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Madagascar (PDF, 48 Surface (sqkm): 587040 Population 1965 / 1990 (000): 6023 11700 Population density 1965 / 1990 (per sqkm): 103 199 Population per sqkm of agricultural land 1965: 17 Average annual population change 1965-1980 (percent): Average annual population change 1980-1989 (percent): 3.2 1) Population 1960 UN / estimated (000): 5393 5577 Number of identified cultural units 21 Population 1960 identified / coded (percent): 99 99 MADAGASCAR Geographical location of the cultural units presented in the following tables. (The numbers refer to ID-Nr.) 0 150 300 km O 18 O 5 16 O O 11 17 O Madagascar 2 O Antananarivo 21 1 O Mozambique O 14 Channel 20 O 3 O 4 19 O I n d i a n 9 O O c e a n 8 O O 10 O 7 15 O 12 O O 13 O 6 Madagascar (3) Madagascar (4) 0 - 5 % 6 - 15 % 16 - 25 % 26 - 35 % 36 - 45 % 46 - 55 % > 56% Missing 0 - 5 % 6 - 15 % 16 - 25 % 26 - 35 % 36 - 45 % 46 - 55 % > 56% Missing 0 - 5 % 6 - 15 % 16 - 25 % 26 - 35 % 36 - 45 % 46 - 55 % > 56% Missing 0 - 5 % 6 - 15 % 16 - 25 % 26 - 35 % 36 - 45 % 46 - 55 % > 56% Missing No written language Proto-writing Script writing Missing 0 - 5 % 6 - 25 % 26 - 45 % 46 - 55 % 55 - 65 % 66 - 75% > 76% Missing 100 94.5 100 100 95 60 60 40 Austronesian 94.6% 86.1 33.4 80 80 80 45.6 46 Afro-Asiatic: Semitic 3.5% 27.7 40 40 Indoeuropean: Romance 1.5% 60 60 60 31.2 31.2 21.6 20 23.2 Indoeuropean: Indo-Aryan 0.4% 40 40 40 12.6 20 20 14.4 Sintic 0.2% 20 20 20 8.5 10.5 4.8 5.6 5 0 0 3.5 00000 000000 00000 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Md Md Md Md Md Md Cat.0 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 Cat.0 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 Cat.0 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 Cat.0 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 Cat.0 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 ID- NAME OF POPULATION POPULATION LANGUAGE WRITTEN GATHERING HUNTING FISHING ANIMAL AGRICULTURE Nr. CULTURAL(000) (%) FAMILY LANGUAGE HUSBANDRY UNIT M A R MA R MA R MA R MA R MA R 1 Merina 1500 27.3 Austronesian 1 00 0 00 0 11 1 22 2 77 5 2 Betsimisaraka 830 15.1 Austronesian 1 00 00 22 33 53 3 Betsileo 670 12.2 Austronesian 1 00 0 00 0 00 0 22 2 88 6 4 Sakalava 325 5.9 Austronesian 1 00 0 00 0 11 1 55 5 44 2 5 Tsimihety 325 5.9 Austronesian 1 00 00 00 33 75 6 Antandroy 300 5.5 Austronesian 1 22 2 00 0 11 1 44 4 33 2 7 Antaisaka 280 5.1 Austronesian 1 00 0 00 0 22 2 33 3 55 3 8 Anteimoro 190 3.5 Afro-Asiatic: Semitic 3 00 00 22 33 53 9 Tanala 190 3.5 Austronesian 1 01 1 01 1 22 2 22 2 64 2 10 Bara 185 3.4 Austronesian 1 22 00 11 44 32 11 Sihanaka 135 2.5 Austronesian 1 00 00 22 22 64 12 Antanosy 130 2.4 Austronesian 1 00 00 00 44 64 13 Mahafaly 90 1.6 Austronesian 1 22 00 11 44 32 14 French 85 1.5 Indoeuropean: Romance 3 00 11 00 44 53 15 Anteifasy 70 1.3 Austronesian 1 00 00 22 33 53 16 Makoa 60 1.1 Austronesian 1 00 00 11 55 42 17 Bezanozano 45 0.8 Austronesian 1 00 00 00 55 53 18 Antakarana 35 0.6 Austronesian 1 00 00 11 55 42 19 Antambahoaka 20 0.4 Austronesian 1 00 00 22 33 53 20 Indians 20 0.4 Indoeuropean: Indo-Aryan 3 00 0 00 0 00 0 22 2 88 6 21 Chinese 10 0.2 Sintic 3 00 0 00 0 11 1 22 2 77 5 Madagascar (5) Madagascar (6) % Type 1: 52.1 Type 2: 20.6 Type 3: 0 Low Low to medium Medium Medium to high High Missing Absent Present Missing Type 4: 12.4 Absent Present Missing No or casual agriculture Extensive agriculture Intensive agriculture Missing No food crops Tubers, roots, tree fruits Cereal Missing Absent Not aboriginal Prior to contact Missing Pigs, sheep, goats or absence of large domestic animals Bovine animals, equine animals, or camels Missing Nomadic Seminomadic Semisedentary Compact, impermanent Compact, permanent Missing Type 5: 0 100 100 77.2 97.9 Type 6: 0 80 100 91.5 100 100 100 100 100 100 92 87.2 Type 7: 12.8 81.9 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 60 Type 8: 0 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Type 9: 0 40 40 40 40 40 Type 10: 0 40 40 40 22.8 20 Type 11: 2.1 20 20 20 20 12.8 20 12.2 20 20 8.6 5.9 5.9 0 0 0 0 0 2.1 0 0 0 00 0 0 None: 0 0 0 00 1.6 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Md 0 Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.1 Cat.2 INTENSITY MAJOR ANIMALS PREDOMINANT SETTLEMENT SUBSISTENCE METAL WEAVING AGRO- OF CROP TYPE AND PLOW TYPE OF ANIMAL PATTERNS TYPE WORKING TECHNICAL CULTIVATION CULTIVATION HUSBANDRY LEVEL MA R MA R MA R MA R MA R M A R MA R MA R MA R 1 Merina 6 6 3 6 6 3 1 1 1 7 7 2 77 5 1 22 2 62 2 13 3 2 Betsimisaraka 5 3 6 3 1 1 7 2 752 2222133 3 Betsileo • 6 3 • 6 3 • 1 1 • 7 2 •7 5 1 •1 1 •2 2 12 3 4 Sakalava 3 3 2 5 5 2 1 1 1 7 7 2 66 5 4 22 2 62 2 11 3 5 Tsimihety 6 3 6 3 1 1 7 2 75 1 • • 22 • • 6 Antandroy 3 3 2 6 6 3 1 1 1 7 7 2 33 3 7 22 2 62 2 12 3 7 Antaisaka 5 5 3 6 6 3 1 1 1 7 7 2 77 5 2 22 2 •2 2 13 3 8 Anteimoro 3 2 6 3 1 1 7 2 754 2222123 9 Tanala 6 6 3 6 6 3 1 1 1 7 7 2 77 5 1 22 2 62 2 13 3 10 Bara 3 2 6 3 1 1 7 2 337 2222123 11 Sihanaka 6 3 6 3 1 1 7 2 751 2222133 12 Antanosy 6 3 6 3 1 1 7 2 337 2222133 13 Mahafaly 3 2 6 3 1 1 7 2 337 2222123 14 French 5 3 5 2 3 3 7 2 55 11 22 22 144 15 Anteifasy 3 2 6 3 1 1 7 2 754 2222123 16 Makoa 3 2 5 2 1 1 7 2 654 2222113 17 Bezanozano 6 3 6 3 1 1 7 2 751 2222133 18 Antakarana 3 2 6 3 1 1 7 2 654 2222123 19 Antambahoaka 5 3 6 3 1 1 7 2 752 2222133 20 Indians 6 6 3 6 6 3 3 3 3 7 7 2 88 5 11 22 2 22 2 15 5 21 Chinese 6 6 3 6 6 3 3 3 3 7 7 2 77 5 11 22 2 82 2 15 5 Madagascar (7) Madagascar (8) 8 Low Low to medium Medium Medium to high High Missing Low Low to medium Medium Medium to high High Missing Females alone Relative more females Equal participation Relative more males Males alone Activity absent or unimportant Missing Low Low to medium Medium High Missing Low Low to medium Medium Medium to high High Missing Females alone Relative more females Equal participation Relative more males Males alone Activity absent or unimportant Missing Females alone Relative more females Equal participation Relative more males Males alone Activity absent or unimportant Missing Females alone Relative more females Equal participation Relative more males Males alone Activity absent or unimportant Missing Females alone Relative more females Equal participation Relative more males Males alone Activity absent or unimportant Missing 60 100 60 100 80 80 80 40 80 87.3 86.1 49.3 50.7 65.3 46.9 61.4 61.4 61.4 32.1 80 80 29.3 60 60 60 60 38.9 40 40 25 60 60 40 36.5 40 36.7 40 36.7 20 40 40 40 13.6 20 20 18.3 12.6 20 20 20 20 20 12.7 20 13.7 12.9 3.5 00 00 0 0000 0 0 0 1.7 0 0 0.2 0 00 0 1.6 0.6 00 0 1.9 0 00 1.9 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 Cat.1 Cat.2 Cat.3 Cat.4 Cat.5 Cat.6 SEX DIFFERENCES SEX DIFFERENCES SEX DIFFERENCES SEX DIFFERENCES SEX DIFFERENCES ASYMETRIC MALE DOMINATION INTER- AGRO-PASTORAL IN GATHERING IN HUNTING IN FISHING IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN AGRICULTURE WORK IN SUBSISTENCE GENERATIONAL INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION PRODUCTION TRANSFER PRINCIPALS MA R MA R MA R MA R MA R MA R MA R MA R MA R 1 Merina 4 4 3 1 1 5 5 5 2 1 1 5 55223103244 2 Betsimisaraka 8 6 1 5 2 4 1 5 3334114244 3 Betsileo • 8 6 • 8 6 • 8 6 • 2 4 •3334125274 4 Sakalava 8 8 6 1 1 5 2 2 4 1 1 5 44334••305 5 Tsimihety 4 3 1 5 5 2 1 5 5223••325 6 Antandroy • 4 3 1 1 5 5 5 2 1 1 5 44334125203 7 Antaisaka • 8 6 1 1 5 2 2 4 1 1 5 33334114244 8 Anteimoro 8 6 1 5 2 4 1 5 3334114244 9 Tanala 8 8 6 1 1 5 2 2 4 1 1 5 33334114152 10 Bara 4 3 1 5 5 2 1 5 4334125203 11 Sihanaka 4 3 1 5 2 4 1 5 5223103213 12 Antanosy 4 3 1 5 5 2 1 5 4334125355 13 Mahafaly 4 3 1 5 5 2 1 5 4334125203 14 French 8 6 1 5 1 5 2 4 2445103305 15 Anteifasy 8 6 1 5 2 4 1 5 3334114244 16 Makoa 8 6 1 5 2 4 1 5 4334••305 17 Bezanozano 4 3 1 5 5 2 1 5 5223103365 18 Antakarana 8 6 1 5 2 4 1 5 4334••305 19 Antambahoaka 8 6 1 5 2 4 1 5 3334114244 20 Indians 8 8 6 8 8 6 8 8 6 1 1 5 11545114274 21 Chinese 8 8 6 8 8 6 1 1 5 5 5 2 11523114244 Madagascar (9) Madagascar (10) % Patrilocal or matrilocal Avunculocal Virilocal or uxorilocal Type 1: 0 Kat.
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