. United States of America

House to a bill of the Senate of the fol­ viction that there is in these waters a spe­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . lowing title : cial and unmistakable American interest"; and S. 301. An act to promote public knowledge FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1965 Whereas the North American salmon of progress and achievement in astronautics would cease to exist were if not for the con­ and related sciences through the designa­ tinuing restrictions of the United States The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, tion of a special day in honor of Dr. Robert D.D., used these penitential words of the and Canadian conservation policies; and Hutchings Goddard, the father of modern Whereas the north Pacific salmon fisheries psalmist: Create in me a clean heart, rockets, missiles, and astronautics. have a special importance to our coastal com­ God, and renew a righi spirit within O The message also announced that the munities as a source of livelihood, and to me. the Nation as a food and industrial resource; · Let us pray. Vice President, pursuant to Public Law and 301, 78th Congress, had appointed Mr. Whereas it is vital to maintain these fish­ Almighty and Eternal God, may this WILLIAMS of New Jersey to be a member eries on a sustained yield basis; and Lenten season upon which we have en­ of the Board of Visitors to the U.S. Mer­ Whereas widespread J·apanese fishing for tered daily become a richer and more chant Marine Academy. salmon, using highly efficient new methods glorious experience in the culture and The message also announced that the and techniques, seriously threatens the deepening of our spiritual life. Presiding Officer of the Senate, pursuant North American salmon fisheries with de­ Cleanse our souls of all unrighteous­ to Public Law 115, 78th Congress, en­ pletion if not destruction; and ness as we glve ourselves to meditation Whereas the 1953 North Pacific Fisheries titled "An act to provide for the disposal Treaty entered into between the United and quiet waiting upon Thee in the of certain records of the U.S. Govern­ States, Canada, and Japan is now in process spirit of contrition and confession of ment," had appointed Mr. JOHNSTON and of renegotiations; and penitence and humility. Mr. CARLSON members of the Joint Select Whereas present Japanese fishing policies Grant that by self-examination and Committee on the Part of the Senate urgently require establishment of additional self-discipline our wills may be strength­ for the Disposition of Executive Papers controls west of the present treaty line: Now, ened to gain the mastery over every in­ referred to in the Report of the Archivist therefore, be it surgent impulse, every inordinate desire, of the United States numbered 65-8. Resolved by the Senate of _the State of Washington, That we do respectfully petition and every self-indulgent habit of life. the Congress of the United States to con­ . May this blessed season be a veritable sider with the greatest care the value of window through which we shall have a WASHINGTON STATE RESOLUTION our salmon fisheries to Alaska, to the Pacific vision of the more abundant life and ON NORTH PACIFIC TREATY Northwest, and to the' Nation as a whole, receive the benediction of Thy grace and and to take all appropriate action necessary peace. Mr. MEEDS. Mr. Speaker, I ask to preserve this industry by insisting upon Hear us in the name of our Lord and unanimous consent to address the House language in the revised treaty that will Saviour. Amen. for 1 minute and to revise and extend furnish adequate protection for it. my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. Speaker, this resolution is not an empty gesture. For years the Japanese THE JOURNAL to the request of the gentleman from Washington? high seas fisheries operations have seri­ The Journal of the proceedings of ously depleted the once abundant Pacific yesterday was read and approved. There was no objection. , salmon stocks. Mr. MEEDS. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ The original North Pacific Treaty, ceived from the Washington State signed in 1953, established an abstention MESSAGE FROM THE PR.ESIDENT Senate Resolution 1965-24, introduced line that, it was hoped, would separate A message in writing from the Presi­ by Senators Robert L. Charette, August the North American salmon stock from dent of the United States was communi­ P. Mardesich, R. Frank Atwood, and Ted the Asiatic stock. It was the intent of the .cated to the House by Mr. Burleson, one G. Peterson. treaty' to assure that United States and of his secretaries, who also informed tpe It relates to the North Pacific Treaty Canadian fishermen would avoid catch­ House that on the following date the between the United States, Canada, .and ing Asiatic stock and to offer · the same President approved and signed a bill of Japan which is a vital factor in the eco­ protection for our ~almon from Japahese the House of the following title : nomic well-being of American fisheries fishermen. and the conservation of North American On March 3, 1965: This was, and still is, an eminently H.R. 3818. An act to eliminate the require­ salmon runs. reasonable approach. ment tliat Federal Reserve banks maintain Under unanimous consent, I am in­ But it has not worked. It will not certain reserves in gold certificates against serting the text of this resolution in the work without treaty revisions. deposit liabilities. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. And because this treaty will not work Whereas in the words of the late Cordell as now constituted, the great drive in Hull, issued in 1937, when he was Secretary · MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE both effort and money to preserve and of State: expand our salmon fisheries is largely A message from the Senate by Mr. "Large bodies of American cltizens are of the opinion that the salmon runs of Bristol wasted. Because this treaty is not Arrington, one of its clerks, announced Bay and elsewhere in Alaskan waters are an working, other nations with little regard that the Senate had passed a bill of the American resource; that the salmon fisheries for conservation practices, are gobbling following title, in which th~ concurrence relate to and are linked with the American tip our bounty while we restrain our own of the House is requested: Continent, particularly the Northwest area; industry in the name of conservation. · S. 435. An act to extend the boundaries of and, that for all practical purposes, the It is simply ludicrous to put time, ef­ the Kaniksu National Forest in the State of salmon industry is in fact a part of the eco­ fort, and money into preserving and in­ Idaho, and for other pu~poses. nomic life of the Pacific Northwest coast. The fact that salmon taken from waters off creasing salmon runs for the benefit, as The message also announced that the the Alaskan coast are spawned and hatched it works out, of the fishing industries of Senate agrees to the amendments of the in American waters, adds further to the con- another continent. · CXI--269 4247 4248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 5, 1965 What went wrong with the treaty? also one of those listed in the Appalachia opment by private enterprise of the electric Nothing, as far as its basic approach is bill as passed. power potential of Pickens and Oconee concerned. But the abstention line of Mr. Speaker, these Duke projects will Counties; be it further Resolved, That a copy of this resolution 17·5 ° west longitude that was established not cost the taxpayer one dime, but on. be sent to the Secretary of the Federal Power by the treaty was really only an educated the contrary would be a taxpaying source Commission and to each member of the guess. When the treaty was drawn of revenue for the Federal, State, and lo­ South Carolina congressional delegation. there was not adequate scientific evi­ cal governments. These Duke plans, if Attest: dence to determine exactly where the approved by the Federal Government, INEZ WATSON, line should be drawn to accurately sepa­ are the best way to provide better Clerk of the House. rate the salmon stocks of the two conti­ schools, hospitals, roads, recreation, and nents. Subsequent research has indi­ job opPortunities for the people of Ap­ cated that North American salmon run palachia. MEDICAL RESEARCH AT DENVER, much farther out to sea than anticipated Mr. Speaker, may I remind my col­ COLO. by those who drew the treaty. leagues again that in the areas served Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. The establishment of a new dividing by Duke Power Co., there are few, if any, Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ line of 175° east longitude would put depressed counties or pockets of poverty; dress the House for 1 minute and to the treaty back in working order and this because an abundance of cheap pow­ revise and extend my remarks. provide protection, not only for our sal­ er generated by Duke has made possible The SPEAKER. Is there objection mon, but for our fisheries industry and the development of a diversified industry. to the request of the gentleman from our conservation efforts. For each dollar spent by Duke Power Co. Colorado? Mr. Speaker, I must stress that reloca­ for the generation of electricity, an addi­ There was no objection. tion of this line 10° farther out into the tional $3 have been invested by old and Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Pacific Ocean is not just a convenience new industry in the same area. Duke Speaker, recent stories in the press have for us. It is not just a .salve for our Power Co. is seeking to invest in Ap­ made it clear to me and to many of the salmon industry. It is not just a pacifier palachia alone almost as many millions good people of Colorado that a great for conservationists. This is, without of dollars as authorized by the entire deal of outstanding medical research exaggeration, a life and death matter. Appalachia bill. work is currently underway at the Den­ Stretched between 175° west and 175° Mr. Speaker, now is the time for the ver Veterans' Administration hospital. east is the future of our salmon stocks same powerful and capable forces who Collaborating with VA in this great and the future of our salmon industry. conceived and supported the Appalachia work is another fine Colorado institu­ I am impressed by the unanimity of bill to throw their full support behind tion-the University of Colorado School viewpoint by all aspects of the fishing the Duke request and thus give the peo­ of Medicine. industry on this matter and I join with ple and economy of Appalachia a fan­ These two institutions work hand in them in calling for early renegotiation tastic opportunity. hand to develop the best in modern of the abstention line of the North Pa­ Mr. Speaker, the following resolution medicine. The two have combined their cific Treaty to 175° east longitude. supporting the Duke request for a li­ medical brains and talents to devise new We cannot stand by and watch this cense was unanimously adopted by both procedures to provide longer life possi­ natural resource depleted with some houses of the General Assembly of South bilities. vague hope that we can get· around to Carolina: It is with a great deal of pride, then, rebuilding it at some later date. Once it CONCURRENT RESOLUTION APPROVING AND EN­ that I recount for you some of these out­ is gone, it is gone for good. DORSING DuKE POWER Co. KEOWEE-TOXAWAY standing accomplishments. Later will be too late. PROJECT AND URGING THE FEDERAL POWER Even now the people of Denver--of COMMISSION To GRANT PROMPT APPROVAL OF Colorado, and yes, even the world-are THE COMPANY'S APPLICATION TO CONSTRUCT watching, hour by hour, with interest ANOTHER BILLION FOR AND OPERATE THE PROJECT and concern, the progress of a veteran APPALACHIA? Whereas Duke Power Co., on January 2, 1965, announced plans for a hydroelectric, at the Denver VA hospital. Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ pumped storage and steam electric generat­ On February 20, only 2 weeks ago, this mous consent to address the House for 1 ing project in Pickens and Oconee Counties veteran underwent a transplant of a minute, to revise and extend my remarks, which would create initially a. reservoir on human liver to supplement his own pro­ and to include a resolution. tb,e Keowee and Little Rivers of approximate­ gressively failing organ. The SPEAKER. Is there objection ly 17,000 acres and on the Keowee, Toxaway, As of today, thanks to our Almighty to the request of the gentleman from Horsepasture, Thompson and White Water God, this man is still alive. Though his Rivers of approximately 8,000 acres, with South Carolina? plans for full development of the recreation condition still remains critical, I have There was no objection. potential of the area; and learned that he is still progressing. His Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, now that Whereas Duke Power Co. has applied to blood chemistries are normal, he is ex­ Appalachia has passed the Senate and the Federal Power Commission for a license periencing increasingly long intervals of the House and is certain to be signed by to construct the project to be knowf1. as the full rational mental function, and we the President, i·t is time for all of those Keowee-Toxaway project, FPC project No. remain hopeful. who fought so hard for Appalachia to 2503, and the Federal Power.Commission has This is but one instance among many under date of February 8, 1965, given public at the Denver VA hospital. support Duke Power Co.'s application, notice to the State of the company's ap­ now before the Federal Power Commis­ lication for license; and Of the 10 known liver transplants in sion. This project is known as the Keo­ Whereas Duke Power Co. has in the past humans anywhere in the world, six have wee-Toxaway project, FPC project No. demonstrated that it is a public-spirited been done at the Denver VA hospital, 2503. corporate citizen interested in the develop­ and by VA surgeons. This proposed private enterPrise in­ ment of the full resources lying within its While we regretfully admit none of vestment in Appalachia is entirely with­ service area in the State of South Carolina., these liver transplants, so far, have been and has demonstrated its willingness and in the region designated as Appalachia. abllity to invest capital to meet all of the successful, the time of survival has been It is altogether in counties listed in the present and future electric power require­ improving with each patient, and we Appalachia bill as passed. The Duke· ments of its service area in the State: Now, hope eventually the transplant will be Keowee-Toxaway Dams would be the therefore, be it successful. initial stages of an announced invest­ Resolved by the house of representatives But the surgeons are trying-des­ ment by Duke of $700 million in this area. (the senate concurring), That the 1965 Gen­ perately-at the Denver VA hospital. In addition to this $700 million invest­ eral Assembly of South Carolina hereby ap­ These doctors from Denver, from ment, Duke has been requesting an au­ proves and endorses Duke Power Co.'s Colorado, and from throughout the Keowee-Toxaway project and urges the Fed­ thorization of the Congress to build a eral Power Commission to grant prompt world are seeking a successful way of retaining wall and steam plant in Ander­ approval to the company's application to prolonging life through transplants of son County, which would cost $210 mil­ construct and operate the project, in order human organs and restoring health. lion, making a grand total of almost a that the western portion of· South Carolina. They are seeking to overcome momen­ billion dollars, all to be invested in the may enjoy the stimulus to economic devel­ tarily the fantastically complex prob­ Appalachian region. Anderson County is opment which will result from this devel- lems of blood clotting, immune reactions March 5, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4249 and foreign body rejections, that have important program, additional funds The SPEAKER. Is there objection plagued medical science in this care­ must be provided. to the request of the gentlewoman from fully .developed program of research on I believe the contributions to medical Hawaii? the replacement of human organs to knowledge now being made in many VA There was no objection. match the successes of more than 3 years hospitals-such as the Denver VA hos­ Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, much dis­ of organ replacement in animals. pital in my home State-will bring cussion is being generated across the I know the Denver VA hospital is not greater health to those in the world who Nation by the addition of new proposals alone in these studies, but it is a pioneer are fortunate enough to live in our great to provide for the medical needs of our in this field of medicine. The hospital's society. elderly citizens. Many citizens are now advances and determination in this field being urged to support the eldercare pro­ are known throughout the medical world. ROBERT RYAN grams over that of the administration's Scientific accounts, written by sur­ medicare. geons taking part in this great work, Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask At my request, and for the benefit of have been read by hundreds of surgeons unanimous consent to address the House myself and my constituents, the Depart­ in far-off lands. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my ment of Health, Education, and Welfare And news accounts, which I mentioned remarks. has prepared a brief, concise, comparison earlier, have brought the good news, and The SPEAKER. Is there objection of the major provisions of the two bills the heartaches, to everyone through the to the request of the gentleman from and reasons for their support of the civilized world. Connecticut? medicare program under social security. Eighteen other VA hospitals, the VA There was no objection. . I believe that wide dissemination of this tells me, are involved in much the same Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, all of analysis will do much to clarify and type of research program. us enjoyed fully the excellent reproduc­ explain these two bills and point out A total of 45 different research proj­ tion yesterday of Lincoln's second inau­ why, after careful study, I still personally ects are under study at all levels-from gural. Others have already distributed support the provisions contained in the basic laboratory research on immunity the bouquets for the contributions which medicare bill sponsored by the adminis- and its controls, through arduous hours various individuals made to the success . tration. The analysis follows: of animal studies on techniques, medica­ of this observance. I want to add one The eldercare proposal is based upon con­ tions, and supportive treatment. more expression of appreciation. tinuation and enlargement of the Kerr­ In additior.. to the 6 liver transplants, I desire to express my gratitude for the Mills public assistance program and provides studies have been carried out in 4 VA job which Robert Ryan, the distin­ a formula for aid based on a State income hospitals on 100 kidney transplants. guished actor, did in portraying Presi­ test. It is funded through general revenues dent Lincoln and in reading his second and with any reasonable amount of benefits In this field our Denver VA hospital inaugural address. Mr. Ryan contrib­ would require additional revenues both at has done 86 kidney transplants. Of uted time, energy, and devotion to his Federal and State level. The program is, these, 48 patients are still living. At role and his portrayal was a moving and in f.act, not 1 but 50 plans because it least 40 of them have been living for would be operative only to the extent that vital part of the success of this memora­ States undertake the financial responsibility more than a year. We may say this is a ble ceremony. remarkable record for a relatively new it would require. Specifically, eldercare Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I ask would modify the Kerr-Mills law of 1960 to procedure, but the doctors do not yet unanimous consent to extend my remarks encourage a program of medical assistance consider this operation a success. at this point in the RECORD. administered through private insurance com­ Our surgeons say this record still The SPEAKER. Is there objection panies. Such a program is already permis­ places the kidney transplant procedure to the request of the gentleman from sible under existing legislation with a pro­ in the category of a "treatment." Too Illinois? hibition against charging premiums. Fed­ many problems yet require a solution, eral matching for medical assistance fur­ There was no objection. nished in this fashion would be increased they say. Mr. MCCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I am by 5 percent. Part of this increase would, Yet, considering the amazing pace at pleased to associate myself with the ap­ of course, go to the private insurance com­ which our VA hospital has moved over propriate remarks of the gentleman from panies for additional administrative costs. the past 2 years, we can expect consid­ Connecticut [Mr. MONAGAN] in behalf of In addition to the income test, the b111 per­ erable improvement within the next few the contribution and stellar performance mits the States to require premium pay­ years. of Mr. Robert Ryan in the reenactment ments by the aged. The operation will become better The major fault in eldercare is that it of the second inaugural of President simply fails to come to grips with the fact known, and it will be performed by more Abraham Lincoln. that any welfare assistance approach is un­ and more skilled surgeons. The skill and artistry of Robert Ryan's satisfactory as a primary basis for meeting The big problem-organ storage, im­ portrayal of President Lincoln gave im­ the health costs of the aged. Welfare helps mune reaction control, and complica­ pressive realism to this historic event. people meet costs only after their resources tions in blood coagulation-may be over­ To my colleagues, the gentlemen from are substantially depleted. come sufficiently within the next few Illinois, MELVIN PRICE and PAUL FINDLEY, The administration's program of hospital years to provide a suitable therapy and the gentlemen from Indiana, WILLIAM insurance, on the other hand, strives to pre­ rehabilitation for selected veterans. BRAY and WINFIELD DENTON, to the ex­ vent the· occurrence of dependency by al­ lowing people to prepay for insurance VA and the University of Colorado ecutive director, former Congressman against the major costs of illness in old progress, thus far, has been ·stupendous Fred Schwengel, of Iowa, who sponsored age, the cost of hospitalization. Social in­ considering the obstacles involved. the legislation which culminated in this surance supports the individual's self-reli­ While progress will be costly, ·it is a observance, and to all who cooperated ance and independence and prevents pover­ "must" as far as the veteran and the to make this event so successful, I take ty rather than merely working to relieve it. American people are concerned. What­ this occasion to observe that we in the It is difficult to estimate the actual cost ever gains are made at the Denver Vet­ Congress have reason to be both proud of the AMA-endorsed plan. Depending on and grateful. . the enthusiasm and financial ability of the erans' Administration hospital will be States, costs might range from nothing to passed along to all posterity. To the central figure in this living more than $4 billion a year. Even if the To continue a successful research pro­ drania, Robert Ryan, we can say truly States were to provide comprehensive health gram, I can foresee the necessity for an that he is more than a talented and dis­ insurance protection for only those aged immediate research program on the care tinguished actor. Like Lincoln, whose people whose incomes were so low that they and maintenance of costly service cen­ part he played, Robert Ryan is invested did not have to pay any income tax, the pro­ ters for human spare parts somewhere­ with greatness. gram would cost more than $3 billion a year. Financing is a major weakness in possibly in the Denver VA hospital. the proposal. It depends solely on State And, if organ transplant research is ELDERCARE VERSUS MEDICARE initiative and it would be weak where exist­ to continue, if our Denver hospital is to ing Kerr-Mills legislation is weak. If States move forward with its rapid advances in Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ can't find the funds to provide adequate the field of medical research, and if imous consent to address the House for 1 Kerr-Mills programs, they surely are not other VA hospitals are to undertake a minute, to revise and extend my remarks, going to find the funds for an expanded pro­ more eft'ective study in this increasingly and to include extraneous matter. gram of comprehensive health insurance. 4250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 5, 1965 The increase in Federal matching would be President because they had not been ADJOURNMENT OVER TO MONDAY, o! little value to these poorer States as the a resident of Georgia for 12 months, MARCH 8, 1965 5-percent, across-the-board increase would and they could not obtain an absentee mean little to States with small financial Mr. BOGGS . . Mr. Speaker, I ask resources while the high-income States ballot because they no longer resided unanimous consent that when the House would benefit substantially. in the State from which they had moved. adjourns today it adjourn to meet on There are equal weaknesses in the benefit Therefore, even though they had been Monday next. structure. With the exception o! some regular and qualified voters in their The SPEAKER. Is there objection to limited institutional and noninstitutional former State they were frustrated in the request of the gentleman from care the benefits under this plan would de­ their de~ire to vote in our State. Louisiana? pend solely on the State. It is conceivable It has come to my attention that this that a State could adopt. a high-income test Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving and a low benefit structure, gain the increase is a national problem due to the increas­ the right to object, I am wondering why of Federal matching money and actually offer ing mobility of our population and cor­ this session is being held today if what less coverage than it is presently offering rective legislation must be enacted to we have had constitutes all the business. under Kerr-Mills. The income test, inci­ safeguard the right of qualified citizens Will the gentleman inform the House? dentally, discriminates against the aged who to vote in presidential elections. Mr. BOGGS. I made the announce­ live off annuities and retirement payment Historically and constitutionally the plans. The person who lives off his savings ment on yesterday in respanse to inquiry would not be disqualified under an income States have determined voter qualifica­ from the distinguished gentleman from test. If the test were based on the previous tions and it seems appropriate that we Illinois [Mr. ARENDS], that the session year's income, it would exclude people who call on the several States to act now today would be pro forma in nature. lose their jobs and their income after they to eliminate the possibility of even larg­ Mr. GROSS. Pro forma in nature is had some earnings in the prior year. Under er numbers of American citizens being hardly explanatory. such a test there would be an almost 2-year disfranchised in the 1968 presidential Mr. BOGGS. Would the gentleman ~ lag between loss of income and first eligibil­ election and subsequent elections. If like to make a speech? ity. In addition, it is difficult to conceive o! a test that would be meaningful were it the States act there will be no need for Mr. GROSS. I am wondering why a based on a prediction of the future. congressional legislation to uphold this session is being held today on a pro The bill also includes income tax provi­ important right. Greater voter par­ f orma basis. sions for medical expense deductions that ticipation in presidential elections should Mr. BOGGS. I replied to the gentle­ would provide some degree of tax saving for be the beneficial result. man. It is within the province of the young people who pay medical expenses and Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, will the leadership to hold these sessions, and we insurance premiums for aged relatives. This, gentleman yield? are holding it because of future legisla­ of course, as with any income t ax deduction tive business rather than present legis­ provision, offers the greatest savings to those Mr. MACKAY. I yield to the gentle­ with the highest incomes. Also deductible man from West Virginia. lative business. are premiums paid for accident and health Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, I would Mr. GROSS. Why not a pro forma insurance that would take effect after age 65. like to commend the gentleman from session on Saturday, then? Would that This provision has little meaning as com­ Georgia on this excellent resolution and not be helpful? prehensive coverage is seldpm available, and state that I support it and I hope that Mr. BOGGS. For very obvious rea­ then at prohibitive cost for most people it will get the wholehearted support of sons, 1t is not necessary. nearing retirement. Fixed dollar payments the Congress. There were many cases Mr. GROSS. What makes this pro which predominate in these policies would forma session necessary? be of little benefit to those purchasing them in 1964 when people in every State of at early age since the continual increase in the Union were disfranchised because Mr. BOGGS. The future legislative health care cost would render them near they moved. I realize this is primarily proceedings. In order to expedite the useless by the time the policyholder reached a problem which probably must be solved business of the Congress. age 65. by State legislation, but it is the duty Mr. GROSS. In what particular? of Congress to help identify the prob­ Mr. BOGGS. In order to avoid fur­ ther delay of legislation that will be con­ COMMITI'EE ON RULES lem, crystallize sentiment in relation to the problem, and if necessary help sidered in the immediate future. Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask stimulate joint action so that our mobile · Mr. GROSS. In what specific way? unanimous consent that the Committee population does not become dis­ In what particular? on Rules may have until midnight to­ Mr. BOGGS. I have responded to the night to file a report. franchised. gentleman as much as I care to at this The SPEAKER. Is there objection to time. the request of the gentleman from Loui­ MANPOWER REPORT AND REPORT Mr. GROSS. Is there anyone else on siana? OF THE SECRETARY OF LABOR ON the minority side or the majority who can There was no objection. help me on this, as to why we are meeting MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS, RE­ on this basis? SOURCES, USE, AND TRAINING­ I simply do not understand what this NEW STATE RESIDENT VOTING MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT is all about. Mr. MACKAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask OF THE UNITED STATES Mr. BOGGS. The gentleman under­ unanimous consent to address the House The SPEAKER laid before the House stands perfectly well. for 1 minute. the following message from the Presi­ Mr. GROSS. If a session today is good The SPEAKER. Is there objection dent of the United States, which was it ought to be good tomorrow. to the request of the gentleman from read and, together with the accompany­ Mr. BOGGS. The gentleman under­ Georgia? ing papers, referred to the Committee stands perfectly what is going on. He There was no objection. on Education and Labor: has been here a long time. I will say we Mr. MACKAY. Mr. Speaker, I have have also met in order to receive a very this morning introduced a concurrent THE WHITE HOVSE, important message from the President of resolution which I hope will be adopted Wdshington, D.C., March 5, 1965. the United States that we. wanted to re- as the sense of Congress because I be­ The Honorable the PRESIDENT OF THE ceive. · lieve it makes good sense. This resolu- SENATE. Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I would tion, if adopted, would recommend to The Honorable the SPEAKER OF THE hope that in the future we might have a the several States that they act prompt­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. good explanation for · a session of this ly to adopt new and uniform res.idence SIRS: As required by section 104 of the kind. requirements for citizens who move from Manpower Development and Training Mr. BOGGS. The gentleman is a very one State to another during a presiden­ Act of 1962, I am sending to the Con­ industrious Member of the Congress. He tial election year to insure the right of gress my annual Manpower Report, and could have used this opportunity to en­ new citizens to vote in presidential elec­ the report of the Secretary of Labor on lighten us on some of the things he has tions. manpower requirements, resources, use, studied. · I learned that many new residents of and training. Mr. G:i;tOSS. I do not kpow of any­ the Fourth Congressional District of Sincerely, thing I could refer to today that has Georgia were not permitted to vote for LYNDON B. JOHNSON. enlightened ine on this subject. · March 5, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 4251 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to during the same period may nearly doµble. · · differ radically from passenger trains and 'other such "corridors" can be identified railways as we know them today. the request of the gentleman from throughout the Nation. Advances in the The research and development activity Louisiana? transportation of goods and people safely, which would be carried out under the pro­ There was no objection. t A reliably, and economically in one densely. pop- posed legislation would be accomplished in ulated area will tie directly applicable to cooperation with all relevant elements of our other regions. present 'transportation system, whether pri- HIGH-SPEED TRANSPORTATION RE­ It is clear that we should explore the feast- .vately or publicly owned and operated. SEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT bility of an improved ground transportation Initial demonstration projects utilizing system for such heavily traveled corridors. present railroad technology would be co;n­ Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask The program outlined by the Secretary of ducted with Federal participation. Such unanimous consent to address the House Commerce calls for research on materials, projects would involve relatively low-cost for 1 minute, to revise and extend my re­ aerodynamics, vehicle power and control, and improvements-in present rail service, for the marks, and to include a communication guideways. Information requirements for purpose of measuring market response to from the President of the United States. regional studies and evaluations are to be higher rail speeds, variation in fares, greater defined and the necessary data collected. We travel comfort and convenience, and more The SPEAKER. Is there objection must learn about travel needs and prefer- frequent service. to the request of the gentleman from ences, in part through the use of large- In order to determine the demand for Arkansas? · scale demonstration projects. New methods transportation and to evaluate the relative There was no objection. of analyzing the problem will be developed to economic efficiency of different systems, sec­ Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ give adequate consideration to the large tion 2 of the proposed legislation would au­ day introducing a bill which was sent number of regional and local characteristics thorize the collection of transportation data up yesterday by the President to au­ which influence the performance, acceptabil- and statistics. This data is essential in ar­ thorize the Secretary of Commerce ity, and cost of all kinds of systems. riving at sound policy decisions in the future to The task is large and complex. Evolution- regarding high-speed ground transportation undertake research and development in ary improvement in the existing railroad as well as other decisions on the improve­ high-speed ground transportation. The system must be compared to much more radi- ment of the national transportation system. need for such research, particularly with cal and longer term developments. Systems Present statistical program,s do not fully regard to the finding of some answers proposed must be compatible with urban meet these needs. For example, origin and to the transportation problem of the transportation plans. The research and de- destination data on travel and more com­ Washington-Boston "corridor" was well velopment activity will require the services plete and accurate information on travel pointed out in the President's message of many outstanding scientists, engineers, patterns during periods of peak use are administrators, and business executives. But needed. Also needed are standard statistical to the Congress. I know that we will find the skills in indus- definitions and location codes. It seems to me appropriate to include try, in the universities, and in government- It is anticipated that work performed dur­ at this point in the RECORD the text of both national and local-to do the job. The ing the next 3 years will be sufficient to per­ the President's message as well as the consequences of beginning now will be vital, mit decisions to be made concerning future statement of the purpose and need for for experience has demonstrated to us that activities i:q. high-speed ground transporta­ legislation to authorize the Secretary of dollars spent in sound research and develop- tion. Clearly there will continue to be need Commerce to engage in this activity: ment produce benefits many times over. for carrying on fundamental research and Sincerely, development in ground transportation sys­ THE WHITE HOUSE, LYNDON B. JOHNSON. tems as well as to continue collection of Washington, March 4, 1965. adequate transportation statistics. There Hon. JOHN W. McCORMACK, STATEMENT OF P'URPOSE AND NEED FOR LEGIS­ may also be a basis for pioneering develop­ Speaker of the House of Representatives, LATION To AUTHORIZE THE SECRETARY OF ment of new ground transportation systems Washington, D.C. COMMERCE TO UNDERTAKE RESEARCH AND in the northeast corridor and in other areas DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I am pleased to trans­ DEVELOPMENT IN HIGH-SPEED GROUND of the Nation. mit to Congress proposed legislation for high­ TRANSPORTATION AND FOR OTHER P'URPO.SES speed ground transportation research and de­ The purpose of the proposed legislation velopment. This legislation will help us to is to authorize the Secretary of Commerce FRIDAY SESSION bring scientific and technical talent to bear to carry out activities relating to the develop­ Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ on an increasingly important area of trans­ ment of high-speed ground transportation, mous consent to address the House for portation not previously subject to inten­ thereby contributing to the improvement of sive, continuing inquiry. the national transportation system. 1 minute and to revise and extend, my The life of every citizen is influenced. by Efficient surface transportation has always remarks. · transportation service. This vast economic been a vital force in promoting the economic The SPEAKER. Is there objection activity not only absorbs one out of every .growth of our Nation. The President has to the request of the gentleman from five GNP dollars; it shapes the environment emphasized that we must improve ways of Ohio? in which we live and work. Advances in our transporting people and goods safely, reli­ There was no objection. transportation system must constantly be ably, and economically over relatively short Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I came in made if we are to continue to enjoy growth distances in densely populated areas. and prosperity-and if America is to be a just in time to hear, I believe correctly, The northeast corridor and other densely the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. GRoss], livable nation. populated areas face critical intercity trans­ The last three decades have produced great portation problems which require the ap­ complaining about holding a session to­ technological achievements in air and high­ plication of advanced technology to ground day. I have heard the gentleman from way transportation. Commercial planes to­ transportation systems. The proposed legis­ Iowa a good many times complaining day fly three times as fast as they did in the lation would authorize research and develop­ about not holding a session on Friday, so 1930's. Automobiles speed along modern ment activities which could be expected to this shows how di:tncult it is to please the highways at greatly reduced traveltime. The result in the development of more efficient gentleman. progress of our rail transportation system, and economical intercity transportation sys­ unfortunately, has not matched these strides. tems. It should be emphasized that the pro­ I believe the power o! science and tech­ posed legislation is not limited to a con­ VOICE OF DEMOCRACY nology, demonstrated so well in the evolution sideration of the transportation needs of the of air and highway travel, can be utilized northeast corridor, nor should it be regarded Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I ask in the solution of other transportation prob­ as being for the.sole benefit of one particular unanimous consent that the gentleman lems, especially rail transportation. region of the Nation. On the contrary, the from North Dakota [Mr. ANDREWS] may Striking advances in intercity ground activities to be conducted would be bene­ extend his remarks at this point in the transportation-advances in speed, reliabil­ ficial for the Nation as a whole, and would RECORD and include extraneous matter. ity, . comfort, and convenience-are needed assist during the coming years in the solu­ and possible. In the last 50 years, intercity tion of the transportation problems of dense­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection freight tonnage has risen 4 times, and pas­ ly populated regions in the Nation. to the request of the gentleman from senger travel has increased· 25-fold. In 1960, The proposed legislation is not designed to Illinois? Americans traveled over 600 billion passen­ benefit or to concentrate solely on one There was no objection. ger-miles, exclusive of local movement. That particular type of transportation. Wholly Mr. P,.NDREWS of North Dakota. figure will more than double by 1980. new kinds of vehicles, guideways, and opera­ Mr. Speaker, for many years· the Vet­ We face an imminent need for improved tional and control systems may evolve from erans of Foreign Wars has done an out­ intercity transportation in the densely pop­ concentrated technological research in high­ ulated area along the east coast-betweep. speed ground transportation. Such results standing job promoting good citizenship Washington and Boston-where travel is ex­ can be foreseen with~n the scope o! preseJ:l,t among the youth of our country through pected to increase by 150 to 200 p~rcent be­ and foreseeable technology. A new high­ ~ their ·annual national Voice of Democ• tween 1960 and 1980. Freight shipments speed ground transportation system would ·racy program. This year the winner iil 4252 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 5, 1965 North Dakota is Sam L. Anderson who compassionate, and devout in faith to God. from neighboring countries throughout comes from Wahpeton. Oh yes, the prize-the prize is the greatest their long history. I am pleased to read Sam's winning that could be awarded-a completely strong nation, not in armaments alone, but in the During the Second World War, the essay into the RECORD today. character and strength of its people, a na­ Bulgarian people were compelled to be­ VOICE OF DEMOCRACY, 1964-65 tion morally right, standing as a symbol to come the ally of Nazi Germany, and (By sam. L. Anderson, Wahpeton, N. Dak.) the entire world-proclaiming this is free­ although the United States was, there­ Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and wel­ dom-this is America. fore, forced to declare war on Bulgaria, come to the Happy Contest Hour, where we I strongly urge all of you to enter the con­ we knew that this alliance was not the present you with the opportunity to win a tes~I challenge you to meet the require­ wish of these courageous people, so many variety of prizes in a variety of contests. ments-and make your America mightier of whom had volunteered to join our own Today, our contest is this: We challenge any than it is today. Armed Forces. one of our listeners to be a citizen. Sound One of the cruel ironies of history is· simple? Well, I'm afraid it isn't. Not to­ day. Not in this present age. Today it takes BIRTHDAY OF THOMAS G. that Russia did not declare war on Bul­ almost a superman. Why? Because, it MASARYK> garia until after hostilities with Ger­ seems, in order to be a true citizen, you must many were over. At that time Russia go against the majority. And that is some­ Mr. Mc'CLORY. Mr. Speaker, I ask declared war on the unfortunate Bul­ thing very few people have the courage to do. unanimous consent that the gentleman garian nation so as to have an excuse You see, it is a great challenge, to be a from Illinois [Mr. DERWINSKI] may ex­ for conquering the country and, assisted citizen, a good citizen, anywhere in our world tend his remarks at this Point in the by subversives within Bulgaria, installed in this age of machines, stepped-up produc­ RECORD and include extraneous matter. its puppet dictatorship. The subjugation tion, and a nuclear threat or two thrown in The SPEAKER. Is there objection of Bulgaria was confirmed by the in­ for good measure. to the request of _the gentleman from Now let's examine the rules or standard famous agreement to which President we have set whereby one, or more, of our lis­ Illinois? Roosevelt agreed permitting Russia to teners can win this exciting contest. There was no objection. retain its unjust control over Bulgaria. In order to win, you, first of all, must be Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, As Americans, we certainly should be patriotic, I'm sure you all recognize that Czechoslovakia, which has suffered since ashamed of this chapter in our diplo­ ·word. It means, in essence, foolishly senti­ the close of World War II under Com­ matic history. From that time to the mental. For how many Americans place munist oppression, has produced many present, Bulgaria has been under the their hands on their hearts and stand gazing outstanding men in its history whose il­ with pride when our flag precedes a parade? cruel oppression of the international How many feel unashamed to sing "The lustrious careers serve as models to Communist conspiracy. Star-Spangled Banner," at a basketball which we can aspire. We certainly can be proud of the many game? How many have taken the time to March 7 marks the 115th anniversary significant contributions which Bulgar­ learn the proper folding and care of our flag? of the birthday of Thomas G. Masaryk, ians who have come to the United States How many know what it stands for? That who was elected as the first President of have made to our country. We must also flag has been all over the world, in peace and the Republic of Czechoslovakia at the work to compensate for the great injus­ war. It has frowned on the aggressor, age of 68 following many years of strug­ smiled compassionately at the underfed, 111 tice done to the Bulgarian people by clad, the sick and oppressed. Yet our own gle during which he displayed his great allowing them to be subjugated by the citizens don't take as much pride in it or intelligence and bravery. Soviet Union by working in every possible love it and respect it as much as these under­ Masaryk, who was a philosopher and way to support their national aspirations. developed nations who have learned how im­ social critic, was elected to the Austrian May I take this opportunity to comm.end portant it can be if needed. I therefore Parliament in 1891 but resigned only 2 the actions of the Bulgarian people and challenge you, American, to be patriotic, to years later in protest against the treat­ their leaders in exile and give them all love your fiag and what stands behind it. ment of Czechoslovak nationalists. He The second requirement is that you be possible aid in their efforts to achieve strong in character. Our minds now twn then spent a number of years writing on independence for their beloved land once back to 1620, when our Pilgrim forefathers history and philosophy, with special em­ again. landed on America's shores. What should be phasis on criticism of the Marxist phi­ Mr. Speaker, great historic days are so impressive to us is that they were ordinary losophy. Masaryk escaped to Paris at to be observed not only to recall the people not rich aristocrats, or royalty fleeing the beginning of World War I and glories of the past but to use the record in exile. They were simple ordinary men and formed the Czechoslovakian National women, searching for a land in which they of-national virtues and accomplishments could become free. Freedom-so high a goal Council in conjunction with Dr. Eduard of a people as the inspiration on which that they braved almost overpowering odds to Benes. · The Council became the recog­ to build a future. The people of Bul­ attain it. And if ordinary men and women nized Government of Czechoslovakia. garia are among the unhappy victims of could build the foundations of our democracy, In October 1918, Czechoslovakia was Communist suppression. Their govern­ ordinary people today could certainly up­ proclaimed a republic and was duly rec­ ment is not legitimate and does not truly hold it, if they have this vital strength of ognized. Thomas G. Masaryk became its reflect the aspirations of its people. character, if they believe in high principles President and was reelected three times and fight for high goals. Therefore, we must be alert against the The third requirement is compassion. before resigning at the age of 85. He de­ trap now being set by Communist gov­ Flash: A large group of people stood in an voted his life to the freedom of his coun­ ernments, luring the United States into omce building and watched a young girl get try. trade concessions on the pretext that stabbed 37 times. No one made any at­ The anniversary of the birth of this their communism is mellowing. Aid or tempt to help her. More people heard her great man is of special imPortance to us subsidized trade with the Bulgarian gov­ screams but indifferently went about their because his life illustrates the importance ernment merely serves to perpetuate its business, and let her die. This is the very autocratic control over the brave people essence of the challenge, man's love for men, of constant vigilance to retain freedom. when people take time to worry about some­ of Bulgaria. one else, and by doing so, uphold every­ thing past Americans have fought for. Each SUBJUGATION OF :J3ULGARIA generation, it seems, becomes a little more Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I ask EAST-WEST TRADE indifferent than the last. Regardless of reli­ unanimous consent that the gentleman gion, race, color, or creed, be compassionate Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I ask and don't let our great America defeat it­ from Illinois [Mr. DERWINSKIJ may ex.., unanimous consent that the gentleman self. tend his remarks at this point in the from Illinois [Mr. DERWINSKIJ may ex­ The last requirement is somewhat of a RECORD and include extraneous matter. tend his remarks at this point in the composite of the other three. Believe in The SPEAKER. Is there objection RECORD and include extraneous matter. God and strive to keep His commandments. to the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection If more Americans had a deeper faith in Illinois? to the request of the gentleman from and devotion to God, problems of morality, Illinois? racism, general indifference, could be par­ There was no objection. tially, 1! not completely solved. In the Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, on There was no objection. process, America's freedom light would March 3 the brave people of Bulgaria Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I gleam brighter than it ever has before. observed their national liberation day. am pleased to place in the RECORD at this There you have it, Americans-your chal­ They have been oppressed by cruel dic­ point a statement by the AFL-CIO Ex­ lenge. Be patriotic, strong in character, tatorship and threatened by aggression ecutive Council, issued March 1, 1965, at March 5, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4253 Bal Harbour, Fla., on the subject of material they need for bolstering their falter­ of Vietnam, dismantling the wall of shame East-West trade. ing economy. in Berlin, and call1ng off their m111tary in­ In view of the almost hysterical propa­ There is no reason for American business­ filtration of the Congo. Only under such ganda barrage directed from the White men to join in a mad scramble for trade with conditions, can trade and credits be a valu­ Communist countries. Such a scramble only able weapon in the hands of the Western House to condition the public to the mas­ puts the Communtst rulers in a position to democracies in their dealings with the Soviet sive trade concessions that the adminis­ exploit, for their own benefit, such compe­ Union and other Communist regimes, and in tration is planning to make the Commu­ tition among Western economic interests and furthering human freedom and world peace. nist dictatorships of Eastern Europe, the to divide and weaken the democracies. forthright; courageous, and, may I state, There is no foundation to the myth that Mr. Speaker, subsidized trade or aid to correct stand of the AFL-CIO is most the expansion of Western trade will promot.e any Communist government merely timely. The statement follows: the liberalization of any Communist govern­ strengthens the dictatorship and permits ment or encourage the separation of the it to expand control over the captive peo­ . STATEMENT BY THE A~CIO EXECUTIVE satellites from the U.S.S.R. These regimes COUNCIL ON EAST-WEST TRADE . are tied to Moscow by strong ideological, ple of communism. At a time when The economy of an Communist countries political, military, and economic bonds. U.S. casualties are mounting in Vietnam, has been beset for some time by grave eco­ Their rulers share with Moscow the basic the possibility is arising of renewed Com­ nomic difficulties. Their much-vaunted aim .of Communist world domination. The munist activity in South Korea and re­ system of totalitarian economic planning is revolutionary upheavals of 1953 and 1956 involvement in Laos is being discussed, plagued with serious imbalance, shoddy pro­ have demonstrated forcefully .that these subsidized trade with the Communist duction, costly dislocation of manpower and satellite regimes could not survive without governments of Eastern Europe is self­ waste. Communist collectivized and state Moscow's mmtary support. defeating. Just recently we have read agriculture have been in continuous crisis. Their armies are part of the Warsaw Pact of the supplies the Communist govern­ The dearth of consumers' goods continues Organization. Their economies have, in large unabated in the U.S.S.R. and in all other measure, been integrated into the Comecon, ments of Poland and Czechoslovakia, Communist countries. These economic dif­ the Communists counterpart of the Common among others, have provided to North ficulties have been profoundly aggravated, , Market. In spite of $700 m111ion in U.S. aid, Vietnam, and we are also aware of the especially in the Soviet Union ~nd Com­ Communist Poland has set the pace in role of these Communist governments munist China, by their relentless drive to championing the Comecon and Soviet foreign in supplying the Castro dictatorship. build a huge arsenal of nuclear and other policies. Its domestic policies are increas­ I commend the .AFL-CIO Executive modern weapons for aggression. The huge ingly retrogressivE!. Tito's Yugoslavia which Council for their strong policy expression sums they have been spending on economic has received over a b111ion dollars of West­ and military projects for subversive purposes ern aid has lately strengthened its economic on this vital subject. in some developing countries have further ties with Moscow by associating itself with strained their economies and placed addi­ the Comecon. Rumania, which is supposed tional heavy burdens on the Soviet and Chi­ to be turning away from Moscow, has more REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NEW nese people. political prisoners than any other satell1te ENGLAND The Communist governments are seeking and lends aid and comfort to Peiping. Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I ask expanded trade with and long-term credits Increased economic relations with the unanimous consent that the gentleman from the Western democracies in order to Communist satemtes wm not improve the overcome their economic plight. Some free general East-West relations. The satell1te from Maine · [Mr. TUPPER] may extend world businessmen have been showing real regimes continue to support Soviet foreign his remarks at this point in the RECORD interest in expanding trade with and credits policies in Vietnam, the Congo, in the U.N., and include extraneous matter. to Moscow, its satell1tes, and even Peiping. and Cyprus. The American Legations in The SPEAKER. Is there objection In facing this .problem, these businessmen Bulgaria and Hungary were recently sub­ to the request of the gentleman from must realize that, in an Communist coun­ jected to the same mob attack as was our Illinois? tries, all economic matters are totally domi­ Embassy in Moscow. There was no objection. nated by the state. In these totalitarian so­ American businessmen would be guilty of cieties, all economic relations are, first of all, terrible shortsightedness if they were to Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, I am sure political in character and aim. Khrushchev provide the Kremlin, on a business as usual that all Members will be interested in a made this clear several years ago when he basis, the goods and technical know-how it speech made recently by the Honorable told a delegation of U.S. Senators that "We needs so badly. American businessmen are Benjamin J. Dorsky, president, Maine value trade least for economic reasons and not starved for foreign markets. They do State Federated Labor Council, AFL­ most for political reasons." not have to chase for such low grade outlets CIO, and secretary-treasurer of the New Consequently, it would be utterly unrealis­ as the Iron Curtain countries. The U.S. England AFL-CIO Council, before a tic for American industrialists and traders to foreign trade balance has, for years, con­ think that they can do "business as usual" tinued to be highly favorable. There is no meeting of the Governors of the New when they deal with Communist govern­ reason why American businessmen should England States. , ments. It is not true that in such deals "the compete with others in doing the wrong Mr. Dorsky's outline of New England only thing that matters is profit and competi­ thing. Let none forget that agreements with problems and recommended solutions de­ tive advantage." This practice of doing the Soviets, whether they be in the realm serve a great deal of thought, and I "business as usual" with the Nazi and Fas­ of science, politics, diplomacy, or economics, earnestly urge each and every one of my cist dictators proved disastrous before World are worthless. The Kremlin rulers never colleagues to read this outstanding ad­ War II. "Business as usual" with Communist enter into any agreements on the basis of a dress. dictators will certainly be no less disastrous. mutuality of interests. Despite much effort The decisive consideration in commercial and generous scientific help by the United In supporting the Appalachia bill I did transactions with these dictatorships is that States in the realm of space science, Moscow so ·with the hope and expectation that such deals must serve the national interest persists in refusing to contribute any the President's program for a Great So­ of our country and its free society and not weather information obtained through space ciety will not be limited to any one re­ merely help bail the Communist regimes out satellites. gion of the country. of their economic difficulties. All Moscow wants to get from expanded Mr. Dorsky's speech follows: The record shows that, in seeking expand­ commercial and financial relations with our REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OJi' NEW ENGLAND ed economic relations with the West, Com­ country and the other democracies is help munist governments have been motivated for overcoming its serious economic difficul­ (Statement by Benjamin J. Dorsky, presi­ primarily by a desire to strengthen their eco­ ties, help to enable it to give its people some dent, Maine State Federated Labor Coun­ nomic system and totalitarian rule rather badly needed consumers' goods while it con­ cil, AFL-CIO and secretary-treasurer of the than by serious concern for speeding the tinues to build up its nuclear weapons ar­ New England AFL-CIO Council, before the improvement of the living conditions of the senal, help to continue its program of eco­ meeting of the Governors of the six New people. The substantial Western aid extend­ nomic and political subversion of the de­ England States, Boston, Mass., January ed. to date to these countries, including Yugo­ veloping countries. Such help by American 25, 1965) slavia, has not resulted in a comparable im­ and other business interests can only finance Governor Hoff and the other honorable provement Of the living standards of the peo­ and fac111tate further Soviet aggression Governors of the New England States, my ple. against the democracies. name is Ben Dorsky. I am president of the The executive council maintains that un­ We urge our Government to make utmost Maine State Federated Labor Council, ~ der no circumstances should any strategic effort to have the Western democracies de­ CIO. I am also secretary-treasurer of the goods be sold today to any Communist gov­ velop a concerted policy toward trade with New England AFL-CIO Council. ernment. We further propose that no Amer­ the Communist countries. No trade or On behalf of organized labor in New Eng­ ican businessmen should enter into any com­ credits concessions should be accorded to land, I wish to convey our appreciation of mercial transaction with Moscow or its Eu­ Moscow, Peiping, or any Communist govern­ this opportunity to appear before you and ropean satellltes which would enable them to ment without an adequate political quid set forth what we believe should be the provide Castro or Mao Tse-tung with any pro quo like ceasing subversion and invasion basic policy, administrative and program CXI--270 4254 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - · HOUS~ March ·5, 1965. foundations for developing New England's continental United States but with 10.8 mll­ Out of the Nation's 150 major labor areas, natural and human resources. llon estimated population in 1963 or 5.7 the U.S. Department of Labor in November The time is far overdue for our six States percent of total U.S. population. 1964, reported 26, wherein there was sub­ to consider themselves as a region and work Its history and traditions are common. stantial unemployment (6 or more of the together as such in attempting to find solu­ Its cllmatic conditions are simllar. It faces total work force) . Eight of these were in tions for the problems which cannot be con­ one ocean-the Atlantic. Its western New England-one in Connecticut, six in fined within State or local boundaries, any­ boundaries lie along one mountain range, Massachusetts, and one in Rhode Island. more than the courses of great rivers, the the Appalachian. Unllke the Tennessee In addition to the major labor centers, contours of mountain chains, the ocean that Valley: and the Columbia River Basin, New there is substantial unemployment in 25 breaks against our shores, the moving air, England is. not drained by a single major smaller, areas in the region, including 3 in or our mobile, energetic and restless people. river system. · This does not in any sub­ Connecticut, 7 in Maine, 9 in the Massa­ Revolutionary change is all about us. Our stantial way however, prevent a regional chusetts-New Hampshire-Rhode Island tri­ way of life has been altered more profoundly comprehensive resource based plan and pro­ angle, and 6 in Vermont. in the past three decades than during the gram to be drawn up and executed. Let us look at some other factors which whole course of the world's previous re­ New England is exceeded only by the Mid· have a bearing both on the economy of the corded history. This change shows no signs die Atlantic region in population per square region and the quality of living of its people. of abating. It is proliferating and con­ mile of land area. In 1870 there were about River systems, such as the Connecticut and stantly taking new forms. 55 persons per square mile-in 1963 an esti­ St. John's, and tidal estuaries are heavily The major components of this revolution­ mated 165. polluted by human and industrial wastes. ary change are population growth, and new In 1870, about 45 percent of New England's Very little has been done ln New England, scientific and industrial techniques. population was urban; in 1963 about 76 per­ either by the States or the localities, to Large problems, as well as large oppor­ cent was thus classified, the highest propor­ establish effective programs to regulate air tunities, have arisen as a result of more and tion of any region. Yet, Vermont was ex­ pollution. more people moving into urban areas and ceeded only by Mississippi and North Dakota By reason of failure to develop water re­ great metropolitan centers. The growth of in percentage of rural population to the sources of the region by comprehensive scientific technology and industry has fur­ State total. major, multiple-purpose storage facilities, ther complicated, as wen as improved, our In 1870, New England held nearly 9 per­ New England is a chronic victim of fioods material condition. Not only are the more cent of total U.S. population. By 1963, only such as t}\e devastating inundations of 1927 obvious aspects of our economy and our an estimated 6 percent of the total U.S. and 1955 and of droughts such as the almost political institutions undergoing a rapid population lived in New England. unparalleled dry spell of last year. Yet New revolution, but the quality of living itself 1s England has an historical average of 41 inches caught up in pervasive change. Between 1870 and 1880, New England's of precipitation a year, and it still contains The six New England States are being buf­ population rose 15 percent. Between 1950 large, untapped underground water reser­ feted by these new winds. The most pressing and 1960, her population showed only a 12.9- voirs as well. percent increase, as compared to 18.5 percent dilemmas and challenges created by the Much needs to be done to restore and pre­ revolution of the post-World War II era are for the United States. Over the period 1960 serve cover on New England's watersheds, to common to the region as a whole. to 1962, there was a net outmigration of conserve use and manage land in and around Organized labor in New England has long 118,000 persons from New England, at a rate the cities and where new developments in held the firm view that the efforts to move exceeded only in the west north centeral and public and private facilities and utilities are and adapt to new situations of the kind we east south central regions. Only Connecti­ either misusing it and losing its topsoil or face cannot be made with the old local solu­ cut showed more persons moving into that using it for the wrong purposes. New Eng­ tions, nor by employing unplanned, piece­ State than out of it, occasioned probably by land's forestry problems devolve around pre­ meal and expedient remedies. Localism as its commuter proximity to New York City. dominantly private ownership and many an end in itself is 'self-defeating. Decllne in farm population has been ac­ small plots as well as the need for more re­ Passing optimism that the machinery of companied by an equivalent decline in farm search and intensified, sustained yield prac­ the market will wind itself for New England employment and number of acres of land in tices by owners of commercial forests, large can be ruinous to our expectations. There farms at a more rapid pace than the rest and small. is no ~onger any room in the councils of of the country. Farm employment has New England has always offered a variable our region for the special groups who have dropped nearly 50 percent between 1940 and dish of recreational opportunities. These a vested interest in preserving the status 1963, as compared to 40 percent for the require a new and comprehensive look. The quo. United States. Amount of land in farms need for out-of-door recreational opportuni­ We regard the attitude of the Governors lessened by 30 percent between 1940 and ties for urban dwellers, particularly middle­ of the six States of this region as the hope­ 1960 in New England, as against an increase and low-income groups, ls acute ln New Eng­ ful beginnings of a revitalized New Eng­ of 5.5 percent nationally. Number of farms land, just as it is wherever metropolitan land. You are meeting together and dis­ ln this region ln 1960 were 50 percent under complexes have grown. To increase the value cussing common problems. You are taking those .in 1940. as against the national de­ of the recreation industry to New England's the lead in the effort that must be made crease of 39 percent. economy, new facll1ties must be planned, to identify New England as a functional In 1870, more than one of every five workers land acquired, programs financed, and re­ region. ln manufacturing were in New. England. In sources used efficiently. The need for New England to organize 1960, this proportion has decreased to 1 in 12. Our region has always lived close to the sea. itself as a functional region has never been With regard to per capita income, New Its fisheries and its ports and trade have greater, nor the enlarging benefits to its England stood 39.1 percent above the na­ been one of the solld underpinnings of New citizens if it does so. tional average in 1929, and 12.6 percent over England's economic development and it.a There has been a long historical decli~e the national average in 1963. In 1929, Maine, unique fiavor. in the economic importance of our six States New Hampshire, and Vermont had per capita Although the lessons and techniques of in relationship to the rest of the Nation. incomes below the national average. The comprehensive development and manage­ We have pressin~, unsolved problems in same was true in 1963. In that year, only ment of land resources are at hand to be providing more jobs, of expandlhg existing Idaho, New Mexico, South Dakota, and 11 applied, the same cannot be said with regard and attracting •new industries. We have Southern1 and border States had lower per to the fisheries and other immense resources many areas of hard-core unemployment. We capita incomes than the State of Maine, of the ocean. Fish and k111 is stlll the rule. are a region of. excessively high fuel and while only Nevada and the District of Co­ It is a danger to the stabllity and growth power costs. We are assailed by a battalion lumbia stood .higher than the State of Con­ of this New England resource. There is of urban problems-water supply and necticut at the 1other end of the scale. a lack of international agreements to coop­ quallty, pollution of air, proper land use, The average weekly wage ln manufacturing erate in conservation of fisheries and pro­ recreation. In ri,1ral areas we ha'tre economic for the United States was slightly over $99 grams to determine how best to conserve and anemia, a decimation of the farm popula­ in 1963. Connecticut, with a figure of about expand the use of this renewable resource, as tion, lacks in timber management, water­ $105 weekly was the only New England State well as the renewable mineral and chemical shed protection, and soil conservation. to exceed the national average, and 16 States resources of the ocean, its unbelievable po­ Only the most effective regional planning, and the District of Columbia stood higher tential for development of future supplies organization, and adequate programs, bring­ than she did. of electric power and the necessary expan­ ing into full cooperation the resources of Workers in New Hampshire and Maine sion of shoreline recreational areas. Federal, State, and local governments, the received nearly $22 and $20 per week less, New England is the highest cost energy universities and colleges, and the private respectively, than the U.S. weekly average area in the Nation. It must import its coal, sector of the economy · is sufficient to the wage; Vermont and Rhode Island, $16 under fuel on and natural gas to be turned into job that lies ahead. the national rate; while Massachusetts was electric energy or to be used ln space heating New England ls admirably constituted by $8 below. It might be added 'for purposes and transportation. nature to be susceptible to comprehensive of comparison, that only in North Carolina, Yet, our region has not developed its own regional planning keyed to national goals South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkan­ proper potential carried 1n its river systems, of_economic stability. sas, and Hawaii are there lower wages paid some 2.6 million kllowatts of undeveloped Its. total area ls only 66,608 square miles for a week's work in manufacturing indus­ hydropower •capacity. As a whole, New Eng­ only 2.2 percent · of the · total area' of the tries t:ti.an New· Hampshire workers receive. land lacks large, efficient power stations, ade- March 5, 1965 ·CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD - · HOlJSE 4255 quate interconnections, intra- and inter­ aspects of proliferation of Federal Govern­ of its utilities to continue using inefficient regional. The region is served by a multi­ ment research and development which dur­ and outmoded generating plants, in.adequate plicity of small and scattered power systems, ing the past decade has grown from $3 bil­ transmission facilities, and ancient methods and without a single Federal power project lion a year to nearly $15 billion. While most of doing business. or Federal wholesale power marketing pro­ of this money has gone to defense programs It was Henry David Thoreau who first gram, has failed to enjoy the beµe·ficial im­ and the space effort, the less glamorous, but set forth the creed of the preservationist, and pact of low-cost wholesale power on the gen­ equally, if not more important, research in began the stream of thought that has re­ eral rate structure of the region. physical, life sciences, and social sciences, sulted in weighing of effects of resources de­ Consumers pay through the nose for ·this have been growing too, but at a lesser rate. velopment on the total environment, of the situation. Homeowners in New England were Like other Federal programs, Federal Gov­ needs to preserve wilderness areas and forest paying as much as 34. percent above the ernment research and development has reserves, of the deepening and uplifting ef­ national · average for their electric power in largely bypassed New England, except in the fects of solitary unspoiled places on the 1962; commercial users paid as much as Harvard-MIT. complex, even· though this re­ human spirit and reverence for the land and •15 percent over the national average in 1962; gion has an academic potential which is un­ living creatures. ' and industrial consumers were paying as equaled in any other equivalent area. But ._ It was a Vermonter, George Perkins Marsh, much as 62 percent in excess of the national first our colleges and universitles must begin who developed the concept of wise manage­ average that same year. to create the kind of establishments which ~ent of the total array of natural resources In 1962, manufacturing industries in the wm attract, train and hold, good scientists and Government support for science. Marsh six New England States paid $180 m1llion for and engineers in order to obtain necessary gave tremendous impetus to enlargement of 12 b1llion kilowatt-hours of electric power, Federal funds for centers of scientific re­ the science of ecology, the balance of nature, or 1.496 cents a kilowatt-hour higher by search and researcn into industrial tech­ and interrelationships among living things 66 percent than the unit cost of electric nology. and adaption to their environment. power for manufacturing in the United States T:qis latter is particularly needed in New It was our sixth President, John Quincy as a whole. England. New industries have located plants Adams, who was the first public figure of na­ Had the price of this . power been at the and laboratories in the general Harvard-MIT tional stature to warn against what has U.S. level, New England industry would have area and in California. Other industry can come to be called resources giveaways. Adams be attracted elsewhere in New England by in the 1820's proposed a large Federal pro­ saved $71.4 m11lion, or 40 percent in their gram of internal improvements--canals and 1962 power bills. establishment and growth of such centers and individual grants for promising scien­ roads-and to promote science and educa­ Since there are no regional resources of tion. coal, natural gas, or oil, all fossil fuels used tists trained in thi.s region. This kind of ac­ tivity will have important bearing on finding Adami believed land was the source of na'... in New England must be imported. The tlonal wealth; the resources of the land delivered price of coal from the West Vir­ solutions to problems of the region, its resources, its people and its economic and should not be handed out to speculators and ginia field is about 32 cents per mill1on Brit­ despoilers of the public domain, but used ish thermal units, among the highest in the social institutions. Such expansion of scientific and techno­ to benefit the people at large. In Adams' Nation. Recently the principal coal mining view, Government should be more than a districts have announced increases of about logical work in New England would help to correct the great imbalance in expenditure timid referee; it should also act as ai positive 5 cents a ton f.o.b. the mine. Whether this agency to carry forward Jl.leaningful plans .bill will be passed on as price hikes to New of money and manpower between the Fed­ eral resources allocated to r,esearch and in the to advance the general interest. But the England utilities remains to be seen. military and space programs, and in the ap­ spirit of the times was against him. A voice About 8 percent of total fossil fuel power plication of science and technology to build like his was not raised again until the begin­ ·generation is provided by fuel oil, most of a better and more peaceful world for people. ning of the conservation era and the advent it imported and at prices approximating that It wm help to advance the frontiers of knowl­ of the two Roosevelts. of coal. edge, to establish the just subordination of Yet it is in New England that traditional­ High fuel costs are not the only factor the machine to mankind in meeting indi­ ism, inertia, and narrow aTgument~ by spe­ which hikes the cost of power in New Eng­ vidual and community needs, and to better cial interests rejected Adams' vision of the land. They accounted for only 15 cents out enable him to achieve some kind of peaceful role of government as steward an:d prime of each revenue dollar received by the New coexistence with his environment. mover to advance and secure the use of the England utilities in 1961. There has been Among the other challenges the New Eng­ earth for the. good of man. This region ac­ a failure to develop hydropower, to provide land region is facing today are those com­ cepts single-purpose development of its wa­ modern, efficient, large unit generating plants pounded of the decay of the inner core of ter resources and rejects multipurpose devel­ using coal or oil, and to integrate their small the large cities, the largely uncontrolled opment. It chooses to suffer one economic and scattered ut111ties. Another reason for growth of the suburbs, the rise of the great setback after another by raising the ancient high power rates is organization, high ad­ Atlantic S(laboard metropolis that begins in and tattered banner of States' rights without ministrative and production expenses, and the Boston area, and already has reached as accepting responsiti111ties inherent irf such tne inordinate number of utilities serving far south as Richmond, Va., and crosses 11 an assumption. a region of New England's area and popula­ States. These have created enormously ex­ The job ahead is too large for reliance. on tion density. panded housing, zoning, mass transportation, any one entity. It is too large to be left to Finally, one of the factors which has helped rec.reation, water supply, air and water pol­ private enterprise, or the towns, the counties to perpetuate t.his utility lethargy, is the ab­ lution, education, power and, energy de­ and townships, the cities, large and small. sence of an effective Federal low cost power mands, together with those involving a whole It is too varied, with too many local aspects yardstick. range of public services. and needs, to throw our entire reliance on Chief sufferers of the failure ·of New Eng­ New England has been and continues to the Federal Government. land. electric utilities to perform a modern be a paradox. In 1626 the Plymouth Colony You, the New England Governors, have ut111ty function at reasonable costs are the passed an ordinance forbidding timber cut­ realized this. You are talking in terms of a pocketbooks of consumers and the economic ting on Colony lands without permission. regional approach with Federal, State, and progress of the region itself. Yet the great orgy of unrestrained timber local cooperation and resources, as well as Power b1lls vary from one industry to an­ cutting began in New England, swept across that of private industry and our colleges and other as to their proportion to total operat­ New York State, Pennsylvania and finally .universities. Many of our New England ing costs, but experience has shown in other into the Far West during the past century. leaders in the Senate and the House of Rep­ regions that low cost power attracts indus­ Before the American Revolution, Jared resentatives in Washington are proposing or try. ,Conversely, high cost_ power together Eliot, of Connecticut, warned about bad have achieved Federal programs to meet di­ with other factors, can result in a choice farming practices and their effect on soil lemmas that cross State lines and require by potential new industries to locate else­ erosion. Yet it was the farmers of New Eng­ Federal leadership. We have seen this lead­ where, where nonpower factors such as land, who at the time Eliot was pointing to ership particularly in the field of water and labor, transportation, availability of raw these dangers, had exhausted much of Con­ air pollution, in mass transit and in needed materials, and markets may be equivalent, necticut's grazing land. By 1800 most of the development of the region's hydropower po­ but power· rates substantially lower. One coastal farmillg land in Massachusetts was tential on a comprehensive multipurpose need only cite the movement of the large seg­ abandoned for the same reason. basis. ments of the textile industry out of New In 1792, a corporation called the Proprie­ Once again new ideas are beginning to England to ·the south as a case in point. tors of Locks & Canals on the Merrimack ferment in New England. More and more In some textile plants, for example, power River was formed to make that stream navi­ of its leaders are concluding that to stand costs are the next largest item to labor costs gable from tidewater to the New Hampshire still is gradually to become a backwater. in their operations. State line. In 1821, these proprietors started I have already discussed principal mani­ For some 30 years, the Federal Govern­ development of the waterpower head at Paw­ festations of our region's slackening eco­ ment has taken an increasing role in estab­ tucket Falls at Lowell. It was the early de• nomic metabolism. lishing and financing programs dealing with velopment of New England's fast-flowing The crucial question now is whether or not the Nation's economy, although the first na­ rivers that gave the region it.s head start as New England can organize itself as a region tional efforts in this direction extend back the industrial center of America. and embark on a program of reorganization. to the Articles of Confederation. ,,,, Yet this same region today allows 2.6 mil• It is the hope and belief of the working men .New Engla;nd should be uniquely. fitted· to lion kilowatts of undeveloped waterpower and women of New England that this can and. participate much more fully in significant to , go unharn.essed, and has ·allowed many ,must be done. 4256 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 5, 1965 Why? Because the nature and scope of 80,000 jobs directly in the production lines, Congress must set forth specific goals for what must be accomplished will require the or in fabrication, and other associated activi­ the Corporation to achieve maximum use of resources of the Federal Government, or the ties. Between 1940 and 1950, the popula­ flood control, navigation, land, water supply, States and localities, and understanding and tion of the Pacific Northwest increased 44 reforestation, recreation, fish and wUdllfe, re­ participation of all New Englanders. One of percent as compared to the national in­ sources of the ocean, and air pollution to the indispensable assets of a free society is crease of 13 percent. Many industries, in bulld the economic and social well-being of its ability to recognize and correct its mis­ addition to aluminum, located in the region, the people of the region. takes, both of omission-and commission. attracted by low-cost wholesale power in Second, as a Government corporation, it It is at the dawning of this realization that large amounts. The continued growth of should be freed from the redtape buckpass- New England stands tgday. The time for de­ this region has sharply declined, a great part 1ng and fragmentation of bureaucracy. Au­ cision is now, but this decision must be the accountable to the failure to provide new thority must be coupled with responsibility right one. We doubt that our region will be supplies of firm power sufH.cient to meet the so the Corporation will be held accountable allowed the luxury of making the same mis­ region's ordinary growth requirements with for results: In other words, management will takes twice. additional generation for new industry. be left free to determine the way to accom­ The region must be organized around ttte The Federal power yardstick in this region plish the major goals set forth by the Con­ key resource, water, and associated land l'e­ has resulted in the lowest consumer prices of gress, but always under the ultimate review sources. ,Planning for this region, as it must electricity for all classes of customers served of both the Congress and the President. be for the Nation, must embody intelligent by privately, publicly, and cooperatively The Corporation as a starting point should flexibility, and cooperative and shared re­ owned utllities in the Nation, along with the immediately prepare and execute comprehen­ sponsib11ity. It must strengthen enterprise region served by the Tennessee Valley Au­ sive plans for multiple-purpose development and a sense of responsibility for the common thority, and the highest per capita consump­ of the region's river basins in terms of the welfare among all of our citizens. In addi­ tion of electricity. In 1964, consumers of growing need for clean water, flood abate­ tion to correcting economic ailments and local public and cooperative power systems ment, recreation and all other uses, includ­ restoring regional opportunity, the right kind in the Columbia Basin saved $70 million in ing hydroelectric power. of regional planning and organization can power rates because of promotional rate pol­ The major system of dams and reservoirs sustain regional identity, withstand the icies and rate reductions since 1951. should be designed and executed to establish forces of centralization, and preserve the best In the Tennessee Valley rate reductions in maximum feasible control of river flow. It · of a region's unique flavor and values. 1964 t.otaled $2 million in first year savings, should be supplemented by flood plain zon­ Regional development in New England and 91 of 155 distributors of TVA power had ing and reservoir public recreational plans in must begin by proper assignment of the roles reduced rates below the· level of the original cooperation with local governments, by local to be played by the United States, the States TVA rates. In 1962 all domestic customers protection works, conservation dams on upper and their localities, and by other elements paid $129 mllJion less under the TVA rate tributaries, and all necessary work to assist and entities within the region. structure than if their bills had been com­ the region to conserve the soll, forest and We propose, therefore, that we work for puted on the Nation's average domestic elec­ cover on the vital watersheds, and abate pol­ acceptance by the Congress and the President triC rates for that year. Between 1945 and lution of rivers in streams, lakes, and for the creation of a Federal New England 1962 about $2.3 bUlion was spent by the estuaries. Regional Resources Development Cor.pora­ people of the valley for electric appliances Among the proper fields of. action by the tion. This would give one agency prime re­ Corporation would be expanded work in sponsibil1ty for development of the major made largely in 9ther areas of the country. At the same time private electric utilities oceanography, including fisheries research resources of the region. Its management and conservation. would be at a central point in New England in or near regions with Federal comprehen­ sive water and power development invest­ The Corporation would have the authority and would be responsible directly to the to market power from its projects at the President and to the Congress. ments have also benefited in greater rev­ enues from sales of electricity caused by lowest possible wholesale rates consistent There are two ma·jor benefits that can be with the return with interest of the reim­ expected from the operations of such a cor­ lowering rates under the wholesale power yardstick of the Federal Government. bursable power investment, the river proj­ poration. First, it would be empowered to ects and the· major regional transmission invest large amounts of money in develop­ In the Tennessee Valley, the rate per 1,000 system. ing New England's water and associated customers purchasing electric air condition­ ers and freezers is almost twice the national The Federal Power Commission's recently resources for flood control, navigation, recre­ . published national power survey estimates ation, fish and wildlife, hydroelectric power, average, and 30 percent of the homes in the valley are now electrically heated. that the northeast region, which includes the soil conservation, pollution abatement, water six New England States, can reduce power supply, and all other beneficial uses. This The Tennessee Valley Authority has worked costs by 1980 to about 30 percent below 1962 kind of comprehensive approach is not new. closely with the Forest Service, States, coun­ by means of increased interconnections and It took form in the early days of Gifford ties and private timber operators in a vast coordination, load diversity, construction of Pinchot and Teddy Roosevelt as they led program of reforestation, improved manage­ larger fossil and nuclear fuel units, and America into the conservation era nearly six ment, and protection against fires ', insects, extra high voltage and lntersystem communi­ decades ago. and disease. Beginning in 1933 with a forest cations investments. Federal capital investments in comprehen­ resource almost ruined by exploitive cutting, sive water resources development have by­ these cooperative programs have resulted in This means that New England must be passed New England because New England some 14 million acres of forest now cover­ assured ample supplies of wholesale power has rejected them. But they have trans­ ing the land. to meet a tripling of its peak load by 1980, formed the economics of the Tennessee Val­ as estimated by the FPC's national power . Accompanying TVA's water control and survey. This power must be available at ley, the Columbia and Missouri Basins, the navigation system has been the advent of Colorado River Basin, the Central Valley of wholesale, to all systems, regardless of size $800 million worth of investment in brand­ or ownership, and it must be low cost. California. new industry along the river. TVA has Large water resources development pro­ worked with State agencies, colleges and uni­ But -there is no assurance, based on past grams financed by the Federal Government versities, and the people to demonstrate tech­ experience in New England or elsewhere, that returns the reimbursable features of such nlques of adapting industrial development gives labor any confidence these savings will investnients with interest to the Federal to the natural and human resources of a be voluntarily passed on to electric consum­ Treasury. They also provide economic region. ers in the form of lower rates by the utllities. stimulus that is not only local and regional, The seed corn of Federal capital invest­ That is why.the Federal yardstick provided but benefits the Nation. ment in natural resources based program will by the wholesale power supply system of the The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, for ex­ grow and grow. It multiplies investment in New England Regional Development Corpo­ ample, reports that in 1962 the production of the private sector .of the economy, bringing ration will be an important stimulus for the crops on lands receiving full, supplementary about an increase in productivity, employ­ priva.tely owned electrical systems of New or temporary water supply for irrigation from England to consider belatedly the consumer ment, mass purchasing power and increased interest. President Franklin D. Roosevelt the Bureau, was valued at $1.2 b11lion, and local, State, and Federal tax revenues. cumulative value of all ·crops produced on described the yardstick as a "birch rod in Federal reclamation projects since 1906 If New England ls to benefit from such de­ the closet • • • to prevent extortion against amounted to $18.9 b1llion. velopment, it must keep in mind that a mere the public." From irrigation alone, this latter amount outpouring of Federal funds will not of itself I have already called to your attention represents a return on the entire Federal in­ accomplish the goals of a revitalized region. that a relatively small amount of low cost vestment on all Federal reclamation projects, Indispensable to success is broad and far-see­ wholesale power received by the State of includfo.g construction in progress, of nearly ing planning, and fruitful, cooperative part­ Vermont from the State-owned St. Lawrence $5 for every $1 of such investment. nership, based on a sharing of responsiblli­ project has reduced rates there some 14 per­ In the Columbia River Basin, more than tles with the governmental, academic and cent in 3 years. $1 billion in Federal funds invested in the business elements of New England and with The promise of modern power technology dams, regional transmission network, and the people themselves. and energy revolution can usher in a new other facilities of the Columbia River Power The Federal New England Regional De­ age of abundance to this region, our Nation System, resulted in the rise of a new alumi­ velopment Corporation must be based upon and to the world. num industry which accounts for 26 percent past efforts elsewhere and organ:zed to bene­ But this enormous potential for a more of the Nation's production. This has created fit from the best of historical experience. abundant life cannot be adequately realized March 5, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4257 unless it is assured that the people and not There is a broad range of Federal assistance meeting problems in local unemployment merely large corporations wm be the recip­ available for State and local governments in and underemployment, the areas aided have ients, and there is exercised necessary social the Economic Opportunities, Land and Water been limited in size and the programs poorly controls over energy policies and programs. Conservation Fund, Small Watersheds Act, coordinated. The accelerated public works Here is also a fruitful field into which both title VII of the 1961 Housing Act, section 701 program was too limited in amount appropri­ Federal and State regulation should enter grants administered by the Urban Renewal ated and also poorly coordinated. the scene forcefully. Major transmission Administration, sale of surplus Federal lands, We hope the New England Governors w1ll lines should be ruled common carriers, just Corps of Army Engineers assistance for beach support proposed Federal legislation when as airlines, buses, trains, and trucks are and shoreline parks and conservation areas, it is introduced-to invest large-scale techni­ determined as such by law. and flood-plain zoning studies. cal assistance, grants-in-aid for public works The Federal Power Commission should be Federal grants-in-aid are also avalla.ble improvements, loans to industry and intel­ empowered by the Congress to require that from the U.S. Public Health Service for con­ ligent manpower retraining, in a well-co­ regulated utilities in an regions be required struction of single or multimunicipality sew­ ordinated effort to reach regions, subregions to pool and interconnect in such fashion as age disposal plants. Legislation was heard and local labor markets. Such a program to attain optimum use of the power resources last week in the Senate to raise the maximum Will have to measure up to the criterion ot involved. The same requirements should be ce111ng on such grants. providing economic improvement. It must exacted by means of necessary legislation by Federal funds are available as grants-in-aid be used flexibly not only to help combat re­ the BiX New England States for intrastate to the States to establish regulatory programs cession before it can start, but, conversely~ coordination of power systems. over air pollution. Other Federal programs to provide a permanent foundation of eco­ Consideration should be given the advisa­ provide financial help or technical aEisistance nomic growth and stab111ty. bility of divorcing major generation and in forest management, fisheries, housing, 8. In the opinion of organized labor in transmission from distribution functions of small business, and scientific and technical New England, our region must immediately New England's privately owned utilities and research and development. set about better to identify our needs, our those across the Nation as well. The desir­ Thus, it can be readily seen that States, lo­ problems, and our resources to meet and able goal of reducing differences in power calities, private business, . education groups, solve them. We propose that you, the Gov­ costs between regions until there can be a and citizens can and must increase their ernors of New England, establish a regional national wholesale power rate applicable from efforts to supplement Federal assistance, factfinding organization, with a sk1lled coast to coast would be facilitated by this which is already available in many forms to technical staff, financed by the six States, to step. It would make it much more pos­ benefit the economy of the New England re­ perform studies which would cover but not sible that all utilities will be assured of gion. It is interesting to note that Governor necessarily be restricted to the fields I have ample power supply without discrimination. Rockefeller from the neighboring State of dealt with. Such special studies would It would break up .the vertically integrated New York has already asked his legislature scrutinize population, labor markets, man­ power monopoly which now owns and oper­ for $1 billion to combat water pollution there. power mobility of labor, power and energy ates 75 percent of the aggregate U.S. power He is counting on further liberalization of the costs, water supply and quality, ut111ty reg­ industry and is really responsible to no one Federal Water Pollution Control Act to carry ulation, recreation, soil conservation, for­ in its basic policy decision. a large part of the financial load of his pro­ estry, fisheries and oceanography, transporta­ In addition to hydropower developed as posed program. tion, land use, metropolitan problems, taxes, · part of comprehensive river basin water con­ First steps toward realization of the New public finance, and the like. We are grati­ trol programs, there should be early con­ England region's economic potential-to fied that the New England Governors have sideration of a large nuclear plant to serve make the resources of New England work made a start by the establishment of a spe­ growing loads of Maine and New Hampshire for people-should be to lay the groundwork cial committee on power. and Massachusetts for industrial and other for adoption of the New England Regional This organization could be financed by users. Development Corp. Such a proposal, which various State governments in the region, and As a first step ·toward realization of a I have merely outlined, requires a great deal to find out more about our common regional Federal regional development corporation for further debate and analysis before it can be problems. This would insure that better New England, Federal power generated at set forth in the form of proposed legislation. planning and better systems of priorities multiple-purpose plants on New England In the meanwhile, New England must be­ and allocations of money and management river systems would be marketed at low gin to gird itself for a mighty regional effort. be developed to work. toward their solution. regionwide wholesale rates by an interim 9. Various States in the region should be Northeast Power Administration. It would As a beginning, we make these proposals: 1. The Dickey project on the St. Johns intensifying their work in modernizing laws explore alternative sources for future power, dealing with rights to the use of both surface such as that from Canadian development, should be immediately authorized as a Fed­ and underground water. One goal would be mine-mouth power from Appalachia, and eral project to generate nearly 500,000 firm that of requiring private commercial timber other possib111ties. The Corporation would kilowatts of power for the region. Power operators to use sustained-yield forest man­ draw up plans to provide technical assist­ is to be carried to Bangor, Maine, and thence agement methods and allow access roads in ance and guidance, with partial financing by on a high-voltage Federal transmission line larger holdings. This would enable the pub­ means of loans or grai1ts-in-aid in coopera­ to Boston. lic to reach and use certain kinds of recrea­ tion with local citizens' groups and colleges 2. The next step, when international ne­ tional areas. Small, scattered woodlot own­ and universities, to develop and conserve the gotiations and further studies have been ers should be assisted by the States in devel­ water and associated land resources of tribu­ completed, should be Federal authorization oping steady income from sustained-yield tary watersheds. The Corporation would also and construction of the great Passama­ management. The Federal Government work with States and localities on problems quoddy tidal resource, which would provide should assist these small timbermen to form of water supply, including pollution abate­ a million kilowatts of peaking capacity im­ supply and marketing cooperatives, obtain ment, ground water resources, and gathering mensely valuable to New England's load small business loans, technical and market­ basic data. pattern. ing assistance, and research programs to de­ Another function of the Corporation 3. The Corps of Army Engineers' river velop strains of trees adapted to regional would be to assist in the necessary interna­ basin studies on the Kennebec, Merrimack, growtng seasons and climatological condi­ tional negotiations between the United Connecticut, Penobscot, and other rivers, tions. Wherever possible, forest industries States and Canada with respect to boundary should be updated and reviewed in order to should be located near the resource to pro­ waters, importations and exchange of power, consider the feasib111ty of hydropower as vide steady markets and stimulate local problems of the fisheries and ocean re­ part of full, multiple-purpose comprehen­ economies. .sources, and international trade and com­ sive development and control of the water In August 1963, organized labor solidly en­ merce as they might affect New England. resources involved. This would remove the dorsed the Federal Government's proposed There is a big job here for the Federal Gov­ dead hand of the New York-New England St. Johns-Passamaquoddy power develop­ ernment--to develop the potentialities of Interagency Committee's 1953 report setting ment. We stated in a press release that "New public streams, to join the States and other up a single-purpose flood control program for England cannot stand still economically. It institutions to make available to the people the river basins of the New England region. must either move forward or retreat • • •. of the region physical tools . and technical 4. There should be a coordinated Federal, Our citizens for many decades have contrib­ knowledge needed to stimulate and sustain State, and local effort on all interstate river uted their share of the costs of great Fed­ economic progress. systems to abate water pollution. eral water development projects in other re­ There is an equally big Job for the States 5. Local water and air pollution regUla­ gions. In so doing, we have failed to realize and localities. Their uncommitted re­ tion and enforcement should be immediately our own resources potential." sources will be stretched to the utmost to expanded and implemented. SenatQr MUSKIE expressed the situation by provide State and local parks and recreational 6. State and local governments should saying that it ls New England's turn at bat. areas, highways, and other mass transporta­ swiftly move to acquire lands necessary for The late President Kennedy made the tion facilities, community facilities, land­ outdoor recreation facilities, such acquisition wider issue quite plain when he wrote: "We use planning, and action programs. Some of carefully planned in light of proper land use are not 50 countries. We are 1 country of these activities wm be carried out by the and special needs of city dwellers. 50 States and 1 people. Those programs State alone, some with cooperation of · the 7. Although the Federal area redevelop­ which make life better for some of our people counties and localities, some with the assist­ ment program, which will expire at the end will make life better for all of our people. ance of private business and citizens' groups. of this fiscal year, was of some assistance in A rising tide lifts all boats." 4258 CONGRESSIONAL'.RECORD -· HOUSE March 5, 1965 TAX CREDIT FOR HIGHER nate discrimination arising out of pres­ higher learning and one-third of its col­ EDUCATION ent law. For exa:µiple, individuals may lege students. One-third of our proln.is­ Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I ask deduct contributions to educational . in­ ing high school graduates are financially unanimous consent that the gentleman stitutions for educating other ,people's unable to continue the development of from Minnesota [Mr. NELSEN] may ex­ children but ·not their own. Further, in­ their talents. Education is necessary to tend his remarks at this point in the dustry may devote slims to the education the future progress of our Nation. Thus, RECORD and include extraneous matter. of students, and even to the training of lessening the tax burden on those who The SPEAKER. Is there objection executives and t.ake a deduction for sums finance the higher·education of students to the request of the gentleman from so spent. My proposal will allow par­ will benefit the country as a whole. Tax Illinois? ents to do somet:O.ing for their own chil- relief properly ,channeled to financially · There was no objection. dren. · hard-pressed parents and students will Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, today I This credit should not be regarded as increase their willingness and ability to have introduced a bill to amend the In­ a gift from the Treasury. It is the tax­ provide or obtain a college education. ternal Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a payer who gives to the Government. A program like this is far better than tak­ credit against income to individuals for KING-ANDERSON HEALTH . INSUR'­ certain expense§ incurred in providing ing all the money into the Federal higher education. Treasury, setting up a bureaucracy ,to ANCE Pl;WGRAM The concept of tax relief to ease the give back anything left over after ex­ Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask burden of the high costs of college edu­ penses, and designating certain schools unanimous conserit that the gentleman cation has been advanced many· times in and areas of study for the use of the from California [Mr. KING] may extend the past. In the last decade over 400 taxpayers' own money. Let them keep his remarks at this Point in the RECORD bills of this nature have been introduced their money and select their own colleges and include extraneous matter. in Congress. and curriculums. The SPEAKER. Is there objection . This year we must squarely face the The so-called revenue loss to the to the request of the gentleman from issue of· providing tax relief to ease the Treasury should really be regarded sim­ Louisiana? _ heavy burden of college costs. ply as a. revenue deferment. To the There was no objectibn. The principal features of my proposal extent the earning capacity of the Mr. KING of California. Mr. Speak­ are as follows: beneficiaries is increased, their taxable er, the February 15, 1965, issue of the First. The bill provides an income tax income rises, and with· it the revenue AMA News, we~kly newspaper of the credit on $1,500 of tuition, fees, books, yield to the Treasury. This is supported American Medical Association devotes and supplies for a student at an institu­ by the Bureau of the Census estimate its entire front page to storie~ against ~ion of higher learning. The credit is that a man's lifetime earnings are in­ the King-Anderson prepaid health in­ subtracted from the amount of taxes creased $100,000 as a result of · his col­ surance program for the aged, embodied which are due; thus, each dollar of tax lege education. as a part of H.R. 1 and S. 1. credit is a dollar actually saved by the Our Government already recognizes One of the stories is headlined: "AMA taxpayer. numerous personal expenses as properly Asks Careful Deliberation of Bills." Second. The credit is computed as deductible. Parents and educators ask I thoroughly agree with the AMA News follows: 75 percent of the first $20(} of that the cost of .providing an education on this point. Each bill that comes be­ expenses, 25 perce;nt of the next $300, be given similar recognition. Our tax fore the Congress must receive careful and 10 percent of the next $1,000. For laws also recognize the importance of in­ consideration. I can assure the AMA example, expenses of $300 would result vestment. Both in 1962 and again last that each bill coming before the Com­ in a credit of $175, while expenses of year tax laws were enacted making sub­ mittee on Ways and Means does receive $1,500 would result in a credit of $325. stantial provision for tax relief when in­ most careful scrutiny. In the Great Lakes and Plains area, the vestment was made in new plants and The news story in question quotes Dr. average cost of tuition and books is $275 equipment. Investment in our future as Donovan F. Ward, of Dubuque, Iowa, at public institutions and $763 at private a nation-in the education of college currently president of the AMA, as say­ institutions. This bill would provide tax students--is just as entitled to a tax credit as those investments. in~: credits of $168.78 and $251.30, respec­ Certainly it is never too late to pass good tively. This proposal is for the average family legislation and defeat bad legislation. Third. The credit is available to any­ in America. Their income is made up one who pays for the tuition expenses-­ almost entirely of salary. They work Dr. Ward is correct. parents, students, or any other person. hard to earn that salary, and it is all Five years ago, the Congress enacted Fourth. There is a limitation on the taxable. Under the present arrange­ the Kerr-Mills law, which provides a credit so that it gives less dollar benefit ment, a $600 exemption is allowed if the limited amount of hospital and medical to upper middle income groups and no dependent is a full-time student after care to needy aged persons. Each State benefit to high income groups. The he reaches 19 years of age. This is just and the District of Columbia, Puerto credit is reduced by 1 percent of the not realistic for today's educational Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands amount by which the taxpayer's adjusted expenses. were to provide matching funds and a gross income exceeds $25,000. In other Families with incomes of $6,000 to State plan of administration in order words, for every $5,000 of adjusted gross $15,000 are generally not eligible for to get the program into operation. income above $25,000 the credit is re­ scholarship aid-71 percent of those re­ Today, 44 of those 54 jurisdictions duced by $50. As a result, the taxpayer ceiving National Defense Education Act pave some kind of Kerr-Mills program earning $40,000 gets less benefit than loans have incomes below $6,000. There in effect. I say "some kind" because the the taxpayer at the $10,000 or $20,000 already exists sums totaling many mil­ level of services to be provided to the level, and the taxpayer at the $57 ,500 lions of dollars which are available for needy aged is entirely dependent upon level gets no benefit at all. Sixty-two scholarships to needy deserving students. the State-or territorial-governments. percent of the dollar benefit goes to If parents are permitted to deduct all or But what of the other 10 jurisdictions- families with incomes between $3,000 a portion of the costs of sending their 10 States? The Kerr-Mills program and $10,000, who happen to comprise 62 child;ren to college, they will reappraise was supposed to have been a national percent of our population. Ninety-one their financial ability to pay the full edu­ program. Some States have been unable percent of the benefit goes to families cation costs with the result that they will or unwilling to participate in Kerr-Mills. below $20,000 of income. be able to forgo a claim on funds that But what of eldercare? This is the ·The plan is simple and easy to under­ will then become available to children popular term applied by the AMA to its stand. There will be no costly Federal coming from homes of lesser financial plan for providing a means to finance administrative bureaucracy and super­ ability. health care for the aged. vision, no Federal interference or control What is involved here is no small or Eldercare is simply an amendment ex­ of education, no church and state prob­ limited problem. Our country -· has one­ panding the Kerr-Mills law, which has lems. To give such relief will also elimi- fourth of the world's institutions · of not demonstrated its ability to meet ·the March. ·s, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 425.9 problems of the aged. Eldercare is a will be offset by about .two-thirds with pages of hearings repeatedly tell of the plan to use Federal funds to buy com­ reductions in the Kerr-Mills program . . need for, and explain the workings of, mercial health insurance policies for But the eldercare bill would call for a the King-And~rson program. aged people; the bill, H.R. 3727, contains yearly Treasury drain, adding to deficits Dr. Donald E. Wood, of Indianapolis, no limitations of rates nor does it specify or reducing the likelihood of a further Ind., on Februa.ry 7,, ~965, ,admitted: any minimum level of health services Federal tax deduction. The AMA has • Now ·the cost _of the doctors' eldercare pro­ that must be provided by the States. not justified its position of being in fa- gram has not been calculated, but it is rea­ Once the funds leave the U.S. Treas­ vor of this instance of added deficit fl- sonable to assume that it would be substan­ ury, the money could be used to pay nancing, in light of its long known oppo- tially less than the medicare plan. exorbitant administrative and acquisi­ sition to Federal deficits. Is the Committee on Ways and Means tion costs of private companies. The I wish to return to Dr. Ward's state- to recommend such a program, whose companies would benefit far more than ment calling for "careful consideration" c-0sts are not known, and whose benefits· needy aged people. of legislation. The distinguished chair- are not specified, to this House for pas­ H.R. 3727, or eldercare, lacks detail man of the Committee on Ways and sage? I think not. in financing method, administration, and Means in January announced his sup- The King-Anderson bill will do.more supervision of spending. ' · port for a new look at the Kerr-Mills law than pay for limited hospital insurance . The AMA is currently spending mil­ because the States had not been provid- for the aged. It also will increase social lions of dollars in advertising to build ing adequate medical and hospital serv- security retirement and survivors' bene­ up a barrage of constituent mail to ices to the aged. Three days later, after fits by 7 percent, it will increase the Fed­ Members of Congress, asking for pas­ a crash program in the AMA's legislative eral share of welfare and public assist­ sage of eldercare and rejection of King­ shop, the eldercare bill was unveiled. I ance programs, and it will encourage pri­ An~erson. am not quite certain how much careful vate insurance companies to provide The AMA's advertisements contain consideration went into that bill. supplemental health insurance coverage clever and imprecise wording. You will I wish to make a final point in contrast to the aged, with the Federal Govern­ note the use of the word "offer" in ad­ to the speed with which H.R. 3727 was ment having clearly defined authority to vertisements expounding the benefits of drafted. The King-Anderson bill's' pro- police the administration of Federal eldercare. But the offer is tenuous, visions have been before this Congress fund payments for such premiums. since it depends upon the State govern­ several times since 1957. It has been Under unanimous consent, I insert in ments actually to put the program into thoroughly studied from the standpoints the _RECORD a table comparing the King­ force and to say which services will be of national policy, actuarial funding, and Anderson and the eldercare--Herlong­ provided. needs of our citizens. Thousands of Curtis-bills: By contrast, the King-Anderson bill does not off er or promise anything. It simply guarantees that payment for the COMPARISON OJ' KING-ANDERSON (MEDICARE) AND HERLONG-CURTIS (ELDERCARE) BILLS specified services will be made. The KING-ANDERSON (MEDICARE) HERLONG-CURTIS (ELDERCARE) method, financing, and supervision are Provides federally administered hospital Offers expansion of Kerr-M1lls program by clearly spelled out in the legislation. insurance plan for persons over 65, financed premium payments of commercial health in­ Once enacted by the Congress, the law through social security contributions; gives . surance coverage; gives tax incentives to aged 7 percent increase in social security benefits persons who buy commercially available will go into effect· on the date specified, to 2" m1llion; revises matching fprmula for health coverage. without being at the discretion of any needy aged, blind and disabled, and for de­ other agency. pendent children to increase total available The AMA seemingly contradicts itself benefits. in another aspect of the two bills. It Cost raises the specter of socialized medicine Hospital care: $800 million in calendar Completely undetermined, by AMA's own when King-Anderson is mentioned. Yet 1966, $1.78 billion in 1967 for social security admission. However, AMA fiatly, reassuring­ the King-Anderson bills-H.R. 1 and ·s. eligibles, paid from hospital trust fund, self­ ly and without calculation decrees its plan I-only provide for hospital care, nurs­ financed and to need no Treasury funds. costs "would be substantially less than medi­ (About $300,000,000 yearly for those not care." ing home, diagnostic services, and home eligible in social security plan.) Actuarial NoTE.-AMA b111 only covers spotty and health care for aged persons; it does not soundness also assured for old age, disab111ty, limited medical insurance payments, in the pay for doctors'. services, nor for drugs and other benefit increases. States that can afford to provide matching outside the hospital. This hardly con­ funds. AMA b1111s not a comprehensive ex- stitutes socialized medicine. It does not pansion of the entire social security pro­ tell a patient what kind of services he gram, which King-Anderson b111 encom­ must agree to accept. passes. The AMA's bill seems to be a step Financing toward the same kind of governmentally Paycheck withholding and increased pay- Not clearly spelled out, except for need financed medical program that is in ments by self-employed; top limit forty~ for direct appropriations from Federal and force in Great Britain-but without pro­ five one-hundredths of 1 percent of first State treasuries, if States are able and wm­ $5,600; 35 to 48 cents. a week per employed ing to provide the added funds. Present tection against abusive practices. Does person. Kerr-M1lls formula would be increased 5 the AMA truly want this? percent as to private insurance part. U.S. The AMA News also quotes the De­ funds would be from administrative budget, partment of Health, Education, and Wel­ adding to deficits or reducing possib111ty of fare as saying the social security trust further tax cuts. fund will be insolvent by 1975 if King­ Administration Anderson becomes law. Unfortunately Through the social security program with Through the States, if legislatures pro- the AMA's diagnosis is a bit scanty of costs under close control. vide money for program. No workable con- facts. The King-Anderson bill will es­ . trol over acquisition and administrative tablish a separate trust fund to pay hos­ costs of private insurers by Federal Govern­ ment; bill contains no guidelines for State pital care costs; the fund will be kept plans. actuarily sound and in balance, in the same manner by which the social se­ Benefits curity trust fund has been kept solid for Payment for up to 60 days of inpatient No meaningful minimum level of services services in hospital (including drugs), with to be provided. Blll specifically leaves to the 30 years it has existed. 1st day paid by patient; 60 days in con- States• (and companies') discretion. The only Treasury appropriation for valescent centers after discharge :from hos- the King-Anderson program will be pital; 240 home visits a year by visiting about $300 million yearly, required for nurses or similar personnel; hospital out- those not eligible for the social security patient diagnostic services, minus small financed program. But the $300 million deductible. 4260 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 5, 1965 CoMPABISON OJ' KING-ANDERSON (MEDICARE) AND HERLONG-CURTIS (ELDERCARE) BILLS-Con. many enthusiastic press reports on the Guaranteed benefits program: KING-ANDERSON (MEDICARE) HERLONG-CURTIS (ELDERCARE) [From the Newark (N.J.) Star-Ledger, Payment for the services Usted In para­ None whatever guaranteed. AMA adver­ Feb. 15, 1965] graph above. Once the law goes into effect tisements carry the word "offer" in describ­ JOHNSON PRAISES NEWARK'S Yo~ PaoJECr (target date July 1, 1966), hospitalization ing the range of services. States have full (By Aaron Benesch) benefits will be automatically available. discretion in providing . payment for serv­ ices. Many States' financial problems make WASHINGTON.-President Johnson said yes­ provision of reasonable . benefits impossible. terday that a pioneering neighborhood Youth Corps project in Newark-the first of lt.s Private insurance kind-has given hope for a complete victory Can supplement basic benefits of King- State would enter into contracts or other in the war against poverty. Anderson by giving aged opportunity to se- arrangements. with private insurers as it The President commented on a special re­ cure private health insurance protection at would deem appropriate. No Federal reg­ port submitted by Secretary of Labor W. a reasonable cost: companies allowed to ulation over premiums. It would be difficult Willard Wirtz describing the first results form nonprofit syndicates for underwrit- for private insurers to supplement 54 dif• of this phase of the antipoverty program. ing; for first time, many aged would be able ferent benefit packages. The Newark program whiCh began Jan­ to secure private hospital and medical cov- uary 4, now has 348 boys and girls working erage. in the city's schools, hospital, library, mu­ Eligibfltty . seum, and other public facilities. All the youngsters were unemployed school dropouts All persons 65 and over (includes those Persons 65 and older, who are not re­ when they began. under social security and railroad retire­ cipients of old-age assistance and who do not have suftlcient income (as determined by More than 180 of these youngsters have ment and all other currently aged not in enrolled in night school, the report said. those 2 programs) . States) to pay 'tor needed health services. While this bill says coverage should be open "The project directors have reported a to all, those above State-set Income level unanimous explosion of new confidence and would be required to pay all or part of new determination on the part of the stu­ premiums, which could be unduly high. dents," Johnson said. There is no assurance the State-set in­ The President pointed out that the pro­ come ce111ng would not be in the poverty gram in Newark, like other NYC projects now range. · opening across the country, not only condi­ tions an untried sk1ll but restores a hope. Number of eligible aged Not only the opportunities for work, but the Nineteen milllon persons. With popula- Undetermined. Kerr-M1lls was passed in basis for self-respect is being provided, he tlon growth, number will increase. Fund to 1960; in the intervening 5 years, only 40 said. be kept solvent through sound application of States and 4 other Jurisdictions have put The war against poverty ls, in the last actuarial science. such medical-hospital programs into effect, analysis, the struggle for human. decency and some to very limited extent because of States independence. This report is an early indl­ financial problems. In fiscal 1963, Kerr- cation that success can be had "in the best . Mills program aided 338,200 persons; in fiscal of all efforts," according to the President. 1964, 475,000. Applicants are classed as re­ Wirtz added that although there are cur­ cipients of public assistance (welfare). rently 348 boys and girls enrolled, eventually Standards may 'be too stringent or may tend · in the city's schools and hospital there w1ll to hummate applicants. ./ be 700 enrolled, including many who w111 work in the library, museum, and other city gram and will light a light that other agencies. PRAISE TO THE CITY OF NEWARK, The Secretary said the 348 are all drop­ N.J. communities in the Nation can follow. outs from school and unemployed. They are Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask In the Newark project some 700 young, now working 30 hours a week. unanimous consent that the gentleman unemployed school dropouts have been "The single most important result of the from New Jersey [Mr. RODINO] may ex­ approved for jobs at which they will program thus far is the proof that it has work up· to 30 hours a week. Already, provided young persons disheartened by fall­ tend his remarks at this point in the ure in school and discouraged .by failure in RECORD and include extraneous matter. more than· 300 of these are at work in our city's school system, in hospitals, at the labor 'force to respond with hope, confi­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection dence, and effort when given that important to the request of the gentleman from the museum, and in other public institu­ third chance," Wirtz said. Louisiana? tions. They are also working at neigh­ Wirtz ·said the Newark experience in its borhood rehabilitation and conserva­ first month has "exploded the makework There was no objection. tion work, and many are assisting in city Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, the city concept. of Newark offices. "If anyone in the country thought of thls of Newark, N.J., is extremely proud of. The important thing is that most of program as a device to remove unemployed the fact that it has proved to be in the them are for the first time in their lives boys and girls from the statistics by filling vanguard of actual implementation of gaining the experience of meaningful up their time, the job performance of the the Nation's present war on poverty; work and the feeling of reward that youngsters has dispelled that canard," he the varied and far-reaching program comes from a weekly paycheck. Inter­ added. enacted by the Congress last year views with some of the initial enrollees Wirtz pointed out Mayor Addonizio, of through the Economic Opportunity Act. Newark, had acted as promptly as NYC funds already indicate that they are beginning became avallable. . The total cost of the con­ One of the most exciting and imagina­ to give serious thought to planning fu­ tract ls $520,000, of which $465,000 is a Fed­ tive facets of that program is embodied ture work careers, including, in some in­ eral contribution. Of the first 240 enrollees, in the Neighborhood Youth Corps', ad­ stances, the possibility of returning to only 10 have quit the program and 2 of ministered by the U.S. Department of school. those have returned to school. Labor. Through it, hundreds of thou­ President Johnson has already singled He added that 112 enrollees, are working in city hospital and Ivy Haven Home. sands of young boys and girls, ages 16 out the early success of the Newark NYC through 21, are being given a chance to project in a public statement, and it has Wirtz said from extensive consultation and work in public service occupations, to interviews with the youngsters the following been lauded editorially in the Washing.;. conclusions seem warranted: perform work that badly needs tCJ be ton Post and been described in most fa­ done in our American communities, and The NYC can provide the kind of special vorable terms by the press throughout attention that schools often cannot provide. to earn some money and learn some­ the country. I am most happy to join Work with the NYC stimulates a desire thing about the modern world of work. with the other members of the Newark to return to school by placing the youngsters Close to 100 of these Neighborhood congressional delegation in congratulat­ in a steady work situation in which the value Youth Corps projects have thus been ing Mayor Hugh J. Addonizio and his of education ls always explicit. approved by the Labor Department. associates in the Newark city govern­ Over 180 of the Newark enrollees have But the very first one to actually get already registered In night school and more ment on their promptness and effective­ are registering every day. From dozens of underway was in Newark, and the early ness in beginning our city's own war on interviews we have determined an overwhelm­ indications are that its success will un­ poverty. And I would like to commend ing majority would like more schooling, derline the soundness of the NYC pro- to my cplleagues' attention a few of the Wirtz said. March 5, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4261 [From the Newark (N.J.) Evening News, Feb. The Labor Secretary said the following [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Feb. 19, 15, 1965) conclusions seemed warranted after con­ 1965) L.B.J. HAILS NEWARK PROJECT: YOUTH PRO­ sultations and interviews with the Newark DROPOUTS ON THE REBOUND enrollees and with the project staff headed GRAM CALLED EXAMPLE FOR UNITED STATES Secretary Wirtz has reason to be pleased (By George Kentera) by Dr. Thomas Flagg. Projects of the NYC can provide "the with the response to the Labor Department's WASHINGTON.-The 348 Newark boys and kind of special, interested attention that experimental Neighborhood Youth Corps. In girls in the first Neighborhood Youth Corps a single month the pilot program in Newark schools often cannot provide." rescued 348 dropouts from school, gave them in the Nation have earned a commendation Work with the NYC stimulates in the boys from the President himself and a glowing useful work and a new outlook on life. AU and girls a desire to return to school. It of these young people had been discouraged report on their work from Labor Secretary does this by putting them to work in a way Wirtz. by their experiences in school and again by in which the value of education is clear. their inab111ty to find jobs. The Youth Corps This special attention came from the White Enrollees in the NYC do their Jobs with House because, in President Johnson's words, put them to work as nurses' aids, library as­ interest and effectiveness. sistants, linemen's helpers, assistant mechan­ "This report is an early indication that we Wirtz noted that Jobs done by NYC en­ can succeed in this best of all etiorts"-the ics, and so .forth. More than half of the rollees was work that ordinarily would not group has enrolled in night school and many war against poverty. be done, but ought to be done in the public The Newark project, financed largely by a others have laid plans for a resumpti.on of interest. their education. $465,000 Federal grant, began on January 4. CAN ARD DISPELLED "In its initial month," said the President The genius of the Youth Corps program is in a statement for publication today, "the "The Newark experience, in its first month, that it catches youngsters at a time of acute project has encouraged and heartened all of has exploded the 'make-work' concept," he disillusionment and opens new doors of op­ those associated with it." said. "If anyone in the country thought of portunity to them. Instead of trying to force this program as a device to remove unem­ frustrated or rebellious youngsters back to NEW DETERMINATION ployed boys and girls from the statistics by school, it gives them a chance to ftnd out "The 348 boys and girls now enrolled were fill1ng up their time, the Job performance of for themselves, through work experience, how out of school and out of work. They are now the enrollees has dispelled that canard." important an education is in this age of tech­ working, performing valuable social services The enrollees work 30 hours a week. Where nology and specialization. Interviewers in the city government. Over 180 have en­ possible, they are placed in jobs for which among the participants in the Newark proj­ rolled at night school. The project directors they have a preference. ect found an overwhelming desire to return have reported a unanimous expression of Wirtz stressed that the job counselors in to school as soon as the youths begin to new confidence and of new determination on th.e project were, according to the young en­ regain confidence in thexnselves and some un­ the part of the enrollees. rollees, a source of inspiration. The Secre­ derstanding of the kind of economic world "The program in Newark, like the other tary quoted the words of a counselor to ex­ they live in. NYC projects now opening across the coun­ plain this feeling of the enrollees. The experience to date fully justifies ex­ try, not only conditions an untried skill for "Each and every youngster is important tension of this national etiort to save drop­ employment but restores a forlorn hope. to us," said the counselor. "Some of them outs, in the language of Secretary Wirtz, Not only the opportunity for work but the seemingly feel that they are not important from "spending their lives in the back streets basis for self-respect is being provided. The to anybody, that nobody does care about and alleys of our economic life." The ap­ war against poverty is, in the last analysis, them. Well, we care. Secondly, we give proval of 20 new Neighborhood Youth Corps the struggle for human decency and . inde­ them regular counseling and supervision, projects this week brings the total to 60. pendence." both on the job and through our oftice. We The plan is to give at least 150,000 boys and Johnson based his comments on the report give constant attention to their educational girls another chance to get a good start in from Wirtz in which the Labor Secretary used plans and will hopefully get them all back in life before the year is out. If these ventures extensive quotations from the project's en­ school." are as well managed and as fruitful as the rollees to make his point of "heartening and ENROLLEES' WISH pilot project appears to be, they may well meaningful" success in the Newark program. Wirtz said an overwhelming majority of become the brightest spot in the antipoverty "The single most important result of the the enrollees wanted to return to school, and program. For there is no task in the whole program thus far," he said, "is the proof it that this wish was helped by "the growing spectrum of our social problems more vital has provided that young persons disheartened feeling of confidence, fostered by their per­ than redirecting school dropouts who are by failure at school and discouraged by fail­ formance at work, that they can succeed." teetering · on the edge of despair. ure in the labor force do respond with hope, The report by Wirtz included anonymous confidence, and effort when given that im­ interviews with students who repeatedly ex­ [From the New York Times, Feb. 15, 1965) portant third chance. pressed the view that education was ot para­ FmsT Yount CORPS IN NEWARK HAILED KEY TO OPPORTUNITY mount· importance in the modern world and (By Charles Mohr) "The Neighborhood Youth Corps has been that for the school dropout "life wasn't as great as I thought it was going to be." WASHINGTON, February 14.--Secretary of built upon the belief that supervised em­ Labor W. Willard Wirtz reported to President ployment in public and nonprofit agencies One girl said she dropped out of school because she lost interest, her mind wasn't on Johnson today that the Nation's first Neigh­ is a key that unlocks the door of opportunity borhood Youth Corps in Newark bad dis­ now shut and bolted against the dropout. school. Asked what her mind was on now, pelled the idea that the Corps was a "make­ It is a key, not only because it provides a the following dialog took place: work concept." needed source of income, but a source of "Getting a better education." In a statement of reply, Mr. Johnson said pride as well." "What made you change your mind?" the Newark experiment "has encouraged and Wirtz' report complimented Newark Mayor "Because I had such lt hard time trying to heartened all those associated with it" and Addonizio for acting promptly on the pro­ find a job." added that Mr. Wirtz' report was "an early gram when NYC funds became available. NOT MUCH FUN indication that we can succeed in this best The program eventually will have 700 school "It wasn't as much fun as you thought." of all etforts." dropouts at work in schools, city hospitals, "No, it wasn't." The Neighborhood Youth Corps program is library, museum, and public offices and And one enrollee working a lot with un­ a major part of Mr. Johnson's antipoverty agencies. wed mothers said she told them to look to program. Full-time and summer programs Of the original 240 boys and girls who be­ the future because they were young and are planned to give useful employment and gan with the project, only 10 dropped out still had a chance to continue their educa­ training to school dropouts. The first by the end of the first month-and 2 of tion. neighborhood Corps project in the Nation those 10 had returned to school. "This birth of a second generation hope has been in operation in Newark since Jan­ Wirtz said 112 enrollees are working at city is a reward beyond price," concluded Wirtz uary 4. hospital and at the Ivy Haven Home (for in his report to Johnson. "It is one of the Mr. Wirtz said today in a memorandum to the aged), 27 at Newark Library and Newark compelling features that makes the Newark the President that "its success has been so Museum, and similar service oftices, 13 boys program a success in the most important heartening and meaningful that it warrants in police and firemen's communications work terms of all. a special report to you." as linesman's helpers, and 30 boys in the "Rather than submit to you a formalized A THmD CHANCE city's motor department learning mainte­ statement on this program, I have otiered in Mr. Wirtz said that the Youth Corps en­ nance and repair of vehicles. evidence the voices of the boys and girls thems,,lves. They are proving themselves. rollees were doing "jobs that would not DUTIES LISTED They are making the successes. The interest ordinarily be done" and that "these are jobs "In general. Neighborhood Youth Corps en­ of this Government was in providing the that ought to be done in the public inter­ rollees may be found helping to care for the opportunity. The rest was up to the en­ est." sick, doing routine clerical duties, learning rollees. There is every indication • • • that But he put even higher emphasis on a to draft maps and charts, assisting mechan­ the NYC wm provide an enriching and re­ statement that "the sin'{le most important ics in garages, helping field engineering warding experience for its enrollees, its coun­ result of the pro~ram thus far is in the proof teams, working in kitchens and laboratories," selors, its administrators and for the Ameri­ it has provided that young persons disheart­ Wirtz reported to Johnson. can public in general." ened by failure at school and discouraged by 4262 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD - - .HOUSE March 5, 1965 failure in tlie labor force do respond with Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, I · Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Speaker, in ac­ hope, confidence, and effort when given that am introducing again, the cold war GI cordance with my statement last year important third chance." bill, in order to make educational assist­ Mr. Wirtz said th.at there were now 346 that I would keep the House informed of boys and girls at work in Youth Corps pro­ ance and home loan guarantees available any changes affecting salary schedules grams in Newark's schools, hospitals, library, to the millions of veterans of the cold w.ar of the House employees, I wish to advise museum, planning board, and other public similar to the benefits available to the that the Committee on House Admin­ agencies. veterans of World War II and Korea. istration has revised the House wage The total will eventually rise to 700. The My persistence in again introducing schedule, a copy of which is inserted youths work 30 hours a week. All of them this legislation has been spurred on by herewith in the REcoRD. The criteria were dropouts from school and were unem­ the fact that my constituency has con­ which the committee uses in establishing ployed before volunteering for the program. sistently made known its desires in this He said the total cost of the program was the House wage schedule include the an­ $520,000 of which the Feder,al Government connection. nual survey of prevailing wage rates f Oli had contributed $465,000. Many believe that this seems to be the the metropolitan area of Washington. offer of a reward for services rendered. THE 180 RETURN TO SCHOOL In December the survey recommended I would like to eliminate this confusion, a slight increase in rates and the com­ Secretary Wirtz said that the brief expe­ since it is outrageous to assume that our rience at Newark had led to several con­ mittee has revised its schedule in con­ clusions that already seemed warranted. youth would risk their lives for the as­ formity therewi,th. One was that work with the Youth surance of educational benefits. Ap­ Of the 79 Positions in the House which Corps "does stimulate a desire to return to proximately 44 percent of our eligible are controlled by this schedule, 25 are school" and th.at already 180 of the Newark young men serve their country in some affected. These positions are in the enrollees had registered at night. one of our armed services. They actu­ blue-collar category, such as carpenters, He said the desire to resume an abandoned ally sacrifice 2 to 4 years of their lives, furniture finishers, and so forth. education was prompted by "the awareness during a period when the other 56 per­ that education is all important in landing a cent have the opportunity to obtain their House wage schedule, per annum rates job" and by the "growing feeling of con:{l­ education and start their careers. The dence, fostered by their performance at work, I problem is magnified by the fact that I Steps th.at they can su~ceed." HWS- -,~ ··· Mr. Wirtz said it also appeared that the those who are in the service are the ones counselors supervising the program had been who can least afford an education and 1 2 3 able, through personal attention and genuine are also in no position to compete with 1. ______.______interest, to inspire the youths. He quoted the civilian population. $3, 421 $3,588 $3, 779 one counselor as saying of the youths: The deep concern is for those cold war 2_ ------3, 995 4,210 4,425 "Some of them seemingly feel that they veterans who return to civilian life, for 3_ ------4,593 4, 832 5,071 are not important to anybody, that nobody 4_ ------5,191 5,454 5, 717 they return completely unprepared and 5_ ------5, 765 6,076 6,387 does care about them. Well, ·we care." 6. ------·------6,052 6,363 6,674 Mr. Wirtz' brief report relied heavily on as yet without skills. This legislation is 7 ------6,315 6,650 6,985 quotations from interviews with young per­ a chance-not a reward-to make up for 8 _ ------6,602 6, 937 7,296 sons enrolled Jn the program. He quoted lost time-to prepare themselves for 9. ------6,865 7,224 7,583 10. ------7, 128 7, 511 7,894 one young man who said he dropped out of what the future may hold in store. It 11 . ------7,511 7,894 8,300 school because his cousin had told him it was is well known that there is deep concern 12 ______------7,846 8,252 8,659 the way to "see the world." for our youth who decide to drop out 13_ ·----·--·------8,205 8,635 9,066 The young man was quoted as saying, "I - dropped out and I saw it-the unemployment from school. In a measure, our cold war line." veterans are "dropouts" and not by their CIVILIAN WORKERS IN VIETNAM He was asked, "Have you taken this up own volition, and therefore, they should Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask with your cousin?" have our practical and sympathetic con­ unanimous consent that the gentleman "Did I," said the boy. "He's got two black sideration. This measure would provide from Texas [Mr. GONZALEZ] may extend eyes to say that I ain't going to drop out them with the opportunity for an edu­ of school no more." cation, to obtain housing with their his remarks at this point in the RECORD A girl was quoted as saying that she now necessarily limited means. and include extraneous matter. wants to return to school. She said: "A Our country sorely needs every edu­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection high school diploma is more important now­ to the request of the gentleman from and a college diploma is more important cated and skilled worker available. Louisiana? than a high school diploma. You can't Why lose the talents and abilities of these hardly get a job without a diploma." millions of veterans-it would be waste­ There was no objection. Mr. Wirtz wrote to Mr. Johnson, "This ful and negligible to do this to this group Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, in the birth of second-generation hope is a reward of men who have served us well and many stories that have been written without price." who were ready to risk their lives when about the current crisis in Vietnam, very The Wirtz report said that 112 youths were little has been said thus far about the working in the Newark city hospital and at they were called. the Ivy Haven Home for the Aged. Most girls This legislation would be a fine invest­ courage and devotion of the U.S. civilian are working as nurses' aids, but eight en­ ment in our Nation's future-just as the workers there. rollees are working in the pathology depart­ original World War II GI bill, which For this reason, I seek unanimous con­ ment and five in the dietary department. accomplished the educational objectives sent to include in the RECORD the follow­ Twenty-seven are working in the library, that were so necessary. ing story by Joseph Young which ap­ museum or in other omces of Mayor Hugh J. Aside from the monetary advantages Addontzio. Some youths are working in city peared in the February 16, 1965 Wash­ to our communities, this bill would af­ ington Star: omces such as city planning, finance, per­ ford the same readjustment to civilian sonnel, and treasury. Thirty boys work in U.S. CIVILIAN WORKERS PRAISED FOR THEIR the city motor department learning vehicle life as the original GI bill did for our World War II veterans. COURAGE IN VIETNAM repair and 13 boys work as linesmen's helpers (By Joseph Young) for the police and fire department communi­ My correspondence daily confirms my cation lines. belief that this measure has strong sup­ A firsthand report on how Government port and I urge my colleagues to do all civ111an employees are ably and courageously possible to assure its enactment. performing their duties in battle-torn Viet­ COLD WAR VETERANS' READJUST­ nam has been made by the deputy inspector MENT ASSISTANCE ACT general of foreign assistance 1n the State SALARY CHANGES Department. Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Howard E. Haugerud had high praise for unanimous consent that the gentleman Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask employees of the Agency for International from Rhode Island [Mr. ST GERMAIN] unanimous consent that the gentleman Development and those in the Foreign Serv­ may extend his remarks at this point from Texas [Mr. BURLESON] may extend ice, after returning from a month's inspec­ in the RECORD and include extraneous his remarks at this point in the REcoRD tion trip there. matter. and include a table. Haugerud reports: The SPEAKER. Is there objection The SPEAKER, Is there objection "Many of these men whom I visited are to the request of the gentleman from to the request of the gentleman from living under extremely hazardous conditions Louisiana? Louisiana? and are constantly subject to injury, kidnap­ There was no objection. There was no objection. ing, or death at the hands of the Vietcong March -5, ·1965 GONGRESSIONAL RECORD·- HOUSE 4263 sent· I am inserting a copy of this article b~ero and he appealed to Wirt:z; n~t to yield, infiltrators, 'snipers, terrorists and regular to the big growers' pressure. m111tary 'units. ~n the RECORD! . "Corporate growers have rei;>eatedly relied "They must work with and be respected WHO'LL WIN? CORPORATE FARMERS OR on 11¢-hour wolf cries to bludgeon State and by the district chiefs, village .and haml~t lead­ MIGRANTS? Federal agencies into compliance with their ers, and often remain in the hamlets over­ demands for a cheap farm labor supply,'' Pitts' night in the homes of these leaders who are Will America's desper:ately poor migrant farmworkers be sold out again? That ques­ said. "This must not be permitted to happen generally 'marked men' by the Vietcong. In again." order to carry out their missions, they must tion will soon be decided in Washington. work in area.s infested with or threatened Labor Secretary W. Willard Wirtz-with by the Vietcong. They must do so without strong AFL-CIO backing-is trying to get NICHOLLS STATE COLLEGE, military escort and generally unarmed be­ the farmworkers a better dea:l. , cause of the allegedly more severe penalties Big corporate-type farmers in several . THIBODAUX, LA. infiicted by the Vietcong in the event of States, especially Florida and California, are The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ capture while carrying weapons. sharply denouncing Wirtz. Senators SPES:­ der of the House, the gentleman from "My ptlrpose in writing ls to call attention SARD HOLLAND and GEORGE SMATHERS, Demo­ Louisiana [Mr. WILLIS] is recognized for to these Americans, many of whom are yo.ung crats, of Florida, and GEORGE MURPHY, Re­ publican, of California, have been echoing 20 minutes. and junior in grade. Because their activities 'Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, success are conducted mainly with the Vietnamese the big farmers. They threaten to go over people and because they are away from the Wirtz' head to President Johnson, in the too often is overlooked or taken for large population centers engaging in vital but effort to do in the farmworkers. granted or not fully appreciated. Fail­ nonspectacular work, I do not believe they What the· big farmers want is what they,'ve ure demands attention, prompts inquiry, are receiving the public credit that is due had in the past: plenty of cheap labor, in­ generates discussion, and often makes cluding 200,000 or more workers imported them." . each year from Mexico and the West Indies. headlines. " This reporter is happy to pay credit to these It is success-grand success-that I courageous and dedicated public servants, SEEK NEW LOOPHOLE wish to call to your attention today. It an:d by doing so stress that Government civil­ As Labor previously reported, Congress al­ is the success of Nicholls State College at ian employees throughout our history-in lowed the law for importing Mexican braceros Thibodaux, situated in the heart of Lou­ war, peace and emergency-have always to expire last December 31. Now the big served their country faithfully and well. farmers want to import workers under the isiana's· Third Congressional District immigration law. which I represent. This marvelous in­ Before they can do this the big farmers stitution is indeed worthy of the atten­ WILL THE POOR MIGRANT FARM­ must prove to Wirtz that the foreign work­ tion and praise of the Congress and the ers won't have an adverse effect on wages Nation, especially during the current WORKERS BE SOLD OUT AGAIN? for Americans. Armed with this power. Wirtz academic year when it gained full mem­ ' Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask has for the first time se~ minimum wages bership as an accredited institution of unanimous consent that the gentleman for U.S. farmworkers. the Southern Association of Colleges arid from Texas [Mr. GONZALEZ] may extend The hourly minimum. in California is now Schools. Nicholls has brought about $1.25 an hour for farmwork. It will go to his remarks at this point in.the RECORD $1.40 on April 1. In Florida, it's now 95 cents badly needed change, and the change has and include extraneous matter. an hour. It will go to $1.15 on April 1. been rapid and ever in the right direc- The SPEAKER. Is there objection These actions have sent a wave of hope . tion. I know the college and I know its to the request of the gentleman from through the farmworkers. Take, for ex­ president, Dr. Vernon F. Galliano, and Louisiana? ample, the pickers in Florida's vast orange they have my deepest admiration and There was no,objection. groves. Newsman Peter Kramer of the St. respect. · Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, any­ Petersburg Times recently spent a week pick- Where once education was considered one reasonably acquainted with the ing in the groves. · of limited consequence, especially by bracero law could have predicted last WIN A RAISE many who did not have the money or the year when that slave-labor program was It's hard, bacltbreaking work, he found. inclination, it is today regarded with finally voted down by Congress that the "The picker's workday," he reported, "runs fervor, sincerely respected, and zealously wealthy and powerful forces which from dawn to dusk." In a full day an aver­ promoted. Where opportunities were profited from it would make a renewed age picker may harvest 3 tons of oranges-- once limited, they have since been 60 bOxes. created. The area that once neglected last-ditch stand to bring it back during As for the pickers' living' conditions, the 89th Congress. It is no surprise, Kramer quoted one foreman as follows: "You talent today develops it. The region therefore, to find these forces going to should see some of the places they call that once exported talent today retains extreme lengths and making desperate home. Why, them Congressmen in Wash­ and attracts it. charges in an effort to open the flood­ ington wouldn't keep their dogs in them." All of this is, in large measure, the re­ gates so the braceros can come into this Until late January the orange pickers' sult of Nicholls State College, which is country to work at jobs while American pay rate was 20 cents a box. Then, a citrus itself the ·result of vision, perseverance, industry spokesman complained to Kramer, and hard work. It is obvious to me that citizens go unemployed. "the pickers took advantage of the situation" For example, one claim that has been by threatening to walk off the job and let this college, in the next few years, will recently made is that the crops in a cer­ the fruit rot unless the rate was hiked. The render more benefit than it has in the tain State are rotting on the ground, un­ rate is now 25 to 30 cents a box. past 17, for its growth and influence, if harvested because domestic labor cannot The same industry spokesman, Herman charted, match very closely a table of be found to do the job. Thanks to the Steele of Florida Citrus Mutual, said the big geometric progression. And we have finest traditions of the free press and a orange growers' cost of production averages thus far made only a small mark on a reporter for the St. Petersburg Times, $1 per 100-pound bOx-which they sell for big chart. Peter Kramer, this spurious claim has $2.50 to $3. Thirty years ago the section proudly been exposed as a half-truth, to put it GROSSLY EXAGGERATED known today as the Nicholls area was gently. The facts ;are, as Mr. Kramer The Labor Department and other agencies not particularly concerned about high learned while working in the groves him­ have encouraged the fruit and vegetable school and almost disinterested in higher self, that exceptional weather conditions growers to hire jobless Americans for har­ education. Twenty years ago its aspira­ vesting work. But growers in both California caused the fruit to drop early. and Florida charge that many of these men tions were for a junior college, nothing But perhaps the most damaging item won't do the work, leading to crop losses. more and nothing less. Ten years ago, in the case for the bracero is the fact that Those charges, Wirtz said last week, are the area insisted upon a 4-year college, as Thomas L·. Pitts, of the California grossly exaggerated. For example, it's nothing more or nothing less. Today, it AFL-CIO, recently stated the great Im­ claimed that oranges are "rotting on the recognizes a need for a graduate program perial Valley's peak winter harvest was ground" in Florida. Newsman Kramer f_ound and a research program and is not likely handled without braceros. that this was due primarily to special weather to accept anything less and is very likely These and other matters of interest are conditions, making the fruit drop early. Yet to seek and gain much more. The college 1t was blamed on lack o! labor. . motto, in the coming years as in the past, reported in the March 6, 1965, issue of · In California, Thomas L. Pitts, secretary­ Conductor and Brakeman in an article treasurer of the State AFL-CIO, last week will be excellence, service, and leadership. entitled "Who'll Win?· Corporate Farm­ noted that the great Imperial Valley's peak This success story had its beginnings ers or Migrants?" With unanimous con- winter harvest was handled without one in a typically American way. It was on 4264 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 5, 1965 Tuesday, April 13, 1944, at a meeting of basic offer was 110 acres for $24,000 with to be. New programs and courses were the Thibodaux Rotary Club. The· guest an option for the purchase of an addi­ added. New buildings were gained in speaker was Dean C. C. Colvert, then of tional 100 acres. The appraised value of 1956. . Northeast Junior College at Monroe. He the campus today is very probably about By this time higher education was no· described a junior college as a people's $24,000 for a single acre. longer just a faith-it was a passion. college, emphasized the need for one in Tribute is due the citizens of La­ The need for a 4-year, degree-granting the Thibodaux area, and foretold that fourche who acted so quickly and fore­ institution was recognized and insisted such a college would popularize higher sightedly. They, like George Peabody, upan, and Senator A. 0. Rappelet was education. He also declared: knew that education is a debt due from the first to do so. A man of foresight There should be no greater gap or barrier the present to future generations. Spe­ and action, he revealed a remarkable ca­ between high school graduation and the first cial tribute is due the Thibodaux Rotary pacity to get things done when he suc­ year of the junior college than exists between Club, the members of the special com­ cessfully promoted legislation that the junior and senior years in the high school mittee, the Lafourche legislators, the changed Nicholls into a 4-year institu- itself. The taxpayer is rapidly coming to the police jury, the school board, and the tion. · belief that it is just as important that his mayor and board of trustees of the city His intrepid, aggressive leadership took children receive a full opportunity for junior of Thibodaux. These were great pio­ some of his constituents J>y surprise. But college education as it is for them to receive a high school education. He is beginning neers and great citizens. We are all in his wisdom was soon recognized and ap­ to realize that the junior college should be as their debt. plauded. The timid complaineq that the accessible to his children as is a high school. Though the school board and the police change should have waited until the col­ jury were willing to buy the land to help lege was ready. Dr. Elkins summed the The spark had been struck. So im­ and expedite the cause, they discovered situation when he later explained, "Had pressed were Rotarians that they ap­ that it was not legally possible to give Nicholls waited until it was ready for pointed a three-member committee to land to LSU. But the citizens were not 4-year status, 4-year status would never fallow through on the junior college to be deterred. They appealed to the have come." proposal. Its members were Mr. Irving legislature for a special act, and thus the The college, the area, and the State Legendre, manager of Leighton sugar police jury was able to purchase the land were stimulated and given a new goal­ factory and then club president; Mr. and donate it for the college. to develop Nicholls into a complete, Emile Puchee, manager of Mattingly The success of a commuter's college strong 4-year college. Perseverance, a Tractor Co., and the late Mayor Charles depended upon available transportation. pioneering zeal, and an enormous sense Delas. School boards, badly in need of quali­ of resourcefulness were called into play, They soon enlarged their committee fied teachers, were willing to provide free Money and facilities and personnel were after a meeting attended by, in addition bus service from their parishes to the ·sorely limited. College officials often to themselves, Maj. Roland B. Howell college, but this too was not legally pos­ begged and borrowed to make ends meet. of Thibodaux, a member of the Louisi­ sible. The Nicholls movement pioneered The problem was one of promoting or­ ana State University Board of Super­ for the rest of the State and soon it be­ derly growth by using personnel already visors; Senator Edmond L. Deramee, came legal for school boards to provide committed to classroom requirements-­ Representative Marc J. Picciola, Repre­ such transportation. Thus the concept even the academic deans were also full­ sentative-today Judge-Dave Martinez, of public school education was pro-· time classroom teachers. Students often Police Jury President L.A. Borne, Police f oundly extended. came to the rescue, and so did public offi­ Jury Finance Committee Chairman It was on September 21, 1948, that cials and civic leaders. Nicholls had far Frank L. Barber, School Board Presi­ Francis T. Nicholls Junior College opened to go, but it was moving. dent J. z. Toups, School Board Member its doors for the first time to an enroll­ The first 4-year class received degrees L. E. Daviet, Mr. V. L. Caldwell, Jr., and ment of 161 students from seven par­ in 1958, and the tempo of growth quick­ Acting Superintendent of Schools R. 0. ishes. The Honorable Earl K. Long was ened. Enrollments began to increase by Moncla. Governor, the Honorable Shelby M. as much as 40 percent with each passing The new, larger committee, known as Jackson was State superintendent of year. Education truly became a passion. the Lafourche Junior College Committee, education, and Dr. Harold W. Stoke was Appreciation mounted. Nicholls services with Mr. Legendre as secretary, officially president of LSU. The honor and the re­ to .the area, in the classroom and beyond, requested Gen. C. B. Hodges, presi­ sponsibility of starting the academic directly and indirectly, began to increase dent of Louisiana State University, to program went to Dr. Charles C. Elkins, and expand and double. establish and operate a junior college at the discerning choice of the LSU board When President Charles C. Elkins was Thibodaux. Local officials were success­ of supervisors for the deanship. He and ready to retire in 1963, the citizens of the ful in gaining the approval of the State Registrar James Lynn Powell began lay­ college community were so grateful for legislature, and on July 14, 1944-only ing the foundation for the instructional his services and his success that they 3 months after the idea was conceived­ program months prior to the historic heaped gifts and testimonials of praise Gov. Jimmie Davis signed a bill to ap­ first day. upon him and saluted him as a successful propriate $375,000 "out of funds not At this time, Carlyle's statement trailblazer who shaped traditions of aca­ otherwise appropriated." seemed more true than ever: "Every no­ demic excellence. By July 31 the committee was ble work is at first imi:fossible." There His successor, the unanimous and for­ strengthened, Mr. Legendre was named was only one building and only a fresh­ tunate choice of the State board of chairman, and Dr. Charles J. Barker, Mr. man program was offered; this limited education, was Dr. Vernon F. Galliano, a Leonard Falgout, Mr. Litt Martin, and enrollment. In the 2d year Louisiana native of Lafourche. He approached his Mr. Noah Ducasse were added. During schools added a 12th grade and pro­ task with unprecedented enthusiasm and the next month Mr. C. J. Bourg of the c!uced no high school graduates, so en­ determination. Both an educator and a American Sugar Cane League was also rollment continued to be limited. The leader, Dr. Galliano immediately painted added. The group's official name was advent of the Korean conflict prompted the pattern of geometric progression, but changed to the Francis T. Nicholls Junior rumors that Nicholls would close because in bigger, broader, bolder strokes. Even College Committee, it having been the so many young men were called away. before assuming office, he enlisted to help suggestion of Senator Deramee that the Dr. Elk'ns stifled the rumors when he the faculty in mapping careful plans for famed Governor and Civil War general declared it more important than ever what he chose to call the dynamic decade was the most worthy native of the area for the college to remain open during ahead. for such special recognition. the emergency and that no emergency He foresaw a surge in enrollments from The committee worked assiduously, since the Civil War had ever been great 1,000 to 5,000. He saw the need to im­ invited Dr. W. ;s. Hatcher, the new presi­ enough in the history of higher educa­ prove the quality and extent of instruc­ dent of LSU, down for a meeting, gath­ tion in Louisiana to cause the closing tion offered and of learning accom­ ered data. made careful studies, and rec­ of a college. Though Nicholls lost en­ plished. He recognized a clear responsi­ ommended a site. They chose the Rich­ rollment, it gained an ROTC program. bility to respond. Additional buildings, ard C. Plater site-a portion of historic The end of the Korean conflict marked equipment, and personnel were needed, Acadia plantation-because of conven­ the start of the Nicholls cycle of growth. he knew. and he set out to get them. He ience, opportunities for expansion, and Academic excellence, always the first did indeed get them, and he has not yet accessibility to necessary utilities. The consideration of the faculty, continued stopped, nor is he likely. March 5, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4265 When he assumed office, he set many Gov. John J. McKeithen deserves par­ Mr.BROCK. goals, not the least of which was re­ ticular praise, and so does State Super­ Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. gional accreditation, an arduous crusade intendent of Education William J. Dodd. Social Security Act to provide a 10-percent, House Resolution 254. Resolution for con­ for the education of the taxpayer, his spouse, across-the-board increase in benefits there­ sideration of H.R. 2, a bill to protect the or his dependents; to the Committee on under, and for other purposes; to the Com­ public health and safety by amending the Ways and Means. mittee on Ways and Means. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to By Mr. HARRIS: By Mr. MURPHY of New York: establish special controls for depressant and H.R. 5863. A bill to authorize the Secretary H.R. 5879. A bill to amend the Foreign As­ stimulant drugs, and for other purposes; of Commerce to undertake research and de­ sistance Act of 1961 so as to provide for re­ without amendment (Rept. No. 138). Re­ velopment in high-speed ground transporta­ ductions in aid to countries in which prop­ tion, and for other purposes; to the Commit,.. erty of the United States is damaged or de­ ferred to the House Calendar. tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. stroyed by mob action; to the Committee on .. Mr. ZABLOCKI: Committee on Foreign Af­ H.R. 5864. A b111 to amend the Communi­ Foreign Affairs. fairs. House Concurrent Resolution 285. cations Act of 1934, as amended, to give the By Mr. NELSEN: Concurrent resolution to allow the showing Federal Communications Commission au­ H.R. 5880. A b1ll authorizing an appro­ in the United States of the U.S. Information thority to prescribe regulations for the man­ priation to provide for the expenses of a Agency film "John F. Kennedy-Years of ufacture, import, sale, shipment, or use of joint select committee of the Senate and Lightning, Day of Drums"; without amend­ devices which cause harmful interference to House of Representatives to study the prob­ ment (Rept. No. 139). Referred to the House radio reception; to the Committee on Inter­ lem of local self-government for the District Calendar. state and Foreign Commerce. of Columbia, and for other purposes; to the Mr. CELLER: Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 5865. A b1ll to authorize the Secre­ Committee on Rules. H.R. 5505. A b1ll to require the establish­ tary of Commerce to utilize funds received H.R. 5881. A bill to amend the Internal ment, on the basis of the 18th and subse­ from State and local governments for spe­ Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a credit quent decennial censuses, of congressional cial meteorological services; to the Commit­ against income tax to individuals for certain districts composed of contiguous and com­ tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. expenses incurred in providing higher edu­ pact territory for the election of Representa­ H.R. 5866. A bill to permit the Depart­ cation; to the Committee on Ways and tives, and for other purpqses; without ment of Commerce to furnish improved serv­ Means. amendment (Rept. No. 140). Referred to the ice by means of its register of · names of By Mr. POAGE: House Calendar. certain motor vehicle drivers; to the Com­ H.R. 5882. A b111 to extend the operation of Mr. McMILLAN: Committee on the District mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. the National Wool Act of 1954, as amended; of Columbia. House Joint Resolution 195. H.R. 5867. A b1ll to amend section 203{a) to the Committee on Agriculture. Joint resolution to authorize the Commis.,. of the Communications Act of 1934, as By Mr. PUCINSKI: sioners of the District of Columbia to pro­ amended, with respect to the filing of sched­ H.R. 5883. A bill to amend the bonding mulgate special regulations for the period of ules of changes by connecting carriers; to provisions of the Labor-Management Report­ the American Legion National Convention of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign ing and Disclosure Act of 1959 and the Wel­ 1966, to be held in Washington, D.C.; to au- Commerce. fare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act; to the . thorize the granting of certain permits to H.R. 5868. A bill to amend section 22 of the Committee on Education and Labor. the American Legion 1966 Convention Corp. Interstate Commerce Act; to the Committee By Mr. RIVERS of Alaska: of the District of Columbia on the occasion on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. H.R. 5884. A b111 to provide a program of of such convention, and for other purposes; H.R. 5869. A bill to amend sections 204a marine exploration and development of the without amendment (Rept. No. 141). Re­ and 406a of the Interstate Commerce Act in resources of the Continental Shelf; to the ferred to the Committee of the Whole House order to provide civil liabil1ty for violations Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. on the State of the Union. of such act by common carriers by motor By Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina: vehicle and freight forwarders; to the Com­ H.R. 5885. A bill to authorize certain con­ ll}ittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. struction at m111tary installations, and for REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRI­ ·H.R. 5870. A bill to amend section 12 of other purposes; to the Committee on Armed the Natural Gas Act with respect to the issu­ Services. VATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ance of securities for the construction, ac­ By Mr. RODINO: Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of quisition, or operation of pipeline facilities; H.R. 5886. A b111 to incorporate the Jewish committees were delivered to the Clerk to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign War Veterans of the United States of Amer­ for printing and reference to the proper Commerce. ica; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 5871. A bill to amend section 14 of H.R. 5887. A bill to incorporate the Cath­ calendar, as follows : the Natural Gas Act; to the Committee on olic War Veterans of the United States of Mr. McMILLAN: Committee on the District Interstate and Foreign Commerce. America; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of Columbia. R.R. 4338. A b111 to authorize H.R. 5872. A bill to amend the Natural Gas By Mr. ST GERMAIN: the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United Act to authorize the Federal Power Commis­ H.R. 5888. A b111 to provide readjustment States to rent certain property in the District sion to pres~ribe safety requirements for assistance to veterans who serve in the

1' I March 5, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4267 Armed Forces during the induction period; MEMORIALS By Mr. JOHNSON of California: to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. H.R. 5904. A bill for the relief of Nam le By Mr. STAFFORD: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, Kim; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 5889. A bill to authorize the Secre­ 74. Mr. CONTE presented a memorial of H.R. 5905. A b111 for the relief of James F. tary of the Navy to sell uniform clothing to the House of Representatives of the Common­ Seger; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Naval Sea Cadet Corps; to the Commit­ wealth of Massachusetts memorializing Con­ By Mrs. KELLY: tee on Armed Services. gress to request the President of the United H.R. 5906. A bill for the relief of Fania By Mr. STEED: States to bring the question of the liberation Gniazdo; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 5890. A bill to authorize a 3-year pro­ of the Baltic States before the United Na­ By Mr. KEOGH: gram of grants for construction of veterinary tions, which was referred to the Committee H.R. 5907. A b111 for the relief of Giuseppe medical educatiqn facilities, and for other on Foreign Affairs. Ilarda; to the Committee on the Judiciary. purposes; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. · By Mr. MULTER: By Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin: H.R. 5908. A bill for the relief of Jacques H.R. 5891. A bill to repeal the excise tax on PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Laniado; to the Committee on the Judiciary. communications; to the Committee on Ways By Mr. MURPHY of New York: and Means. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H.R. 5909. A bill for the relief of Eliahu By Mr. WALKER of Mississippi: bills and resolutions were introduced and Yedid; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 5892. A bill to amend titles I and severally referred as follows: By Mr. O'HARA of Michigan: XVI of the Social Security Act to alter the By Mr. ADDABBO: H.R. 5910. A bill for the relief of Gerhard Federal-State programs of health care for H.R. 5893. A bill for the relief of Mr. and o. Wolf (Wolfe); to the Committee on the the aged by authorizing any State to provide Mrs. Vito Bono and their children, Salvatore Judiciary. medical assistance for the aged to individuals Bono and Serafina Bono; to the Committee By Mr. RODINO: eligible therefor (and assist in providing on the Judiciary. H.R. 5911. A b111 for the relief of Maj. War­ health care for other aged individuals) under H.R. 5894. A bill for the relief of Castor ren G. Ward, Capt. Paul H. Beck, and Capt. voluntary private health insurance plans, Gayo-Gayo; to the Committee on the Judi­ Russell K. Hansen, U.S. Air Force; to the and to amend the Internal Revenue Code ciary. Committee on the Judiciary. of 1954 to provide tax incentives to encour­ H.R. 5895. A bill for the relief of Francesco By Mr. SICKLES: age prepayment health insurance for the Tinnirello; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 5912. A b111 for the relief of the estates aged; to the Committee on Ways and Means. ciary. of certain former members of the U.S. Navy By Mr. REINECKE: By Mr. BURTON of California: Band; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 366. Joint resolution proposing H.R. 5896. A bill for the relief of Harry By Mr. STEED: an amendment to the Constitution of the Gim Tang Mun; to the Committee on the H.R. 5913. A bill for the relief of James United States relative to equal rights for Judiciary. Jouravloff; to the Committee on the Judi­ men and women; to the Committee on the H.R. 5897. A bill for the relief of Aryirios ciary. Judiciary. Vasiliou Petropolulos; to the Committee on By Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin: By Mr. MACKAY: the Judiciary. H.R. 5914. A bill for the relief of Dr. Mar­ H. Con. Res. 344. Concurrent resolution By Mr. FARBSTEIN: ciano C. Visaya; to the Committee on the recommending timely State action to insure, Judiciary. through uniform residency requirements, H.R. 5898. A b111 for the relief of Giuseppe the right of new residents of the 'Several Biondi; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WALKER of New Mexico: States to vote in the 1968 presidential elec­ By Mr.FINO: H.R. 5915. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Har­ tions and thereafter; to the Committee on H.R. 5899. A bill for the relief of Santina ley Brewer; to the Committee on the Judi­ House Administration. Capri; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ciary. By Mr. MORSE: By Mr. GERALD R. FORD: H. Res. 255. Resolution to set national poli­ H.R. 5900. A bill for the relief of Gerhard cies for local airline services; to the Commit­ Wolf; to the Committee on the Judiciary. PETITIONS, ETC. tee on Rules. By Mr. GONZALEZ: By Mr. STALBAUM: H.R. 5901. A bill for the relief of Charles Under clause 1 of rule XXII, H. Res. 256. Resolution creating a standing H. Denny; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 121. The SPEAKER presented a petition of Committee on Small Business in the House By Mr. JARMAN: Henry Stoner, Avon Park, Fla., p~titioning of Representatives, with authority to report H.R. 5902. A bill for the relief of Cecil Gra­ consideration of his resolution with reference germane amendments to the Small Business ham; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to having printed for distribution copies of Act and the Small Business Investment Act H.R. 5903. A b111 for the relief of William several public documents; which was referred. of 1958; to the Committee on Rules. C. Page; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on House Administration.

EXTENSIONS

AEC' s Guaranteed Purchase Prices for materials. These prices, and the guar­ wished to place as much evidence as pos­ anteed · purchase price period for U23'1, sible concerning AEC's proposal in the Plutonium and Uranium 233 cannot become effective until they have public record early in the 45-day waiting been submitted to the Joint Committee period. We further announced that the ' 1' ·EXTENSION OF REMARKS and have lain before it for a statutory record of the hearing would be held open OP' 45-day waiting period while Congress is for 2 weeks, until February 24, to give in session. interested persons an opportunity to pre­ HON. CHET HOLIFIELD.· . , By letter dated January 18, 1965, the sent comments. News of these actions OF CALIFORNIA AEC submitted proposed guaranteed was widely publicized in the trade press. 233 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES purchase prices for plutonium and U , a By February 24, the Joint Committee Friday, March 5, 1965 guaranteed purchase price period for had received one comment, a letter dated 233 U , and criteria for determining when February 23, 1965, from the General Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I wish these materials are "produced through to report on actions taken recently by Atomic Division of General Dynamics the Atomic Energy Commission and the the use of special nuclear material leased Corp. This letter made suggestions Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, of or sold" by AEC. The Joint Commit­ concerning the u= price, and was re­ which I am the chairman, with respect tee announced this submission on Jan­ f erred to the AEC for comment. The to guaranteed purchase prices for plu­ uary 29, 1965, and stated that a public AEC replied by letter of March 2, 1965. tonium and uranium enriched in the hearing would be held on it. The 45-day ·waiting period required by isotope 233. On February 10, 1965, the Joint Com­ the statute expired on March 4. During ·under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, mittee held an open hearing on AEC's that period the Joint Committee re­ as amended last summer by the Private proposal, at which the AEC testified and viewed AEC's proposal, and took the Ownership of Special Nuclear Materials answered questions raised by the Joint steps outlined above to promote adequate Act, the AEC is directed to establish Committee. 'At that hearing, it was an­ public awareness of this matter. On the guaranteed purchase prices for these nounced . that the Joint Committee basis of this review, we believe that 4268 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 5, 1965 AEC's proposal of January 18, 1965, ap­ exceed the sum of $50,000; and said sum, $80,000 savings to the Department. This propriately implements the intent of or so much thereof as may be necessary, be record certainly can be attributed to no Congress in passing the Private Owner­ and the same is hereby authorized to be ap­ single individual, but rather is due to an propriated for that purpose: Provided, That ship of Special Nuclear Materials Act. the report of said committee shall be sub­ efficient team of men and women obvi­ mitted to the Congress not later than the ously dedicated to providing the best 1st day of August 1965. service possible to the citizens of our area. A special presentation was to have District Home Rule Measures been made to the employees of the Proliferate-Study Needed Chattanooga post office but was with­ Post Office Politics held. Perhaps, it would have been em­ barrassing to give an award in one hand EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS and a firing order in the other. To their OF OJI' considerable credit, the National League HON. ANCHER NELSEN HON. W. E. (BILL) BROCK of Postmasters came strongly to the de­ OF MINNESOTA fense of Mr. Spence. They, too, are con­ OF TENNESSEE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cerned about the implications of remov­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing postmasters without sufficient cause. Friday, March 5, 1965 Friday, March 5, 1965 Mr. Speaker, Postmaster Spence will Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, all of us appeal the decision through the normal interested in the welfare and develop­ Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, one of the civil service procedure, as is his right. I ment of the District of Columbia, our Na­ great strengths of our American form am confident the case will be judged on tion's Capital, are aware some form of of government is the quality of the civil its merits without regard to politics. But home rule is desirable not only for the service. As an independent group of for us as legislators the challenge is people who live here but for the coun'try dedicated individuals, Federal employees clear; we cannot permit the Nation's as a whole. Nevertheless, the number of are charged with carrying out the ad- civil service to become subject to politi­ home rule bills introduced in this ses­ ministration's- program as enacted by cal abuse for any reason, by any person. sion indicates there is still no unified the Congress. We must encourage qualified individuals approach. There are still many legiti­ The ugly head of politics, unfortunate- to serve their country in the Federal em­ mate questions needing to be answered ly, has been raised on occasion in one or ploy; we must build a cadre of intelligent before congressional action is taken. more of the executive departments. It and dedicated public servants, divorced We must be sure tha't the final home usually takes the form of patronage from the politics of the day. rule bill is one satisfactory to the people pressure or requests for campaign con- I feel it incumbent upon me to call the of Washington, to Congress, and in con­ tributions. I am saddened today to have ··House's attention to this matter in hopes formity with provisions laid down in our to take the floor to bring to the atten- my colleagues will be increasingly alert to Constitution. For these reasons, I be­ tion of my colleagues a situation which the misuse of the civil service by those in lieve a further study is necessary and raises serious questions-questions positions of high authority. Only justified. which must be answered. through constructive criticism can we Therefore, I am today in'troducing a On Tuesday of this week the post- improve our Federal Government. bill to set up a joint select committee master of Chattanooga, Tenn., received to study the problem of local self-gov­ a letter from the Post Office Department ernment for Washington, D.C. The com­ informing him of his dismissal. Post­ mittee, consisting of five Senators and ma.Ster 0. M. Spence was appointed by Retirement of Frank P. Briggs Members of the House, would be au­ President Eisenhower in 1957, and ap­ thorized to determine a proper form of parently the greatest case against him EXTENSION OF REMARKS local self-government and report its today . is the fact he is a Republican. OJI' findings to Congress by August 1. No If so, Mr. Speaker, this would set a more than three Members from either dangerous precedent for postmasters and HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE body would be of the same party. civil servants across the country. If the OJI' MISSOURI I request that my bill, H.R. 5880, be in­ penalties assessed in Chattanooga were IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES serted at this point in my remarks. based upon similar cases in the past, the result would have been perhaps a letter Friday, March 5, 1965 H.R. 5880 of reprimand or, ait most, a short sus­ Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, I wish A bill authorizing an appropriation to pro­ vide for the expenses of a joint select com­ pension. to call the attention of the House to the mittee of the Senate and House of Rep­ Knowing the unusually severe result of retirement from this city of an outstand­ resentatives to study the problem of local this case, it becomes more than a mere ing and dedicated public servant. self-government for the District of Co­ possibility that political pressures by a When Frank P. Briggs left Washing­ lumbia, and for other purposes U.S. Senator are involved. Senatorial ton once again to become a working Be it enacted b_y the Senate and House of prerogative as well as political realities member of the fourth estate on his news­ Representatives of the United States of justify the fact thait the Senators of the paper at Macon, Mo., our Government America in Congress assembled, That the President's political party are consulted lost a dedicated and capable leader. The sum of $50,000 1s authorized to be appro­ on new appointments from their State. former Assistant Secretary of the In­ priated out of the money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated in full for the fol­ However, any action to create such an terior will be missed by his fellow work­ lowing expenses of the government of the opening is an abuse of our system and ers and all of us who knew him well and District of Columbia for the fiscal year end­ its record of nonpartisanship. Playing were aware of his diligent performance ing June 30, 1965; namely: politics with Federal jobs can only result of his duties for our country. That a joint select committee shall be ap­ in the deterioration of the .career civil Mr. Briggs is returning to the Macon pointed consisting of five Senators, no more service. Chronicle-Herald of which he has been than three of whom shall be of the same The efficiency of the Chattanooga post publisher and owner since 1924. The party, to be named by the Presiding omcer name of Frank Briggs has long been of the Senate and five Members of the House, om.ce was not challenged in the charges. no more than three of whom shall be of the In fact, the om.ce has been operating on synonymous with topflight journalism. same party, to be named by the Speaker of about the same funds while the volume of His paper has always been a model by the House of Representatives, whose duty it mail has increased substantially. Re­ which others have been patterned down shall be to study the question of local self­ ceipts at the Chattanooga post office are through the years. government for the District of Columbia and up, and its operational emciency is num­ Mr. Briggs has led a long and colorful to prepare and submit to Congress a state­ ber three in its region. political career. He served 2 years in ment of the pro_per form of local self-gov­ Recently, the Post Offi.ce Department the U.S. Senate, being appointed in ernment for the District of Columbia, to­ gether .with the reasons upon which their conducted a national contest on sugges­ January 1945, to fill the vacancy created conclusions may be based, and, in discharge tions and awards. The Chattanooga post when Senator Harry S. Truman resigned of the duty hereby imposed, said committee omce was first in the region and sixth in to become Vice President. He was mayor fs authorized to employ such assistance as the whole Nation. I am told the Chat­ of the city of Macon from 1930 to 1933. it may deem advisable at an e~pense not to tanooga suggestion resulted in an A member of the Missouri State Senate March 5, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4269 from 1933 to 1945 and president of that vide a bulwark against further Communist the face of this adamant stand there are body from 1941 to 1945. He has been infiltration in that troubled country. Our voices in this country that tell us we can policy was then and is now to check CQm­ work out something called neutralization Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife munist expansion wherever it might in Vietnam. since March 1961. He formerly served threaten the free world. It threatened Now there are two glaring examples of the as a member of the Missouri Conserva­ South Vietnam, and we elected to check it utter futllity of trying to negotiate with the tion Commission. there. Red Chinese on any realistic basis. The first The illustrious journalist is a graduate Thus we find ourselves today facing on I w111 cite was in Warsaw where just this of Central College and the School of the one hand mounting pressure from the week our Ambassador, John Moors Cabot, Journalism at the University of Missouri. Vietcong-backed and directed from Peip­ sat down with Chinese envoy Wang Kuo­ Before acquiring the Macon paper, he ing-and on the other the instabllity of a chuan in another effort to free U.S. citizens served as editor of papers in Fayette, series of ineffectual governments in South taken prisoner in the Korean war and stm Vietnam. In plain English, a mess. Would held in Red Chinese jails. These talks be­ Moberly, and Trenton, Mo.; and in it be better, then, to wash our hands of the gan in 1955, mind you, 10 years ago, and are Shawnee, Okla. In 1958, he received the whole affair, to pull out? st111 going on. They have been broadened Distinguished Public Service Award from On the surface, this seems to be the to include other matters, but in 126 meet­ Missouri University's School of Journal­ simplest solution. But South Vietnam can­ ings not one thing has been accomplished. ism; is a member of Sigma Delta Chi, not be considered as an isolated battle­ Our citizens are st111 imprisoned, and the journalism fraternity; was grand master ground, of no strategic importance in the Chinese envoy has never yet mentioned the global conflict between the free world and word "peace." of Missouri A.F. & A.M., 1957-58; and is The other example .is in Korea. Not many a member of the. Elks, Rotarians, and the captive. For one thing, South Vietnam is a tremendously fertile land, traditionally Americans realize that we still have 55,000 the National Press Club in Washington, the rice bowl of the continent. Peiping, con­ U.S. troops in Korea, augmented by their D.C. fronted with a population explosion that South Korean comrades in arms, to hold We may sincerely say that the Gov­ staggers the imagination, desperately needs back the North Korean hordes directed by ernment's loss is journalism's gain. this granary to feed its teeming m11lions. Peiping. There is an armistice commission To hand it over by default would be to pre­ there, certainly, but the North Korean mem­ sent Red China the equivalent of a major bers have never deviated an inch from the military victory. In its long-range conse­ Peiping hard line. They treat our members Address of Representative John M. quences, such a move would be as disastrous with arrogance and cold contempt, and as permitting West Germany to fall into the studiedly frustrate our every effort to ease Murphy of New York to Manresa hands of the Russians. the tensions along the truce line. In fact, the North Koreans purposely violate the truce Council, Knights of Columbus Furthermore, Vietnam is of vital military importance. It points like a finger toward terms in an apparent effort to draw us into the rich island chain of Indonesia, where retaliation so that they can trumpet charges Communist-oriented Sukarno holds sway of aggression for the world to hear. There EXTENSION OF REMARKS is one reason and one reason alone why the OF and is already threatening another outpost of the free world, Malaysia. Dominated by North Koreans do not control all of Korea­ Red China, Vietnam would be the spring­ and that is the armed force we maintain to HON. JOHN M. MURPHY prevent it. This is what negotiation means OF NEW YORK board for an eventual hold over this entire · area and the isolation, through control of to the Communists. To me, it is naive be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the sea passages, of the subcontinent of Aus- yond belief to think that Peiping would tralia. Not a pleasant prospect. · honor for a second any agreement in Viet­ Friday, March 5, 1965 nam that we did not enforce with mmtary Fed by Vietnam and free of U.S. inter­ Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. power. ference, Red China could devote its full The Red Chinese respect only superior Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ attention to its timetable for expansion. force. We have it--and they know it. In marks in the RECORD, I include my ad­ Thailand and Laos, already riddled by Com­ every instance in which we have met their dress of February 26, . 1965, before an munist infiltration, would fall like ripe power plays-and those of the Russians-the open meeting of Mahresa Council, plums. Malaysia could hardly escape the Communists have backed down. The late Knights of Columbus, Staten Island, same fate and, in time, Peiping would look President Kennedy's confrontation of Khru­ toward Burma, India, Taiwan, Japan, Oki­ shchev in the Cuban missile crisis seems to N.Y. nawa and even the Ph111ppines. To most I want to extend my greetings to Rt. have been forgotten, as has President Tru­ Americans, it comes as a shock to think man's firm decision to keep Berlin open via Rev. Msgr. Joh!). A. McGowan; district that the Philippines, so tied to us histori­ airlift in the face of Moscow's dire threats. deputy, Ross Calimano; grand knight, cal~y. could possibly fall into the Communist More recently, there have been our reprisals John McHugh; State auxiliary chairman sphere, but anti-Americanism, skillfully ·against North Vietnam for its guerrllla raids for membership, Walter Lawler; council fanned by Communist propaganda, has al­ on U.S. bases in South Vietnam. President membership chairman, Bob Muller; and ready infected the islands. Johnson's prompt retaliatory action quite Silvie C. Luongo, chairman of the meet­ Make no mistake about it-Peiping does obviously took Peiping by surprise. It ing. have a timetable. Mao Tse-tung himself seemed the "paper tiger" had claws, after all. has boasted that time is working for Red There was the usual bluster, vague threats The address follows: China, that his hit-and-run guerr1lla tactics of massive Red attacks on South Vietnam, Ladies and gentlemen, just this week the will wear out our patience, if not this month, and the usual show of solidarity on the part 300th American serviceman was k1lled in then the next. He hopes that in our preoc­ of the Communist satellites. But nothing Vietnam. a grim statistic that brings home cupation with Vietnam we will overlook the has happened. Again, firmness proved the better than anything else the quickening all-important fact that it is the keystone to only possible policy. pace of the struggle against Communist Peiping's hoped-for power structure in This recent history should make it crystal encroachment in southeast Asia. The southeast Asia. If we pull out of Vietnam clear that there is no hope of negotiating mounting casualty list will lend emphasis to we must make a stand somewhere else even­ any acceptable settlement of the Vietnam the arguments of those who feel, and hon­ tually; and by pulling out we make the next struggle with Peiping. "Neutralization" in estly, that the United States should either stand even more difficult for ourselves and their dictionary means surrender. They can pull out of Vietnam or seek, by indirect easier for Red China. And where do we be dealt with only from strength, and Presi­ negotiation with Red China, to arrive at an finally draw the line? In Hawaii? In my dent Johnson has demonstrated that this is uneasy truce in which we could somehow view, it is far better to make the stand the administration's policy. bail ourselves out · without loss of global where it hurts Peiping the most--in Viet­ To sum up: We cannot pull out of South prestige. nam. By depriving Red China of this rice Vietnam without irreparable damage to our Tonight, I would like to examine these bowl, we hold a tremendous advantage. It international prestige and erosion of our own arguments. But first let me try to answer would be folly to let it go by default. national security. We cannot negotiate ex­ a question that is being asked more and · The other argument, that we should nego­ cept on the basis of armed force, as we did in more these days, Why did we become in­ tiate a settlement, is more persuasive, Korea. That leaves us only one recourse--to volved in Vietnam in the first place? The since-at first glance-it offers us a solution stand our ground, to meet force with force answer goes back a dozen years, when the with honor and no loss of prestige. Even until the Red Chinese understand that the French were locked in a losing battle against now, diplomatic feelers are out from London American will is as firm as their own, that the forces of North Vietnam's Communist and Paris to gage the reaction in Peiping. the American patience is as enduring as boss, Ho Chi Minh. This war, as you will But Peiping has already reacted. On Wednes­ theirs, and that the American capacity for remember, ended in the disastrous defeat day, Premier Chou En-lai belligerently de­ sacrifice is as deep as theirs. The Japanese of the French at Dienbienphu. We were clared that Red China would consider no and Nazis learned of American resoluteness heavily committed to aiding the French settlement at all until we withdrew our in World War II, the Russians learned it in and, when they were driven out, we were forces from South Vietnam, completely, im­ the Cuban crisis, and the Red Chinese must left as the only Western power able to pro- mediately and unconditionally. Yet even in learn it in South Vietnam. Thank you. 4270 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March ·· 5, 19-65 on TVOR's and VHF/DF equipment appro­ tion of the continuing political warfare Slow Flight in a· Peace Offensive priately installed throughout the country. throughout the world. In planning criteria, the requirements for Every one of us in this room has a burning EXTENSION OF REMARKS £t! establishment of airport control towers desire to achieve and maintain an everlasting OP should be more fiexible so as to meet the peace, with. justice under freedom in all safety needs of a specific airport without corners of the globe. But who in the free HON. 'DON . H. CLAUSEN having to fight the numbers rack_et of 24,000 world is naive enough to think we can expect annual itinerant operations. to let down our guard with the constant OF CALIFORNIA The combined station-tower is a good, eco­ threat of advancing subversive communism, • IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic, effective facility that could be used a threat that demands our immediate and Friday, March 5, 1965 to serve a lot of the smaller, less active air­ constant attention. ports. I also believe the criteria for putting The moon shot, the astronauts' orbital Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, in a .combined station-tower, where we al­ flights, missiles, space weapons systems and it is my own firm belief that aviation ready have a manned station, should be platforms are programs fammar to all of us leaders in this country must concentrate something less demanding than the require­ because they dominate the TV, radio, and ments for a new tower, where one has not news media as these programs and achieve­ more research and engineering on how been in operation before. ments are revealed to the public at large. to fly airplanes slower. I am also con­ Further, I hope we can look forward to While these achievements are spectacular vinced that these smaller, slower air­ opening up our long-range radar systems to and worthy of the Nation's acclaim, I would craft can be a major tool in exporting VFR ge;neral aviation use. With added com­ like to reflect on a few thoughts that have American know-how and political sta­ munications provided, the direct radar steers _come to my mind as I view the entire aviation bility to remote, developing areas of the from the center controner to a pilot in trou­ picture. It is the duty and responsib111ty world. ble could be a great boon to the safety in of those of us holding positions of political operations. leadership to speak out if we feel a program Detailed remarks were presented by One of the major problems that must be is not sufficient or in keeping with the de­ me to the joint convention of several resolved-if we are to expand general avia­ mands of the times. aviation associations in Long Beach, tion-ls to make it more desirable to retain I believe we are reaching a point in his­ Calif., last December 3. Because of the and expand our community airport complex. tory where some serious questions need to great interest in these remarks, I include Airports near communities are disappearing be asked-questions relating to the proper them in the official RECORD of this body with increased land values and/or zonJng development of aircraft and transportation so they may be easily available to all restrictions. To protect airport operations systems designed to enhance our security so vita11y necessary to our overall community posture in a troubled and rapidly changing Members and the public: growth, the general aviation community must world. During the last session of Congress, a ver­ organize a stronger effort to promote a well To illustrate my point, I will propound itable "bombshell" exploded with the Fed­ developed system of airports throughout our this question-hopefully to stimulate your eral Aviation Agency directive to close a counties and States. Unless landing space thinking in the direction of the realistic number of the flight service stations . . This is available, opportunities for industrial ex­ political problems facing this Nation and directive brought into action one of the best pansion wm always be restricted. Further, our free world friends: Why are we spending coordinated and most unified efforts on the we must look to the near future and the so much time, money and talent heading part of the general aviation community that greatly expanded use of the helicopter for for the moon and other planets when the I have seen in a long time. intracity, intercity commuter and commer­ major problems to be dealt with are here on In a free society, it is always difficult to cial purposes. earth and are primarily economic and politi­ stir people into action and it is often said The States working in cooperation with cal? The general response, obviously, would that few people get involved unless you tap local units of government must exercise be to suggest that -the moon project is an their pocketbooks. Well, this directive must a role of leadership in developing an intra­ integral part of our defense effort, due to the have hit the most sensitive nerve of the state system of airports with an adequate engineering and technological advances asso­ entire general aviation community because program of finance-in addition to the na­ ciated with the program. No one can argue your response was tremendous. tional airport program-if we are to keep this point. Some of you have said you were pleased pace with the potential demands of the For the past decade, there has been a pre­ to see some Members of Congress with avia­ future. dominance of concentration on programs to tion backgrounds participating in the hear­ These are but a few of the recommenda­ increase the speed of aircraft and space ve­ ings. The success of our effort suggests that tions that I believe your organizations can hicles and now the FAA has under develop­ you have an increasing number of Congress­ make as we jointly work toward a more re­ ment the supersonic transport. men and Senators who are pilots in their sponsive balance in our aviation needs. While I am not in disagreement with the own right and a large group who find utili­ As we review the great technological and need for maintaining our position of super­ zation of aircraft adds materially to the serv­ engineering achievements in the aviation sonic aeronautical leadership in the world, ice of their districts. I only mention this and space programs over the past decade, we I am firmly convinced that not enough at­ to remind you there is an increasing aware­ must applaud the great talents among the tention has been given to how slow we can ness of the flexib111ty that only general avia- people responsible for these accomplish­ fly an aircraft. ·tion-type aircraft can provide. ments. Also, we must recognize the tremen­ As interested participants of this conven­ Let me be the first to remind you, how­ dous contributions made to our communi­ tion, I think you should join me in calling ever, the responsib111ty for maintaining this cations and transportation systems for a complete reappraisal of our Nations' capability must remain in your hands. You throughout the world. The potential to aeronautical objectives-strongly requesting must continue to organize your legislative benefit mankind is seemingly unlimited. that more research and engineering be con- recommendations. Conversely, the potential to destroy mankind centrated in the slow-flight category. . For years, the commercial and military still remains as the most frightening As we look to improve the safety in oper­ aviation interests have been dominating the thought of our time. It ls to this end that ations of our aircraft what finer, more congressional scene and, I frankly submit, the I should like to address a few remarks. realistic program could be advocated? considerations for general aviation demands Many of us in America with extensive Much has been done in this field but surely have been totally inadequate in view of the aviation backgrounds have seen the general the surface has only been scratched. I re­ rapid expansion and diversified use of this aviation fleet grow from a few small 40- cently visited the fine research program ef type aircraft. This remark, of course, is not horsepower Piper Cubs to our present-day Mississippi State University under the very intended to discredit the commercial and equipment where business now recognizes capable direction of Dr. Joe Cornish. My m111tary but simply to spell out some of the the company aircraft as an indispensable friend and colleague, Congressman JoHN political facts of life. tool in the promotion and expansion of their BELL WILLIAMS, chairman of the House Sub- The new, more fiexible concept in fiight enterprises. The flexibility and general util­ . committee on Transportation and Aeronau­ service stations recommended by the FAA ity of nonscheduled aircraft has increased tics, has asked me to visit and evaluate their after the general aviation community ob­ trade areas to be served and permits highly program. I became most enthusiastic over jected, is a strong case in point. Flexi­ competent executives to expand their talents what I saw-concentrated research on slow bility in criteria to meet the rapidly changing to regions heretofore considered to be in­ fiight. In discussing the pro·gress of their general aviation needs has, in my judg­ accessible. program with Dr. Cornish, I asked, "What do ment, been long overdue. Safety and serv­ With this in mind and further recognizing you need to expedite the research effort?" ice are almost synonymous, and maximum the ultimate horizons available for develop­ He said, "Mr. CLAUSEN, we need brainpower reliability of commercial schedules is entirely ment internationally, it would appear most and more engineering talents directed toward dependent upon adequate navigation and appropriate that I challenge this great avia­ the slow-fiight concept." He continued, "In landing aids. tion organization to "take off your blinders" this age of space and nuclear weaponry, all Now that our VOR installations-which and recognize some of the international of the concentration of engineering talents were programea and justified on a basis of political facts of life. It is you who should are channeled toward the more spectacular IFR needs-are nearly completed-I believe reinventory your objectives and consider the defense and space requirements." In short, we should now direct our attention to pro­ current trends in directing our engineering we cannot attract enough of our young en­ graming navaids for VFR use, with emphasis talents, again, with a more realistic evalua- gineers to enter the slow-flight field. Conse- March 5, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4271 quently; engineering breakthrough in this emphasis on promoting self-sufficiency in government close to the people, I would ur­ important field has not kept pace with other the environment people live. The lack of gently recommend that this program be ex­ achievements." adequate roads and tax sources or funds to panded in our own country and further be Gentlemen, I believe this is a tragic mis­ build them, points to the need for expanded included in the curriculum of the Freedom take and must be corrected-not only be­ use of aircraft. But, financial restrictions Academy. Consultation with city, county, cause of our interests in safety, but also in also limit the size and quality of airports­ and school district organizations throughout the interest of our Nation's security. This pointing again clearly to the dramatic need this great Nation would provide a large pool brings me to my favorite topic of aviation for slow-flight aircraft. of information urgently needed in these de­ education and the overwhelming demand to We must continue to meet our military veloping nations. place a priority on including this important aviation needs, including the expanded re­ Soviet trade and their tactics in political subject in our Nation's school systems. quirement for guerrilla warfare and counter­ warfare is one of the chief weapons in the We find ourselves firmly entrenched in the insurgency, and we firmly agree that a Communist arsenal. The Soviet economic of­ space age but a specific program to indoc­ totally superior military force is mandatory. fensive is being felt in all quarters of the trinate and orient our young people toward With this in mind, I would like to briefly world. The news is filled with rebellious ac­ aviation at an early age is minimal to say present some of my ideas for meeting the tivities-the most recent of which has been the least. I have been told the Soviet Union Communist idealogical subversive forces in in Algeria, Egypt, Panama, Vietnam, the Con­ far surpasses our efforts in this field. the many countries of the world. And, as go, Laos, and Zanzibar. The Red Chinese I have long been an advocate of aviation well informed, dedicated aviation people, I are the instigators of much of this agita­ education and flight training, where practi­ am certain you will immediately see the tion. cable in the schools of America. To this exceptional role aircraft could play in ex­ We in America, lliust step up our offensive. end, I have been working to establish pro­ pediting the basic objectives of my flying The question arises-How? Should the Gov­ grams for high schools and colleges in my peace offensive. ernment do this? In my judgment, the Gov­ congressional district and have formulated During the past year, I have attended the ernment is the least equipped to carry out plans to expand this to schools in other parts regular State Department briefings available a successful direct program because of limita­ of the country. to Members of Congress. I studied all avail­ tions placed on it. Under proper guidance and leadership, a able material that I could get my hands on; Government-to·-government programs have program of this type could be the prime I participated in study groups with some of failed miserably in foreign aid. The major motivator for young students to direct, at an my colleagues; I interviewed and exchanged talents of this country lie in the private early age, their time, energies, and attention ideas with people considered to be experts sector. to the intrigue and fascinations of aeronau­ in their fields, including diplomats, ambas­ In addition to current programs, I .want to tics and aeronautical engineering. sadors, military men, international lawyers, vigorously recommend that the leaders of our In order to accomplish this, however, I bankers, labor leaders, and economists, mis­ private enterprise system recognize a new have concluded that a more dramatic dem­ sionary volunteers as they returned from respomibility of providing for our security. onstration of the need for concentration on such stations as Laos, India, the Congo, Bor­ They mm:t take the lead in projecting an slow flight is necessary. During my first neo, Brazil, Peru, Mexico, Central America­ idealogical offensive truly representative of term in the Congress, I have discussed my to name a few. our private enterprise system-it is they who proposal with key members of the House Ed­ With this background of information, I are the most qualified to lead. The Congress ucation and Aeronautics Subcommittees and have joined some of my colleagues in pro­ might consider broadening the incentives to have found them most receptive to the idea. moting the Freedom Academy concept--a expedi.te the formation of such a program. In the coming session, I intend to ask the concept with a sole objective of winning the We must step up the people-to-people appropriate congressional subcommittee to cold war--designed to take advantage of the effort--an expansion designed to promote consider aviation education as a part of our unlimited material and human resource the joint venture concept between investors broad vocational education programs. We available in the private sector. A plan that of our country and investors of interested have driver training-why not flight train­ places more emphasis in the private sector developing nations. ing? and less emphasis in the public sector as We must rededicate ourselves to capitalist If I view the international situation in its we advance this proven concept of foreign principles. Private enterprise is substan­ proper perspective, I believe our greatest policy. · tially better qualified than Government to challenge lies in the earliest development of The U.S. Government, in its efforts to ·stem sell capitalism abroad. Acts, not words, will an economic, polltical, psychological and the Communist tide, has poured b11lions of counter communism. Many of our economic ideological offensive that is designed to win dollars annually 1nto military, economic, and ideas and ideals can be exported. the cold war and promote peace and free­ technical aid to foreign nations. One of our major problems is, of course, dom throughout the world. The United Anyone who has followed international the problem of education. Many of our States must not only maintain her defense problems closely wm immediately conclude schools of business and public administra­ posture but must also implement her own that one of the fundamental problems is the tion can help. The Agricultural Extension peace offensive. In this rapidly changing absence of political stability. In my judg­ Service, which has worked so successfully world, a defense posture by itself is not ment, this is a result of an inadequate sys­ in this country, could be implemented as enough. Many of you in this room, I am tem of government. Compare any of these we work to raise their educational fac111ties sure, are former athletes. Let me ask you, to the system of government we have been and their literacy rate. "How many ball games did you win by de­ able to enjoy under this great Constitution The correspondence school idea should voting all of your time and attention to of ours. A Federal system that provides a certainly be recommended as a program to defense strategy?" Let's face it, you didn't maximum opportunity for political partici­ promote worldwide education. win unless you had a better offense. pation by its electorate-a system that only The many great service clubs operating The challenge to America and indeed the functions at the will of the people or by con­ internationally, such as the Rotary, Kiwanis, free world is really the development of an sent of the governed. and Lions, can and must expand their sphere ideological offensive of our own. Some of Without question, these nations' great­ of influence. this is already going on, but not enough. est need is political aid-we must export The Boy and Girl Scouts of America, the Many of us in the Congress share this view knowledge and know-how in this vital field. 4-H Clubs, and the various church mission­ and I predic.t you wm see an implementation This type of political aid could be made ary volunteer programs are but a few of our of this concept in the not too distant future. available to the present and future leaders great voluntary organizations dedicated to One would ask, "What does slow flight and of those nations who are currently living the improvement of our fellow men. aviation safety have to do with the political under the umbrella of our military and eco­ I spoke recently in Fort Worth, Tex., before problems of the world?" Again, I submit, nomic security. the junior chamber of commerce. These the aircraft--rotary and fixed wing alike­ A Freedom Academy could train such lead­ young men can change the world if we have can potentially become our most effective ers in techniques for counteracting the prop­ the program to properly channel their vehicle as we move to establish our peace aganda of the Communists. These same efforts. offensive. Why not load airplanes with leaders could be trained on how to transmit Small business is a facet of American life Americans and other international advocates knowledge in behalf of legitimate constitu­ that is devasting to the promoters of Soviet of freedom-all qualified and dedicated to tional government--freedom of thought, communism. The word "capitalism" is the promotion of peace and freedom with freedom of expression, freedom of economic under worldwide attack. The words "small justice, under law. opportunity, the right to assemble peaceably, business" are the end of the rainbow for We need aircraft that wm maximize the full religious liberty, and other basics of a many millions of people. The fact that we, capabilities of these individuals and permit free society as opposed to a totalitarian as a nation, have recognized small businesses access to remote sections of the world. We state. as a vital part of our economic life and have must · immediately export knowledge and In California, the County Supervisors• As­ shown governmental interesit in them is know-how to the underdeveloped nations of sociation has initiated an intern fellowship revolutionary to the thinking of those who the world. training program, financed through private have condemned America as 'being mate­ With the overwhelming needs ·of the world capital, for young men interested in local rialistic and dominated by big business. and the staggering costs involved, it de­ government. With local government being Nothing will appeal to people in distant mands our consideration of the most effective virtually nonexistent in many countries, lands more than to be brought face to face and efficient means available, with prime thereby restricting participation in a unit o! with the !act that small business is a vital 4272 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE March 8, 1965 part of America. We in the United States rate associations, savings and loan associ­ full use of the things in which we excel and have a vast reservoir of ideas that for some ations, finance and managerial organizations in which the Communists are deficient. reason have never really been tried. We are Just a few examples of what can be done. "We cannot, as a general rule, surpass a must test and implement these ideas to find If just a few more organizations would light young oriental guerrma fighter, who doesn't new solutions to old problems. their own candles, study the situation, and mind the heat, who can get along on a daily ·Voluntary agencies are as representative find where their members particular talents handful of rice, and who can lie underwater of American capitalism as any other con­ and resources fit, perhaps by their efforts for hours at a time, breathing through a temporary institution. There are hundreds world tensions could be considerably eased. straw. · of trade associations here that might well In the· April 17 issue of Life magazine, "But we can do better in other things such apportion a part of their income to send former Ambassador to Vietnam, Henry Cabot as the use of airplanes, the art of medicine, businessmen abroad, without Government Lodge, set forth, in a very forthright and improved farming and education, and the de­ subsidy, to do a better job of interpreting and provocative article, a detailed analysis of velopment of an energetic political system, selling America. the problems facing the United States in based on justice." There are many examples of voluntary southeast Asia. · It is to this end that I shall dedicate my agencies-from profit entity business, the Partially quoting Ambassador Lodge, he efforts as I serve in the Congress of the supermarket organizations, nonprofit corpo- said, "We should be sure that we are making United States.

MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT­ Manpower problems are many and SENATE MANPOWER REPORT; NOMINA­ ever changing. But several are para­ mount-and call for the highest priori­ MONDAY, MARCH 8, 1965 TION OF WALTER M. KOTSCHNIG TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ties in manpower policy. The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, UNITED STATES TO THE 21ST The No. 1 problem is still unemploy­ and was called t.o order by the Vice ment. Despite recent improvements, SESSION OF THE ECONOMIC COM­ unemployment and underemployment President. MISSION FOR ASIA AND THE FAR The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown are intolerably high, particularly for Harris, D.D., offered the following EAST OF THE ECONOMIC AND SO­ those lacking education, skills, or oppor­ prayer: CIAL COUNCIL OF THE UNITED tunity because of poverty and discrim­ NATIONS ination. O Lord and Master of us all, 'midst A second problem relates to the needs the tumult of these earth-shaking days The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate, for appropriate of the great number of new young job­ with all their angry fury, with contrite seekers. An unprecedented increase is spirits we come t.o this shrine of Thy reference, two messages from the Presi­ dent of the United States, received on occurring at a time when the rate of grace, seeking the unshaken confidence youth unemployment is already three of those whose minds are stayed on March 5 pursuant to the order adopted by the Senate on March 4, as follows: times greater than adult unemployment. Thee. A third major problem concerns rapid In all the din of clamorous hours, First, manpower report of the President: and second, the nomination of Walter M. change that burdens many workers and may our hearts and minds be steadied communities, even while benefiting the as each day there dawns the sweet con­ Kotschnig to be representative of the United States to the 21st session of the economy generally. Technological sciousness that we are with Thee. change can be the key to ever-greater In this assurance, which makes the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East of the Economic and Social prosperity and individual opportunity. strength of each as the strength of 10, But it also brings the growth of new de­ may those who in this .Chamber of gov­ Council of the United Nations. The message from the President was mands and the decline of old ones, re­ ernance speak for a free people be de­ adjustments in Government programs, livered from the subtle lures of office and referred t.o the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, as follows: migration of people from rural t.o urban from the arrogance which lurks always .areas, and other changes that require in power. In these stern days on stormy MANPOWER REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT difficult adjustments. seas, with so many false lights on the To the Congress of the United States: A fourth problem concerns jobs that shore, strengthen the national will, we I report on a year of progress toward remain undeveloped. Despite high levels beseech Thee, to halt at any cost the an active manpower policy. of unemployment and vast numbers of design of tyrants drunk with sight of We have raised employment and low­ new workers and workers being released power, who would bring us and all ered unemployment through programs: from outmoded work, the desires and people under their slavish rule. to stimulate more employment opportu­ needs of many consumers, businesses, Spending our brief years here as a nities; to upgrade the skills and adapta­ and communities for additional services tale that is t.old, may it be t.o the last bility of our work force; and to link the are not being adequately met. page a record of service well done, of two-jobs and men-more effectively. These are the immediate challenges duty faced without flinching, and of Much remains to be done. We are for an affirmative manpower policy: to honor unsullied; and when come·s · the still far from the goals of the Great open the way to employment for the un­ twilight and the evening star, and our Society. dereducated and poverty stricken; to work is done, grant us a safe lodging and Each ·individual must have a fair provide our young people with opportu­ a holy rest and peace at the last. chance t.o develop his abilities and to nities for education, training, and con­ We ask it in the dear Redeemer's name. engage in productive and rewarding structive work experience needed for sat­ Amen. activity. In the Great Society, all men isfying adult worklife; to ease the sting must have the self-respect and economic of change for displaced workers and dis­ THE JOURNAL security that flow from full use of their rupted communities; to develop and fill On request by Mr. MANSFIELD, and by talents. jobs, especially in the service occupa­ unanimous consent, the reading of the Remarkable advances of science must tions, to satisfy unmet needs in business, Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, be directed to permit increasing freedom at home, and in the community. March 4, 1965, was dispensed with. of choice in shaping the character and We can and shall meet these chal­ quality of our world. We have the Po­ lenges. But while I focus here on Fed­ tential in terms of manpower and ma­ eral Government activities, success can MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT terial resources to apply new knowledge come only through cooperation and hard RECEIVED DURING ADJOURN­ and techniques to insure that the life of work at all levels of government and by MENT all sectors of our society. all Americans-at home and at work­ Many policies are involved. Economic Under authority of the order of the can be more creative, more productive, policy will have to promote nec'essary Senate of March 4, 1965. and more satisfying. Although we may overall economic growth. Policymaking The Secretary of the Senate reported not fully realize our goal of "human related to scientific, social welfare, that on March 5, 1965, he received mes­ work for human beings" in our lifetime, health, education, and other fields will sages in writing from the President of we can make dramatic progress toward have t.o recognize manpower implications the United States. that goal in this generation. and objectives.