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ACTH Community Profile Iraq.Pdf Iraq There is great diversity and change within communities and people do not fit into a pre-determined and unchanging cultural box or stereotype. The information presented here will not apply to all people from Iraq in Australia and this profile should be considered as guidance only. For example, while the 2011 Census provides useful and reliable data on a large number of characteristics, the dynamic nature of the communities means that important demographic changes may have occurred since 2011. Key things to know: Various conflicts have been People from Iraq may be ongoing in Iraq since the 1980s. unfamiliar with the Australian Many different languages are health system. spoken in Iraq. The most common Iraq-born people may wish to take language spoken is Arabic. Other traditional medicines, eat special languages spoken are Kurdish and food and use prayer to help them Assyrian. recover from some illnesses. It is very important to provide an Make sure patients feel interpreter when needed, and to comfortable to ask questions make sure the interpreter speaks about their treatment if needed. the right language. People from Iraq, especially Iraq is home to many different women, may prefer to be seen by ethnic groups. Some of these health staff of the same gender. ethnic groups have experienced Iraq-born people may associate persecution. mental illness with severe stigma, The most common religion in Iraq and be reluctant to access mental is Islam, which is followed by 99% health services. of the population. Iraq-born Cost of services or treatments may Muslims may be Shi’a or Sunni. be a concern for Iraq-born people. Some Iraq-born people settling in Make sure patients know about Australia are asylum seekers and out-of-pocket costs up front. refugees, who may have a history Ongoing conflict in and around Iraq of trauma and displacement. may be a source of stress for Iraqi migrants in Australia. For an interpreter, call 131 450 for the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS). If you don’t know your TIS client code, contact the Multicultural Health Policy Unit by phone on (02) 6205 1011 or email at [email protected]. Iraq 2011 Census data: Iraq-born people Population (Australia): 48,171 peoplei Population (ACT): 320 peoplei Gender ratio (Australia): 106.6 males per 100 femalesii Median age (Australia): The median age of Iraq-born people was 37 years compared with 45 years for all overseas-born peopleii and 37 years for the total Australian population.iii Age distribution of Iraq-born people Iraq-born arrivals, past five yearsiv (ACT, 2011):ii Year Australia ACT Age (years) Number Per cent 2010 2,406 20 0-19 73 23 2011 3,835 21 20-39 125 39 2012 2,586 21 40-59 95 30 2013 4,923 8 60+ 28 9 2014 2,885 30 Migration history Ethnicity Since the early 1980s Iraq has experienced Iraq is home to many different ethnic groups, successive wars, oppression, and political and including:v economic sanctions resulting in the displacement Ethnicity Percentage of of at least nine million people, with population approximately seven million people leaving the Arab 75-80 country and two million being displaced within vii Kurdish 15-20 Iraq. Turkmen, Assyrian and Less than 5 The humanitarian crisis in Iraq has included other groups sectarian violence between the two main Muslim groups, the Sunni and the Shi’a, and violence Language perpetrated against non-Muslim religious Arabic and Kurdish are official languages in Iraq. minorities.viii Turkmen and Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic) are official Many recent arrivals from Iraq have come to languages in areas where they are spoken by a Australia under the Humanitarian Program. The majority of the population. Armenian is also Gulf War and the quelling of uprisings of the spoken. Shi'a and the Kurds in Iraq resulted in an increase Religion in the number of Iraqis coming to Australia after The majority (99 per cent) of people in Iraq are 1991. Muslim. Of these, around 60-65 per cent are Increased places in the Refugee and Special Shi’a Muslim and 32-37 per cent are Sunni Humanitarian Programs were allocated to Middle Muslim. One per cent of the population follow East refugees and, during 1991 and 1992, other religions, including Christianity.vi Australia accepted about 2,000 Iraqi refugees. An increasing proportion of more recent arrivals have come under the Family and Skilled Migration categories. Australia's Iraq-born population includes Kurds, Assyrians, Armenians, Turks, Turkmens and Jewish people.ix Iraq Ancestry, language and religion Communication and respect in the ACT (2011 Census data)ii Health care providers should not assume that all Iraq-born people identify as Muslim. Some The most common ancestry responses† of people may have left Iraq for reasons related to Iraq-born people in the ACT were: religious persecution. Ancestry Percentage of population Doctors and other health care providers are Iraqi 55 often well accepted and respected by Arabic Arab, not further 20 speaking community members. Older Iraq-born defined people may ask health care providers for advice Assyrian 7 on a variety of heath matters, including those Kurdish 6 unrelated to their field of expertise. An additional 68 people in the ACT, who were Iraq-born Muslim women may wear a hijab (head not born in Iraq, identified Iraqi ancestry; an scarf) or other head/body covering while in additional 41 people identified Kurdish ancestry; public or when in the company of strangers. This and an additional 24 people identified Assyrian may be for cultural or religious reasons. ancestry. Iraq-born Muslim people may prefer not to make The most common religions of Iraq-born people physical contact (e.g., shaking hands) with the in the ACT were: opposite gender. Some patients may also prefer to be seen by a health care provider (and Religion Percentage of population interpreter, if needed) of the same gender. Islam 60 Western Catholic 27 Iraq-born people may see showing respect for No religion, nfd 4 older people to be very important, especially Assyrian Church 3 older family members. Caring for older people of the East may be considered a religious duty, especially for Muslims. Older people may also be expected to The most common languages spoken at home by play a large role in family and community Iraq-born people in the ACT were: decision making. However, families may prefer Language Percentage of that information about a family member’s health population is given to the closest family member first (e.g., Arabic 83 the eldest son or daughter), before the family English 9 decides whether/how to tell the patient. Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 5 It is considered respectful to ask how an Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 2 Iraq-born person would like to be addressed.x Iraq-born people in the ACT spoke English at the Health in Australia following levels of proficiency: In 2012, average life expectancy in Iraq was 70 Proficiency Percentage of years (66 years for males, 74 years for females) population compared to 83 years for the total Australian Very well 37 population (81 years for males, 85 years for xi Well 37 females). Not well 15 Iraq is one of the most common source countries Not at all 2 for people in Australia living with chronic Not stated/not applicable 9 xii hepatitis B. † At the 2011 Census, up to two responses per person were allowed for the ancestry question. These figures represent people that identified the given ancestry in either response. Iraq In 2003-2004 in WA, testing for infectious Iraq-born Muslims may wish to follow certain diseases showed that 11 per cent of refugees traditions around childbirth and breastfeeding, from the Middle East, including Iraq, were such as the father reciting a prayer into a exposed to hepatitis B, 4 per cent tested positive newborn baby’s ear, or burying the placenta. It is for giardia, and at least 20 per cent tested advisable to ask parents what traditions, if any, positive for tuberculosis.xiii they wish to follow, and be told if their wishes cannot be accommodated for clinical reasons. Iraqi refugees have been shown to have higher This is also the case for traditions related to rates of untreated tooth decay than the xiv death, e.g., handling the body in a certain way. Australia-born population. A small study found that only 15 percent had no untreated decayed Iraq-born Muslim patients may wish to fast at teeth and more than 10 percent had high decay certain times, such as the month of Ramadan. levels.xv Some people, such as the sick, are not strictly required to fast but may still wish to do so. Iraqi refugees have also been shown to have high Fasting safely should be discussed with rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), xxiii xvi,xvii patients. anxiety and depression. There may be a strong stigma associated with From 1981 to 2007, migrants born in Middle mental illness among Iraq-born people. This may Eastern countries, including Iraq, had lower rates lead to reluctance to access mental health of deaths from all cancers combined compared xxiv xviii services. A study of adolescent refugees from with the Australian-born population. Iraq found that most had low mental health Health beliefs and practices literacy, and more would seek help from friends Some Iraq-born people may use western for psychosocial problems than any other source, including professional services. Low trust of medicine as well as herbal remedies or xxv traditional healing practices.xix professional services was a key barrier. Iraq-born Muslims may see taking care of their Some people from rural areas of Iraq follow health (e.g., by eating nutritious food) as a traditional health beliefs and practices that can religious obligation.xx They may also wish to include supernatural agents such as evil eye, follow a halal diet, which involves certain witchcraft, sin, envy and bad luck, and often seek restrictions such as no pork or alcohol traditional healers.
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