regulations conditions. As the minority report assurance: "Among our objectives I place the to conform with the mandate of the Supreme pointed out: security of the men, women, and children Court, the highest tribunal of the land. . of the Nation first." A Democratic Congress Chairman KNUTSON, however, sought to The bill 'deprives rallroad employees of un­ responded to the ~hallenge-and the social­ usurp the role of the Court. He directe~ a employment benefit payments when they are security system was enacted. formal complaint against the Treasury Regu- · unemployed because physically unable to Much remains to be done, however. Presi­ ·lations to Commissioner George J. Schoene- work; and there is then turned over to the dent Truman in his state of the Union mes­ man in which he charged, "The proposea reg­ railroads the savings derived from depriving sage reminded Congress of gaps and incon­ ulations appear to extend far beyond any employees of unemproyment benefits. sistencies that must be corrected. He urged: coverage intended by Congress under the This attempt to 'help the roads at the "We should now extend unemployment com­ soctal-security law, and I desire for you pensation, old-age benefits, and survivors' and your representatives to appear before expense of the workers off the job from benefits to millions who are ·not now pro­ our committee to explain the purpose of 1llness was too brazen even for the Re­ tected. We should also raise the level of the regulations and their legal justification." publican leadership. So a more subtle benefits." The response of the Republican When Commissionel' Schoeneman stood l;lis approach was devised. Instead of ram­ leadership in the House of Representatives ground, and -insisted upon 'following the ming through H. R. 3150, as reported by was to do the exact opposite. They reported Supreme Court decision, Chairman KNUTSON · the Commerce Committee, it was decided out of committee and passed in the House gave the green light to legislation to reverse to split up the objective. The tax­ late in February House Joint Resolution 296-­ the Supreme Court. The employers affected reduction scheme was introduced by it­ a bill that would deprive some 500,000 to seized the opportunity to fan the smolder- . 750 ,000 employees and their families of so­ ing Republican resistance to social-security self as H. R. 5711 and shunted to a dif­ cia1-security coverage. progress. Some of the most recalcitrant ferent committee-the House Committee Shocking? Most certainly. UnbeUevable? _· groups in industry, ~hey hired able counsel on Ways and Means. Well, almost-except for the fact that Con­ to draft House Joint Resolution 296. Hearings have now been had on this gress now has a Republican majority. As The craftiness of the draftsmen is suggested bill in which spokesmen for the railroad Representative HELEN GAHAGAN DOUGLAS, by the title, "A joint resolution to main­ brotherhoods demonstrated that reduc­ Democrat, California, said in debate, how­ tain the status quo in respect to certain tion in the tax rate on the railroads ever, ·~During the past several months I have employment t axes and social-security bene­ grown accustomed to the sight of this Con­ fits,'' and so forth. As I pointed out on would jeopardize the actuarial soundness gress turning back the clock-crippling the House floor, we do not require legisla­ of the railroad unemployment insur­ w:qere they do not dare repeal, or boring away · tion to maintain the status quo. And since ance trust fund. The attorney for the like termites in an effort to undermine the legislation means change-either forward or AssociatiDn of American Railroads reluc­ progress of the preceding 14 years." backward-the clever title could not hide tantly admitted, when cross-examined, Final enactment into law of House Joint the brutal truth. As stated in the minority that they would not be satisfied with Resolution 296 would be a disastrous blow to report sigp.ed by Representatives JoHN DIN• repeal of the tax alone; they want to the .thousands of outside salesmen and in­ GELL, Democrat, of Michigan; WALTER A. make sure the extra $120,000,000 a year dustrial homeworkers now entitled to social­ LYNCH, Democrat, of New York; AIME J. for their shareholders comes out of the security benefits. But the threat of its en­ FoRAND, Democrat, of Rhpde Island; and my- actment should be a warning to all-to em­ -self, "* * * the bill would curtail social­ hides of their sick and unemployed ployers and workers alike. We cannot take security coverage. It cannot. be disguised workers. for granted even the most fundamental social as maintenance of the status quo." If H. R. 5711 passes, the attack will legislation intended to meet economic inse­ The debate in the House cleai:ly developed then proceed anew against the expanded curity from old age and unemployment. this simple issue: Is social-security cover­ unemployment benefits granted by the That we should ever have done so under a age to be taken away from roughly one-half Democratic President and Congress in Republican Congress is proof of how quickly to three-quarters of a million workers? Rep­ 1946. we forget. resentative LYNCH put it this way. The Believe it or not, the entire Republican question before Congress, as he viewed it, "is Second, the passage of House Joint whether 'the Eightieth Congress is to curtail 296 membership of the Ways and Means Commit­ Resolution makes it crystal clear tee filed a minority report in 1935 on the to a substantial degree the scope of social­ that the Republicans who originally op­ original social-security bill, protesting that security coverage provided by the Seventy­ posed the enactment of social-security the old-age and survivors, insurance titles of fourth Congress. 'If this bill becomes law, legislation have never really gotten over the act were unconstitutional and express­ textile home workers-whose economic status their hostility and that they now plan ing doubt whether the unemployment in- ls usually worse than workers in the sweat systematically to undermine the founda­ . surance provisions would result in a general shop-will be denied coverage. OUtside tion of this all-important security national benefit at that time. The present salesmen, who are just as much an integral 1egislation. chairman of the Committee on Ways and part of a manufacturer's business as is the Finally, Mr. Speaker, we have this bill. Means (Representative HAROLD KNUTSON, Re­ man in the foundry, will no longer be in­ publican, Mipnesota) filed a supplemental sured against the risks of unemployment and The House must realize that what it does report in which he predicted: old age." · next Wednesday cannot be evaluated "The two pay-roll taxes which the bill im­ 1 Rlepresentative MELVIN PRICE, Democrat, of apart from the other activities of the poses will greatly retard business recovery by nunois, called upon Republican Members of Eightieth Congress in the field of social driving many industries now operating at a the House to live up to their party's 1944 security. The veto of the President loss into bankruptcy, or by forcing them to platform pledge 'Of extension of the existi:qg states the issues briefly and accurately. close down entirely, thereby further increas­ old-age insurance and unemployment insur­ The President should be sustained. ing unemployment, which would greatly ance systems, while Representative FORAND 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 4361 charged that the resolution is part of a plan votes from the Wallace fringe, a conces­ What is in this FEPC that makes it so to sabotage the social-security system. sion from a normally virtuous Democrat dangerous? The FEPC would provide The bland assurances of Representative to the vicious radical elements of our severe punishment for employers judged BERTRAND G EARHART, Republican, Of Califor­ Nation. · . . nia, author of House Joint Resolution 296, to be guilty of practicing racial dis­ that he has long favored broadening of The President has the reputatiOn. · of crimination in the hiring a.nd promotion social-security coverage, could add no more being loyal to his friends. The expe­ of workers. It proposes to set up a per­ than mournful mockery to the scene. The rience of his southern friends fails to manent commission . to investigate and bitter truth is that the Republican Eightieth · justify that reputation. For the Presi­ determine whether an employer is Congress-which on the record of its first dent has repudiated the debt of gratitude guilty of race prejudice in the conduct session h as already been condemned as the that he owes to the South. His civil­ of his business. worst since the reconstruction aft er the Civil rights message displayed nothing but War-has now voted to restrict social secu- We had a brief but bitter taste of rity. · contempt for the friendship and loYalty FEPC during the war, when it func­ I ask you: In such hands, just how secure of those who are directly responsible for tioned on a temporary basis. FEPC has is social security? his being in the White House. If .it had -made little progress in any State. In The SPEAKER pro tempore

/ 4362 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 It is unlawful to inquire about the race ing ·communication from the Clerk, The subpenas in question are·herewith at­ or color of an applicant for employment. which was read_: tached, and the matter is presented for such · It is unlawful also to require an ap­ action as the House in its wisdom may see fit OFFICE OF THE CLERK, to take. plicant to submit a photograph with his HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Very respectfully yours, application for employment. Washington, D. ·c. April 12, 1948. The Honorable the SPEAKER, JOHN ANDREWS, These ar·e just a few of the tyrannical House of Representatives. Clerk of the House of Representatives. restrictions that the FEPC places on a Sm: From the District Court of the United business or industry. It denies a busi! States for the District of Columbia, I have [Duces tecum-defendant) nessman the right to say what kind of received four subpenas duces tecum, -di­ DISTR-ICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE people will work in his organization. If rected to me as Clerk of the House of Repre­ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA HOLDING A CRIMINAL there is a greater imposition on personal sentatives, to appear before said court on COURT FOR SAID DIS'fRICT . liberty than this, it is difficult to imagine the thirteenth day of April 1948, at 10 o'clock a. m., as a witness in the case of the United THE UNITED STATES V. JOHN HOWARD LAWSON, what it could be. States against John Howard Lawson (No. NO. 1352-47, CRIMINAL It requires no great imagination to see 1352-47 Criminal Docket), and to bring with The President of the United States to John what would be the result if this kind of me certain and sundry papers therein Andrews, Clerk of the House of Representa­ legislation were foisted upon the people described in the files of the House of tives, United States Capitol, Washington, of the United States. . It would open Representatives. D. C. wide the doors of every business in the The subpenas contain from 5 to 18 para­ You are hereby commanded to attend the graphs each, descriptive of the papers in said court on Tuesday, the 13th day of April Nation to those agitators who are skillful question. A limited number of paragraphs 1948, at 10 o'clock a. m., to testify on behalf in fomenting racial unrest. Every in­ are specific in their description and such of the defendant, an

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1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS-E 4363 from May 26, 1938, to August 2, 1946, at which 9. Transcripts of all hearings; public and minutes, and other . records in relation the definition or content of phrases, or any executive, held by the House Committee on thereto. portion of the phrases, "un-American propa­ · Un-American Activities, from May 26, 1938, 17. Copy of letter sent by counsel for the ganda activities," and/ or "subvetsive and to date, but. not limited to the following C.ommittee on Un-American Activities to the un-American propaganda • • • (which) volumes and subjects: Veteran'S Against Discrimination, in which attacks the principles of the form of govern­ HEARINGS OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON letter it was noted that the Veterans Against ment as guaranteed by our Constitution," UN -AMERICAN ACTIVITIES Discrimination had referred to "democracy" were considered and acted upon, or on which several times and in which it was called to 1938: August.. 12-23, September 15-17, Sep­ the attention of the Veterans Against. Dis­ any action was taken by the committee in tember 28-0ctober 6, volmpe 1; October 11- connection with the scope of its authority crimination that the ·United States is a re­ 13, October 17-22, volume 2; October 24- public and not a democracy, and all corre­ and powers, or in connection with any con­ November 21, volume 3. stitutional limitations thereon. spondence, minutes, and other records in 1939: November 19~December 14, volume 4; 6. All press releases issued by the House relation thereto. December 15, supplement to voJume 4; May 18. All correspondence and memoranda Committee on Un-American Activities or its 18-June 1, volume 5; August 16-29, volume 6; chairman or its tr.embers from May 26, 1938, from and to .the committee, or from and to Septetnber.5-27, volumes 7 and 8. - individual members of the committee, · or to August 2, 1946, dealing with the definition 1940: September 28-0ctober 14, volume 9; or content of phrases, or any portio~ of the from and to members of the committee staff, October 16-28, volume 10; October 28-Decem­ between May 26, 1938, and August 2, 1946, phrases, "un-American propaganda activi­ ber 3, volume 11; February 7-April 4, vohime ties.," and/ or "subversive and un-American relating to findings by the committee or to 12. ' material in the committee files concerning propaganda . • • • (which) attacks the 1941: April i1.:.May 21, volume 13; August principles of the form of government as the names of organiza-tions, groups, or indi­ 29, 194Q-August 11, 1941, volume 14. vid:uals in the files of the committee. guaranteed by our Constitution." 1943·: June 8-July 7, volume 15. 7. Minutes and transcripts of meetings and 1944: November 29-December 20, volume [Duces, tecum-defendant] executive sessions not limited to; but in­ 16; September 27-0ctober 5, volume 17. ' cluding, committee action on or about Feb­ 1945: Executive hearings that were released DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE ruary 21, i945, relating to a req-qest to the by the committee December 15, 1944, Septem­ ,DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Brookings Institution to analyze the replies ber 20, 1939-April19, 1943, volumes 1 through HOLDING A CRIMINAL COURT FOR SAID DISTRICT to Mundt's letter of January 20, 1945, con­ 7. . . ' THE UNITED STATES V. JOHN ' HOWARD .LAWSON, cerning a working criteria~ of what comprises 1946: September 26-0ctober 19, 1945, Com­ N0.1352-47,CRIMINAL an un-American propaganda activity, and to munist Party; June 20, 27, 1945, OPA; Jan­ The President of the United States to John · suggest standards for determining un-Amer­ uary 30, 1946, G. L. K. Smith; April 4, 1946, Andrews, ~:nerk of the House of Repre­ ican propag;;mda ac ivities. E. B. Jarg (JAFRC) .. . 8. All reports ·of the House Committee on sentatives, United States Capitol, Wash­ 1947: November 22, 1946 (revised 1947), ington, D. C. Un-American Activities from May ~. 1938, Budenz; February 6, 1947, Eisler; bills to out­ to date, including but not limited to: law Communist Party March 24-28, 1947. You are hereby commanded to attend the 1947: April 9,-Eugene Dennis; July 7, Walter . said court on Tuesday the 13th day of April Reports issued by the House Committee on 1948,. at 10 o'clock a. m., to testify on behalf Un-American Activities S. Steele; February 27-July 23-25, commu­ nism in labor unions; July 22, Kravchenko. of the defendant, and bring with you the 1948: September 24-26, 1947, Hanns E:slE,'!r; documentary material described in schedule House Con· Ses-. October 20-30, 1947, -Hollywood. A attached hereto and made a part hereof, Author Date RJ~:· gress slon 10. Transcripts of all meetings. held by in­ and not depart the court without leave thereof. ----1------dividual committee members and specifically including transcripts of a meeting held by Witness the Honorable Chief Justice of Dies ... : •• ------2 76th... 1st. Congressman J. PARNELL THOMAS With Offi· said court; the 9th day of April A. D. 1948 ~ Starnes... Jan. 3, 1940 ______1476 76th___ 3d. HARRY M. HULL, Clerk. Dies ______Apr. 8, 1940, con- 1937 76th... 3d. cials of the State of New Jersey published by tempt, Albert the committee in 1939 or 1940. · By MARGARET L. BOSWELL, BlumberF:. 11. All reports of investigators for the com,­ _ Deputy Clerk. Do______M ar. 29, 1940, con­ 1900 ·76th___ 3d. mittee issue.d by the committee from May 26, ROBERT W. KENNY, tempt, James· H. ALLAN. R. ROSENBERG, Dolsen. . 1~38, to August 2, H~46, including a report Do______Apr. 8, 1940, con­ 1936 76th___ 3d. published in 1938 by investigator for the . > Attorneys tor John Howard Lawson. · tempt, Phillip committee, Edward E~ Sullivan, containing ·a Frankfeld. Do______Apr. 8, 1940, con­ 1938 76th___ 3d. statement: "Evidence tends to show that all SCHEDULE A tempt, Thomas F. phases of radical and' Communist activities 1. Minutes and memoranda of all meetings P. O'DPa. are rampant among the studios of Hollywood, of the House Committee on Un-American Ac­ Do _____ Apr. 2, 1940, con· 1904 76th___ 3d. tempt, George and, although welllmown, is a matter which tivities or any subcommittee thereof between · Powers; ·movie moguls desire to keep from the public." May 26, 1938, to October 20, 1947, at which in­ Do ____ _ Jan. 3, 1941. ______.__ _ 1 77th... 1st. 12. All releases and statements issued by, vestigation of John Howard Lawson was con­ Starnes June 25, 1942.------2277 . 77th... 2d. or on behalf of, the House Committee on Un­ sidered, referred to, or acted upon. (pt.1). American Activities, and/or stenographic Voorhis Ju·Iy 7, 11142. _------2277 77th... 2d. 2. All releases and statements issued by or (pt. 2). transcripts of meetings of the committee on .behalf of the House Committee· on Un­ Sept. 3, 1942, report . t 833 77th___ 2d. · from May 26, 1938, to August 2, 1946, relat­ American Activ·ities, whether to the press-or of FBI. Dies. _____ Jan. 2,1943 ______; ___ 2748 77th ___ 2d. ing to or discussing the investigation of otherwise from May 26, 1938, to date which Costello .•. Sept. 30, 1943______717 78th___ 1st. organizations, groups, or individuals which referred to or discussed John Howard Lawson. Dies______Peace Now------1161 78th___ 2d. disseminate prop!J,ganda or influence or at­ 3. AU publications, documents, statements, Do...... CIO·P AC______1311 78th___ 2d. tempt to influence public opinion. or communications relating to John Howard Wood____ _ M ar. 28, 1946______1829 79th ___ 2d. 13. The records of names of all organiza­ .Do...•.. ------1936 79th ___ 2d. Lawson and submitted to the House Com­ Do...... May 10, 1946 ______· 1996 79th ___ 2d. tions and groups compiled by the House Com­ mittee on Un-American Activitie's between Adamson. May 29, 1946, report ------­ mittee. on Un-American Activities from May May 26, 1938, and October 20, 1947. . to Wood.2 26, 1938, to August 2, 1946, which are allegedly 4. Transcripts of committee meetings or ·wood _____ ------2233. 79th ___ 2d; "subversive" or "un-American." Do.----- June 26, 1946, Corliss 2354 79th... 2d. executive sessions from May 26, 1938, to date Lamont. 14. The records of all names of individuals at which the cqmmittee considered and/or Do...... July 31, 1946, George 2707 79th___ 2d. compiled by t'he House Committee on Un­ discussed the said John Howard Lawson. Marshall. American Activities from May 26, 1938, to Do ______July 31, 1946, Rich- 2708 79th ... 2d. 5. All reports, communications, and cor­ ard Morford. August 2, 1946, which are allegedly "subver- respondence and memoranda relating to the Do ______------2742 79th___ 2d. sive" or "un-American." . investigation of the said John Howard Law­ Thomas __ AYD______271 80th ... 1st: 15. Copy of letter sent by the counsel for son by the House Committee on Un-American Do______Communist Party___ 209 80th___ 1st. the Committee on Un-American Activiti.es to Do______The Communist ------Activities from May 26, 1938, to October 20, Partyofth e the National Committee To qombat Anti­ 1947. . United States as Semitism in which it was stated that the said an agent of a for- National Committee To Combat Anti-Semi­ [Duces tecum-defendant] eign power. tism "is engaged in solicitation of money for Do______Southern Conference_ 592 80th___ 1st. the purpose of controlling the thoughts of DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE Do...... Civil Rights Con- 1115 80th___ 1st. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA HOLDING A CRIMINAL gress. American citizens," and all correspondence, minutes, and other records in relation there.­ COURT FOR SAID DISTRICT to, said letter being referred to in C. R. A., THE UNIT-ED STATES V. JOHN HOWARD LAWSON. 1 House-document. NO. 1352-47, CRIMINAL 2 Citations by official Government agencies and private March 1, 1946, at page 1120. organizations regarding the character of organizations 16. Cqpy of letter sent by counsel for the The President of the United States to John named. . Committee on Un-American Activities to Andrews, Clerk of the House of ·Repre­ Report of a subcommittee of the committee to the full Drew Pearson, in which letter a demand was sentatives, the Cap~tol, Washington, D. c. committee publicized on October 30, 1944, relating to a reinvestigation of PAC and an investigation of the Na­ made for an explanation of the phrase "make ' You are hereby commanded to attend the tional Citizans PAC. democracy work," and all correspondence, said court on Tuesday the 13th day of April 4364- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 1948, at '10 o'clock a. m., to testify on behalf 1948, at 10 ·o'clock a. m., to testify on behalf ENROLLED BILL SIGNED of the defendant, and br,ing with you the of the defendant, . and bring with you the documentary material described in schedule documentary material described in sched­ Mr. LECOMPTE, from the Committee A, annexed hereto and made a part hereof, ule A attached hereto and made a part here­ on Hous~ Administration, reported that consisting of two pages, and not to depart of, consisting of three pages, and not depart that committee had examined and found the court without leave thereof. the court without leave thereof. truly enrolled a bill of the House of the Witness, the honorable Chief Justice of Witness the Honorable Chief Justice of following title, which was thereupon said court, the 9th day of April A. D. 1948. said court, the 9th day of April A. D. 1948. signed by the Speaker: · HARRY M. HULL, Clerk. . HARRY M. HULL, Clerk. By ELIZA~ETH M. KOWALSKI, By MARGARET L. BOSWELL, H. R. 5214. An act making appropriations Deputy Clerk. Depu ty Clerk. for the executive office a:nd sundry independ­ RoBERT W. KENNY, ROBERT W, KENNY, ent executive bureaus, boards, commissions, ALLEN R. ROSENBERG, ALLAN R. ROSENBERG, and offices, for the fiscal_year ending June 30, Attorneys for John Howard Lawson. Attorneys for John Howard Lawson. 1949, and for other purposes. BILLS PRESENTED "TO THE PRESIDENT SCHEDULE A SCHEDULE A 1. Stenographic transcript of all meetings 1. Minutes of all meetings of the House Mr. LECOMPTE, from the Committee of the House Committee on On-American Committee on On-American Activities or on House Administration, reported that Activities or any subcommittee of the same any subcommittee thereof bet ween May 26, that committee did on April 8, 1948, pre­ from August 2, 1946,. to date at which the 1938, an d October 20, 1947, at which investi­ definition or content of phrases, or any por­ sent to the President, for his approval, gation of the· motion-picture industry wa::~ tion of the phrases, "un-American propa­ considered, referred to, acted upon, and bills of the House of the following titles: ganda activities," and/or "subversive and transcripts· of any testimony taken about, H. R. 1523. An act for the relief of Edwin un-American propaganda • • • (which) or concerning the motion-picture industry H. Griggs, or his estate; and attacks the principles of the form of gov­ during that period, and memoranda and H. R. 4167. An act to authorize the States ernment as guaranteed by our Constitut ion," reportg of invest igators for the committee of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, were considered and acted upon, or on which and other reports and memoran,under 3. All reports of the House Committee Committee on On-American Activities from · its previous order, the House adJourned on On-American Activities from August 2, May 26, 1938, to October· 20, 1947, concern­ ing the motion-picture industry. until Wednesday, April 14, 1948, at 12 Hl46, to date. o'clock noon. · 4. Transcripts of all hearings, public and 4. Copy of all letters, correspondence, or executive, held by the lfouse Committee on other communications froin the House Com­ mittee on On-American Activities to any On-American Activities from August Z, 1946, EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. to date. persons, groups, or indiviquals between. May 5. All reports of investigators for the com­ 26, 1938, and October .20, 1947, concerning Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive mittee issued by the committee, from August the motion-picture indust~y. communications were taken from the 2, 194-6, to date. 5. Transcripts of the hearings held by the Speaker's table and referred as follows: 6. All releases and statements issued by, House Committee on On-American Activities or on behalf of, the House Committee on or any of its subcommittees from October 20 1458. A letter from the Acting Chairman, On-American Activities, and/or stenographic to October 30, 1947, concerning the motion­ Export-Import· Bank of Washington, trans­ transcripts of meetings of the committee picture industry and all exhibits and appli­ mitting a report of the operations of the Ex­ from August 2, 1946, to date relating to or cations and motions of counsel for all wit­ port-Import Bank of Washington as of the discussing the investigation of organizations, nesses who appeared before the said com­ close of business December 31, 1947; to the gr

1948 CON.GRESSIONAL RECORD-. :aoUSE 4365 , I REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC 1715). Referred to / the Committee of the (Rept. No. 1727). Referred to the Committee BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Whole House on the State of the Union. of the Whole House. Mr. . GRAHAM: Committee on the Judi- Mr. FOOTE: Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of • ciary. H. R. · 5434. A bill authqrizi~g the H. R. 4381. A bill for the relief of the Yellow committees were delivered to the Clerk Attorney General of the United State·s to Cab Transit Co., of Oklahoma City; without for. printing and reference to the proper recognize and to award to outstanding amendment (Rept. No. 1728). Referred to 1 calendar, as follows:_ courageous young Americans a medal for the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad­ heroism known as . the Young American Medal for Bravery, and for other purposes; ministration. House Concurrent Resoluti_on PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 154. Concurrent resolution authorizing a. re­ without amendment (Rept. No. 1716). Re­ pi:int of the· report and supplements 1 and 2 ferred to the Committee of the Whole House Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills of the Subcommittee on NationaJ. and Inte.r­ on the State of the Union. ' and resolutions were introduced and sev­ n atlonal :Movements of the Committee on Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts:· Commit­ erally referred as follows: Foreign Affail:s. entitled "The Strategy a:nd tee on Veterans' Affairs. H. R. 5588, A bill to pro.vide increases of compensation for cer­ By Mr. COLMER: Tactics of World Communism"; with amend­ . H. R .. 6187 .. A .bill to amend section 2402 ·(a) ments. (Rept. ·No. 1705). Referred to the tain veterans of World War I and World War of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, House Calendar. II with service-connected disabilities who and to repeal section 2402 (b) of the Internal Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad• h av~ dependents; with an amendment (Rept. No. 1717). Referred to the Committee of the Revenue Code, as amended; to the Committee· ministration. House Resolution 330. Reso­ on Ways and Means. lution providing for funds .to carry on in:.. Whole House on the State of the Union. vestigations, studies, and surveys in the Civil Mr. EBERHARTER: Committee on Ways By Mr . . CUNNINGHAM: Service and Post Office Department, and for and Means . .H. R . 5933. A bill to permit the H. R. 6188. A bill to confer jurisdiction over other purposes; without amendment (Rept. temporary free importation of' racing shells; the Fort Des Moines Veterans' Village upon without-a mendment (Rept. No. 1718). 'Re­ the State of Iowa; to the .Committee on Pub­ No. ~ 706 }. Referred to the House Calendar. lic Works. · Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad­ ferred to the Committee of the Whole House m in istration. House Resolution 481. Reso­ on the State of the Union. By Mr. CURTIS: lution providing for expenses of conducting Mr. ALBERT: Committee on Post Office. H. R. 6189. ,A bill authorizing the con­ the studies and investigations authorized by and cavil Service. H. J. · Res. 329. Joint . struction of certain public works at Hubbell, rule XI (h) (1); with an amendment (Rept. resolution to provide for the issuance of a Nebr., for flood control; to the Committee on Public Works. No. 1707). Referred to the House Calendar. special po'stage stamp in honor of the Five Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad­ Civilized Tribes of Indians in Oklahoma; By Mr. EATON: ministration. House Resolution 508. Reso­ without amendment (Rept. No. 1719) . . Re­ H. R. 6190. A bill to control the exwrta­ ferred to the Committee of the Whole House tiop. and importation of arms, ammunit ion. / lution authorizing funds to defray expenses incurred by the special committee created on the State of the Union. and implements of war, and related items, by House Resolution 461; without amend­ Mr. WOLCOTT: Committee on Banking and for other purposes; to the Committee on ment (Rept. No. 1708). Referred to the and Currency. H. J. Res. 333. Joint resolu­ Foreign Affairs. House Calendar. tion to authorize the coinage of 50-cent 'By Mr. FOOTE: Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad­ pieces in commemoration of the fiftieth an­ H. R. 6191. A bill to enable children under ministration. House Resolution 517. Reso­ niversary. of the termination of the war with · 21 years of age adopted by United States lution providing for expenses of conducting Spain; wit hout amendment (Rept. No.1720). citizens to enter the United States as non­ studies and investigations . authorized by Referred to the Committee of the Whole quota .immigrants and to become natural­ House on the State o{ the Union. rule XI (1) (h) incurred by the Committe~ ized; to the Committee on the Judici!try. on Expenditures in the Executive Depart­ ·Mr. WELCH: Committee on Public Lands. By Mr. HAGEN: ments; without amendment (Rept. No. 1709). House Report No. 1699 (pt. II). Supple­ H. R. 6192 . .A bill to amend the Federal Referred to the House Calendar. mental report to accompany H. R. 5904 . . A Employees Pay Act of 1945 (Public Law 106, Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad-· bill to Incorporate the Virgin Islands Cor­ 79th Cong., ch. 212, 1st sess.); to the Com­ ministration. House Resolution 518. Reso­ poration, and for other purposes; referreq_ mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. lution to provide funds for the' Committee to the Committee of the Whole House on the By Mr. JAVITS: on Education and Labor; without amend­ · State of the Union. H. R. 6193. A bill to establish a national ment (Rept. No. 1710). Referred to the housing objective and the policy to be f.ol­ House Calendar. . • REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE lowed in the attainment thereof, to facili­ Mr·. LECOMPTE: Cbmmittee on House Ad­ BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS tate sustained progress in the attainment ministration. · Senate Concl.,lrrent Resolution of such objective,- and for other purposes; 18. Concurrent resolution providing for the Under clause 2 of rule XIII, r~ports to the Committee on Banking_and Currency. printing of proceedings at the unveiling of of committees were delivered to the Clerk By_ Mr. JENKINS of Pennsylvania: the statue of William E. Borah; without for printing and reference to the proper H. R. 6194. A bill to provide for increasing amendment (Rept. No. 1711). Referred to calendar, as follows: _ the height of certain parts of the levees on the House Calendar. Mr. JENNINGS: Committee on the Judi­ the North Branch of the Susquehanna River, Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad­ ciary. S. 936. An act for the relief of Wilkes-Barre and Hanover · Township, Pa.; minist ration. House Resolution 526. Reso­ Burnett A .. Pyle; without amendment (Rept. to the Committee on Public Works. lution authorizing the printing of the pro­ No. 1721). ~eferred to the Committee of By Mr. LYLE: ceedings h eld in commemoration of the cen­ the Whole House. H. R. 6195. A biU•to provide for the estab­ tennial of the telegraph, May 24, 1944, pro­ Mr.' FOOTE: Committee on the Judiciary. lishment of a veterans' hospital in south vided by House Concurrent Resolution 72, H. R. 851. A bill for the relief of Adney W. Texas; to the Committee on Veterans' Seventy-eighth Congress, second session; Gray; with an amendment (Rept. No. 1722). Affairs. without amendment (Rept. No. 1712). Re­ Referred to the Committee of the Whole By Mr. MAcKINNON: ferred to the House Calendar. House. H. R. 6196. A bill to repeal the tax on Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on ·House Ad­ Mr. FEIGHAN: Committee on the Judi­ transportation of property; to the Commit­ ministration. House Concurrent Resolution ciary.· H. R. 2064. A bill for the relief of tee on Ways and Means. 182. Concurrent resolution authorizing Michael Palazotta; with an amendment By Mr. MILLER of Maryland: the printing as a House document of 15,000 (Rept. No. 1723). Referred to the Committee H. R. 6197. A bill to amend the Shipping additional copies of the factual analysis on of the Whole House. · Act, 1916, to permit vice presidents and housing entitled "Housing in America" ,for Mr. CRAVENS: Committee on the Judi­ cashiers of national banking associations to use of the Joint Committee on Housing; ciary. H. R. 2732. A bill for the relief of sign certain declarations required to be without amendment (Rept. No. 1713). Re­ Dennis Stanton; with an amendment (Rept. presented to collectors of . the customs; to ferred t o the House Calendar. No. 1724). Referred to the Committee of the the Committee on Merchant Marine and Mr; WOLCOTT: Committee on Banking Whole House. Fisheries. · and Currency. S. 1304. An act to authorize Mr. FOOTE: Committee on the Judiciary; By Mr. NIXON: the coin age of 50-cent pieces in commemora­ H. R. '3006. A bill for the relief of· Laura H. R. 6198. A bill to amend the Social Se- · tion of the one hundredth anniversary of Spinnichia; wl~hout amendment (Rept. No. curity Act of 1935; to the Committee on the organization of Minnesota as a Territory 1725). Referred to the Committee of the Ways and Means. of t he United States; without amendment Whole House. By Mr. STOCKMAN: (Rept. No. 1714). Referred to the Committee Mr. CRAVENS: Committee on the Judi­ H. R. 6199. A bill · authOrizing and direct­ of the Whole House on the State of the ciary. H. R. 3965. A bill for the relief of ing the Secretary of War to convey to the Union. John H. Schmitt and Mrs. Mildred Schmitt; port of Cascade Locks, Oreg., certain lands Mr. WOLCOTT: Committee on Banking .without amendment (Rept. No. 1726). Re­ for municipal or port purposes; tb the Com­ and Curr ency. H . R. 5174. A bill to au­ ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. mittee on Armed Services. thorize Commodity Credit Corporation to Mr. REEVES: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 620q. A bill providing for the sus­ make adjustment payment s ·to cert ain pro­ H. R. 3983. A till !or tl:ie relief of Northwest pension of annual assessment work on min­ ducers of r aw cane sugar in Puerto Rico anci Missouri Fair Association, of Bethany, Har­ ing claims held by location in t he United Hawaii; without amen.dment (Rept. No. rison County. Mo.: without amendment States;, to the Committee on Public Lands. 4366 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 12 By Mr. FORAND: By Mr. BENDER: By Mr. NIXON: H. R. 6201. A bill to raise by $50 the limit H. J. Res. 372. Joint resolution making an H. R. 6225. A bill for the relief of Groover .on amounts payable in connection with the appropriation to assist in providing a supply O'Connell; to the Committee on the Judi­ funeral and burial of certain deceased mem­ and distribution of farm labor for the cal- • ciary. bers of the armed forces and certain de­ endar years 1948 and 1949; to the Committee ceased veterans; to the Committee on Armed on Appropriations. PETITIONS, ETC. Services. · By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: I By Mr. MADDEN: H. Con. Res. 183. Concurrent resolution to· Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions H. R. 6202. A blll to broaden the coopera­ recognize and publicly acknowledge the and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk tive extension system as established in t h e gratitude of the people and the Government' and referred as follows: act of May 8, 1914, and acts supplemental of the United States for the loyal service of thereto, · by providing for cooperative ex­ the men and women of the radio and news 1749. By Mr. BOGGS of Delaware: Petition tension work between colleges receiv ing the services during World War II; to the Com­ of Women's Christian Temperance Union, of benefits of this act and the acts of July 2, mitt ee on House Administration. Sussex County, Del., containing 160 signa­ 1862, and August 30, 1890, and other quali­ By Mr. McGARVEY: tures, requesting passage of S. 265, a bill to fied colleges, universities, and research H. Res. 529. Resolution providing that an prohibit the transportation of alcoholic­ agencies, and the United States Department open h earing be held before a joint commit­ beverage advertising in interstate commerce of Labor; to the Commitj;ee on Education t ee of the members of the House Foreign Af­ and the broadcasting of alcoholic-beverage and Labor. fairs Committ ee and the Senate Foreign Re;o. advertising over the radio; to the Commit­ By Mr. O'HARA (by request) : lat ions Committee at which the Secretary tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. H. R. 6203. A b111 to incorporate the Roman of St ate and the chief of t he United States 1750. By Mr. HALE: Petition of the people Catholic Archbishop of Washington, a delegation to t he United Nations be present, of Falmouth, Maine; in town meeting assem­ . corporation sole; to the Committee on the toget her with such other persons whose testi­ .bl'ed, calling upon. their Representatives in District of Columbia. · mony m ay be necessary, in order to give to .Congress, in the executive department of the By Mr. WEICHEL: the Congress the true reasons r1lgarding the United States, and in the United Nations to H. R. 6204. A blll to extend to commis­ reversal of t he Palestine decision; to the take su~h steps as m ay .be necessary to have .sioned officers of the Coast and Geodet ic Committee on Rules. our delegates to the United Nations present Survey the provisions of the Armed Forces or support amendment of the Charter for .Leave Act of 1946; to the Committee on the purpose of making the United Nations Merchant Marine an d Fisheries. MEMORIALS into a ,world government capable of enact­ By Mr. 'BREHM: ing, interpreting, and enforcing world law H. R. 6205. A bill to provide compensation Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memo­ to prevent war; to the pomniittee on Foreign for service in World War II by residents of rials were presented and referred as Affairs. the District of Columbia; to the Committee follows: !7-51. Also, petition of the people of Yar­ _on Veterans' Affairs. - By the SPEAKER : Memorial of the Legisla­ mouth, Maine, in annual meeting assembled, H. R. 6206. A bill to extend the time ture of the possession of Puerto Rico, memo-· asking their representatives in the legisla­ within which application for the benefits of rializing the President and the Congress of ture and the executive branches of our Na­ '.the Mustering-Out Payment Act of 1944 m ay the Unit ed States to enact cert ain legisla­ tional Government and the United States be made by veterans discharged from the tion int roduced by Resident Commissioner delegate to the Uni-ted Nations to use their armed forces befQre the effect ive date of Antonio Fern6s-Isern; to the Committee on offices to bring about changes In the ·United such act; to the Committee on Armed Serv- Agriculture. Nations Chart~r that w1ll ·turn it into a lim­ ices. · ited world government capabre of preventing H. R. 6207. A b111 to amend tiie Social war; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Security Act so as to authorize payment of PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 1752. Also, resolution of the citizens of benefits in certain cases to individuals other­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Cape Elizabeth, Maine, recognizing the ur­ wise entitled to such benefits who have failed gent need for peace by declaring themselves to apply therefor within the prescribed time bills and resolutions were introduced and .severally referred as follows: in favor of amending the Charter. of the limit; to the Committee on Ways and Means. ·united Nations for the purpose of making By Mr. HAGEN: By Mr. ALLEN of California: the United Nations effect ive as a limited H. R. 6208. A bill to provide for the collec­ H. R. 6215. A blll to extend the benefits of world government capable of enacting and tion and publication of statistical informa­ section 2 of the act of June 29, 1943, to pro­ enforcing world law to prevent war; to the tion by the Bureau of the Census; to the vide that Lt. Col. Francis R. Hunter, United Committee on Foreign Affairs. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. States Army, retired, shall receive the re­ By Mr. HALLECK: 1753. By Mr. HART: Petition of ·New Jer­ tired pay of a lieutenant colonel; to the sey Lumbermen's ·Association, opposing the H. R. · 6209. A bill to amend an act en­ Commit t ee on Armed Services. titled ''An act to incorporate the Protestant reinstatement or imposition of any addition­ By Mr. AUCHINCLOSS: al controls that would impede .the produc­ Episcopal Cathedral Foundation of the Dis­ H. R. 6216. A bill to correct possible in­ trict of Columbia," approved January 6, 1893, tion of lumber, building materials, and hou: ­ equity in tP,e case of a certain application ing, etc.; to the Committee on Banking and as amended; to the Committee on the Dis­ for lett ers patent of William R. Blair; to the trict of Columbia. Committee on the Judiciary. Currency. By Mr. HOPE: By Mr. FOGARTY: 1754. Also, petition of New Jersey Lumber­ H. R. 6210. A bill to provide for the liquida­ H. R. 6217. A bill for the relief of Donald men's Association, urging tgat the Fair Labor tion of the trusts under the transfer agree­ J. Otis; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Standards Act be amended to specifically ex­ ments with State rural reha;bilitatiqn corpo­ empt by la'w retail lumber and building-ma­ By Mr. HAVENNER: terials dealers from its provisions; to the rations, and for other purposes; to the Com­ H. R. 6218. A bill for the relief of William mittee on Agriculture. Richard Geoffrey Malpas; to the Committee Committee on Education and Labor. By Mr. REED of New York: on the Judiciary. 1755. Also, petition of New Jersey Lum­ H. R. 6211. A blll to amend title X of the By Mr. JONES of Washington: bermen's Association, urging that legislation Social Security Act, as amended, so as to be adopted to amend the Consumers Coop­ provide for the encouragement and stimula­ H. R. 6219. /i bill for the relief of the Puget Sound Bridge & Dredging Co.; to the Com­ erative Act; to the Committee on Ways and tion of aid to· the blind recipients to become mittee on the Judiciary. Means. wholly or partially self-supporting; to the By Mr. KLEIN: 1756. Also, petition of New Jersey Lumber­ Committee on Ways and Means. men's Association, opposing the passage of By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: H. R. 6220. A bill for the relief of Alex Bail; to t he Committee on the Judiciary. the Taft-Ellender-Wagner bill; to the Com­ H. R. 6212. A bill to recognize and acknowl­ mittee on Banking and Currency. edge the gratitude of the people and Govern­ By Mr. MAcKINNON: . _ H. R. 6221. A bill for the relief of Constan­ 1757. Also, petition of New Jersey Lumber­ ment of the United States for the patriotic men's Association, urging amendment of the service of certain men and women of the tine V. Schmitt; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Social Security Act; to the Committee on news and radio services and to provide medals Ways and Means. for them; to the Committee on Banking and Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts: Currency. H. R. 6222. A bill for the relief of Ever 1758. Also, petition of New Jersey Lumber­ By Mr. DAWSON of Utah: Ready Supply Co., and Harold A. Dahlberg; men's Association, opposing double taxation H. R. 6213. A bill for the relief of certain to the Committee on the Judiciary. of corporate earnings and endorsing the cur­ employees and former employees of the War By Mr. MICHENER (by request): rent legislation passed by Congress; to the Assets Administration; to the Committee on H. R. 6223. A bill to correct -possible in­ Committee on Ways and Means. the Judiciary. equity in the case of a certain application 1759. Also, petition of New Jersey Lumber­ By Mr. WOLCOTT: for le~ters patent of William R. Blair; to men's Association, urging the abandonment H. R. 6214. A bill to provide a Federal char­ the Committee on .the Judiciary. and dissolution of obsolete and unnecessary ter for the Commodity Credit Corporation; H. R. 6224. A bill for the relief of John Government offices and bureaus; to the Com­ to the Committee on Banking ano Currency. Watkins; to the Committee on tbe Judiciary. mittee on Appropriations. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4367 1760. By Mr. KEARNEY: Petition signed Help us to work with Thee that it may electoral college and let total majority votes by 22 citizens of Schenevus, Otsego County, be a good day with good things done. do the electing of President and Vice Presi­ N. Y., in the Thirty-first Congressio;nal Dis­ We know that a different world cannot dent. Such a change, of course, would re- . trict, advocating the passage of S. 265, a bill quire a constitutional amendment, and up to prohibit the transportation of alcoholic­ be built by indifferent people. to now it has been thought impossible to get beverage advertising in interstate commerce May there be no apathy in this place, an amendment ratified, because all or most and the broadcasting of alcoholic-beverage no lukewarmness when we should be hot. of the small States would refuse. Their advert ir;ing over the radio; to the Committee Abide with us, 0 Christ, that our hearts argument would be that since each has as on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. may burn within us and our imagina· many electors as it has Senators and Rep­ 1761. Also, petition of a group of citizens tions be fired with Thy passion to do resentatives, each small State, which has just of Springfield Center, N.Y., and vicinity, call­ God's will. Amen. as many Senators as each large State, really ing for legislation establishing a system of has more votes in the college in proportion universal military training; to the Com­ THE JOURNAL to population than a larger State. mittee on Armed Services. On request of Mr. KNOWLAND, and by Senator LoDGE has addressed himself to 1762. By Mr. LARCADE: Petition of Louis that difficulty. His new bill provides that unanimous· consent, the reading of the the present system of electoral college shall Bernard and other postal employees at Journal of the proceedings of Monday, Opelousas, La., in support of H. R. 5667; to be retained, but that its votes shall be cast the Committee on Post Office and Civil Serv­ April 12, 1948, was dispensed with, and and counted in direct proportion to the pop­ ice. the Journal was approved. ular vote in the State. That might mean, for 1763. By Mr.. LECOMPTE: Petition of Mrs. MESSAGE FRO!\[ THE PRESIDENT instance, that if the Republicans carried Bertha Campbell and other members of the Maine by popular vote they would not get WCTU, Lamoni, Iowa, expressing opposition A message in writing from the Presi­ the entire electoral college vote of five, but to advertising on the radio and in periodicals dent of the United States was communi· only that part of five votes that should be of alcoholic beverages; to tb.e Committee on cated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of in direct proportion to the popular vote. If Interstate and. Foreign Commerce. one might suppose that the Republicans his secretaries. cast 300,000 votes for their candidate and 1764. By Mr. NORBLAD: Petition signed MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE the Democrats 200,000 for theirs, instead of by Grant. H. Cole and 15 other citizens of Maine's five votes going to the Republican Yamhill County, Oreg., protesting against A message from the House of Repre­ candidate, only three would go, the other universal military training; to ·the Com- sentatives, by Mr. Swanson, one of its two being ccmnted in the elector-al college mittee on Armed Services. , reading clerks, announced that the House for the Democratic candidate. 1765. By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: Res­ had passed a bill l A hearing has been held on the joint Fulbright Malone Williams and eradication of certain plant pests; to the George Martin Wilson Committee on Appropriations. resolution before a subcommittee con­ Green Moore Young sisting of the Senator from Wisconsin Gurney Morse [Mr. WILEY] and the Senator from Ne­ Mr. KNOWLAND. I announce that vada [Mr. McCARRANJ. In that connec­ the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. SENATE tion I ask unanimous consent to have BALDWIN], the Senator from Ohio [Mr. printed in the REcORD at this point an BRICKER], and the Senator from West TuESDAY, APRIL 13, 1948 editorial from the Press-Herald of Port­ land, Maine, which I think gives a very Virginia [Mr. REVERCOMB] are necessar­ HENRY CABOT LoDGE, of Massachu­ The Senator from Washington [Mr. brought us to this new day and further setts, has returned from the wars overseas CAIN] is absent by leave of the Senate on 9pportunity. to his own private war to do away with the o:tficial committee business.