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AMERICAN IORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, INC. April 1967 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL S O CIETY

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AMERICAN IORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, INC. April 1967 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL S O CIETY TIIE AJ~.ER..IC.A.N AMERICAN IORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, INC. April 1967 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL S O CIETY 1600 BLADENSB URG ROA D, N ORTHEAST / WASHINGTON, D. c. 20002 For United H orticulture *** to accumulate, increase, and dissem.inate horticliltumi information Editoria I Committee Directors 1967 FRA NCIS DE VOS, Chairman Terms Ex piring MRS. ROBERT L. E~IERY . JR. JOH N L. C REECH Louisiana A. C . HILDRETH FREIJERIC P . LEE Colorado DAVID LEACH C ONRAD B. LINK Pennsylvania CHARLES G . MEYER FREDERICK G . MEYER New York MRS. STAN LEY ROWE " VILBUR H . YOUNGMAN Ohio T erms Expiring 1968 FRANCIS DE VOS Maryland l\'IRS. ELSA U. K NOLL PR ESIDEN T Califo rnia VICTOR RIES JOH N H . WALKER Ohio A lexa.Tldria, Virginia STEWART D. WINN Georgia F IRST VICE· PRESIDENT ROBERT WINTZ Illinois FRED C . GALLE Pine M ountain, Georgia T erms ExjJi'ring 1969 JOH N P ATEK New York SECOND VI CE· PRESIDENT MRS. FRANCIS P ATTESO N-KNIGHT TOM D. THROCKMORTON Virginia Des j'y[ oines, Iowa L EON C S NYDER J\I[i nnesota EARL E . VALLOT ACT IN.G SECRETARY·TREASURER Louisiana GRACE P . 'VILSON FRED B. "VIDMOYER Bladensburg, Maryland N ew Mexico The A merican Horticultural Magazine is the official publication of the American Horticultural Society and is issued four times a year during the quarters commencing with January, April, July and October. It is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects. Original papers increasing the historical, varietal, and cultural know ledges of plant materials of economic and aesthetic importance are welcomed and will be published as early as possible. The Chairman of the Editorial Committee should be consulted for manuscript specifications. Reprints wiIl be furnished in accordance with the following schedule of prices, plus post­ age, and should be ordered at the time the galley proof is returned by the a uthor: One hundred copies--2 pp $7.20; 4 pp $13.20; 8 pp $27.60; 12 pp $39.60; Covers $13.20. Seco n~ cl ass postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland and at additional ma iling o ffi ces. Copyright, © 1967 by The Amen ca n Hort icultural Society, Inc. Th e American Horticultura l Magazine is included as a benefit of mem· bership in The Amer ican H orticultural Society, Individual Membership dues being $6.00 a year. APRIL. 1967 FORMERLY THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE VOLUME 46 • NUMBER 2 Contents Some Species of Crassula Known as the Jade Tree-FREDERICK W. COE- _______ 50 Some Plants of K yushu, Japan and the Kurume Azaleas-JoHN L. CREECH ____ 58 Sarcococca-THE HON. LEWIS PALMER.._____________________________________________________________ 70 Heaths and Heathers-HARoLD W . COPELAND ____________________________________________________ 75 The Gothenburg Botanic Garden, Sweden-HARRY ELKINS ___________________ __ _______ 80 Growing Rhododendrons in Houston, Texas--ARTHuR 1. COYLE-___________________ 85 The Gardener's Pocketbook Consider the Cala,bash-ALEX D. HAWKES ________________________ __ _________________________ 90 Dornbeya 'Rosemouncl', A New Cultivar-PAuL K. SODERHOLM_________________ 91 Hypericum frondosurn 'Sunburst', A New Cultivar- ROBERT L. PLAISTED AND RICHARD H. LIGHTY___ _______ _________________ __ ______ ___ 93 The Lost Elliottia-MARIE B. MELLINGER.._ ___________________________________________________ __ 94 Koelreuteria paniculata 'September', A New Cultivar JOSEPH C. McDANIEL AND SYLVESTER G. MARCH._ _______________________________ 95 Hollies on Cape Cod, Massachusetts-HAROLD W. COPELAND_________ __ _______ 96 A Book or Two _________ ________ _____________________________________ ----------------___________________________________ 99 APRIL COVER ILLUSTRATION Crassula portulacea. Plant 40 years old with trunk 10 \12 inches in diameter at base and six feet tall. Some Species of Crassula Known as the Jade Tree By FREDERICK w. COE'*' In April of 1772, Charles Peter Thun­ The common name used in the title berg arrived in Cape Town, South Afri­ well describes this succulent plant when ca to collect plants for Linnaeus and grown in the home under partly shaded incidentally to perfect his knowledge of conditions. The leaves are medium the Dutch language before going to the green, convex upward, thick and shin­ East Indies and Japan. At the time ing, much as one might expect leaves Japan would only allow trade with the carved of polished jade. In addition it Hollanders, so Dutch was a necessity for soon forms a thick, smooth, tree-like this Swedish pupil of Linnaeus if he trunk with drooping branches on speci­ were to collect in Japan. During his mens only IY2 to 2 feet high. This plant three years in South Africa he earned a appears quite different when in an open, name as the Father of South African sunny situation year around as it would Botany and collected thousands of speci­ be on its native mountain side on the mens while working as a surgeon for the Cape of Good Hope. There it will ulti­ Dutch East India Company (1) . mately reach ten feet or more in height. Then, as now, the preparation of suc­ The leaves are usually more upright and culent specimens was a difficult proposi­ the upper surfaces are concave from tion. You can well imagine that with the base to tip, while their color is in gener­ many beautiful flowering plants avail­ al a lighter green with a red border. The able for collection, the rather dull cras­ branches trend upwards, only drooping sulas may not have attracted as much when they become quite long. In a sun­ attention. It should be noted that some ny situation with poor soil the red bor­ of the crassula specimens collected by ders of the leaves are even brighter. him were not taken from the wild but This could very well be called the rather from his company's garden in plant without a name, and no matter Rondebosch and Cape Town (2). what is written, the taxonomists or com­ It is to Thunberg we owe the name mercial growers will be unhappy with Crassula argentea still in common use in the classification. The fact that it is a the 1930's when I first became interested succulent plant is the primary cause for in these plants. Vera Higgins has studied this difficulty, for this group is notori­ this genus more recently and she reports ously difficult to preserve as pressed spe­ that the original specimen of C. argen­ cimens. A maple leaf is easily pressed .tea preserved at Uppsala more nearly and forms a good dried specimen which resembles the dried leaves of C. arb ores­ will last for centuries if well cared for. cens than what is now in cultivation as Any attempt to press a branch of the C. argentea or C. portulacea. Her exper­ "J ade Tree" is disatrous. The leaves iments in drying specimens of these snap if the specimen is turgid and drop plants make her believe that the much off in <;lrying if partially wilted. Even rarer C. arborescens was Thunberg's C. with heat and pressure marked shrivel­ argentea collected in the company gar­ ling takes place and a final specimen den (2) . looks little like the original plant. The • Ross, California. species name Thunberg applies, "argen- 50 APRIL 1967, VOLUME 46, NUMBER 2 tea" (silvery), much more closely fits the silvery leaves of C. arborescens than C. m'gentea, the "jade tree." From the above it is already apparent the troubles that come about when it is difficult to make a good herbarium speci­ men on first collecting a new species. The plant with the silver leaves (C. arborescens) is very localized in distribu­ tion but was even then commonly culti­ vated (2). This further points to the original C. argentea not being our present "jade tree," for this plant is not highly regarded in South Africa. We now have a dilemma and the solution chosen by some has been to completely disregard the doubtful name C. argentea and place the jade tree under the name C. portulacea Lam. This name was applied in 1786 to plants grown for some years in the Jardin du Roi in Paris and named by Lamarck (2) . It would be pleasant if this were the end of the matter, but there is another plant which is considered synonymous or a variety of what should now be called C. portulacea. This is C. obliqua PHOTO BY AUTHOR ' A~t. which differs considerably in ap­ pearance, not only in growth habit and Crassula portulacea. Base of trunk of leaves, but also in having strongly sweet­ large plant showing smooth bark even scented flowers. The latter character is over stubs of broken-off branches. Crassula portulacea var. ohliqua. Base numerous rooted small plants from of trunk of old plant, showing rough branches which root after falling. bark and stubs of branches. Note the PHOTO BY AUTH0ft 52 THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE never mentioned in any description of the plant, yet it is the simplest way of separating flowering branches of C.' por­ tulacea and C. obliqua. In any case the material long in cultivation under the name C. obliqua is not found in the wild in South Africa and mayor may not be the plant of Aiton described by Solander in 1789 (2). There are other confusing matters related to this cultivated plant which also was originally collected in the garden at Rondebosch. Vera Higgins has decided that it is better to consider it a variety of C. portulacea. There is newer material of this species which apparently occurs in Cape Province from Little Namaqualand to Natal. Plants under the name of C. obliqua at the University of California Botanical Garden differ somewhat in appearance from the usual cultivated plants and represent plants collected near Queens­ town on Bowkerskop.
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