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19740027133.Pdf 1974027133-002 - 1 tp i 19740271 gg-oog E ,_ MIlR-10 i A&PS-MS-H , May 1974 , AllllluslratCedhronology of the NASA Marshall Centrr alld M_FC l'rogrr,us ,* 1960-1973 By David S, Akcns tlistorical Staff Managenlent Services Office George C. Marshall Space Flight Center NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE AI)MINISTRATION i ",. ( • i t 1974027133-004 Postscript f : Although this chronology ends on June 30, 1973, it se ms appropriate t a add a few words about the Skylab program after that date and prio to chronology publication. On '_ July 28, 1973, the Skylab 11 astronauts (SL-3, Second ,',lanned Mission) went into space : •' and, after a successfol 59-day flight, returned safely to earth on September 25. Finally, : the Skylab 11I (SL-4) astronauts, in the last flight mission t.l tile Skylab program, rose _'_ from earth on November 16. The Skylab 11 astronauts successfully completed their m;ssion and, after 84 days in space, returned safely to earth on Febluary 8, 1974. ? A final postscript concerns major changes at MSFC subsequent to its first 13 years. On : March 5, 1974, NASA announced that Dr. Rocco Petrone would go to Washington to ,., become NASA associate administrator, the agency's third highest rankin_ official. Replacing Dr. Petrone as MSFC director would be Dr. William R. Lucas, the MSFC deputy director. The official changeover from Petrone to Lucas was later reset for June 15, 1974. Concurrent with the announcement of these major personnel changes at MSFC, NASA also announced a major reorganization of MSFC to become effective May 30, " 1974, paralleling an MSFC redut_tion-in-force that would be effective that date. The Center issued layoff notices to 397 persons and downgrading notices to 259. This new pared-down MSFC work force was considered a more efficient organization for carrying on the future MSFC roles. DSA May 31,19_4 , ! t ¢' 1974027133-005 INTRODUCTION NASA's largest center, the Marshall Space Flighl Center, played a major role in developing the largest technological program in the history of mankind. This Illustrated Chronology of the NASA Marshall Center and MSFC Programs highlights the Center's activities as well as the activities of its major prograi,is from the Center's beginning in July 1960 to the end of its 13th year in June 1973. In addition to highlights during the Center's first 13 years, this volume also gives background information concerning events that were important in the Center's formation. Contributing to the preparation of this volu,ne were Mr. Erich Neubert of the Office of Director, MSFC: Mr. Don Lakey and Mrs. Betty Davis of the MSFff Historical Staff; and Mr. Jar_es R. Bishup of the MSFC Skylab Office. 7 The Appendices in the back of this book include summary charts showing MSFC's personnel strength at the end of its ist year and at the end of its 13th year, as well as on its peal: day of personnel strength, April 30, 1965. For those desiring clarification of terms in the text, there is a list of acronyms and abbreviations. Also included is a - historical summary of MSFC's first 13 years. NOTE MSFC in this chronology stands for the 24arsha, Space Flight Center complex in Huntsville, Alabama. Michoud Assemb y Facility {MAF) and _. Mississippi Test Facility (MTF) are part of the M3FC organizatioq but physically are located in Louisiana and Mississippi, respectively. When an event in ttus chronology is cited as occurring at MSFC, the citation refers to the Huntsville complex. MAS and MTF are cited separately. DSA May 31, 1974 | 1974027133-006 I CONTENTS Page 1957 ............................................................. 1 1958 ............................................................. 3 1959 ............................................................. 5 1960 ............................................................. 11 1961 ............................................................. 21 1962 ............................................................. 43 1963 " 57 1964 ............................................................. 77 1965 ........................................................... 99 1966 ............................................................. 119 1967 ............................................................. 141 1968 ............................................................. 167 1969 ............................................................. 203 1970 ............................................................. 235 1971 ............................................................. 271 1972 ............................................................. 303 1973 ............................................................. 327 Appenaix A - Documentation ......................................... 345 Appendix B - Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................... 389 Appendix t." - Historical Summary of MSFC .............................. 401 Appendix D - Earliest Organizational Charts ............................. 415 Appendix E - MSFC's Manpower Status ................................. 419 Appendix F - Representative Personnel Charts ............................. 425 Appendix G - MSFC Funding .......................................... 431 PRECEDINGPAGEBLANK NOT FII,I_IED 111 "°° 1974027133-007 APRIL - DECEMBER 1957 1957 In April the scientific organization directed by Dr. Wernher voq Braun began studies which led to Satum, America's first rocket developed for space investigation. The team at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, hoped to design launch vehicles that could carry 20 000- to 40 000-pound pzyloads for orbital missions or 6000- to 12 000-pound payloads for escape missions. High-thrust booster stages were essen'i_l. In December the yon Braun group, then working with the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), proposed a program to the Department of Defense. At that time the United States was considering an integrated missile and space vehicle development program. Creatiop of a booster with ." 1 500 000 pounds of thrust was the aim of the proposed program [ 1]. Saturn IB ] 974027 ] 33-008 AUGUST - DECEMBER 1958 : 1958 On August 15 the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) formally initiated what • was to become the Saturn project. The agency, a separately organized research and development ann of the Department of Defense, authorized ABMA to conduct a research and development program at Redstone _.rsenal for a 1 500 000-pound thrust vehicle " booster. A number of available rocket engines woula be clustered. 1his design would be tested by a full-scale static firing hv the end of 1959 [2]. A contract was awarded Rocketdyne Division of North American Aviation on September 11 to uprate S-3D, the Thor-Jupiter engine. After redesign, simplification, and modification, the engine would be the H-1 [3]. : In October ARPA expanded its program objectives. A multistage carrier vehicle capable : of performing advanced space missions would be built. The vehicle was tentatively identified as Juno V. ARPA requested Redstone personnel to study a complete vehicle _" system so that upper-stage selection and development could begin and initiated a study of Atlantic Missile Range (AMR) launch facilities which could accommodate the launch vehicle [4]. Later, on December 11, ARPA authorized the Army Ordnance Missile Command (AOMC) to begin design, modification, and construction of a captive static test tower and facilities for use in the booster development program. AOMC was also to determine the design requirements for necessary laupch facilities [5]. While the booster-vehicle program was being formulated and expanded, development work on the H-I engine cont:nued. The first full-power H-1 engine firing occurred in _' December at the Rocketdyne facility in Canoga Park, California [6]. Proposed configuration Final preparation for launch of first U.S. of a clustered booster satellite, January 31. 1958. Insert shows close-up of satellite atop ttle Jupiter C. This first U.S. satellite pioneered the U.S. ; i space program that led to Saturn and _ b,,yond. :_ q PRECEDING PAGS BLANK NOT FILMI_ 3 I 19740271:3:3-009 r 1 1958 Thor-Jupiter engine .,.,'77_ m2--t_i_lll Farly H-! engine Booster tooling " Dr. T. Keith Gh'mtan on August 19. 19.58, became the ftr, yt " administrator of NASA. lh, would serve until his replacement by James E. Wehb olt February 14, 1961, 4 ;, i L _ r 1974027133-010 L J i' JANUARY - JULY 1959 't • 1959 Concurrently with development of the H-I engine, studies were conducted to determine = i the feasibility of a larger single-chamber rocket engine. On January 9 Rocketdyne agreed by contract to design, develop, and test such an engine, designated as the F-1. This • engine, burning lox and RP-1, a kerosene-type fuel, would generate a very high thrust, :_ approximately 1 500 000 pourds [71. Construction of the ABMA static test stand for large boosters began January 10. Meanwhile, Army representatives of the ARPA board visited AMR to discuss selection of a site for large vehicle launch facilities at Cape Canaveral, Florida. By February a contract i• , had been awarded for construction of the blockhouse at the site (Launch Complex 34). ) A design contract was also awarded for a movable stracture which would be used to " assemble and service the vehicle on the launch pedestal [8]. On January 27 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) submitted to ' the President a report containing its recommendations for a National Space Vehicle '. Program: the development of a series of general purpose space-flight vehicles of increasing payload capability
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