Gardening Without Harmful Invasive Plants
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Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees. -
Rediscovery of Crocus Biflorus Var. Estriatus (Iridaceae) 23 Doi: 10.3897/Italianbotanist.6.28729 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Italian Botanist 6: 23–30 (2018)Rediscovery of Crocus biflorus var. estriatus (Iridaceae) 23 doi: 10.3897/italianbotanist.6.28729 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://italianbotanist.pensoft.net Rediscovery of Crocus biflorus var. estriatus (Iridaceae) and its taxonomic characterisation Francesco Roma-Marzio1, Doerte Harpke2, Lorenzo Peruzzi1 1 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy 2 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany Corresponding author: Lorenzo Peruzzi ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vitor Miranda | Received 30 July 2018 | Accepted 3 September 2018 | Published 5 September 2018 Citation: Roma-Marzio F, Harpke D, Peruzzi L (2018) Rediscovery of Crocus biflorus var. estriatus (Iridaceae) and its taxonomic characterisation. Italian Botanist 6: 23–30. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.6.28729 Abstract The Italian endemicCrocus biflorus usually shows white or lilac flowers with three-to-five striking violet longitudinal stripes on the outer tepals, but unstriped plants were recorded in the past. These plants were originally described as C. annulatus subvar. estriatus, and subsequently recombined as a variety of C. biflo- rus. The rediscovery of such plants in Toscana gave us the opportunity to clarify their systematic relation- ships, so that we typified the name, and performed karyological and ITS analyses. These plants share the same chromosome number (2n = 2x = 8) and ITS sequence with C. biflorus s. str. Keywords Chromosome number, Herbert, Italian endemics, ITS, typification Introduction The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) consists of about 200 recognized species, ranging from western Europe and north-western Africa to western China, with a centre of diversity in the Balkan Peninsula and in Turkey (Mathew 1982, Harpke et al. -
Autumn Plants of the Peloponnese
Autumn Plants of the Peloponnese Naturetrek Tour Report 24 - 31 October 2018 Crocus goulimyi Chelmos Mystras Galanthus reginae-olgae Report& images by David Tattersfield Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Autumn Plants of the Peloponnese Tour participants: David Tattersfield (leader) and seven clients Day 1 Wednesday 24th October We made rapid progress along the motorway and stopped at Corinth to view the canal, which effectively makes the Peloponnese an island. Here we found our first flowers, the extremely common Autumn Squill Prospero autumnale, the striped, hooded spathes of Friar’s Cowl Arisarum vulgare, and a number of Crocus mazziaricus. A few butterflies included Long-tailed Blue, Lang’s Short-tailed Blue, Eastern Bath White, Mallow Skipper and a Pigmy Skipper. We continued along the newly-completed coast road, before turning inland and climbing steeply into the mountains. We arrived in Kalavrita around 6pm and after settling in to our hotel, we enjoyed a delicious meal of home-cooked food at a nearby taverna. Day 2 Thursday 25th October We awoke to a sunny day with cloud over the mountains. Above Kalavrita, we explored an area of Kermes Oak scrub and open pasture, where we found more white Crocus mazziaricus and Crocus melantherus. Crocus melantherus, as its name suggests can be distinguished from other autumn-flowering species by its black anthers and purple feathering on the outer tepals. Cyclamen hederifolium was common under the shade of the trees. -
Shrub List for Brighton 2010
Shrub List For Brighton 2010 Large Shrubs 10’ -20’ Tall by 6’ – 25’ wide Acer ginnala Amur Maple Acer tataricum Tatarian Maple (better than Amur Maple) Acer grandidentatum Bigtooth Maple Amelanchier alnifolia Saskatoon Serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis Shadblow Serviceberry Caragana arborescens Siberian Peashrub Cercocarpus ledifolius Mountain Mahogany Cotoneaster lucidus Peking Cotoneaster Cowania mexicana Quince Bush, Cliffrose Crataefus ambigua Russian Hawthorn Forestiera neomexicana New Mexican Privet Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Juniperus species Juniper Kolkwitzia amabilis Beauty Bush Pinus mugo Mugo Pine species Prunus americana American Plum Prunus virginiana ‘Shubert’ Canada Red Chokecherry Ptelea trifoliata Wafer Ash or Hop tree Quercus gambelii Gambel Oak Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac Robinia neomexicana New Mexico Locust Sambucus species Elders Shepherdia argentea Buffaloberry Syringa vulgaris Common Lilac Viburnum lantana Wayfaring Tree, Viburnum Medium Size Shrubs >10’ high by >8’ wide Amorpha fruticosa False Indigo Atriplex canescens Fourwing Saltbush Buddleia davidii Butterfly Bush Cercocarpus montanus Mountain Mahogany Chamaebatiaria millefolium Fernbush Chrysothamnus nauseosus Rubber Rabbitbrush Cornus sericea Redtwig Dogwood Cotinus coggygria Smoke Tree Cotoneaster species Cotoneaster Cytisus scoparius ‘Moonlight’ Moonlight Broom Euonymus alatus Burning Bush Forsythia x intermedia Forsythia Hibiscus syriacus Rose-of-Sharon Juniperus species Juniper Ligustrum vulgare Privet Lonicera species Honeysuckle Mahonia aquifolium Oregon Grape Holly Philadelphus species Mockorange Pyracantha coccinea Firethorn Physocarpus opulifolius Common Ninebark Prunus besseyi Western Sand Cherry Pyracantha coccinea species Firethorn Rhamnus frangula Glossy Buckthorn Ribes species Currant Sambucus species Elder Spiraea x vanhouttei Vanhouttei Spirea Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry Syringa meyeri „Palibin‟ Dwarf Korean Lilac Syringa patula „Miss Kim‟ Dwarf Lilac Viburnum species (dozens of different types) Small Size Shrubs > 5’ tall by >6. -
Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
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International Journal of Phytomedicine 6 (2014) 177-181 http://www.arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/index Original Research Article ISSN: 0975-0185 The effect of Cyclamen coum extract on pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Zahra Ahmadbeigi1*, Azra Saboora1, Ahya Abdi-Ali1 *Corresponding author: Abs tract Researches have shown that some plants possess antimicrobial activity and the ability to overcome Zahra Ahmadbeigi drug-resistant pathogens. Their frequent used in treatment of microbial infections has been led to isolation of the active compounds and evaluation of their antimicrobial properties. Cyclamen coum Miller is one of these plants with a secondary metabolite called saponin which has antimicrobial 1Department of Biology, Faculty of activity. Pyocyanin is one of the virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic Science, University of Alzahra, Tehran pathogen, causing lung diseases. The present study indicates the effect of cyclamen saponin 1993893973, Iran extracts on pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa. We prepared three different types of plant extracts (ethanolic, aqueous and butanolic) from tuber of C. coum. The effect of 0, 10 and 20 mg of cyclamen saponin were tested by agar disk diffusion technique. Pyocyanin purification was done from microbial broth culture and the extracted pyocyanin was measured by spectrophotometric method. Results showed that the production of pyocyanin was remarkably reduced by ethanolic extract of saponin. In addition increased saponin concentration led to further decrease in pyocyanin content. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Cyclamen coum; Pyocyanin; Antimicrobial activity es Bacterial cells communicate with each other through producing Introduction signaling factors named inducers. When bacterial cell density increases, the inducers bind to the receptors and alter the Extensive In vitro studies on plants used in traditional medicine expression of certain genes. -
BEDRI KARAKAS the Role of Sorbitol Synthesis in Photosynthesis of Peach (Prunus Persica) (Under the Direction of MARK W
BEDRI KARAKAS The role of sorbitol synthesis in photosynthesis of peach (Prunus persica) (Under the Direction of MARK W. RIEGER) This dissertation examines the hypothesis that polyol synthesis enhances photosynthetic capacity in peach and related species. Members of Prunus synthesize, translocate, and utilize sorbitol as their main photosynthetic end product whereas most other plants utilize sucrose for those purposes. First, I approached this hypothesis by examining eight genetically diverse Prunus species with various sorbitol: sucrose ratios and activities of sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH), principal sorbitol synthesis enzyme. Leaf photosynthetic capabilities (A), in vitro activity of the S6PDH and sorbitol contents of greenhouse grown plants were measured. I found an inverse relation between A and S6PDH activity of the species. This observation does not support the working hypothesis and that sorbitol synthesis enhances A. Second, I used two peach varieties (i.e., Encore and Nemaguard) to examine the same hypothesis within a single species by source/sink manipulations (i.e., fruiting versus non-fruiting, fruit present versus fruit removed, and shoot tip removal) and existing natural variation (i.e., leaf node position). In all cases, except fruiting versus non-fruiting and fruit present, photosynthesis and S6PDH enzyme activity showed positive correlations. Finally, I analyzed the response of S6PDH gene to shoot tip removal treatment in connection with S6PDH activity and A in potted Nemaguard peach plants. To document hourly changes, leaves were sampled three times during the day (i.e., sunrise, midday, and sunset) and analyzed for S6PDH gene expression and S6PDH activity. Sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA transcript levels significantly increased while S6PDH activity decreased 24-hour following shoot tip removal. -
Hardy Cyclamen. Thomas Hood Wrote a Poem Which Neatly Sums up How Most of Us Feel About This Time of the Year
Hardy Cyclamen. Thomas Hood wrote a poem which neatly sums up how most of us feel about this time of the year. It starts: ‘No sun - no moon! No morn -no noon! No dawn- no dusk! No proper time of day!’ The poem finishes: ‘No shade, no shine, no butterflies, no bees No fruits, no flowers, no leaves, no birds, November!’ Of course we have fruits and flowers at the moment and leaves too, they are hanging on late this year, but the glorious fire of Autumn leaves collapses into a soggy mush this month and many of the flowers that are left are the brave and pathetic last ditch attempts of summer flowering plants. Cyclamen hederifolium though, is still looking good after making its first appearance as early as August. This plant used to be called Cyclamen neapolitanum but is no longer known by that name. It is a little gem with ivy shaped leaves, hence the name ‘hederifolium’ which means ivy-leafed. The heart-shaped leaves differ enormously in shape and size; most of them are exquisitely marbled in grey or silver. Sometimes the leaves appear before the flowers, sometimes the flowers appear first, and sometimes they come together. The flowers have five reflex petals and they come in varying shades of pink with a deep v-shaped magenta blotch at the base. There is enormous variation in the shape and size of the flowers. Some of mine are as big as the florist’s cyclamen, Cyclamen persicum which of course is not hardy. The lovely white form is equally desirable. -
Taxa Named in Honor of Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz
TAXA NAMED IN HONOR OF IHSAN A. AL-SHEHBAZ 1. Tribe Shehbazieae D. A. German, Turczaninowia 17(4): 22. 2014. 2. Shehbazia D. A. German, Turczaninowia 17(4): 20. 2014. 3. Shehbazia tibetica (Maxim.) D. A. German, Turczaninowia 17(4): 20. 2014. 4. Astragalus shehbazii Zarre & Podlech, Feddes Repert. 116: 70. 2005. 5. Bornmuellerantha alshehbaziana Dönmez & Mutlu, Novon 20: 265. 2010. 6. Centaurea shahbazii Ranjbar & Negaresh, Edinb. J. Bot. 71: 1. 2014. 7. Draba alshehbazii Klimeš & D. A. German, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158: 750. 2008. 8. Ferula shehbaziana S. A. Ahmad, Harvard Pap. Bot. 18: 99. 2013. 9. Matthiola shehbazii Ranjbar & Karami, Nordic J. Bot. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00326.x, 10. Plocama alshehbazii F. O. Khass., D. Khamr., U. Khuzh. & Achilova, Stapfia 101: 25. 2014. 11. Alshehbazia Salariato & Zuloaga, Kew Bulletin …….. 2015 12. Alshehbzia hauthalii (Gilg & Muschl.) Salariato & Zuloaga 13. Ihsanalshehbazia Tahir Ali & Thines, Taxon 65: 93. 2016. 14. Ihsanalshehbazia granatensis (Boiss. & Reuter) Tahir Ali & Thines, Taxon 65. 93. 2016. 15. Aubrieta alshehbazii Dönmez, Uǧurlu & M.A.Koch, Phytotaxa 299. 104. 2017. 16. Silene shehbazii S.A.Ahmad, Novon 25: 131. 2017. PUBLICATIONS OF IHSAN A. AL-SHEHBAZ 1973 1. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1973. The biosystematics of the genus Thelypodium (Cruciferae). Contrib. Gray Herb. 204: 3-148. 1977 2. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1977. Protogyny, Cruciferae. Syst. Bot. 2: 327-333. 3. A. R. Al-Mayah & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1977. Chromosome numbers for some Leguminosae from Iraq. Bot. Notiser 130: 437-440. 1978 4. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1978. Chromosome number reports, certain Cruciferae from Iraq. -
Native Or Suitable Plants City of Mccall
Native or Suitable Plants City of McCall The following list of plants is presented to assist the developer, business owner, or homeowner in selecting plants for landscaping. The list is by no means complete, but is a recommended selection of plants which are either native or have been successfully introduced to our area. Successful landscaping, however, requires much more than just the selection of plants. Unless you have some experience, it is suggested than you employ the services of a trained or otherwise experienced landscaper, arborist, or forester. For best results it is recommended that careful consideration be made in purchasing the plants from the local nurseries (i.e. Cascade, McCall, and New Meadows). Plants brought in from the Treasure Valley may not survive our local weather conditions, microsites, and higher elevations. Timing can also be a serious consideration as the plants may have already broken dormancy and can be damaged by our late frosts. Appendix B SELECTED IDAHO NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR VALLEY COUNTY GROWING CONDITIONS Trees & Shrubs Acer circinatum (Vine Maple). Shrub or small tree 15-20' tall, Pacific Northwest native. Bright scarlet-orange fall foliage. Excellent ornamental. Alnus incana (Mountain Alder). A large shrub, useful for mid to high elevation riparian plantings. Good plant for stream bank shelter and stabilization. Nitrogen fixing root system. Alnus sinuata (Sitka Alder). A shrub, 6-1 5' tall. Grows well on moist slopes or stream banks. Excellent shrub for erosion control and riparian restoration. Nitrogen fixing root system. Amelanchier alnifolia (Serviceberry). One of the earlier shrubs to blossom out in the spring. -
Ceratostigma
Ceratostigma Ceratostigma (/ˌsɛrətoʊˈstɪɡmə, sɪˌræ-/), or leadwort, plumbago, is a genus of eight species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Common names are shared with the genus Plumbago. They are flowering herbaceous plants, subshrubs, or small shrubs growing to 0.3–1 m (0.98– 3.28 ft) tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, 1–9 cm long, usually with a hairy margin. Some of the species are evergreen, others deciduous. The flowers are produced in a compact inflorescence, each flower with a five-lobed corolla; flower colour varies from pale to dark blue to red-purple. The fruit is a small bristly capsule containing a single seed. Selected species Ceratostigma plumbaginoides (Bunge) Ceratostigma willmottianum Stapf Cultivation and uses Plants of this genus are valued in the garden for their late summer flower colour and their autumn leaf colour. The following varieties have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017): Ceratostigma has been listed as one of the 38 plants that are used to prepare Bach flower remedies, a kind of alternative medicine promoted for its effect on mental and emotional health. Ceratostigma plumbaginoides, commonly called plumbago or leadwort, is a wiry, mat-forming perennial which spreads by rhizomes to form an attractive ground cover. Typically grows 6-10" tall on generally erect stems rising from the rhizomes. Oval to obovate, shiny, medium green leaves (to 2" long) turn bronze-red in autumn. Terminal clusters of 5-petaled, gentian blue flowers (1/2 to 3/4" diameter) appear above the foliage over a long summer to frost bloom period.