DOCSLIB.ORG

What Are the Obstacles to the Integration of Iraqi Muslim Shiite Refugees in Sydney, Australia?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
What Are the Obstacles to the Integration of Iraqi Muslim Shiite Refugees in Sydney, Australia? UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION What are the obstacles to the integration of Iraqi Muslim Shiite refugees in Sydney, Australia? Makki Ilaj 2014 This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney DEDICATION To my wife, Zulfikar, Mohammad Reda, Fatima, and Mohammad Hassan who has supported this long journey. To my country which inspired me and gave the power to conduct this thesis. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to my supervisors, Associate Professor Carol Reid, and Dr. Katina Zammit for being generous with their time, honest in their appraisals, and their patience as I’ve worked to finish this PhD. You are the most generous ladies I have had the pleasure of working with. I would like to sincerely thank the Iraqi community for their support and encouragement … you have my full attention now! Thank you to Sheikh Mohammad Al Semiany, Dr. Christine Halse and Dr. Helen McCue. A special thank to the staff of School of Education, especially Markie Lugton, Kathy Watson, Lei Cameron and to my fellow students in Building 22. ii STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICATION The work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original except as acknowledged in the text. I hereby declare that I have not submitted this material, either in full or part, for a degree at this or any other institution. Makki Ilaj March 2014 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ..................................................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................... II STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICATION......................................................III TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................... IV LIST OF APPENDICES .....................................................................VIII LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................. IX LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................. X ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................. XI ABSTRACT .....................................................................................XII CHAPTER 1: THE RESEARCH PROBLEM............................................. 1 1.1 Introduction...................................................................................1 1.2 The Importance of the Research .................................................4 1.3 The Research Problem .................................................................5 1.4 The Research Questions..............................................................6 1.5 The Structure of the Thesis .........................................................7 CHAPTER 2: A SOCIO-HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF IRAQ AND ITS PEOPLE....................................................................... 10 2.1 Iraq: Historical Background.......................................................10 2.2 Socio-cultural Dynamics of Iraqi People ..................................15 2.2.1 Ethnic groups................................................................................ 15 2.2.2 Religions ....................................................................................... 19 2.2.3 Languages ..................................................................................... 20 2.2.4 Marginalization of Iraqi Shiites .................................................... 21 2.3 History of Muslim and Iraqi Immigration to Australia..............24 2.4 Iraqi Family and the Immigration Journey................................26 2.5 Australian Demography and Settlement Policies ....................29 2.6 Conclusion ..................................................................................30 CHAPTER 3: THEORIES OF INTEGRATION ......................................... 32 3.1 Introduction.................................................................................32 3.2 Voluntary and Involuntary Immigration ....................................32 iv 3.3 Voluntary and Involuntary Immigration ....................................33 3.3.1 Refugees........................................................................................ 34 3.3.2 Asylum seekers............................................................................. 37 3.3.3 Immigrants.................................................................................... 39 3.4 The Concept of Integration ........................................................41 3.4.1 Interation, meaning and application.............................................. 41 3.4.2 Levels of integration ..................................................................... 44 Coexistence ........................................................................................................44 Adaptation..........................................................................................................45 Appreciation.......................................................................................................46 Commitment .......................................................................................................46 Cooperation........................................................................................................46 Participation ......................................................................................................46 3.4.3 Types of integration...................................................................... 47 Social integration ...............................................................................................47 Educational integration......................................................................................55 Economic integration .........................................................................................58 Religious integration..........................................................................................64 Political integration ...........................................................................................68 Linguistic integration .........................................................................................72 Civic integration.................................................................................................77 3.5 The Relationship Between Australian immigration and integration Policies.....................................................................84 3.5.1 White Australia policy.................................................................. 84 3.5.2 Assimilation.................................................................................. 87 3.5.3 Integration..................................................................................... 91 3.5.4 Multiculturalism............................................................................ 92 3.6 Conclusion ..................................................................................99 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 101 4.1 Introduction...............................................................................101 4.2 Approach ...................................................................................101 4.3 Research Design.......................................................................104 4.4 Questionnaire............................................................................104 4.4.1 Language of questions ................................................................ 105 4.4.2 Piloting process........................................................................... 106 4.4.3 Elements of the questionnaire..................................................... 108 4.4.4 Administering the questionnaire................................................. 111 4.4.5 Sampling and selection methods................................................. 111 4.5 Interviews ..................................................................................113 4.5.1 Interview process........................................................................ 116 4.5.2 Interview design.......................................................................... 120 4.5.3 Participant sample....................................................................... 123 Description of participants...............................................................................124 v 4.6 Ethical Issues............................................................................127 4.7 Analysis Strategy......................................................................130 4.7.1 Personal narrative....................................................................... 131 4.8 Research Limitations................................................................132 4.9 Data Analysis ............................................................................133 4.9.1 Questionnaire.............................................................................. 134 4.9.2 Interviews.................................................................................... 135 4.10 Conclusion ................................................................................137 CHAPTER 5: QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS ......................................... 138 5.1 Introduction...............................................................................138 5.2 Demographic Background .......................................................138
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arabic Immigrants and the Urban Environment
    65 REMAKING THE PLACES OF BELONGING: ARABIC IMMIGRANTS AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT ALONG SYDNEY’S GEORGES RIVER Heather Goodall Professor of History at the University of Technology Sydney in Transnational histories, Environmental studies and Indigenous histories. AUSTRALIA. [email protected] DATE OF RECEPTION: 09/09/2011 DATE OF APROBATION: 30/10/2011 Abstract: This paper reports on a study which has compared the environmental knowledges and practices which immigrants bring from their homelands with their experiences in their new homes. Arabic immigrants have come to Australia in significant numbers since WW2, from a range of countries and religions, including Christians and Muslims from Lebanon, Palestine and Syria and Mandaeans from Iraq. Many have settled in the industrial, working class suburbs along the northern bank of the Georges River, running through Sydney. These communities have sought out natural spaces in an overcrowded and politically-charged atmosphere. In particular, they have been frequent users of a series of parklands (including a National Park) along the river as well as the river itself for fishing, relaxation, jet ski and other power recreation. In the Georges River, Arabic Australians have drawn on their homeland environmental cultural knowledge and experiences but the expression of their expectations and strategies for relating to places has been strongly inflected by local environments and socio-political tensions. These immigrants can be seen to be ‘making’ new ‘places’ as they build attachment to their MIRADAS EN MOVIMIENTO SPECIAL VOL. JANUARY 2012: (65- 97) HEATHER GOODALL REMAKING THE PLACES OF BELONGING… 66 new homes by drawing on origin homeland environmental cultural knowledges and experiences in the constrained conditions of contemporary life.
    [Show full text]
  • ``Citizenship from Below'' Among ``Non-White'' Minorities in Australia
    “Citizenship from below” among “non-white” minorities in Australia: Intergroup relations in a northern suburb of Adelaide Ritsuko Kurita To cite this version: Ritsuko Kurita. “Citizenship from below” among “non-white” minorities in Australia: Intergroup relations in a northern suburb of Adelaide. Anthropological Notebooks , Slovenian Anthropological Society, 2020. halshs-03115973 HAL Id: halshs-03115973 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03115973 Submitted on 20 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ‘Citizenship from Below’ Among ‘Non-White’ Minorities in Australia: Intergroup Relations in a Northern Suburb of Adelaide Ritsuko Kurita Associate professor, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Department of English, Kanagawa University [email protected] Abstract The recent scholarship on citizenship has highlighted the significance of horizontal citizenship, which states how an individual’s eligibility for membership is determined by a social system formed by equal peers and the development of a community who share a citizen’s sense of belonging. However, researchers have paid scant attention to the sense of citizenship evinced by marginalised ethnic minorities. The present investigation examines citizenship in Australia by exploring intergroup relations. It attempts to determine the feeling of belonging that connects the Indigenous people of Australia to other ‘non-white’ groups considered ’un-Australian’ by the mainstream society.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptation of Arab Immigrants to Australia: Psychological, Social' Cultural and Educational Aspects
    ,l q o") 'no ADAPTATION OF ARAB IMMIGRANTS TO AUSTRALIA: PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL' CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS Nina Maadad,8.4., Dip. Ed., MBd. Studies Research Portfolio submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Bducation in the University of Adelaide, March 2007. ADDENDUM Table B (cont) Eclucational and Occupational Background of Respondents page 45b. ERRATA Page Line AMENDMENT 7 11 delete etc 10 13 l¡r should be lts 26 5 from that shouldbe thctn bottom 34 I4 group should be groups 53 6 from Add century afÍer nineteenth bottom 4 I Tuttisia should be Cairo 8 2 Insefi (Robinson, 1996) 19 1 Delete is and insert has an 2 Delete a 26 4 Delete of 28 2from Delete to the extent and delete lr bottom 70 9 suit case should be suitcase 98 4 there nationality should be their nationality 110 t7 ¿v¿r should be every t20 16 other shouldbe others 160 l7 than shouldbe then 161 t7 Arabian should be Arab r70 4 Arabian should be Arabic 1 9 1 4 from convent should be convert bottom 230 1 Abdullah, S. should be Saeed, A. 234 6 from Taric shouldbe Tarigh bottom TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract lv Declaration vt Äcknowledgements vll Dedication lx INTRODUCTION TO PORTFOLIO Introduction 2 Støtement of the Problem 4 Arabian Cultural Background 7 Arøbían Core Values 7 Islnm ínthe Arab World t4 Hístory of Druze Sect 22 Educatíon ìn the Arab World 26 Muslíms ín Australía 30 Druze ìn Australia 32 Theoretical Framework and Research Method Theoríes of ImmigraÍíon ønd Interactíon 33 Assumptions 38 Research MethodologY 38 S ele ctíon of
    [Show full text]
  • Social and Cultural Links Between Australia and the Middle East 197
    8 6RFLDODQG&XOWXUDO/LQNV%HWZHHQ$XVWUDOLD DQGWKH0LGGOH(DVW 8.1 This Chapter examines the social and cultural links which have been established between Australia and the Middle East region, and how these links might be enhanced. 8.2 Social, cultural, educational and other links between Australia and the Middle East have been underpinned by the contribution made to Australia's social and cultural life by migrants from many countries of the region. For most communities from the Middle East, migration to Australia on a large scale has been a fairly recent phenomenon, influenced by major upheavals or historical events—for example, the protracted Arab-Israeli conflict, the 15-year civil war in Lebanon, the Gulf War and the emergence of fundamentalist Islamic states. Against this background, prospective migrants from the region, as from other parts of the world, have been attracted by the opportunities presented by Australia's immigration program. Migration to Australia from the Middle East 8.3 According to data derived from the 1996 census,1 the countries that represent the most significant sources of migration from the Middle East, as a percentage of the total Australian population, are Lebanon, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. Table 8.1 overleaf shows the size of relevant populations: 1 The latest census was conducted in August 2001. 196 Table 8.1 Populations born in the Middle East, 1986 and 1996 Percentage of Total 1986 1996 Country of Birth Australian Population in Census Census 1996 Bahrain (a) 58 (b) Egypt 30,633 34,139 0.19 Iran 7,498 16,244 0.09
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Communities in Australia
    PACIFIC COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA JIOJI RAVULO SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & PSYCHOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY Acknowledgements Many thanks to Mary Moeono-Kolio for writing support and drafting assistance, Losana Ravulo for continuous feedback on scope of report, and the Pasifika Achievement To Higher Education (PATHE) team for supporting the vision of Pasifika development across Australia and beyond. Statistics cited within this report is from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2011. Appreciation is expressed for the assistance provided by the ABS Microdata Access Strategies Team. © Jioji Ravulo 2015 University of Western Sydney ISBN 978-1-74108-359-0 PAGE 2 – PACIFIC COMMUNITES IN AUSTRALIA Table of Contents OVERVIEW 4 Figure 14 (QALLP) Non-School Qualification: Level of Education 13 (a) Pacific people in Australia 4 Figure 15 (HSCP) Highest Year of School Completed – (b) Previous research on Pacific people in Australia 5 based on people aged 18 or older 14 i. Social Risk & Protective Factors 6 Figure 16 (TYSTAP) Educational Institution: Attendee Status 14 ii. Cultural Perspectives 7 Figure 17 (INCP) Total Personal Income (weekly) 15 (c) Purpose of report 8 Figure 18 (HRSP) Hours Worked 15 (d) Collection of data & analysis 8 Figure 19 (INDP) Industry of Employment 15 Figure 20 (INDP) Industry of Employment – Construction 15 KEY FINDINGS 11 Figure 21 Labour Force Status and Hours Worked (a) Demographic 11 Not Stated (LFHRP) 16 (b) Education & Training 13 Figure 22 (MTWP) Method of Travel to Work
    [Show full text]
  • Sydney Metro Pitt Street South Over Station Development
    Sydney Metro Pitt Street South Over Station Development Build to Rent Overview State Significant Development Development Application Revision B SMCSWSPS‐OXF‐OSS‐PL‐REP‐000001 Document Control Revision B Prepared for issue: Lucinda Mander‐Jones Date: 18 May 2020 Reviewed for issue: Nellie O’Keeffe Date: 18 April 2020 Approved for issue: Ian Lyon Date: 18 April 2020 Contents Common Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 5 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1. State Significant Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements ........................... 6 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 6 3. Oxford Property Group Overview ....................................................................................... 7 Project Summary ............................................................................................................................... 9 4. Project Objectives ............................................................................................................... 9 5. What is Build to Rent ? ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Arabs in Australia: Local Concerns and Transnational Contexts Jumana Bayeh, Sahar Amer
    Arabs in Australia: Local Concerns and Transnational Contexts Jumana Bayeh, Sahar Amer Mashriq & Mahjar: Journal of Middle East and North African Migration Studies, Volume 4, Number 2, 2017, (Article) Published by Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/778410/summary [ Access provided at 26 Sep 2021 14:06 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] ,\ k<hri'i <!' M(lI,io)"4, no. 2 (2017), I 8 ISS" 2169-443" EDITORIAL FOREWORD A~\BS IN At;STRALlA: LOCAL COKCLRNS AND I'RANSl\AnO:;..rAL CONrEXH An illlPOlt'lllt ,hift i, t"kin~ pho.. in the ftdd of dh5poro r"",ro.h with the . m"~.n(. of /O..1iddl. b,t mi~nllioll ;;tudi"" hu .toior. a n.gl.<t,,1 or." of inquiry, A numb.r of hum"niti., .ml ,odol ,d~nc< ,cllOh .. , h"", critkiz~ d this neglect, b ~ cam., "' they point out, it moh, littl. ,.n", giY~n th. "'01, of migration from th. Amb world throughout the nin't'~nth, t""nti,th, on,l tw.nty-fir,t c. murie" notably with th. (un.m globol "lid,He Eost migration crisi,,' Arguing ior the r<cogniti,'n "'lei imp()ltonc. oi the .\1iddl, Eost\ dh'poric hi,tory r.c.nt work. including this spechl i... ,u~, .Ir."., th, politico!, cultuml, "nd .conomic contributiom of disp. "",1 Arob conllllunities, os ",<11 "' the ,ignificont tmmnotionol (onn,ctiollS ,",,,"",,, fl<1:,"" i, " r;,,:~",'C-,. al M"",",",i' F,,, >',"',ity, ,-\ "",."ii" ""d "" 1101."""ry M,x'cj"k or I.'", I ~'Pl,'''''''''''1 of "\'-"hi 1,'J~t','rw ,,,.'Ii (;"1""",,, ", the ~',;i\',)",dy onyol''Y.
    [Show full text]
  • THE JEWISH POPULATION of AUSTRALIA Key Findings from the 2011 Census
    THE JEWISH POPULATION OF AUSTRALIA Key findings from the 2011 Census Dr David Graham All rights reserved © JCA First published 2014 JCA 140-146 Darlinghurst Rd Darlinghurst NSW 2023 http://www.JCA.org.au ISBN: 978-0-9874195-7-6 This work is copyright. Apart for any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of it may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction rights should be directed to the publisher. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................4 What is a census and who is included?.........................................................................................4 Why does the census matter? .........................................................................................................5 Notes about the data ........................................................................................................................5 AUSTRALIA’S JEWISH POPULATION IN CONTEXT .................................................................6 Global Jewish context.......................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Sydney, Australia by Joe Flood
    The case of Sydney, Australia by Joe Flood Contact Source: CIA factbook Dr. Joe Flood Urban Resources 37 Horne St Elsternwick Vic 3185, AUSTRALIA Tel. +61 3 9532 8492 Fax. +61 3 9532 4325 E-mail: [email protected] I. INTRODUCTION Australia, the “Great South Land” is the size of conti- Australia has been called the “Lucky Country” – with nental USA, but has a population of only 19 million. some justification. From 1890 to1920 it had the highest Much of Australia is extremely arid and unsuited to culti- per capita income in the world. It was the first country to vation or settlement, and the bulk of the people live in introduce a social service safety net through universal the temperate south-eastern region and other coastal age and other pensions. It consistently rates among the areas. top few countries in terms of human development and Australia was settled as six separate British colonies liveability indices. It is regarded as one of the world’s during the period 1788-1840, displacing some 750,000 most egalitarian nations in which everyone gets a indigenous inhabitants to the more remote parts of the chance to improve their situation. Yet the largest cities continent1. Following a sheep farming boom in the latter have had slums in the past to equal those of any coun- half of the nineteenth century and the discovery of gold try. Despite a century of slum clearance and redevelop- in the 1950s, the colonies prospered and joined to form ment, it is still easy to identify areas of considerable the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Securitization of Migration: an Australian Case Study of Global
    Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre Cuerpos, Emociones y Sociedad ISSN: 1852-8759 [email protected] Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Argentina Humphrey, Michael Securitization of Migration: an Australian case study of global trends Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre Cuerpos, Emociones y Sociedad, vol. 6, núm. 15, agosto- noviembre, 2014, pp. 83-98 Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=273231878007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre Cuerpos, Emociones y Sociedad www.relaces.com.ar Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre Cuerpos, Emociones y Sociedad. N°15. Año 6. Agosto 2014 - Noviembre 2014. Argentina. ISSN: 1852-8759. pp. 83-98. Securitization of Migration: an Australian case study of global trends* El aseguramiento contra la migración: Un estudio de las tendencias globales a partir del caso australiano Michael Humphrey** University of Sydney [email protected] Abstract Post September 11 migration has increasingly been framed as a security problem. In the 2010 Australian election campaign migration was connected to security (defense of our borders, terrorism and social cohesion) and to related issues of insecurity about the future (population size, sustainability and economic growth). This framing of migration as a national security issue overlooks the reality that Australian immigration is part of the global flow of population. Migration is an international issue experienced by states as a national question of border control and sovereignty seeking to manage the consequences of global inequality and mobility.
    [Show full text]
  • Assyrian Community Capacity Building in Fairfield City
    ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING IN FAIRFIELD CITY GREG GOW WITH ASHUR ISAAC PAUL GORGEES MARLIN BABAKHAN KARDONIA DAAWOD © 2005 CENTRE FOR CULTURAL RESEARCH AND ASSYRIAN WORKERS’ NETWORK ISBN 1 74108 112 2 PUBLISHED BY THE CENTRE FOR CULTURAL RESEARCH, UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY CENTRE FOR CULTURAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY PARRAMATTA CAMPUS EBA LOCKED BAG 1797 PENRITH SOUTH DC 1797 NSW AUSTRALIA www.uws.edu.au/ccr DESIGN: ANNA LAZAR, ODESIGN PRINTING: UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY COVER MODEL: JOSEPH SOLOMON Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III ABOUT THE AUTHORS IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V LIST OF ACRONYMS VI Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1 Assyrians: a global community ............................................................................... 3 2 Fairfi eld City: Australia’s Assyrian centre .............................................................. 6 2.1 Perceptions of Fairfi eld 2.2 Settlement history 3 Statistical profi le of the community ....................................................................... 10 3.1 Population, origin and migration 3.2 Family composition and age distribution 3.3 Religious affi liations 3.4 Language and education 3.5 Labour force status 3.6 Distribution by suburbs and tenure type 4 Research approach ................................................................................................... 13 5 Assyrian organisations and community infrastructure ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gos on the Route Choice Behaviour of Car Drivers
    Modelling the Effect of the Number of Stop-&-gos on the Route Choice Behaviour of Car Drivers By Neeraj Saxena M. Tech. (Transportation), B. Tech. (Civil) A thesis presented in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering The University of New South Wales August 2017 ॐ जननी जꅍमभूमम�च व셍गादपि 셍रीयसी । Mother and Motherland are superior to Heaven. 셍ु셁 셍ोबिꅍद दोउ खडे कगके लग셍ँू िगँय । िमलहगरी 셍ु셁 आिने 셍ोबिꅍद ददयो ितगय ॥ Guru and God both are here to whom should I first bow. All glory be unto the guru path to God who did bestow. This thesis is dedicated to my Parents, Gurus and Motherland Neeraj Saxena iii ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed …… ……… Date …… 28/08/2017 …….
    [Show full text]