The Indoor Environment Dr. Brett Singer.Pdf

!"#$%&'()*$ $&'+$,-)$+)$.'/0123

!"#$%&'%()*+#"% ,-."#*/#%!#"0#1#2%3-45*-1%,-6% 6/7)*+#"8161'+59% :.#*;2<(#/5*=%>**?-1%@#7A5"=%(2BC57)?B%5*%!?)1=)*+%(/)#*/#% >?+?7;%DE%FGHI%% The Corsi Code

M*=55"7% M*%6#=% O?;7)=#% 79 69 54 26 4.3 6 >9#"-+#%1)K#% >;%N5B#% M*%9#N)/1#7% #LC#/;-*/2%

F% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% P"-/45*%5K%4B#%)*=55"7E%-;%N5B#E%)*%;"-*7);%-*=%5?;7)=#%6-7#=%5*%Q1#C#)7%#;%-1'E%R%SLC%>*-1%S*9%SC)=%FGGHE%HHE%FTH%% 8/5/2018 3538 Sussex Ln - Google Maps

3538 Sussex Ln

45$6-78$9'()3

T% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI%

1/1 :9)$/0.''-$)0;/-'0()08$'<$(5$5'=893

/)+-"#$#V55B'/5B%

U% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% >9,8$/7$!0.''-$"/-$#=,?/8523

W% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% !0.''-$,/-$@=,?/85$/7…3

D% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% >9,8$.'$+)$9,;)$8'$+'--5$,A'=823

X-"4/?1-;#%B-$#"Y%% `-7^% ! •! O;N#"%-1=#N2=#7% • >/)=7% ! •! !#*V#*#% 3);"5+#*%=)5L)=#Y%3OF% •! >/"51#)*% &-"65*%B5*5L)=#Y%&O% •! O"+-*)/%-/)=7% • OV5*#% ! (#B)<951-41#%5"+-*)/7%a(bO&c% %

Z51=%-*=%=-BC*#77% !)5#d?#*;7%)*/1?=)*+%&OF% e-=5*% >11#"+#*7%)*%-)"%-*=%=?7;% b)"?7#7%aB-26#c%

_% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% :9)$B'7)$4,C)7$89)$D'/7'03

f!""#$%&'($)&'*$+&,$-'*$'&./0)$1/'$+&,2$3"#&'$*&#$%1)&)$43./0$*3)$#&'$ %&'($5#&'$+&,$&)0g%

All things are poison and not without poison; only the dose makes a thing not a poison.%% % % % % %<%Paracelsus, 1493-1541

I% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% The risks of air polluon are not evenly distributed

Concentraons and exposures vary Suscepbility varies

9 Singer - 8/6/2018 >9/G9$/0.''-$,/-$E'??=8,087$('78$/(E,G8$9),?8923

PM 2.5 S74B-;#%!"#$%"&"'()*+,-#'.+)/"0.)1.$2#) SHS Mold/Moisture (EU) i>,j7%/5*7)=#"%7#9#");2%5K%N#-1;N%5?;/5B#7%% radon (smokers) U,j7%C#"%HGGG%C#5C1#%C#"%2#-"% formaldehyde acrolein radon (non-smokers) ozone 34 NO2 567) ammonia (NH3) (#/5*=N-*=%7B50#% acetaldehyde Z51=%J%B5)7;?"#% crotonaldehyde 1,1-dichloroethene e-=5*% styrene P5"B-1=#N2=#% carbon tetrachloride IND Approach ID Approach 1,4-dichlorobenzene Based on Literature >/"51#)*E%OV5*#E%3OF%% chromium Reported Disease Incidence Rates Acute CO Deaths

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 HG% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% ,5+?#%#;%-1'E%S*9)"5*B#*;-1%^#-1;N%X#"7C#/49#7E%FGHF% i>,j7%157;J2#-"JHGGEGGG%C#5C1#% H/0)$E,-FG=?,8)$(,I)-$JD4KLMN3

•! 8"9:.2)34567);-'+;;2#)<)%$+=.##) •! i#-;NE%7;"50#7E%-*=%5;N#"% /-"=)59-7/?1-"%)11*#77% •! ^57C);-1%-=B)77)5*7%K5"%"#7C)"-;5"2% =)7;"#77%% •! (#9#");2%5K%/N"5*)/%1?*+%=)7#-7#% •! Z#/N-*)7B7%#LC1-)*%B-*2%#k#/;7% •! ,?*+%)"");-45*%1#-=)*+%;5%B5"#% C#"B#-61#%1?*+%477?#% •! M*l-BB-45*%5K%1?*+%477?#%"#1#-7#7% /N#B)/-17%;N-;%)BC-/;%N#-";%% •! &N-*+#7%)*%6155=%/N#B)7;"2% )*/"#-7#%")70%5K%/15;7% HH% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% O'=-G)7$'<$D4KLM$/0$9'()73

HF% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% @-11-/#%#;%-1'E%S^XE%FGGTE%HHHE%HFDW% D,-FG=?,8)$(,I)-$/7$-),??5$G'(E?/G,8).3

>"&'2$?;=)

Image Ref: N$CYJJ##;='161'+59J*#.71#$#"J*1HUJ

HT% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% P/8-'1)0$./'Q/.)3

•! >)".-2%)"");-*;% •! SL-/#"6-;#7%-7;NB-%-*=%5;N#"% "#7C)"-;5"2%=)7#-7#7% •! ,#-=7%;5%/5?+NE%.N##V#E%#;/'% •! Z-2%/-?7#%-7;NB-%-*=% )*/"#-7#%)*K#/45*7% •! >7;NB-4/7E%#1=#"12%-*=% /N)1="#*%B57;%7?7/#C461#%

HU% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% P/8-'1)0$./'Q/.)$–$R=78$,$<)+$C)5$7'=-G)73

@2.$'.#')2"#A)02;B)-=C.='.+) :.$'.2#)– 02;B)02.D-.=')$=+)&;=9) .B"##";=).C.='#)

P"-*/)7/5%#;%-1'E%M*=55"%>)"%FGHG% TG%N5B#7%.);N%?*9#*;#=%\"#C1-/#7% U%"-*=5B%=-27%5K%B5*);5")*+% IGm%N-=%3OF%-659#%-B6)#*;%7;=

HW% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% Radon will remain a hazard

Lung Cancer Risk, per 1000 EPA Map of Radon Zones Lifeme Exposure, Radon Non- Smokers pCi/L smokers

2 4 32

4 7 62

8 15 120

20 36 260

Radon entry to homes varies with soil, season, and weather

16 hps://www.epa.gov/radon H'-(,?.)95.)3

`?)=#1)*#7%9-"2%62%HGL% &-1)K5"*)-Y%% %_%CC6% &-*-=-Y%% %UG%CC6% `#"B-*2E%[QE% XN5;5Y%@)0)C#=)-% &N)*-%n%@^OY%IG%CC6% ["#-

HI% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% Reducing IAQ Risks

19 Singer - 8/6/2018 Healthy Homes

W:.)8.$&':()8;B.)G;+.) U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control !"#"$%&'()%*+,%% H'%i"2% -""('$.%/%% ! 0"/1234%0+5"%

F'%&1#-*% 1. Keep it Dry ! Prevent water from entering your home through leaks in roofing systems, rain water from entering the home due to poor drainage, and check your interior plumbing for any leaking.

T'!%(-K#%K"5B%N-V-"=7% 2. Keep it Clean Control the source of dust and contaminants, creating smooth and cleanable surfaces, reducing clutter, and using effective wet-cleaning methods.

3. Keep it Safe U'!%@#11house ventilation for supplying fresh air to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the home.

D'!%&5*;-B)*-*;

6. Keep it Contaminant-free Reduce lead-related hazards in pre-1978 homes by fixing deteriorated paint, and keeping floors and window areas clean using a wet-cleaning approach. Test your home for radon, a naturally occurring dangerous gas that enters homes through soil, crawlspaces, and foundation cracks. Install a radon removal system if levels above the EPA action-level are detected.

Source: www.hud.gov/healthyhomes 7. Keep it Well-Maintained Inspect, clean and repair your home routinely. Take care of minor repairs and problems before they become large repairs and problems. FG% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% www.hud.gov/healthyhomes &'+$.'$+)$-).=G)$'=-$-/7C2$3

K;-2S.)2.+-S?;=)

K;-2S.)C.=?&$?;=)

>"&'2$?;=)$=+)$"2)S&.$="=9)

@.=.2$&)C.=?&$?;=)XY"':)S&.$=)$"2Z))

FH% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% Pollutant Source Reducon

22 Singer - 8/6/2018 D-'1-)77*$O('C/01$0'+$A,00).$/0$('78$UO$9'()73

m%5K%=;=J#B;A.2)N5?7#N51=7% m%5K%#B;A.2%N5?7#N51=7% .);N%7B50)*+%6-*7% .);N%7B50)*+%6-*7%

pN-*+%#;%-1'E%3)/54*#%-*=%:56-//5%e#7#-"/NE%bHWE%Hh_I

FT% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% O('C/01$A,00).$/0$E=A?/G$9'=7/013

MBC1#B#*;#=%IJHJFGHI%

(5?"/#Y%3Xeq7%:N#%:.5%@-2E%>//#77#=%IJUJHI%

FU% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% O('C/01$A,07$-).=G)$)QE'7=-)3

35*<7B50#"7%.);N%B#-7?"-61#%/54*)*#% (!!"#

'!"#

&!"#

%!"#

$!"#

!"# ()''*())(# $!!+*$!!'# $!((*$!($#

i-;-%K"5B%N$C7YJJ...'/=/'+59J;56-//5J=-;-r7;-474/7JK-/;r7N##;7J7#/5*=N-*=r7B50#J+#*#"-1rK-/;7J)*=#L'N;B% FW% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% >//#77#=%IJUJHI% VWX7$9,;)$.)G-),7).$!"#$%&'3

FD% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI%@#7/N1#"E%FGGhE%>;B57'%S*9'E%/)4*+%=-;-%K"5B%@#)7#1%#;%-1'E%^#-1;N%Sk#/;7%M*7;'E%FGGW%-*=%@-11-/#E%HhI_E%SX>JDGGJD

F_% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% @#7/N1#"E%FGGhE%>;B57'%S*9'E%/)4*+%=-;-%K"5B%@#)7#1%#;%-1'E%^#-1;N%Sk#/;7%M*7;'E%FGGW%-*=%@-11-/#E%HhI_E%SX>JDGGJD

FI% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI%@#7/N1#"E%FGGhE%>;B57'%S*9'E%/)4*+%=-;-%K"5B%@#)7#1%#;%-1'E%^#-1;N%Sk#/;7%M*7;'E%FGGW%-*=%@-11-/#E%HhI_E%SX>JDGGJD

% %!!FG%!$$" FGGh

$!"

#" B)/"5+"-B%C#"%/?6)/%B#;#" !"

;-9:-9-" ,>?=+-9-" <.*=+8-9:3" $C%CD>&E;" 6@A>?=+-9-" 2-')*+,',-.*3" 7()*+,',8-9:3" B.='-9-"/0$!1" &'()*+,',-.*"/0$!1" 4*+,',5,'6"/0$!1"

FGGh(:Z%(:X%HFDHE%HhhD]%CC%WW]DW%% H'-(,?.)95.)$Y(/77/'0$O8,0.,-.73

California rule effective January 1, 2009 US Formaldehyde Control Act in 2010 Products labeled starting June 1, 2018 %

TG% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% N$C7YJJ...'-"6'/-'+59J;5L)/7J/5BC.55=J/5BC.55='N;B% Homes built with low-eming materials have lower formaldehyde concentraons

Unadjusted

24% reducon at 0.3 ach

31 Hult et al., Indoor Air, 2015 Homes built with low-eming materials have lower formaldehyde concentraons Unadjusted Adjusted for T, RH, house age

24% reducon at 42% reducon at 0.3 ach 0.3 ach

32 Hult et al., Indoor Air, 2015 Z)0)687$'<$)QE'7=-)$-).=GF'0$;,-53

e#=?/)*+ % %62 % %%(-9#7%N5.%B-*2%/-*/#"7o% _.=`.=.% %%HG%B)/"5+JBT% %%5RJPR)C#"%B)11)5*%C#5C1#% >;2B$&+.:(+.% %HG%B)/"5+JBT %%Q5R% %C#"%B)11)5*%C#5C1#% E$+;= %%HG%C&)J, %%HIEGGG%C#"%B)11)5*%'1'B)415#>)$

:N#7#%-"#%!"#$%&$%6#*#\;7'% M*=55"%C511?;-*;7%59#"-11Y%UEGGG,j7%C#"%2#-"%C#"%HZ%

TT% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% For PM, very helpful to reduce entry from outdoors A large fracon of indoor PM comes from outdoors This fracon varies, and increases as indoor sources are migated. RIOPA Study1 MESA Air2 (n=353 homes) – 80% • Balmore, • Los Angeles (n=112) – 63% • Chicago, • Elizabeth, NJ (n=80) – 52% • Los Angeles, • New York, • Houston, TX (n=76) – 33% • Rockland, • St. Paul, • Winston-Salem

34 1Meng, JEAEE, 2005, 15:17-28; 2Allen, EHP, 2012, 120: 824-830 , "/-$F1980)77$9)?E7$-).=G)$'=8.''-$E,-FG?)73

System Reference 0.5 - 0.7 m 0.6 ! DG

0.2

105 Averaging 1 min 1 hr !?)1;%FGGDE%%HFGG%7KE%%W%-/NWGE%% 24 hr (#-1#=%=?/;7E%%G'FF%-/N%*-;?"-1% Peak 1 hr 104 SLN-?7;%9#*41-45*E%ZSebU%\1;#"% -1 5?;=55"7%

XZ %)*7)=#%.-7% Particles ·L F'W 103 a7R^)&;Y.2)':$=) )*=55"7% ;-'+;;2#) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Jul TW% ()*+#"%#;%-1'E%M*=55"%>)"E%FGHD% 4'-)$,/-F198$9'()7$9,;)$?'+)-$E,-FG?)$ E)0)8-,F'0$-,8)73

:N#%C#*#;"-45*%K-/;5"%)7%;N#% K"-/45*%5K%5?;=55"%C-"4/1#7% ;N-;%B-0#%);%)*;5%;N#%N5?7#% .);N%)*\1;"-4*+%-)"%% X#*#;"-45*%P-/;5"%

TD% (;#CN#*7%-*=%()#+#1E%FGHF% Before 1960 10 Homes 5 &'()7$,-)$(=G9$F198)-$ 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 ACH50 89,0$89)5$=7).$8'$A)3

12 1960 - 1970

8 2000 - 2011 500 4 Homes 0 0 5 10 15 20 25

ACH50 400

12 1970 - 1980 8 300 4 Homes 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Homes ACH50 200

1980 - 1990 20 10 Homes 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 ACH50 0

15 1990 - 2000 0 5 10 15 10 5 Homes ACH50 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 T_% ACH50 (5?"/#Y%"#7=6'161'+59E%&N-*%#;%-1'%FGHTE%&-1)K5"*)-%=-;-% What to do for Radon? Always Test!

Exisng Homes: New Homes: Test for as long as feasible If in Zone 1, If short test is 2-8 pCi/L, install passive test for longer. system & test If >8 pCi/L, test for longer Passive Soil or migate, then test Depressurizaon • Reduces driving EPA guidance is to retest if force for entry ﬁrst test is >4 pCi/L. through slab • Enables easy installaon of fan for acve system hps://www.epa.gov/radon 38 Image: Radon Protecon in New Homes Webinar presented on Jan 30, 208 Source (Kitchen) Venlaon

39 X''C/01$]$A=-0)-7$,-)$/(E'-8,08$7'=-G)73

&OF%n%^FO%

3OE3OFE%^O3OE% P5"B-1=#N2=#% [1;"-\*#%C-"4/1#7%

[1;"-\*#% [1;"-\*#%C-"4/1#7E%XZ % C-"4/1#7 F'W % P5"B-1=#N2=#E%>/#;-1=#N2=#% >/"51#)*E%X>^% ^,7$G''C/01$A=-0)-7$G,0$9,;)$A/1$/(E,G83

Z#-7?"#B#*;7%)*%TWG%&-1)K5"*)-%N5B#7]% H<.##0%)*;#+"-;#=E%.)*;#"%7#-75*%

M*=55"%75?"/#%/5*;")6?45*%;5%!#="55B%3OF%

S1#/'% S1#/'% S1#/'% `-7% `-7% `-7% xUN% U

Z?11#*%#;%-1'E%FGHWE%M*=55"%>)"% \/8G9)0$;)0F?,F'0$'EF'073 SLN-?7;% K-*%5*%.-11% b#*4*+%"-*+#%N55=% i5.*="-y%#LN-?7;% b#*;#=%O:e% Z)/"5.-9#%%

&#)1)*+%#LN-?7;%K-*% Window

ERV exhausting from kitchen

UF% O8=./)7$'<$-,01)$9''.$ E)-<'-(,0G)3

DGm% UGm%

7 devices L1: Low-cost $40 QRR^) B1: Basic, quiet $150 X,E8=-)$)_G/)0G5$J`N3 A1: 62.2-compliant, $250 E1: Energy Star, $300 &-C;?"#%#z/)#*/2%)7%;N#% E2: Energy Star, $350 K"-/45*%5K%#B)$#=%C511?;-*;7% M1: Microwave, $350 P1: Performance, $650 "#B59#=%62%;N#%"-*+#%N55='% ,-6%C#"K5"B-*/#Y%i#1C%-*=%()*+#"E%FGHU% (cfm) 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 100 Back

CE (%) 50

(cfm) 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 O8=./)7$'<$-,01)$9''.$ HVI and ASHRAE 62.2 Minimum HVI Recommended 100 BackOven DGm%-;%HGG%/KB% E)-<'-(,0G)3 _G

CE (%) E1 50 E2 M1 P1 0 HVI and ASHRAE 62.2 Minimum HVI Recommended 100 OvenFront

DGm% UGm% FG

&-C;?"#%#z/)#*/2%)7%;N#%K"-/45*% 5K%#B)$#=%C511?;-*;7%"#B59#=%62% 0 20HVI and 40 ASHRAE 6062.2 Minimum 80 100HVI Recommended 120 140 160 "-*+#%N55='% 100 Front -1 ,-6%C#"K5"B-*/#Y%i#1C%-*=%()*+#"E%FGHU% Flow (L!s )

50 CE (%)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 -1 Flow (L!s ) "7$/078,??).$-,01)$9''.$E)-<'-(,0G)$;,-/)73

()*+#"%#;%-1'E%FGHFE% M*=55"%-)"% Q#2%K#-;?"#7Y% wHWG%/KB% f(?BCg%5"%N55=% &59#"%K"5*;% 6?"*#"7% % H/)?.$)QE)-/()087$'<$A=-0)-7$,0.$-,01)$9''.73

•!G;='2;&&.+).VF.2"B.='#)Y"':)S;;A"=9)%-2=.2#) •! &550;5CY%65)1J7)BB#"%C5;%aU,%.-;#"c%-*=%N#-;J7)BB#"%C-*%aH,%.-;#"c% •! O9#*Y%C"#N#-;%;5%UFW{P%|%TG%B)*%aC5;%.JH,%.-;#"c% •! !"5)1#"Y%C"#N#-;%FG%B)*E%HW%B)*%aC5;%.JH,%.-;#"c% •! 35%K55=%C"#C-"-45*% •!c):;B.#)"=)I;2':.2=)G$&"0;2="$) •! I%N5?7#7Jl-;7%HGIuFFD%BF%|%FD%BF%-C;]%H

()*+#"%#;%-1'E%FGH_E%!?)1=)*+%S*9)"5*B#*;% D'??=8,08$(),7=-)()0873

&OFE%3OvE%3OE%3OFE%X-"4/1#7%}%D%*BE%XZF'W%62%7/-$#")*+E%&OE%:E%e^%

d"'S:.=) _.+2;;B)$2.$)_.+2;;B)$2.$) ()*+#"%#;%-1'E%FGH_E%!?)1=)*+%S*9)"5*B#*;% ^5.%.#%?7#=% ;5%=5%);'% a/)"/-%FGG_c%

UI% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% S,01)$9''.7$/0$78=.5$9'()73

^F% ^W%

^H% ^D% ^h%

^I%

()*+#"%#;%-1'E%FGH_E%!?)1=)*+%S*9)"5*B#*;% 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 House S).=GF'07$ 100 /0$E'??=8,08$ 90 CO2 ?);)?7$+/89$ 80 NO NO2 -,01)$9''.$ 70 PN Code XYZ 60 X - Cooking =7)3 C - Cooktop O - Oven 50 B - Broiler Y - Hood Speed 40 L - Low M - Medium H - High Percent Reduction (%) 30 E - Exhaust Z - AHU 20 O - Off A - On 10 Measured CE Range 0 Code CLA CHA CHA BHO CEO CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO BMO OHO OHO CMO CMO CMO OMO OMO OMO OMO ()*+#"%#;%-1'E%FGH_E%!?)1=)*+%S*9)"5*B#*;% S,01)$&''.$^=/.,0G)3

_-"&+.2)H)G;='2$S';2) E;;0.2) •! b#*4*+%.);N%15.<"#7)7;-*/#%=?/;% •! i5*q;%="5C%=#6")7%=5.*%;N#%9#*;% •! ^55=%;N-;%/59#"7%-11%6?"*#"7% •! ~?)#;%-;%FGG%/KB% e#.2) •! OC#"-;#%;N#%N55=% •! ^)+N#"%l5.%K5"%B5"#%/550)*+% •! &550%5*%6-/0%6?"*#"%

Materials (287 g) extracted from RH vent. WH% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% Photo & arrangement: M. Lunden !0<-)@=)08$=7)$'<$C/8G9)0$)Q9,=78$$ B,8,$<-'($X,?L$!"#$78=.5a$(,5$A)$A/,7).$9/193

Self-reported usage Number Percent

Z57;%4B#7%aw_Wmc%.N#*%/550;5C%5"%59#*%?7#=% UU% HTm%

Z57;%4B#7%.N#*%/550;5C%?7#=E%6?;%*5;%59#*% Th% HHm%

>65?;%N-1K%;N#%4B#% UW% HTm%

f=02.D-.='&(T);=&()Y:.=)=..+.+) QQM) M5^)

3#9#"% TW% HGm%

35%#LN-?7;%K-*% _T% FHm%

Z?11#*%#;%-1'%,!3,

I;')=..+.+) c5) LP^) W;;)=;"#() LR) 5Q^) !;=g')':"=A)$%;-')"') MQ) QO^) i5#7*q;%.5"0% Hh% HGm% OC#*%.)*=5.%)*7;#-=% H_% hm% O;N#"%"#-75*7% _% xUm% @-7;#7%#*#"+2%% T% xFm% 35%"#-75*%7#1#/;#=%5"%=5*q;%0*5.% FT% HFm% Filtraon

54 Singer - 8/6/2018 ^-),8$E'8)0F,?$<'-$,/-b7),?/01$]$6?8-,F'0$8'$-).=G)$$ /0b9'()$)QE'7=-)$8'$'=8.''-$D4$,G-'77$UO3 a(MZ[,>:MO3%%>3>,j(M(%[(M3`%ZS>([eSi%X>e>ZS:Se(c%

P)1;"-45*%6#*#\;%

>)"<4+N;*#77%6#*#\;%

pN-5E%M*;'%R'%S*9)"5*'%e#7'%X?61)/%^#-1;N%FGHWE%HF% WW% !0$8)78$9'=7)[$6?8-,F'0$1-),8?5$-).=G).$D4$<-'($'=8.''-73 1 35%\1;"-45*% Summer Fall / Winter (-) I O 0.1

Est. Mass ZSebHT%% 5*%"#/)"/% ZSebHD%% hG

!?)1;%FGGDE%W'G%>&^WG%

WD% SLN-?7;%9#*41-45*% ()*+#"%#;%-1'E%M*=55"%>)"E%FGHD% >Se%t%G'FF%N

•!M*;#"9#*45*%7;?=2%)*%HFD% Z#-*(i% I;)KB;A"=9) KB;A"=9) 15.<)*/5B#%N5B#7%5K% Ä+%B

!-$#"B-*%#;%-1'E%M*=55"%>)"E%FGHF%% W_% H/?8-,F'0$,0.$"/-$X?),0/013 •! X5;#*4-1%;5%=")9#%XZ%;5%9#"2%15.%1#9#17% •! P)#1=%7;?=)#7%\*=%;N-;%-/;?-1%6#*#\;7% B?/N%7B-11#"%;N-*%;N#5"#4/-1% •! Q#2%)77?#7Y% •!3.;F&.)'-2=)':.B);h) •! :N#"B57;-;%/5*;"517%/5*K?7)*+% •! 35)7#% •! S*#"+2%a)K%?7)*+%P>[c%

N$C7YJJ...'#C-'+59J)*=55"<-)"<Å?-1);2<)-ÅJ -)"

59 @N-;%)7%"#Å?)"#=% 62%/5=#o%% %•! e#Å?)"#=%)*%7;-;#7%;N-;% % -=5C;#=%MS&&%FGHF%J%FGHW% •! 35;%"#Å?)"#=%)*%:#L-7E% % 75B#%15/-1%/5=#7%% •! Q);/N#*%#LN-?7;%"#Å?)"#=% )*%-%K#.%7;-;#7%6?;%*5;%62% MS&&]%?7#%9-")#7%62%"#+)5*% •! !-;N%#LN-?7;%)*7;-11#=%)*% `#*#"-1%Zb%% `#*#"-1%Zb%% B57;%*#.%N5B#7% *5;%"#Å?)"#=% B57;12%"#Å?)"#=%

(5?"/#Y%[(%iOS%!?)1=)*+%S*#"+2%&5=#7%X"5+"-B% ()*+#"%<% N$C7YJJ...'#*#"+2/5=#7'+59J7;-;?7<7;-;#<#*#"+2

>".&+)K'-+();0)5Q)>&;2"+$):;B.#% Zb%)*7;-11#=%=?")*+%C")5"%HW%2#-"7% Z57;12%&PM(]%C"#$-&'#) •! P-)1#=%/5*;"511#"7%-*=%=-BC#"7% •! X-"4-112%=)7/5**#/;#=%5"%/"?7N#=%=?/;7% •! i)";2%\1;#"7]%>)"%)*;-0#%-659#%#LN-?7;%

DH% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI%% a(5**#7%#;%-1'E%FGHWc% % % % &),?895$Y_G/)08$P)+$^,7$ &'()7$O8=.5$J&YP^&N3

Rengie Yang- C>#D$$ Iain Chan Seon 7&'(#>$ Walker Kim X'08)Q83

•! >)"%7#-1)*+%0#2%7;"-;#+2%K5"%"#7)=#*4-1% #*#"+2%#z/)#*/2% •! ,5.%5?;=55"%-)"%)*/"#-7#7%)*=55"%-)"% C511?;-*;%1#9#17% •! X")5"%7;?=)#7%"-)7#=%M>~%/5*/#"*7% •! ()*/#%FGGIE%&-1)K5"*)-%N-7%"#Å?)"#=% B#/N-*)/-1%9#*41-45*%aZbc%)*%-11%*#.% N5B#7%

DT% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% D-/'-$X,?/<'-0/,$O8=./)73 I.Y)8;B.)K-2C.(j)5RRLJ7) >".&+)#'-+(j)5RROJN)XGI8KZ) • HGI%N5B#7E%6?)1;%FGGF;2B$&+.:(+.)) •! (#1K<"#C5";#=%.)*=5.%?7#% •! WGm%=)=*q;%?7#%)*%.)*;#"%% •! FGm%=)=*q;%)*%7C")*+%n%K-11% (ppb) •! Q);/N#*%n%6-;N%K-*7%*5;%?7#=% Acute REL "5?4*#12%

8h & chronic REL

X")/#%n%(N#"B-*E%FGGDE%,!3,

TDGG%"#7C5*7#7%;5%f@#"#%-*2%.)*=5.7%5C#*%-;%-11%2#7;#"=-2og]%>B-V5*%Z#/N-*)/-1%:?"0%7?"9#2%%

DW% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% Z5"")75*%-*=%i-;#E%M*=55"%>)"%FGHI%&5*K#"#*/#% &YP^&*$B)8)-(/0)$/<$G=--)08$;)0F?,F'0$ -)@=/-)()087$,-)$,.)@=,8)$8'$E-'8)G8$!"#3 P)#1=%7;?=2%5K%_G%N5B#7%.);N%Zb%%

•! ()*+1#

•! j#-"<"5?*=%7-BC1)*+E%FGHD~E%;"-/0#=%-/49)4#7%H%.##0% •! @)*=5.7%/157#=]%&#*;"-1%Zb%5C#"-4*+%%%

DD% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% B/,10'7FG$:)7F013

U=C.&;F.)$=+)!-S')/.$A$9.) UV:$-#')>$=)*"2i;Y) E$=9.)8;;+)*"2i;Y)

D_% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% !0.''-$"/-$#=,?/85$4),7=-)()0873

34567)

G\5) WT) I\5) E8)

>;2B$&+.:(+.)

DI% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% "GF;/85$4'0/8'-/013

E$=9.):;;+)-#.) UV:$-#')0$=)-#.)

G;;A"=9)XS;;A';FT);C.=Z) Dh% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% "GF;/85$4'0/8'-/013

8.$?=9HG;;&"=9) UV'.2=$&)+;;2)-#.)XF$?;T)9$2$9.Z)

G&;':.#)+2(.2)

_G% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% WGG=E,08$O=-;)5$,0.$"GF;/85$c'13

_H% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% X)08-,?$4V$7578)(7$/0$ef$X,?/<'-0/,$9'()73

f=)B;#')S$#.#T)':.)B.$#-2.+)$"2i;Y);0)':.).V:$-#')0$=) .VS..+.+)':.)2.D-"2.+)Y:;&.J+Y.&&"=9)C.=?&$?;=)=..+#6) 4.$=)2.D-"2.+j)OM)S0B)) a7R^)$%;C.)S;+.) 4.$=)F2;C"+.+j)cO)S0B) •! &5*4*?5?7%#LN-?7;%a3tWWc% •! M*;#"B)$#*;%#LN-?7;%a3thc% •! &5*4*?5?7%)*1)*#%K-*%/5**#/;#=%;5%/#*;"-1%K5"/#=%-)"%727;#B%a3tUc% •! (?CC12%9#*41-45*%C"59)=#=%62%/#*;"-1%K-*%)*;#+"-;#=%727;#B%.);N%-% B5;5")V#=%=-BC#"%a3tFc%

_F% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% W=8.''-$"/-g'+*$4)G9,0/G,?$,0.$:'8,?3

Q TOTAL 300 Q MECH

4)G9,0/G,?$,/-g'+$+,7$eh`$'<$8'8,?3 200 Q (CFM) 100

0 ^5B#7%"-*0#=%62%B#/N-*)/-1%-)"l5.% _T% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% 8 7 11 47 46 24 31 15 27 28 40 38 44 66 65 53 34 52 58 30 17 39 41 26 13 37 50 59 68 63 48 25 45 49 42 21 19 113 117 112 110 115 116 125 101 128 127 106 130 123 124 109 104 105 121 122 107

House ID X,?/<'-0/,$A,89-''(7*$4'78$,A';)$G'.)[$A)?'+$-,8).3

&N-*%#;%-1'E%i-;-%K"5B%_G% &-1)K5"*)-%N5B#7%

Z-7;#"Y%% O;N#"% Z-)*% 6-;N7% Z-7;#"%% :5)1#;J(N5.#"%

(;"-$5*%#;%-1'E%FGHF% _U% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% (;"-$5*%#;%-1'E%FGHF% \/8G9)07*$4'78$-,01)$9''.7$())8$(/0/(=($,/-g'+$ -)@=/-)()08a$A=8$(,05$(/G-'+,;)7$.'0d83

35*<9#*4*+]%% '!" &5BB5*%)*%[(% ' &#"

12# &!" %#" %!" $#" b#*4*+% $!" #"

!"#$%&'()*+',-('./00' !" ()*+,"-../"012&%3" 45("6789.:);,"012&<3" =.:">?,,/" 6,/"@."-7+A">?,,/" B)7C,/"5%'"

_W% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% X,?G=?,8).$,/-$G9,01)$-,8)$JE)-$9'=-N$3

4)./,0*$ &YP^&$b$fLii$9bj$ WGm% XP&O$b$fLKM$9bj$3

_D% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% D4KLM$,0.$<'-(,?.)95.)$?'+)-3

4.+"$=)f=+;;2) GI8Kk)l)cP^)U&.S'2"S) 8UI@8)J)@$#)8;B.#) G;=S.='2$?;=) 5RROlRN) 5RQOlQP) P5"B-1=#N2=#% TD%CC6% HI%CC6% T T% XZF'W% HH%+JB % W'G%+JB

3OF% T'H%CC6% U'U%CC6%

__% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% ÉOk#"B-**%aFGGhc'% H'-(,?.)95.)3 ^S3`^%%

&3^(% @^OE%[Q% (.#=#*E%% `#"B-*2E% &N)*-…% %

&-*-=-%% 15*+<;#"B% &-1)K'%% &N"5*)/%%

_I% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% D4KLM3 ^S3`^%% &3^(%

&-1SX>%-B6)#*;%-)"%% -**?-1%7;-*=-"=%%%

_h% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% PWK3 &3^(% a#1#/;")/c%

^S3`^% a+-7c%% &-1SX>%-B6)#*;%-)"%Å?-1);2%% -**?-1%7;-*=-"=%t%TG%CC6%

TG%

IG% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% 4/77/'0$"GG'(E?/79).23

XN5;5%&"#=);Y%R%(/5$%>CC1#.N);#E%>775/)-;#=%X"#77E%Z-2%HE%FGHT% IH% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% 32;%&.B#)*h.S?=9)\SS-F$=') \=&"=.)K-2C.() >".&+)K'-+()))) G;B0;2')$)>.Y)W"B.#)F.2)m..A) 4;#'&()5RR5JP) _-"&')5RQQJN)) ;2)4;2.)>2.D-.='&(! XI<55NQZ! XI

IF% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% M*%&-1)K5"*)-E%5*12%Q)"=)L)N5B#7% N-=%;N#%/#*;"-1%9#*41-45*% 727;#B%"?**)*+%-7%K5?*='%%

IT% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% c,A)?7$(,I)-k3

m:;&.J8;-#.) G;='2;&&.2) ^)\=)*#J>;-=+! [.=?&$?;=)G;='2;&! /$%.&&.+n!

\=H\h)KY"'S:! 35%%a3tUFc% Wm! 1.#%%a3tHFc% WIm! 32;92$BB$%&.) 35%%a3tHGc! WGm! G;='2;&&.2! W:.2B;#'$'! 35%%%a3tFc! Gm! _2.$A.2)3$=.&! 35%%%a3tHc! HGGm! I;)G;='2;&&.2! 35%%%a3tTc! HGGm!

IU% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% B')7$89)$G'.)$0)).$8'$A)$('-)$E-)7G-/EF;)2 lKLK$,0.$:/8?)$Km$-)<)-$8'$"O&S"Y$^=/.)?/0)$Km3

E3'-3"$)F&0./#)$3))1.&30#*$F&0/$3$F/1"#BG-&"*&'($H#'I"3I1'$ )J)0#4$)/1-"*$/3H#$3$."#3>$"3G#"$)-./$3)?$$ K'(")*+,-./,!)*.($*0$-%!1%,-*)2).$&*,#*.($*(,&$3*4$10$*,-* $5+$6.*#,/*)$0$/$*,7.8,,/*+,-.1&"-1%,-3L$$ M'$3**&I1'?$(-&*3'.#$1'$1N#>3I1')$3'*$43&'0#'3'.#$ N>1.#*->#)$)/1-"*$G#$N>1H&*#*$01$1..-N3'0):$$ %

IW% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% "G8=,?$?,A)?7$0'8$,?+,57$G?),-3 :5%B-)*;-)*%B)*)B?B%1#9#17%5K%5?;7)=#%-)"%9#*41-45*%"#Å?)"#=% &O3:M3[O[(%i[:j% 62%;N#%(;-;#%5K%&-1)K5"*)-E%;N)7%K-*%7N5?1=%6#%5*%-;%-11%4B#7% .N#*%;N#%6?)1=)*+%)7%5//?C)#=E%?*1#77%;N#"#%)7%5?;=55"%-)"% /5*;-B)*-45*'%

ID% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% I_% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% &,?<$'<$89)$X"$9'=7)9'?.7$-)E'-8).$=7/01$ -,01)$9''.$7'()F()7$'-$?)77$<-)@=)08?53

e#-75*7%K5"%35;%[7)*+%e-*+#%^55=%

OC#*%.)*=5.%)*7;#-=%

M*#k#/49#%

:55%*5)72%

P5"+5;%

35;%*##=#=%

G% HG% FG% TG% UG% WG% I-B%.2);0)E.#F;=#.#)

II% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% f=+;;2)$"2)D-$&"'()$=+):.$&':) "=+"S$';2#)"=).=.29().oS".=')=.Y) :;B.#)"=)*-#'2"$) % X#;#"%:-CC1#"HÉE%X#;#"%@-11*#"FE%!#"*N-"=%i-B6#"+#"HE%Z)/N-#1%Q?*=)FE%^-*7?7;")-*%M*74;?;#%K5"%^#-1;N2%-*=%S/515+)/-1%!?)1=)*+E%b)#**-E%>?7;")-% F%i#C-";B#*;%5K%S*9)"5*B#*;-1%^#-1;NE%Z#=)/-1%[*)9#"7);2%b)#**-E%>?7;")-% X"#7#*;#=%-;%M*=55"%>)"%FGHI]%XN)1-=#1CN)-%X>E%R?1%FWE%FGHI% (1)=#7%/5?";#72%5K%X#;#"%:-CC1#"%

@-11*#"%#;%-1'E%M*=55"%S*9)"5*B#*;-1%~?-1);2%)*%Z#/N-*)/-112%b#*41-;#=E%S*#"+21'$@#)$P-G"&.$A#3"0/:$FGHW]HFYHUHTF

@-11*#"%#;%-1'%^#-1;N%-*=%@#116#)*+%5K%O//?C-*;7%)*%^)+N12%S*#"+2%Sz/)#*;%!?)1=)*+7Y%>% P)#1=%(;?=2'%M'0$O$6'H&>1'$@#)$P-G"&.$A#3"0/:$FGH_]HU'% &);2%^-11%5K%b)#**-E%% N$C7YJJ...'.)#*'+9'-;J#*+1)7NJ/);2N-11J)B-+#7J/);2N-11'ÑC+%Ih% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% X"5Ñ#/;%b#*41-45*%T'G%a>?7;")-c% i5#7%B#/N-*)/-1%9#*41-45*%C"59)=#%N#-1;N2%/5BK5";-61#%)*;#")5"7o% i5%;N#)"%B#/N-*)/-1%9#*41-45*%727;#B7%/5*9)*/#%/5*7?B#"7o%

&5BC-"#%N5B#7%.);NJ5?;%B#/N-*)/-1%9#*41-45*% •! DF%15.<#*#"+2%5"%C-77)9#%7;=%u%B#/N-*)/-1%9#*41-45*%.);N%N#-;%"#/59#"2% •! DH%/5*9#*45*-1%/5*7;"?/45*%u%*-;?"-1%9#*41-45*%a.)*=5.7c% •! !?)1;%FGHG

Z#-7?"#%M>~%B#;")/7%-*=%-)"%/N-*+#%"-;#%-;%T%-*=%HW%B5*;N7Y% (?"9#2%5K%C#"/#C45*7E%7-47K-/45*%-*=%N#-1;N%7;-;?7%

hG% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% >=-C;#=%K"5B%71)=#%C"59)=#=%62%X#;#"%:-CC1#"%

50 S)7=?87*$H'-(,?.)95.)$%$i$('08973 Mechanisch belüftete Objekte Natürlich belüftete Objekte

40 Z#=)-*%a?+JBTc% 30 3-;?"-1%%%%%%%%%UG% Z#/N-*)/-1%%F_%% 20 Anzahl der Messwerte X#"/#*;%5K%N5B#7%

0 < 11 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 > 130 91-100 Formaldehyd [!g/m"] 101-110 111-120 121-130

>=-C;#=%K"5B%71)=#%C"59)=#=%62%X#;#"%:-CC1#"%hH% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% V)0F?,F'0$/(E-';)7$7,F7<,GF'03

2),#" 3*)$" ./)1/)+," (*/2*+.1" 2),3" 3*)#" 45#" 45$" 453" 45#" ./(*0" ()/01"

-'()+" ()*-."

&'()*)+," ()*+,*,)"

!" #!" $!" %!" !" #!" $!" %!" &!" '!" m%7-47\#=% m%=)77-47\#=%

@-11*#"%#;%-1'%^#-1;N%-*=%@#116#)*+%5K%O//?C-*;7%)*%^)+N12%S*#"+2%Sz/)#*;%!?)1=)*+7Y%>% hF% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% P)#1=%(;?=2'%M'0$O$6'H&>1'$@#)$P-G"&.$A#3"0/:$FGH_]HU'% V)0F?,F'0$/0G-),7)7$.-50)77$/0$G'?.$G?/(,8)7$3

Zb%N5B#7%6#$#"%5*%-11% 8:0#" B#-7?"#7%#L/#C;%="2*#77% 84.9)" 8:0'" ;<#" ;<'" ())"1/2" 2.3" *45.67"

3.4#" ())" -./0" ,-*./.01" 56#"

()*+" ())"*)+,"

!" #!" $!" %!" &!" '!!" !" #!" $!" %!" &!" '!" m%7-47\#=% m%=)77-47\#=%

@-11*#"%#;%-1'%^#-1;N%-*=%@#116#)*+%5K%O//?C-*;7%)*%^)+N12%S*#"+2%Sz/)#*;%!?)1=)*+7Y%>% hT% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% P)#1=%(;?=2'%M'0$O$6'H&>1'$@#)$P-G"&.$A#3"0/:$FGH_]HU'% ".;,0G).$V)0F?,F'03

•! ,-"+#"%K-*7%.);N%/5*;"511-61#%S&Z%B5;5"7%#*-61#%7B-";#"%9#*41-45*% •! i)7;")6?45*%-*=%B)L)*+%-"#%9-1?-61#]%.5"0)*+%;5%?*=#"7;-*=%;N)7% •! ^5.%C"561#B-4/%)7%);%.N#*%C#5C1#%;?"*%5k%;N#)"%9#*41-45*o%

hU% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% Z=/?./01$"()-/G,$!"#$O8=.53 •!:-"+#;%TF%N5B#7%C#"%/1)B-;#%V5*#%a&pcY%% •! &N-"-/;#")V#%N5B#E% ÖWGm%.);N%B#/N-*)/-1%9#*41-45*%aZbc% B#/N-*)/-1% #Å?)CB#*;% % •! Z5*);5"% 9#*41-45*E%M>~E% -/49)4#7%K5"%H% .##0]%"#C#-;%K5"% X-/)\/%3@% *= 3-45*-1% F %.##0%)*%I% ,-6% N5B#7%J%&p% &pY%U&E%W!% ,!3,%a^S3`^c% • e#C#-;%B5*);5")*+% &pY%T!E%T&% ! P15")=-%(51-"% ;5%5//?"%)*%N5B#7% S*#"+2% .);N%n%.);N5?;%Zb% &#*;#"% 5C#"-4*+% &pY%F>E%T>% ,!3,% hW% HJFGJHI% ^5.%)7%M>~%)*%75/)-1%N5?7)*+o%

FGHIE%b51'%HTHE%CC'FTH

E.C".Y.+)Lc)$2?S&.#%

K8)2.#"+.='#).VF;#.+)';):"9:.2)34567E%N#-9)12%)*l?#*/#=%62%7B50)*+%)*%;N#%6?)1=)*+'%% I;).C"+.=S.);0):"9:.2)&.C.&#);0);':.2)F;&&-'$='#)7?/N%-7%K5"B-1=#N2=#%5"%=-BC*#77'%% 3;;2)':.2B$&)S;B0;2')Ü)7á%-*%)77?#E%6?;%*5;%#*5?+N%=-;-%5*%/5BC-"-61#%*5*<75/)-1%N5?7)*+%;5%B-0#%-% =#\*)49#%7;-;#B#*;%-65?;%"#1-49#%C"#9-1#*/#'%% (;"5*+%)*=)/-;5"7%;N-;%"#7)=)*+%)*%#;S"$&):;-#"=9)"#)$##;S"$'.+)Y"':)=.9$?C.):.$&':).h.S'#E% .);N%:"9:)F2.C$&.=S.);0)2.#F"2$';2()F2;%&.B#'%% @2..=)2.'2;p'#):$C.)':.)F;'.=?$&)';)"BF2;C.)fUqE%6?;%;N#2%B?7;%6#%;-)15"#=%;5%#-/N%6?)1=)*+'%%

hD% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% Y_G/)08$9'()7$G,0$9,;)$ZY::YS$!"#3

•! 8"9:)F.20;2B$=S.):;B.#)S$=):$C.)&;Y.2)F;&&-'$=') &.C.&#)$=+)%.r.2);SS-F$='):.$&':)Q) •! (#-1#=%/"-.17C-/#7%N-9#%15.#"%B5)7;?"#%% •! ,#77%-)"%K"5B%-$-/N#=%+-"-+#7E%-s/7E%/"-.17% •! Z#/N'%9#*41-45*%C"59)=#7%/5*7)7;#*;%=)1?45*% •! (#-1#=%/5B6?745*%5"%-11%#1#/;")/% •! f=$r.=?;=)';)C.=?&$?;=T)#;-2S.)S;='2;&)s).+-S$?;=) B$()&.$+)';):"9:.2)F;&&-'$=')&.C.&#)$=+):.$&':).h.S'#5))

H%!"#277#%#;%-1'E%FGHH]%R-/567E%FGHT]%,##/N%#;%-1'E%FGGU]%Q59#7)%#;%-1'E%FGGh]%@#)/N#*;N-1%#;%-1'E%FGHT]%35"")7%#;%-1'E%FGHF% F%:5N*E%FGHF]%@)175*%#;%-1'E%FGHT]%SBB#")/NE%^5.-"=

•!Z-Ñ5"%)BC"59#B#*;7%59#"%C-7;%UG%2#-"7% •!(411%B-*2%N5B#7%.);N%M>~%")70%% •!M>~%)*%'#FE%7)*+1#~% •!P)1;"-45*%/-*%+"#-;12%"#=?/#%C-"4/1#7% •!Z-*2%C#5C1#%;?"*%5k%9#*41-45*%-*=%\1;"-45*% •!Q);/N#*%9#*41-45*%*5;%-1.-27%?7#=%

hI% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% >,8)-$]$(/G-'A/'?'15$9,T,-.7$,-)$/0G-),7/013

^?"")/-*#%(-*=2% Z-L.#11E%&>%FGH_% hh% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% H?,()$-)8,-.,087$JHS7N$/0$A=/?./01$/07=?,F'03

HBCD hexabromocyclododecane% •! bioaccumulative •! thyroid disruption •! affects developing nervous system •! developmental neurotoxicity in mice

(1)=#%/5?";#72%5K%i5*%,?/-7E%`"##*%(/)#*/#%X51)/2%M*74;?;#%`eSS3%(&MS3&S%XO,M&j%M3(:M:[:S% +"##*7/)#*/#C51)/2'5"+% H?,()$-)8,-.,087$JHS7N$/0$A=/?./01$/07=?,F'03

TCPP tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate% •! accumulates in liver and kidneys •! affects nervous system development •! potential carcinogen

`eSS3%(&MS3&S%XO,M&j%M3(:M:[:S% +"##*7/)#*/#C51)/2'5"+% :9)$D-)G,=F'0,-5$D-/0G/E?)3

If the consequences of an action are unknown, but judged to have some potential for major or irreversible negative consequences, then it is better to avoid that action.

Source: Wikipedia

HGF% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% )-Å7/)#*/#'161'+59%

•!&5BC)1#7%C?61)7N#=% 7;?=)#7%% •!&")4/-1%"#9)#.% •!^)+N<1#9#1%7?BB-"2% •!X#")5=)/-112%?C=-;#=%

HGT% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% &),?895$!0.''-$Y0;/-'0()08$D-'8'G'?7$<'-$ EPA Resource&'()$Y0)-15$UE1-,.)73 for IAQ in Retrofits

•! `?)=-*/#%;5%B-)*;-)*%n%)BC"59#%M>~%=?")*+% #*#"+2%?C+"-=#7E%"#;"5\;7%5"%"#B5=#1)*+%

•! >CC1)#7%;5%#L)74*+%7)*+1#

M77?#7%;N-;%-")7#% >9,8$8'$?''C$<'-$ Y07=-)$+'-C$.')7$0'8$ !(E-';)$!"#$+9)0$ .)1-,.)$!"#$'-$7,<)85$ =?")*+%#*#"+2% .=-/01$,0$)0)-15$ <),7/A?)3 "#;"5\;7% ,=./83 JB'$P'$&,-(N3

HGU% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% N$CYJJ...'#C-'+59J)-ÅJN5B#7J"#;"5\;7'N;B1% S)7'=-G)7$j3 •! ^#-1;N2%X"5=?/;7% •! S*9)"5*B#*;-1%@5"0)*+%`"5?C% •! N$CYJJ...'#.+'5"+J% •! ^#-1;N2%!?)1=)*+%3#;.5"0àXN-"57%i-;-6-7#% •! N$CYJJ...'CN-"57C"5Ñ#/;'*#;J% •! `55=%`?)=#% •! N$CYJJ...'+55=+?)=#'/5BJ% •! !?)1=)*+`"##*%/N#B)/-1%-95)=-*/#%+?)=-*/#% •! N$C7YJJ...'6?)1=)*++"##*'/5BJ-95)=)*+<;5L)/

HGW% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% S)7'=-G)7$K3 •! O9#"-11%i#7)+*% •! !?)1=)*+%>B#")/-%(51?45*7%&#*;#"% •! N$C7YJJ6-7/'C**1'+59J% •! !?)1=)*+%(/)#*/#%&5"C5"-45*% •! N$C7YJJ6?)1=)*+7/)#*/#'/5BJ% •! M*=55"%-)"X,[(% •! N$CYJJ...'#C-'+59J)*=55"-)"C1?7J% •! SX>%Z5)7;?"#%&5*;"51%i#7)+*%`?)=#% •! %N$CYJJ...'#C-'+59J)-ÅJC=K7JB5)7;?"#

HGD% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI% O)?)G8).$S)<)-)0G)73

•! &N-*%@e%#;%-1'%M*%C"#C-"-45*'%Z#/N-*)/-1%9#*41-45*%C#"K5"B-*/#%-*=%?7#%)*%*#.%&-1)K5"*)-%N5B#7'%% •! &N-*%@e%#;%-1'%FGHI'%M*=55"%>)"%~?-1);2%)*%3#.%&-1)K5"*)-%^5B#7%.);N%Z#/N-*)/-1%b#*41-45*'%X-C#"%DTTE% X"5/##=)*+7%5K%M*=55"%>)"%FGHI'%% •! S01?*=%QE%#;%-1'%FGHW'%P3.&Q.$R1>0/F#)0$@#)&*#'I3"$6S#.IH#'#))$70-*J$B$3SS>%e#C5";%âSHW$!&>$FWYWFT~%C#"/#C45*7E%/5BK5";E%9#*41-45*%-*=%C511?;-*;%75?"/#7%)*%"#/#*;12%6?)1;% &-1)K5"*)-%N5B#7'% •! Ok#"B-**%PR'%FGGh'%b#*41-45*%-*=%M*=55"%>)"%~?-1);2%)*%3#.%^5B#7'%&-1)K5"*)-%S*#"+2%&5BB)77)5*%e#C5";% &S&E%,-."#*/#%!#"0#1#2%3-45*-1%,-65"-;5"2'%,!3,&'($@#)&*#'I3"$T#'I"3I1'$7J)0#4$!&>U1F)V$P3>0$W$B$X&#"*$6H3"-3I1'$1=$!&>U1F$E#0#>$ %#H&.#)$3'*$7J)0#4$X"1F$T#>&Q.3I1''%e#C5";%,!3,Y%,-."#*/#%!#"0#1#2%3-45*-1%,-6'%%

HG_% ()*+#"%<%IJDJFGHI%