Gardening Without Harmful Invasive Plants

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Gardening without harmful invasive plants A guide to plants you can use in place of invasive non-natives Supported by: This guide, produced by the wild plant conservation charity Gardening Plantlife and the Royal Horticultural Society, can help you choose without plants that are less likely to cause problems to the environment should they escape from your garden. Even the most diligent harmful gardener cannot ensure that their plants do not escape over the invasive garden wall (as berries and seeds may be carried away by birds or plants the wind), so we hope you will ﬁ nd this helpful.

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With over 70,000 plants to choose from and with new varieties being evoevoevoevoee plants, for example in a local stream or introduced each year, it is no wonder we are a nation of gardeners. ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr © woodland, is an offence. Government also However, a few plants can cause you and our environment problems. has powers to ban the sale of invasive These are known as invasive non-native plants. Although they plants. At the time of producing this comprise a small minority of all the plants available to buy for your booklet there were no sales bans, but it An unsuspecting sheep fl ounders in a garden, the impact they can have is extensive and may be irreversible. river. Invasive Floating Pennywort can is worth checking on the websites below Around 60% of the invasive non-native plant species damaging our cause water to appear as solid ground. to fi nd the latest legislation that may be natural habitats originate from gardens and garden ponds. relevant to you: Department for Environment Some invasive non-native plants might be Food and Rural Affairs - www.defra.gov.uk straightforward for you to keep in check in your Scottish Government - garden or garden pond if you can tend to them www.scotland.gov.uk/invasivespecies frequently, but in the wider countryside, where such pruning and weeding effort is not feasible, At the moment, many invasive plants are still available to buy from these plants can cause problems for native plants garden centres, aquatics centres and other plant retailers. Cuttings and animals. Trying to get rid of problem plants from a friend’s garden may be taken from invasive plants. from natural habitats, especially important nature Make sure you know what you are buying and take conservation sites, is expensive and diffi cult. care before giving or accepting cuttings! Often complete eradication of such plants from the wild becomes impossible, and many hundreds of These websites provide more information about invasive thousands of pounds are spent each year in an effort plants that you may have in your garden or pond and to limit their spread. how to remove them if you wish to: Other invasive non-native plants can cause you diffi culties too. They Plantlife - www.plantlife.org.uk may quickly outgrow their space or become entrenched so that no Royal Horticultural Society - www.rhs.org.uk matter how hard you try to eliminate them, and regardless of how Non-Native Species Secretariat - www.nonnativespecies.org much of your fl ower bed is dug up, new shoots may keep on appearing. Alternatively, you can contact Plantlife on 01722 342730.

2 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 3 How to use this guide CONTENTS Our suggested plants are divided into eight sections PAGE Much of the fun of growing plants comes from the reward of Groundcover plants 6 beautiful fl owers, scents or foliage. Your choice of plants will often Naturalising plants (including bulbs) 10 also refl ect what you want a plant to do – such as provide nectar to bees and butterfl ies, be able to thrive in a boggy area of your Architectural plants 15 garden, or provide a screen to separate one area from another. Climbers / Plants to cover walls 19 Invasive plants have sometimes been used in the past for those Shrubs 23 diffi cult areas of your garden – a particularly exposed patch, for Trees 30 example, or where a bare wall needs to be covered quickly. Meanwhile Plants for wildlife 33 plants for other aspects of gardening, like summer bedding plants, Plants for ponds and bog gardens 38 are unlikely to be invasive. This booklet covers those areas of the garden where, traditionally, invasive plants have most been used. Cultivation chart & index 45

The notorious invasive plant Japanese Knotweed, popular in Within each section the recommended plants cover a range of different sites Victorian times, for example, was sought after for its grand size and cultivation requirements. For example, we list shrubs which offer spring or and attractive leaves. We suggest safer tall feature plants with summer ﬂ owers or stunning autumn colours, shrubs that are good for hedging attractive foliage to try in the ‘Architectural plants’ section. or providing background structure to your borders, and shrubs for sunny or shady spots.

Although the plants we suggest shouldn’t cause you undue problems, as always with gardening, no matter which KEY TO SYMBOLS Tolerant of Needs sun Needs alkaline Needs acid Needs plants you use you will need to manage your garden by shade conditions conditions drier soils / low light levels weeding, thinning and pruning at regular intervals. Please remember that ALL unwanted plant matter should be disposed Needs Attractive Attractive Fine autumn Bears Structural feature Windbreak of responsibly. Compost or throw unwanted plant matter into your wetter soils ﬂ owers foliage colours ornamental or screening/ green waste bin collection, or take it to your local recycling centre. fruit hedging The Be Plant Wise website has more information BOG Berries for birds Nectar Provides Submerged Floating Marginal / Bog garden about safe disposal of excess plant matter: source shelter/cover aquatic plant aquatic plant emergent plant for wildlife aquatic plant www.nonnativespecies.org/beplantwise Symbols under each plant highlight particular conditions the plant requires (for example, wet, dry, acid or alkaline soils, or full sun). Plants Happy invasives-free gardening! able to grow in shade are also indicated. A plant with no symbols is able to cope with a broad range of conditions. The index at the back of this booklet provides full details of each plant’s cultivation tolerances.

4 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 5 Groundcover plants Groundcover plants Sunny/exposed sites Sunny/exposed sites Aubrieta deltoidea Geranium sanguineum var. striatum Aubretia Striped Bloody Crane's-bill Mat-forming perennial to 5cm tall with small, hairy leaves Herbaceous perennial to 10cm with deeply cut leaves on l

mm and brightly coloured cross-shaped ﬂ owers usually in long spreading stems. Produces large, very pretty, open omomomomoo ina comcomco s

shades of red or purple. Double-ﬂ owered cultivars are ctrct

rs.rs.rs.rsrrr ﬂ owers with very pale pink petals that are darker along the o eeeeee wewewe available. veins. Do oweowow

flfl ise l dfldfldfl yy y r wilwilwwwwwwwwwwwww kkkkkkkkk ©Ma©M ©uk©uk©uk Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Lathyrus japonicus subsp. maritimus Hardy Plumbago Sea Pea Rhizomatous perennial, woody at the base with wavy- Prostrate perennial with hairless, glaucous pinnate leaves d margined, bright green leaves (to 10cm long) turning red adad

rr and clusters of purplish pea ﬂ owers. heh ded

in autumn. Produces clusters of bright blue ﬂ owers in late eheehe ydeydeydeydeyyyyyy r ooo nn oorooroooo

Sn summer. M ee l Ml M fer iiiiiiiiiiii yy y ry ni ery ery ere nninninninninninninninninninninnn hhh ee JeJeJeJeJe ChChChCCC ©Je©J©J©J©©©©©©© ©©Ch©Ch©Ch©Ch©Ch©Ch© Frankenia laevis Silene uniﬂ ora 'Robin Whitebreast' Sea-heath Sea Campion 'Robin Whitebreast' Evergreen, prostrate perennial with tiny leaves and the Semi-evergreen perennial with lance-shaped grey-green mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

ooooo general appearance of a heather. Produces small, fi ve- leaves borne on prostrate stems. Bears white, double cocococococococccc .co.co.co.c ssssssss rsrsrsrsrsrsr petalled, pink fl owers. fl owers with cut petals. erserserserserererererererererereeeeeeeeee wwwwwww yyyyyyyyyy owowowowowowowowowowowowowowowowowooooo vv ow ow ow flflflflflfl dfldfldfldfldfldfldfldddddddddd DavDavDav ldflldflldldldll ii wiwiwiwiwiww ke kwikwikwkk ©Mi©©© © u© u© u© u© u© u©©©©©©©©©©©© Genista pilosa Stachys byzantina

mmmmmmmmmm Hairy Greenweed (pictured: cultivar ‘Vancouver Gold’) Lamb's-ear cococococc .co.co.co.co.co.co.co.c.c

e Deciduous, prostrate shrub with dark leaves to 1.5cm long Spreading perennial to 45cm tall with elliptic leaves to 10cm dendendendendendendendeddddddd r ararararararararaa m

gargaga which are covered in silky hairs on the underside. Yellow which are covered in thick white wool. Small pinkish ﬂ owers e

raerae pea ﬂ owers appear in late spring and early summer. are carried on woolly stems in summer and autumn. bb gsbgsbgsbgsg owers.co ﬂ kinkinkik ww. ww. ww. ww. ukwild © w©w©©©© © Geranium 'Mavis Simpson' Veronica perfoliata Crane's-bill 'Mavis Simpson' Digger's Speedwell Herbaceous perennial to 30cm tall with silvery, lobed Evergreen perennial bearing low, arching stems with pairs RHSRHS

ll/ll/ leaves. It bears open ﬂ owers (to 3.5cm wide) that are pale of stalkless, rounded, glaucous, leathery, toothed leaves to a dadadadadd

ndndndndndndnn pink with darker veins. 5cm long. Attractive racemes of blue ﬂ owers are borne in e ReReReReReReRRRRR dddddd Re Re Re Re Re late summer. a nana Ro Ro Ro inainainainainainainainainin y y brbbr nynyny ebrebrebrebrebrebrebrebrebeb onyonononononooo ZZZZZZ TTT © Z© Z© Z© Z©©©©©©©©©©©©©© © T© T© T© 6 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 7 Groundcover plants Groundcover plants Shady/sheltered sites Shady/sheltered sites

Astrantia major Viola odorata /// m/m/m/m/m/m/m/m/m/m/m/m/mmmmmmmmmmm oooooooooooo

Masterwort Sweet Violet cocococococococococococccc .co.co.co.co.co.co.c r krkrkrkrkrkkrkrkkkkkkk ckrckrckrckrckrckrckrckrckrckrckrc i i i Ground-hugging perennial to 90cm (though often less s Rhizomatous perennial bearing toothed, heart-shaped flflifliflflifliflflflflflflfl arsarsarsarsarsarsarsarsararaarsarsar w.w.w.w.w.w.w.wwwww.w.wwwww tttttttttttttt stststststststststststststst extensive) with glossy, lobed basal leaves and umbels of leaves and, in winter or early spring, perfumed blue or ww. ww. ww. wwwwwwwwwwwwww _st_s w f

r wr wr wrwr wr w small ﬂ owers surrounded by white, pink or red bracts. ofofofofof

UU white spurred ﬂ owers. _of__of lololo n WUWWWWWWWWWW yloyloyloyloyloyloyloyloyloylo TWUTWUTWUTWUTWTWTWTWTWTTTTT aa eaneaneaneaeaeaneane TaTaTaTaTaTaTaTaTaTaTTaTTTTT a Ta Ta Ta iaiaiai c lialialialialialial nnnnnnnnnnnnnn e /oc/oc/oc/////////oc/oc/oc// onon s memememmmmmmmm osoos monmonmonmonmomm amamamam tostostostos aa DaD hohoh © C© C© C© ©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©D©D©© p__ phophophophophophophophophophpp__ phophop Bergenia cordifolia & hybrids Waldsteinia ternata n e

d Elephant-ears Siberian Waldsteinia SSSSSSS Native f HHHHH RHRHRRRRRRR Robust perennials spreading on thick, branching rhizomes. Rhizomatous, semi-evergren perennial with lobed, toothed /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH hh shsh Leaves are large, glossy and paddle-like and purple-tinged leaves above which are borne bright yellow, open ﬂ owers to rshrshrshrshrshrshrr mamamm

in winter. The ﬂ owers are usually in shades of pink, borne 1.5cm across in late spring and early summer. hmahmahmahmahmahmahmhh cccccc n Botanic Gar itcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcititi

on ﬂ eshy stems. TTTT kly m TmTm Tm Tm Tm Tm TmTm hah ahaahaahaahaaha GrGrGrGrGGGGG Uli Lorimer Curator o Curator Uli Lorimer ora Broo ora ©Gr©Gr©G©G©G©G©G©©©©©©© © Fl Erosion control Leucothoe fontanesiana Calluna vulgaris Drooping Laurel Heather e fefefefefefefefefefefefeffff

Shrub to 2m or so with arching branches carrying evergreen, Variable shrub to 60cm with tiny, densely packed leaves and llll tlitlitlitlitlitlitlitltltltltlttttttt n anan

leathery, lance-shaped leaves and small white ﬂ owers in bell-shaped, often pink ﬂ owers. A great range of cultivars lanlanlanlanlanllanlal P g g/Pg/Pg/Pg/Pg/Pg/Pg/Pg/ggggggggg

spring. Variegated cultivars are available. Needs a sheltered selected for ﬂ ower and foliage characters is available. nn ss ononononononoooo eseseseseseseseseee LonLonLoLo

n position. hhhhh JonJonJonJonJonJoJ ahahah ah ah ah ahahaaaaaaaa rrrrr yy o dy dydydddd borborborborbobob nnn AnAn DeDeD ©An©An©A©© ©De©De©De©De©De©De©D©D©D©D©D©D©D©©©©©©©©©©© Pachysandra terminalis Crambe maritima

mmmmmm Carpet Box Sea-kale omom comcomcomcomco

en.en. Evergreen perennial spreading on smooth stems from Spreading perennial to 75cm tall with large, thick, lobed, ddd ard ard arararar which are produced deeply cut, glossy, dark green leaves. glaucous leaves and dense racemes of white, cross-shaped m eg co . aegaegaegaegaegaegaega r Small white ﬂ owers are produced in early summer. ﬂ owers in early summer. s r brbrb e sbrsbrsbrsbsb w o n ingingingingingingingingingingin

kkkkk dfl wkw.kw.kw.kw.kw kwil ©ww©ww©ww©ww©w ©u Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis Christmas Box e Low-growing, suckering shrub grown for its glossy, dark green, narrow leaves and small but fragrant, pink-tinged white fl owers produced in winter. The fl owers are followed by dark, shiny fruit. ©Christopher Whitehous 8 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 9 Naturalising plants Naturalising plants

Aethionema 'Warley Rose' Eryngium giganteum Stone Cress 'Warley Rose' Tall Eryngo SSSSSSSSSSSSS HHHH RHRHRHRHRHRRR

/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R/ Semi-evergreen subshrub with narrow glaucous leaves (to Architectural biennial (to 90cm) bearing a rosette of heart- hh mmmmmmmmmmmmmm ss rshrshrshrshrshrshrsh 1cm) and abundant racemes of pink, cross-shaped ﬂ owers oooooo

aaaa shaped leaves. Above these, cylindrical umbels of ﬂ owers cococcc .co.co.co ssss mamm rsrsrsrrr

hmahmahmahmahmahmhmhmhhhhhhhh in late spring and summer. are set upon a ruff of spiny, silvery bracts. ersererer ccccc tctct itcitcitcitcitcitcitcitciti owowowoooo ow ow o dfldfldflddd m Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm TmTmmmmmmmmmmmmm ldflldflldflldflldldldl aa wiwiwiwiww hahhhh kwikwikwikwkwkwk ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahahahaa r uuuu GrGGGG ©u©u© u© u© u©©©©© ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©G©G©©© Aubrieta deltoidea Iberis saxatilis Aubretia Alpine Candytuft Mat-forming perennial to 5cm tall with small, hairy leaves Evergreen subshrub with fl eshy leaves to 2cm long mmmmmmmm oooo and brightly coloured cross-shaped fl owers usually in rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

co (becoming fl atter on fl owering shoots). The small, white, .co.co ee s zezez shades of red or purple. Double-fl owered cultivars are lzelzelzelzelzelzelzelzelzelzelzelzelz erserserserserereeee cross-shaped fl owers are borne in late spring and summer. aaaaaa ww BaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBaBa Ba Ba owowowow

ow ow available. asasasaaaa dfld easeaseaseaseaseaeaeaeeeeeeeeeee ldflldflldflldldldldldll r drdrdrd wi ndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndndndndndndndnnnnnn kwikwikwikkk AAAA uuuu u ©A©A©A© A©A© A© A© A© A©A©A©A© A© A©A© A©A© A© A© A© A© A©A© A©© ©©©©©© ©u©u©©© ©© Campanula rotundifolia Lunaria annua Harebell Honesty ee ff

lif Spreading perennial to 30cm tall with heart-shaped leaves. Annual or biennial with toothed, heart-shaped leaves mmmmmm anta Slender stems bear nodding, bell-shaped ﬂ owers, usually above which appear racemes of four-petalled, bright purple cccc .co.co.co.co.co.c.c /Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl

in shades of blue. fl owers. Can grow to a height of 90cm. rs ersersersersersersersersersee manmanmanm owowowowowowo ow ow ow ew NewNewNew ldflldflldflldflldflldflldflldldldll i wiwiwi th thth kwikwikwikwikwikwikwkk u ©Be©Be©Be©B© ©u© u© u© u©© ll

welwel Digitalis purpurea Asphodeline lutea k ck ackacaca

Foxglove Yellow Asphodel Bulbs jbljbljbljbl s/ts/ts/ts/t

oo Biennial forming a neat rosette of hairy leaves in the fi rst Tall, fl eshy-rooted perennial forming clumps of narrow, t otootoot year followed in the second by graceful, one-sided spikes glaucous leaves topped by dense spikes of fragrant yellow ph /ph/p/p llll to 2m of tubular, purple fl owers with maroon spots on the fl owers. Grows to 1.5m high. om comcomcomcc kwekwek dddddddddd r. c inside. kr. kr. k laclaclac c Ro Ro Ro Ro R R iciciiii BBBBBBBBB

yyyy flflflflflflflflflflflflflflfl .fl mmmmmmmmmm w.flw.flw.w.ww onyonyonononon o wwww ToToToToT wwwww © T© T© T© T© T© T©©©© ©T©T©T©T© ww w Summer Echium vulgare Camassia quamash Viper's-bugloss Common Camassia

Bushy biennial bearing bristly, narrow leaves and in the Vigorous, bulbous perennial to 80cm producing bright g in

second year purple, pink-tinged, bell-shaped ﬂ owers in green, channelled leaves and large, upright spikes of star- yyyyyyy nynynynyn immii

onyonyonyonyon dense inﬂ orescences. shaped, showy blue ﬂ owers. hh hhhh thththththththththththtt SchSchSc nthnthntntntnt e AAAAAAA te t At At At At AtAt At At At At ttt rrrrrrrrr arararaaaaaaa netne uaruaruaruaruauauauauuu yyyyyyy tttttttttttt LyLy S ©Ly ©Ly ©©©© ©St©St©St©St©St©St©St©St©St©St©S©S©S©S©S©S©S Summer 10 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 11 Naturalising plants Naturalising plants Bulbs Bulbs Colchicum autumnale Crocus etruscus Meadow Saffron Tuscan Crocus Cormous perennial producing copious pink, goblet-shaped Cormous perennial to 8cm usually seen with lilac-blue

fl owers (to 15cm), followed by lance-shaped leaves. Double- fl owers that are silvery brown on the outside. Leaves are ot lotlot fl owered cultivars are available. produced after the fl owers. ululu BulBulBulB e pe pe pe ipipipi lipliplipliplil ililil SSSSSSSSS hilhilhilhilhihi HHH PPPP RHRR © P© P©©© Autumn ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©R©R©R©R©R©R© Colchicum speciosum Crocus laevigatus Giant Meadow Saffron SSS Smooth Crocus HSHSHSHSHSHSHSHSHSHSHHHHHHHHHH RR /R/R/R

h/Rh/Rh/Rh/Rh/Rh/Rh/Rh/Rh/Rh Vigorous, cormous perennial to 18cm with narrow leaves. Variable cormous perennial to 8cm with usually white r

arsarsarsarsarsarsarsarsarsarsarsarsarsaraa Goblet-shaped ﬂ owers are pink-purple, often with a white to lilac, fragrant ﬂ owers often with distinct feathering. mmm hmhmhh

chmchmchmchmchmchmchmchmchmchmchmchmchmchmchmchmchm throat. Flowers are produced simultaneously with the dark green, tt itiii TitTitTitTitTitTitTitTitTitTitTitTitTitTitTiTiTiTiTTTT linear leaves. mm m mmmmmmmmm am am am am am am am am am am amamamama hhhhhhh SS rahrahrahrahrahrahrahrahrahrahrahrahrahrahrahra GGGGGGGGGGGGGG G G ©RH©RH © G© G© G© © © ©©© Autumn Spring Crocus banaticus Crocus nudiﬂ orus Byzantine Crocus Autumn Crocus HSHSHSHSHSHS

h/Rh/Rh/Rh/Rh/Rh/R Cormous perennial to 10cm producing solitary, purple Spreading, cormous perennial to 20cm. Its purple ﬂ owers rs

arsarsarsars ﬂ owers. The outer tepals are large and boat-shaped, the with a long tube are produced before the narrow leaves. m hmhmh

chmchmc inner much smaller. Leaves are dark green and linear. n onononononononoo TitTitTitTit mmmm m SimSimSimSimSimSimSS am am am hh n anan an anananaa rahrar oo JoJJ ©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo © G© G© G©G©G© G© G© G©©©© Autumn Autumn Crocus biﬂ orus Crocus tommasinianus Silvery Crocus Early Crocus

Variable cormous perennial to 6cm carrying ﬂ owers which Variable cormous perennial to 10cm with pale-striped linear r n ererer jjerjerjerjerjjjjj

have yellow throats and can be found in shades of blue or leaves and ﬂ owers which can be pale lilac to deep purple. ii ntin ui meimeimeimemmm lll QuiQuiQui white, sometimes with purple striping. e DalDalDalDaDa hhhehehe he d op ed ed toptopto ff nfrnfrnf rrisrisrisris aaa ©Ch©Ch©Ch© Spring Spring ©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©M©M©M©©© Crocus chrysanthus Cyclamen coum Golden Crocus Eastern Sowbread Cormous perennial to 5cm with ﬂ owers which can vary in Tuberous perennial to 8cm with silver-patterned, rounded,

colour from pale cream to deep yellow, often with a purplish deep green leaves and ﬂ owers in shades of pink with swept erereee gergergergergergergergegegegeg

rrr suffusion on the exterior. back tepals. y a BarBarBarBarBar ii ei ei eiee mm hmhmh ihmihmihmihmihmihihihiii hhh ShSS ©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©Sh©S©S©S©©© Spring Spring Ro ©Ann Van 12 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 13 Naturalising plants Naturalising plants Bulbs Bulbs Cyclamen hederifolium Narcissus 'Hawera' Sowbread Daffodil 'Hawera' 00

007007007007007007007 Tuberous perennial producing waxy heart-shaped or Bulbous perennial producing multiple ﬂ owers per bulb, 2

a 2a 2a aa triangular leaves with pale patterning. The ﬂ owers are in each of which are buttery yellow and wide-spreading with a uriuriuriur gg

shades of pink, borne singly on upright stems and have short, broad corona. tttttt LigLig eeee beb rberberberberberberberbrbrbrbrbrbrrr y twisted, swept back tepals. ooooooo CoCoCoCoCoCoCoCCCC na Co anaaaa er c tertetetetttt sc oscoscosco PePePePePeP TT T ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©©© © T© T Autumn Spring Dierama pulcherrimum Scilla siberica

’s ’s ’s’s’s’s Angel's Fishing-rod Siberian Squill ie nienienienienienienieni ssssss AAA al Cormous perennial to 1.5m with narrow, grass-like leaves An An An An An An An

ialialialialialialial Bulbous perennial to about 15cm with shiny, lance-shaped // n o /o /o /o /o /o / nn tt and graceful, arching stems of pendant, bell-shaped ﬂ owers leaves and pendant, bright blue ﬂ owers to 1.5cm across. ennennennennennennennennen r motmotmotmotmotmotmotmm nnnnnnnnnnnnnn PerPerPerPerPerPerPerPerPeP in shades of pink. It requires plentiful water when in growth ooooooooo k ddd totot ttottottottottottottottottottotttttttttttttt akeakeakeakeakeakeakeakea nd ndnd ndnd ndnd and may be susceptible to hard frost. uuuuuu aaa e Te Te Te Te Te TeTe TeT DuDuDuDuDuDuDuDuDuDuDuDDDDD s asasas as a Du D D D n rr er yn tertertertertetetetetetetete ualualualualualualuu aynaynaynaynaynayn eee ElElE PePP nn ©El©El©El©El©El©E©© AnnAnnAnnAnnAnnAnnAnnAnnAnn Summer Spring ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©P©P©P©©© Herbaceous Architectural plants Fritillaria meleagris Angelica gigas

Snake's-head Fritillary Purple Angelica om Bulbous perennial to 30cm with delicate stems that carry Herb to 2m tall with toothed, pinnate leaves. Dark red comcomcomcomcom mmm heavy, pendant fl owers (to 4.5cm long). The fl owers are in umbels of fl owers are borne on red stems in late summer. om.om.om.om.om l bloblobloblobloblblbbb

shades of pinkish purple with dark checkering. Biennial or short-lived perennial. nd rararararara andandandand LiLiLiLiLiLiLLL kk

oo ark ark ark ark ark ark ioio rioriorioriorioriori b w.bw.bw.bw.bw.bw.bwww geggg ogeoge ww R wwwwww ©ww©ww©©ww© © R© R© R© R©© Spring Galtonia candicans Aralia cachemirica Summer Hyacinth Angelica-tree Bulbous perennial with fl eshy, lance-shaped leaves Huge leaves to 1.2m long divided into shiny leafl ets above t st and leafl ess stems to 1.2m tall. Bears pendant, white, which appear spikes of starry umbels to 3m tall.

horhor bell-shaped ﬂ owers that are each 5cm long. Soils need to uenuenuuuuu

be moist in spring and summer but drier over winter. orororo Gra Gra Gra Gra Gra Gra aylaylaylayayaaa eeeeee TT nene ne ne nenenenenenenenenenenenenennnnnnnnnnnnn e Te Te Te Te T nnn uu AnAnAnAnAnAnAnAn ©An©An©An©An©An©An©A©A©A©A©©© Summer ©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su Narcissus 'Actaea' Crambe cordifolia Daffodil 'Actaea' Greater Sea-kale fe ife ife ife ife ife ife ife ife ife ife ife ife ii ll tl

Strongly fragrant bulbous perennial to 45cm. The white Huge clumps of heart-shaped foliage to 1.5m across are ntlntlntlntlntlntlntlntlntlntlntntnnnnn aaaaaaa PlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlPlPlPP e

ﬂ owers have a short, cup-shaped corona which is yellow topped by branching sprays of small white ﬂ owers to 2m s le as/as/as/as/as/as/as/as/as/as/as/as/asasasaa ialii margined red. Leaves are narrow and hairless. high. mmmm V homhomhomhomhomhomhomhomhomhomhomhom e Ve Veee T e Te Te Te Te Te Te Te Te Tee e ndrndrndrndrnd i phiphiphiphiphiphiphiphiphipp exa oooo ©So©So©So©So©So©So©So©So©So©So©So©So©S©S©©© ©Al Spring 14 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 15 Architectural plants Architectural plants Herbaceous Herbaceous Datisca cannabina Rodgersia aesculifolia ssssssssss

Cretan Hemp Chestnut-leaved Rodgersia SSSSSSSSS antantantantantantaa H lll RHRH PlPl /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/ Pl Pl Pl hh n Slender stems to 3m bear delicate, dissected leaves and Large, wrinkled basal leaves are palmately divided and shshshss rshrshrsh tontontontontontontontotttttt

hhhh tassels of green ﬂ owers. bear branching stems of small pink or white ﬂ owers. Forms ghghgh mamam ighighighighighighighighighighigigii rrr hmahmahmhhhh BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBBBBBB c

Br Br Br Br B clumps to 1.5m across. tctc itcitcitcitii @@@ w @w @w @w @w@w @w @w @w @w @w @wwwwww m TmTm Tm Tm Tm Tm TmTmmm aa LaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaL La hahhhhh ahaahaahaahahaa r eveevee GrGrGrG StSSS ©Gr©Gr©G ©St©St©St©St©St©S©

Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum Group Thalictrum rochebrunianum g ungungungungungungungungununuuuuuuuu ooooo

Joe Pye Weed yoyoyoyoyy

Meadow-rue _yo_yo_yo_yo____ aaaaaaaaaaaaaa sasasasasasasasasas /sa/sa/sa/s/s Perennial to 3m with domed heads of purple ﬂ owers over Much-divided foliage bears frothy lavender and yellow s tostostostos SSSSSSSSSSSS HHHHH whorls of dark foliage. ﬂ owers to 3m or more in height. hoh phophophophophphphphphphphphphphpppp RHRHRHRHRHRR ////// /RH/RH/RH/RH/R/R/R ssss

m/m/mm pspp ggg ipsipsipsipipii om/om/om/om/om/om/om/om/om/om/om/om/om/om/om/om/omomomooo ngngngngngngngn llllll cccccccccccc .c illillilililii ungungungungungungungungungungungung r.cr.cr.cr.cr.cr.cr kk YoYoYoYoYoYoYoYoYoYoYoYoYoYoYoYYYY PhPhPhPhPhPPP cckckckckckcc Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Ph P ickickickickickickickickickickickickickickickiciciciii tttt

yy ttttttttttttttttt flflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflfl ryryryryrrr .fl.fl.. ottottottottottottott rry rry rry r w aaaaa Sc ww BaBa ©Sc©S©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© wwwwwwwwwwwwww ©Ba©B©B©© Ferula communis Veronicastrum virginicum Giant Fennel Culver's Root Robust perennial to 3m tall with fi nely cut pinnate leaves Perennial to 2m or more bearing architectural whorls of

and dramatic, much-branched inﬂ orescences bearing toothed foliage and tall wands of lilac ﬂ owers. n

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll umbels of yellow ﬂ owers. m ololololololololololololololololololololololoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo rmarma sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss asasasasasasasasasasasasasasasasasasasasasasasaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa rasrasrasrasrarararararararararrrrrrrrrrrrrrr G Go Go aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa C.CCC PaPaPaPPaPaPaPaPaPaPaPaPaPaPPaPaPaPaPaPaPaPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP C. C. P P iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii r aiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaaiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa e tertertertertt hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh e sssssssssssssssssssssssssss IsIsIsIsIsIsIsIIIIIIIIIIIII ©Is©Is©Is©Is©Is©Is©Is©Is©Is©Is©Is©Is©Is©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©I©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©© Grasses &bamboos

Levisticum ofﬁ cinale Astelia chathamica e nennennennennennen Lovage Silver Spear i tiotiotiotio ia riariariariariarir SSSSSSS a Herb to 2.5m tall with glossy, pinnate leaves and umbels of Clump-forming perennial to 1.2m tall bearing clumps of va HHH /va /va /va /va /va /va / RHRHRHRHRRR s /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R/R/R/R/R/

osososos yellow ﬂ owers in midsummer. broad, channelled, silvery leaves. Yellowish green ﬂ owers d tostostostostt rdrdrdrrr ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard arar

hoho are sometimes produced and followed by orange berries. pp phophophophophophophophophph ppp //// eppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppeppepepepee m/m/m/m/m h om/om/om/om/ ShShShShShShShShShSSSSSS Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh S cc ll r.cr.cr.cr.rr olololololooo rolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrororor ckckcc aa ickickickickickickicicicicici

CaCaCaCaCaCaCaCCCCC fl ©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©C©C©C©C ©fl©fl©fl©fl©fl©fl©fl©fl©fl Rheum palmatum Chusquea culeou Ornamental Rhubarb Chilean Bamboo A huge ornamental rhubarb to 2.5m tall or more with large, Erect, clump-forming bamboo with solid, yellow-green

deeply lobed leaves and upright spikes of small greenish stems growing to 6m in ideal conditions with a spread of nnn ananananaaa

tantantantantantatt ﬂ owers. 2.5m. aaaa rarr ara ara ara ara ara ara ara ararararararara h BhBhBhBhBhBhBhBBBBBBBBBBBBB Bh Bh Bh Bh B aaaaa SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS mamammmmmm lmalmalmalmalmalmalmalmlmll H RHRH VV ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©R©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©©©© 16 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 17 Architectural plants Climbers / Grasses & bamboos Plants to cover walls Fargesia nitida Actinidia kolomikta Fountain Bamboo Kolomikta SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS HHHHHHHHHHH RHR /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R/ Graceful, slow-growing bamboo forming clumps of slender, Vigorous twining climber to 5m or more, rarely producing hhhhhhhh shshshs rshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrsrsrr

aaaaa dark purple canes growing to a height of 5m with a spread its small ﬂ owers but bearing large leaves that become mamammmm ttttt hmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmhmhh of 1.5m. attractively variegated white and pink in the upper half. eee ccc tctcttt itcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcititiiii BeeBeeBeeBeeBeeBeeBeeBeeBeBeBeBBeBB TTT T a LaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLLL m Tm Tm Tm Tm TmTmTmTm TmTm TmTm Tm TmTmTmmmmmmm aa é hahahahhhhhhhh nénénénénénéné né nénénénnn ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahahahaha é rrrrr NéNé GrGrG ©Né©Né©Né©Né©Né©Né©Né©Né©©© ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G© Phyllostachys nigra Akebia quinata Black Bamboo Chocolate Vine Clump-forming bamboo with arching, slender canes turning Striking, purple, sausage-shaped fruits to 10cm long are

deep black. Grows to 5m with a spread of 3m. borne on a twining semi-evergreen climber. The leaves s nsnsnsnsnnnnnnnn insinsinsinsinsinsinsinsinsinsinsinininininini kkk

are in ﬁ ve parts and the fragrant brownish ﬂ owers are llllllllll iiiii ckckckckcc ickickickickickickickickickickic sisisisi asas DDDDD attractive. Climbs to 10m. B d Dd Dd Dd Dd Dd DdDd Dd Dd DdDdDd rrr y y By By y y yyy araraa eee llel warwarwarwarwarwawawawawaw hlehlehlehlehh oo s AsAsAs ©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©H©©©©© ©As©As©As©As©As©As©As©A©A Pleioblastus simonii Ceanothus arboreus 'Trewithen Blue' Simon's Bamboo Californian Lilac 'Trewithen Blue' SSSSSSSSS SSS HHHHH RHRHRHRH /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R/ /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R

hh Fairly small bamboo to 3m in height. The variegated cultivar Evergreen shrub to 5m or so with glossy, dark green, oval hhhh shshshshshsh rshrshrshrshrshrshrs rshrshrshr a 'Variegatus' has linear, white-striped leaves. leaves to 10cm long. In spring and summer frothy heads mamamam ma hmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmhmhmhmhmhhhhhhhh

of blue ﬂ owers are borne in abundance. May be damaged hmahmahmahmahmhhhh ccc tctctctcttt itcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcii itcitcitcitc TT by frosts. mTmTmTm Tm Tm TmTm TmTmm mm m Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm aaaa a hahahah haha ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaha ahaahaahaahaahaahaaa rr GrG ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©G©G©G©©© ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr© Stipa gigantea Chaenomeles japonica g rgrgrgrgrgrgrgr

oo Golden Oats Japanese Quince n.onon.on.on.on.on.on.on.on.on.onn.n.n.nn eeee dededded

rderderderderderderderdrr Forms dense, evergreen clumps over which are carried high Spreading, thorny shrub to 1m tall and 2m across bearing aa gagagg nnnnnnnnnnnnnn tgatgatgatgatgatgatg plumes of golden ﬂ owers. large orange-red ﬂ owers in spring as the glossy leaves o ofofofooooo sosososo isoisoisoisoisoisoisoisoisoisoisoisiii rofrofrofrofrofrofrofrororororrrrr u ccccc dddddd appear. The fruits are red, tinged with yellow and around ncn ad an ancancancancancancancancancancancancancanc MadMadMadMadMadMadMadMadMadMadM Kan b

4cm long. nnnn hbhbhhhhhhh thbthbthbthbthbthbthbthbthbthbththththt yn yn yn yn yn yn yn yn ynynyyyyyy ud lllllll uuuuu rururur olololololololoooo .ru .ru .ru .ru .ru .ru .ru .ru . rolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrororororororrr rtrrr wwww aa eee CaCaCCC wwwwww ©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©C©C©C©C©©©©©© wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww ©Ge©Ge©Ge©Ge©Ge©Ge©Ge©G©G©

Chaenomeles superba 'Rowallane' Japanese Quince 'Rowallane' Spiny deciduous shrub to 1m bearing glossy green leaves and scarlet ﬂ owers to 4cm across. Flowers may be followed eeeeeee

by yellowish fruit. cccccc arc arc eeee PePePePePe Pe Pe Pe Pe P aaaaa mamamamamamammmm mmmmmmm EE E © E© E©

18 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 19 Climbers / Climbers / Plants to cover walls Plants to cover walls Clematis cultivars Hedera colchica 'Sulphur Heart' Clematis Persian Ivy ‘Sulphur Heart’ 'Etoile Rose' (pictured) is a reliable small-ﬂ owered Large-leaved ivy with a large central, golden variegation

kk climber carrying nodding, bell-shaped pink ﬂ owers from growing to perhaps 5m. Tolerant of a wide range of rkrkrkrkrkrkrkr k

ekiekiekiekiekie midsummer to autumn. Place its roots in shade. conditions once established. dddd OdOdOdOdOdOdOOOOOOOO Od Od Od Od Od Od O O nnnn enenenenenenenenenenee eeneeneeneenee l hlhlhl SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS thltttt HHH KaKaKaKaKaK RH ©Ka ©K©K ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©© Clematis cultivars Hydrangea petiolaris Clematis Climbing Hydrangea eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee f lifliflifliflifliflifliflifliflifliflifli ttttt

'Hagley Hybrid' (pictured) is a robust large-ﬂ owered climber Deciduous climber with leaves turning yellow before falling. ntnt antantantantantantantantaaaa lllllll

bearing broad pinkish fl owers in summer. Place its roots in Grows to 10m or more and carries domes of white fl owers PlPlPlPlPlPlPPP shade. with bracteate fl owers at the margins. Avoid shallow, as/ m

chalky soils. homhhhh TTTTTTTT e T phiphphphpp oo SSSSoSoSSoSSSSSS ©So©So©So© Elaeagnus ebbingei Indigofera heterantha Ebbinge's Silverberry Himalayan Indigo SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS HHHHHH RHRHRHRH /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R/R/R/// Evergreen shrub to 4m with a dense, leafy habit. Leaves are Spreading shrub to 3m bearing pinnate, grey-green leaves rererererer shshshsh rshrshrshrshrshrshrshrsrsrrr e

leathery with silver scales on the underside. The ﬂ owers, to 10cm long on arching branches. Throughout summer aeae laelal mamammm eee be hmahmahmahmahmahmahmhmhmhmhmhhhh produced in autumn are small, white and extremely racemes of purple-pink pea ﬂ owers are produced. ccccc bbebbbbbbbbbbb oo itcitcitcitcitcitcii TTTTTTTT DoDoDoDoDoDoDD

fragrant. There are several variegated cultivars. Do Do Do e m Tm TmTm Tm TmTm Tm Tm Tm Tmmmm DeDeDeDeDeDeDeDeDDeDDDDDDD a De D iiiiiiiiiiii hahah didididididididid ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaaaaa idiidiidiidiidi r e G HeHeHeH ©Gr©Gr©G©G©G©G©G ©He©He©He©He©© Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen' Itea ilicifolia Spindle 'Silver Queen' Holly-leaved Sweet-spire ee fefefefefefefefefefefefefefefeff i lill tlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitlitl Evergreen shrub to 2.5m with ﬂ exible stems bearing waxy, Evergreen shrub with arching, ﬂ exible shoots to 5m tall anananananan lanlanlanlanlanlanlanlanlanlanlanlanlanlanlanlanll

PPPPPP white-margined leaves. White fruit opening to reveal with sharp-pointed, glossy leaves to 10cm long. Pendant /P/P/P/P/P/P/P/P// y/Py/Py/Py/Py/Py/Py/Py/y/y/y orange-coated seeds may be produced after the small racemes (to 30cm long) of small, greenish ﬂ owers make wawawwwwwww aaaaa hwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwahwh

ﬂ owers. a graceful display from midsummer into autumn. Needs nanananana o u outoutoutoutoutoutoutoutoutoutouououooo Z

SSSSSSSSS shelter from cold winds. eSe Se Se Se Se Se Se SeSe Se Se ottoooo SuS SS ©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©S©S©©©©© ©Sc©Sc©Sc©Sc©Sc©Sc Hedera algeriensis 'Gloire de Marengo' Jasminum nudiﬂ orum Ivy 'Glorie de Marengo' Winter Jasmine Large-leaved ivy with creamy marginal variegation with Deciduous shrub to 3m with wiry, green stems which bear

sssssssss long, easily trained stems. Tolerant of a wide range of pinnate leaves to 3cm long in summer. Bright yellow ﬂ owers mm aaaaaaaaaaa sasasasasasass SimSimSimSim

conditions once established. to 2cm across appear in winter and early spring. lll elelele ieie or ororororo vv B evevevev é Bé éééééé revrerrrrrr TT mm I/TI/TI/TI/TI/TI/TI/ omomom lomlomlom WWWWWWW a GWGWGW SaSaSa ©G©G©©© ©Sa©Sa©©

20 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 21 Climbers / Climbers / Plants to cover walls Plants to cover walls Lonicera periclymenum 'Graham Thomas' Trachelospermum jasminoides 'Variegatum' Honeysuckle 'Graham Thomas' Variegated Star Jasmine SSSSSSSSSSSS HHHH RH Strong-growing, twining climber to 7m. Very fragrant white /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R/R/R/

Glossy-leaved, twining climber with foliage margined and h shshshshshshshss rshrshrsrsrsrsrsrsrr

ﬂ owers, aging yellow, are followed by red fruit. splashed with white. Bears starry, fragrant white ﬂ owers a

in summer. Requires shelter from cold winds and may be hmahmahmahmahma tctct itcitcitcitcititii

susceptible to frost. TT m Tm Tm Tmmmmmm aaaaaaaaaa hahahahahh ahaahaahahahaha Gr ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©©©©©©©©©© Myrtus communis Vitis coignetiae Common Myrtle Crimson Glory-vine Evergreen shrub to 3m bearing a dense coverage of dark Vigorous, tendril climber with large, lobed leaves to 30cm green aromatic foliage and, from midsummer, white ﬂ owers across that turn yellow, then bright red, in autumn. aaaaaa sassss

with prominent stamens which are followed by black fruit. nnnnnnnn eleeeee ieieieieieiiii onononononononooooo

BBBBBBB Not fully hardy; shelter from cold winds. xtx é Bé Bé Bé Bé OxtOxtOxtOxtOxtOxtOxtOxtOxOxOxOOO m n nnn om lomlomlomlomlolo hn hn hnhn hn hnhnhn aaa oooooo JoJo Sa ©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©© ©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©S©S©© Pileostegia viburnoides Wisteria ﬂ oribunda cultivars sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ntntntntntntntntnnnnnnnnnnnn

antantantantantantantantantanananananaa Climbing Hydrangea Japanese Wisteria PPPPP Pl n

onono Evergreen climber to 6m with attractively leathery, oblong Numerous wisteria cultivars are offered. tontontontontontontontontontontontontotototototototototototototottttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ghgghghghghghghghggghghgg sssssssssssss

ighighighighighighighighighighighighighighighighighighigigigigii leaves and creamy white ﬂ owers in late summer. May suffer 'Yae-kokuryu' (pictured) has large, very fragrant racemes of rrrrr mmmm BrBr imim Br

in the coldest winter weather double fl owers. SimSimSimSimSimSimSimSimSimSimSimSimSiSiSiSiSiSSSSS r r oror oror oror or ororooooooo w @w w w wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww v aaaaaaa ev LaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL revrevrevrevrerererrrr La La La La La La La La L TTTTTTTTTTT eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee /T/T/// I/TI/TI/TI/I/I/I/IIII eve ttt WWWWWWWWWWWW StStStStStStStSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS ©St©St©St©St©St©St©St©St©St©St©S©S©S©S©S©S©S©S©S©S©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©GW©GW©GW©GW©©©© Shrubs Rosa 'New Dawn' Abelia grandifl ora Rose 'New Dawn' Glossy Abelia A vigorous climbing rose with arching stems bearing glossy Semi-evergreen shrub to 3m bearing glossy, dark green leaves and full, palest pink fl owers. Suitable for sun or leaves and fragrant pinkish white tubular fl owers that fall ooooooo

partial shade. A great range of climbing roses, providing for to reveal persistent pink calyces. usus ondondondond GerGerG

MM different aspects and effects, are available. M a o Mo Mo Moooo na n an ia fanfanfan tia r ©Or©Or Summer ©Ta ©Ta Stachyurus praecox Acer palmatum var. dissectum Early Stachyurus Cut-leaved Japanese Maple Deciduous shrub to 4m with arching stems and egg-shaped Rounded shrub bearing deeply cut, sometimes purple,

leaves. In spring stiff, hanging racemes of bell-shaped foliage that colours up well in autumn and is often k ss ckrckrckrckrckcccccc us lil nusnusnusnusnusnunun

greenish yellow ﬂ owers are borne on the bare stems. Needs accompanied by ornamental winged fruits. Protect from FliFliFliFliFliFliFliFliFliFlFlFFF nn ouoo YouYouYouYouYoYYY shelter from cold winds. cold, drying winds. on on on onon on onono hhhh h thththth th ththththtt kh kh kh kh uuuu o rur forforforforforforforforfofoff rru rru rru rru rru rru rrrr nn aaaaaa ununununuuuu ©un©un©un©un©un©un©un©un©©©© ©Fa ©Fa ©Fa ©Fa ©Fa ©Fa ©Fa ©Fa

22 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 23 Shrubs Shrubs

Aucuba japonica 'Crotonifolia' Elaeagnus ebbingei Spotted-laurel Ebbinge's Silverberry SSS H RHRHR Dependable shrub to 3m tall grown primarily for its glossy, Evergreen shrub to 4m with a dense, leafy habit. Good for /RH/R/R/R/R/ hh shshshshshshshshs rshrshrshrshrs toothed leaves (to 20cm long) which are speckled with background structure or screening. Leaves are leathery a rnrnrnr mam ornornornorn yellow markings. Small purple ﬂ owers may be followed by with silver scales on the underside. Variegated cultivars hmahmahmahmahm tc ghghghghgh itcitcitcitcitcitit TTTTT nghnghngh bright red berries. Grows best in partial shade. are available. Extremely fragrant, small, white ﬂ owers are LL m Tm Tm TmTm TmTm m m mmmm La La

y produced in autumn. haha rry rry rry rry r ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahah rr Te GrGrGrG ©Te ©Te ©Te ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©©© Buxus sempervirens Enkianthus campanulatus Box Redvein Enkianthus hhhhhh

Dense-growing, rounded shrub eventually to 5m but ththt Deciduous shrub to 4m or so with toothed leaves on whorled rthrthrthrthrthrthrthrtrtrrr tttt OOOOOOO O n On OnOn On On OnOnOn On On On OnOnOn On Onnnn orto responding well to pruning. Leaves evergreen, small and branches turning yellowish in autumn. Dainty, pendant, o Go dark green. Produces small and yellowish fl owers in spring. mamamamamamamamammmmmmmm bell-shaped, creamy fl owers (with red on the veins) are rmarmrmrmrm mm ooo FoFFF Fo Fo Fo Fo urmurmurmurm If positioned in full sun it will need a moist soil. produced in late spring. TTT ererere ferferfeff i n Tnn n nn a ninn nninninninninnnnnnnnnnnn rra rra rr eeeeeeeee JeJeJ FeFeFeF ©Je©Je©Je©Je©Je©Je©Je©Je©J©© ©Fe ©F©F© Spring Camellia japonica cultivars Escallonia macrantha Common Camellia Escallonia Evergreen shrubs to 4m or more, with glossy, toothed elliptic A fi ne shrub to 4m but easily pruned with dark, glossy,

leaves. A huge number of cultivars have been selected often aromatic leaves and tubular, rosy ﬂ owers. Good as a mm comcomcomcomccomco s.s.ssss rsrr

with large double ﬂ owers in shades of pink. windbreak, though may be susceptible to frost in inland ™™ ™™™™ wewewww 6™6™6™6™666666 areas. oweowoooooooo

66 flflflflflflflflfl 0606060606000000 dfldfldfldfldfldd 1061061061061011111 fffffff fffffffffffffffff wilwilwwwwwww iffiffiffiffifififiii kkkkkk clclclclclccc ukukuk ©cl©cl©cl©cl©c©c©c©©©© Spring ©uk©uk©uk©uk©uk©©©©© Cornus alba Forsythia intermedia White Dogwood Forsythia comcom

en. Hardy and resilient deciduous shrub to 3m tall bearing red Easily propagated, pollution-tolerant deciduous shrub

ard ard ard ard ard ararararar bark and available as several variegated cultivars. Good to 2m tall bearing bright golden ﬂ owers on bare stems in eg aegae

for background structure or screening. Grow in full sun for spring. Good for background structure or screening. t atatatatata sbrsbr

most striking stem colour. m nn umu ingingin DumDumDumDumDumDumDumDum w.kw.kw.kwww jj jajaja ja jajajajajj aaa ww wwww Ma ©ww©ww ©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma Cotinus coggygria Garrya elliptica Smoke Tree Silk-tassel Bush (pictured: cultivar 'James Roof') s/s/s/s/s/sssss ooo tt

otootootootootootooto Shrub to 5m with oval leaves turning rich orange and red Hard-wearing evergreen shrub to 4m with glossy, grey- mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm ooooooooo phpppppp cococc /ph/ph/h/ph/p/p/p/p/// in autumn and retaining whispy panicles after ﬂ owering. green, opposite leaves. Highly ornamental catkins are .co.co.co.co.co.co.co.co.co.co.c.c ss mmmmmmmmmmmmm usususuuuuuuu om tustustustustustustustustustustustustustustustustustustustututututututtttt comcomc pp Purple-leaved forms available. Coloured-leaved cultivars borne in winter and early spring. Good windbreak. ppppppppppppppp a rayrayray apapapa -ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-ap-a-a kr. kr. kr. k ssss uruuuu ccc perform best in full sun. ic ususususususuu liclic luslusluslusluslusluslusluslusluslusluslusluslusluslusluslusll murmurmurmur uuuuuuu ttttututtttt w.fw.fw y_y rturturturturturturturturturturturturturturturturturturturtrrrrrr ny_ny_ oo w hohohohohhhh enee ©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©ho©h©h©h©h©h©h©h©h©h©©©© ©ww©ww©ww©© kenkekekekekekeke

24 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 25 Shrubs Shrubs

Hamamelis vernalis Ilex aquifolium Spring Witch-hazel Holly Upright shrub bearing spidery yellow or orange ﬂ owers on Hardy evergreen shrub bearing spiny, glossy foliage when mmmm

bare twigs in winter and spring. The leaves turn clear yellow o

young. Available in a range of variegated cultivars. Female coccc .co.c.c ss in autumn. rsrs plants bear red berries. Good as a windbreak. ersers o ow ow o flfl ldflldfl kwikwk © u© u© u© u© Hebe rakaiensis Ligustrum lucidum Rakai Hebe Chinese Privet Dense shrub to 1m with glossy green leaves to 2cm long Evergreen shrub or tree easily pruned to size with glossy, thickly covering a rounded bush. The white racemes

dark green leaves. Variegated cultivars are available. Good r ernerner p of ﬂ owers (to 4cm long) are borne in summer. Good for for background structure or screening. l ee oeooo coecoecoecoecoecoecoecoc

sss hedging. Will tolerate maritime exposure but not very cold o Ha PasPasPasPasPasPasPasPasPasPasPasPasPaPaPP

winds. aur nnn an an an an an an an an anana lll A © M© ©Al©Al©Al©Al©Al©Al©Al©Al©Al©Al©Al©A©A©A©A©©©© Hebe topiaria Magnolia stellata Topiarist's Hebe Star Magnolia Dense, low-growing shrub to 60cm with glossy, grey-green Deciduous shrub, becoming spreading with age, bearing

leaves to 1.5cm long. Racemes of white ﬂ owers to 2cm are narrow leaves to 10cm long. Silky buds carried on the bare e

carried in summer. Good for hedging. Will tolerate maritime branches open into white, star-like ﬂ owers, 12cm across. os ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt

otototototototoooooooooooooooooooooooooooo exposure but not very cold winds. Shelter from cold winds and avoid transplanting. rin R GotGotGotGotGotGotGotGotGotGotGotGotGoGotGoGoGoGoGoGoGoGoGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

at oo k e keokeokeokeokeokeokeokeokekekekekekkk aaaa TaTaTaT Ann ©Ta ©Ta ©Ta ©Ta ©Ta ©Ta ©Ta ©Ta ©Ta ©Ta ©Ta ©T©T©© Spring © Hydrangea macrophylla Magnolia soulangeana Mophead Hydrangea Chinese Magnolia

Compact, deciduous shrub to 2m with opposite, broad Variable large shrub to 6m with dark green leaves to 20cm mmmmmmm oooooo

coco leaves to 20cm long. There are many cultivars which bear long. Large goblet-shaped ﬂ owers (to 30cm across) ranging .co.co.co nenenenen ineineineineineineineineineineiniiiiiiiii

domes of ﬂ owers in a great range of colours, some formed from white to purple. Shelter from cold winds and avoid s lll rsrsrsrr hlhlhlhlhlhlhlhlhlhhhhhh ererer shlshlshlshlshshsh of entirely sterile bracts and others with fertile ﬂ owers at transplanting. yayay WatWat eyaeyaeyaeyaeyaeyeyeyey

ll the centre. m mm im im imim ndlndlndln TT T © T© T ©li©li©li©©©©©©©© Summer Spring

Hydrangea serrata Nandina domestica sssssssssssss ttt ntntntntntntntntntntnn

antantantanananananan Lacecap Hydrangea Heavenly Bamboo ll PlPl Pl Pl n onononononono Deciduous shrub with opposite leaves to 15cm long and Bamboo like stems carry graceful compound, evergreen tontontontontontontontontontontontotot aaaa hh ghghghghghghghghggg

ighighigigigigigigigiiii fl attened domes of fl owers which bear colourful sterile leaves that turn vivid red in autumn and winter. Small, ama r y BBBBBBBBBBBBBB Br Br Br B B B bracts at the margins. Many cultivars are available. starry fl owers are sometimes followed by bright red fruit. Ao @@@@@@ ooo w@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w@w@w @w @w @w@w @w @w @w w rorororororororo

Requires a sheltered site to thrive. i aaaaaaa h LaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLaLLL La c eveeveeveeveeveeveeee uniunuu JJJJ ©J© J© J© J©J© J© © ©St©St©St©St©St©S©© Summer 26 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 27 Shrubs Shrubs

Olearia macrodonta Pieris japonica New Zealand Holly Lily-of-the-valley Bush Shrub, eventually to 5m, with holly-like, greyish leaves. Evergreen shrub of neat habit to 4m tall with toothed mmmmmmm

o Profuse heads of fragrant, daisy-like ﬂ owers are borne in cocococococccccccc elliptic leaves that are reddish when young. Panicles of .co.co.co.co.co.c. sssssssss rsrsrsrsrsrsrsrr sssssssssssss

erserserserserserserser summer. A good windbreak.

numerous urn-shaped, white fl owers appear from pink nsnsnsnnnn ensensensensensensensensensensensensensenseneneneneneneneneneee ww vvvvvv owoo o buds. Several cultivars are available. Protect young growth eveveveveveeeeeeeeee fl tevtevtevtevtevtevtevtevtevtevtevtevtevtevtevtetttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt SSSSSSSS ldflldflldflldflldldl S S i from late frosts. rr ererererere wi terter kwikwikwikwi © u© u© u© u©©©©©©© Spring ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©© Olearia haastii Sarcococca hookeriana ssss sss essessessessessessessessessessessesseseeeeeeeeeee rr Daisy-bush

PrPrPrPrPrPrPrPrPrPrPPPP Sweet Box Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr ntntnnnnn antantantantantantantantanananananananaaaaa ll Tough, bushy evergreen shrub to 2m tall with dark green Small, suckering shrub to 1.5m forming neat clumps of PlPlPlPlPlPlPlPlP Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl tt

atatatatatatatatataaaaaa leaves felted on the underside. Produces daisy ﬂ owers in

at at at at at at at at upright stems which bear glossy, broadly lance-shaped l ll ss allallallallallallallallallallalalalaaaaaaaa

summer. Good for background structure or screening. nsnsnsnsnsnnn

dddddddd leaves. In winter, clusters of sweetly fragrant, small white ndndndndndn indindindindindindindindindindindindindindindindindiniiii eveeveeveeveeveeveeveeveeveeveee TTTTT ﬂ owers form and are followed by shiny black fruit. StStStStStSSSS n Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn Tn TnTnTnTnTn Tnnn St St S aaa rrrrrrr sasass ter usausausausausausausausausausausausausausausausausausuuu PePePPPP © S© S© S© S© S© S© S©S© S© S© S©S© S©S© S©S©S©S©S©©©©© ©Pe ©P©P©P©P©P© Osmanthus burkwoodii Skimmia japonica 'Nymans'

Burkwood Osmanthus Skimmia 'Nymans' sese

Evergreen shrub to 3m with a dense habit and toothed, dark A spreading shrub to 1m x 2m bearing glossy, evergreen, ouo houhouhoho

green leaves. The small, tubular white ﬂ owers are extremely aromatic foliage. Fragrant white ﬂ owers and round, red iteiteiteite hh ssssssssssssssss WhWhWhWhWhWhWhWhWhWhWhWhWhWhWW nsnsnsnsn

fragrant. fruits are freely produced. W W ensensenen ev herherheh tevtevttttt ppppp SSSS opop r Sr Sr Sr SrSr Sr S toptoptoptoptoptoptopto e s i tete risrisrisrisris eteeteeteeteeteet © P© P© © © © © ©©©©©©© Spring ©Ch©Ch©Ch©Ch©Ch©©©©©© Philadelphus coronarius Viburnum betulifolium Mock-orange Birch-leaf Viburnum Shrub to 3m bearing toothed, deciduous leaves and highly Deciduous shrub with an upright habit growing to 3m tall. fragrant, creamy, cup-shaped ﬂ owers (to 2.5cm across) in The white ﬂ owers in early summer are followed by pendant tt early summer. clusters of bright red fruit which persist well through the at matmatmatmatmatmatmatmam hhhhhh tt

u winter. DuD Du Du Du Du Du Du D mitmitmitmitmitmitmit a jaj ajaajaajaajaajaajaajaajaajaaja mSmSm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm SmSm ii MM KiKiKiKiKiKK © M© M© M© M© M© M©M© © Summer ©Ki©K©©© Photinia fraseri Viburnum burkwoodii cultivars

Christmas Berry Burkwood Viburnum S RH Evergreen shrub growing to 5m but easily pruned to size. Evergreen shrub to 3m with dark green, shiny leaves. Globes / White ﬂ owers are carried in spring and young foliage is of very fragrant white ﬂ owers to 10cm across open from rsh mammm hmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmhmhmhh

bright red. Good for background structure or screening. pink buds and are sometimes followed by small red fruit ccc tctctctc itcitcitcitc Needs protection from cold winds. (turning black). T mTm Tm Tm Tm T wwwwww ewewewewewewewewewewee haha r ahaahaahaaaa BrBrBrBrBrB Br Br Br Br Br Br Br J ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©©©© © J©J© J© J©J© J© J© J© J©J© J©J©J©J©©©© Spring 28 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 29 Trees Trees

Acer palmatum Fraxinus ornus Japanese Maple Manna Ash Small tree bearing graceful, lobed leaves that become Deciduous tree to 15m with pinnate leaves that turn red in scarlet in autumn. Many choice cultivars are available. autumn. Creamy white ﬂ owers are followed by pendulous

clusters of winged yellow or red fruit. aaa sasasasasa elelelelee ielii BBBB é BéBéBéBéBéBéBé BéBéBé Bé oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo m tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttt om lom ottottottottottottottottottootoo Sa © ©at©at©at©at©at©at©at©at©at©at©a©a©a©©© Arbutus andrachnoides Liquidambar styraciﬂ ua Hybrid Strawberry Tree Sweet Gum

www Tree to 8m with peeling red bark and glossy, toothed leaves Conical tree to 20m with neatly lobed leaves turning deep lowlowlow rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr F that are glaucous on the underside. The small ﬂ owers are

bronze, red and orange before falling. For best autumn k n Fn Fn n nnn ckckckccc ickickickickickickickickicki aaaa

white and appear in autumn. Alkaline soils may be tolerated flflflflflflflflfl riariaria colour plant in full sun. Can tolerate alkaline conditions @fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@@@@@ tt z

but acid is preferred. Shelter from cold winds. rtrt AzuAzuAzuAzuAzA where soils are deep. erterterterterterterterterterteeeeeee bbbbb y by by mubmubmubmubmubmubmubmubmubmubmm to tot iiii oo kiki hoho ©ki©ki©ki©ki©ki©ki©ki©ki©©©© phophophopho Cercis siliquastrum Magnolia grandifl ora Judas Tree Large-fl owered Magnolia Deciduous tree to 10m bearing pink, pea fl owers which Magnifi cent tree to 10m or more with large, very glossy, appear on the bare stems. The attractive foliage is glossy bright green leaves that are rusty brown on the underside. aaaaa

sasasasasasasasa and heart-shaped. Bears huge, cup-shaped, fragrant white ﬂ owers. May be ll an el ielielielielielieieiiiii Pan

BBBBB damaged by very cold weather. B éBéBéBéBéBéBéBé BéBé Bé BéBéBé BéBéé éé en e i mm omomom Ch lomlomlomlomlomlomlomlomll a Li SaS © ©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©©©©©© Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet' Malus 'Golden Hornet' Hawthorn 'Paul's Scarlet' Crab Apple 'Golden Hornet' Thorny, deciduous tree to 8m. Bears a great profusion of Deciduous tree to 8m with a rounded habit. White ﬂ owers bright red-pink, very double ﬂ owers in late spring. in spring are followed by copious, spherical, golden yellow ssssssssssssssssssssss

esesese fruit to 2cm across which are carried over a long period. kkkkkkkkkkkk okokokokokokokooooo ookookookookookookookookookookookookooookookookookookookookooooooooooooooo rrrrrrrrrr BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBBBBBBB Br Br Br ddd idi SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS vidvidvidvidvidvivivivivivivivvvvvvv HHH aaaaaa DaDa ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©R©©© ©D©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©D©©© ee eeeeeee ve ve ve vevevevevvv i Crataegus lavalleei Nyssa sylvatica ttttttt nnnnnnnnnnn atiatiatiatiatiatiatiatiatiatiatiatiatiatatatatataa eneneneneneneneneneneneneneeee NNNNN d

Lavalleei's Hawthorn Tupelo rdrdrdrr fNf Nf Nf Nf Nf NfNf NfNfNfff ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ararararara ooooooooo G r or or or oror oror c Gc Gc Gc Gc Gc Gc Gc Gc GcGcGc Gc GcGcGcG iiii

Spreading, semi-deciduous tree to 7m bearing domed Broadly conical tree to 15m. Leaves produce spectacular o ni tot anianianianianianianianianianianianana atoatoatoatoatoatoatoatoatoato heads of white ﬂ owers followed by orange-red fruits to 2cm ﬁ ery shades in autumn. Shelter from cold winds and plant tttt u BotBotBotBotBotBotBotBotBotBotBotBotB CurCurCurCurCurCurCurCurCurCurCurCurCurCuCuCC

across that persist through the winter. out when young. n rrrr yn yn yn yn yn yn yn yn ynynynynyy er er erer er ererer ereee lll ssssssssss klklklklkl asasasasasasa mmmmmm i okloklokloklokloklokokoooooo PPPPPPPPPPPP rimrimrimrimrimrimrimrimririrr o iPi Pi Pi PiPiPi Pi oooo rorororor LoLoLoLoLoLoL Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro BBB drddd Lo Lo Lo Lo ndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndnnnn ii rarararararararararararrr ee UliUliUliUliUliUlUlUlUlUUU HHH lolo ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© FloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloF ©He©He©He©He©H©H©© 30 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 31 Trees Plants for wildlife

Parrotia persica Anthriscus sylvestris ‘Ravenswing’ Persian Ironwood Cow Parsley ‘Ravenswing’ Spreading tree to 8m tall bearing peeling bark and spidery, Biennial, or short-lived perennial, to 1m tall with lacy, dark bright red fl owers in winter and early spring. Produces fi re- foliage. Umbels of pink fl owers on slender stems are carried coloured autumn foliage. Grow in acid soil for best autumn early in the season. nnnn aa mamamamamamamamamamamamammmmmmmmmmm gagagagggg ugaugaugaugaugaugaugu

mm colour. oooo omomomomomoo DoDoDoDoDoDDD SomSomSomSomSomSomSomSomSomSomS Do Do D nnnnnnnnnnn an an an anan anananana ckickickickickickicki yy JaJaJ RyR ©Ja©Ja©Ja©Ja©Ja©Ja©J©J©© ©Ry ©Ry ©Ry ©Ry ©Ry ©Ry ©Ry ©© Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' Aster linosyris Cherry Plum 'Pissardii' Goldilocks Aster Purple-leaved deciduous tree to 10m bearing cup-shaped Clumping perennial with erect stems of golden yellow fl owers (2.5cm across) that are pink, fading to white. fl owers to 70cm high in late summer and early autumn. mmm .co.co s rsr h ers ghghghghghggg uuu o ououo ow fl HouHouHouHouHouHouHouHouHouHoHoHoH dfldfld ldflld y y i dy dy dy dy dydy kwikwikwkk CoCoCoC uuu ©Co©Co©© Late Season © u©u©u Sorbus 'Joseph Rock' Aster novi-belgii Mountain Ash 'Joseph Rock' Michaelmas Daisy Deciduous tree to 10m bearing pinnate leaves that colour Clump-forming perennial to 1.2m. Available as a wide range well in autumn. Spring white fl owers are followed by round, of cultivars mostly with violet, daisy fl owers in late summer

pale yellow fruit to 1cm across. and autumn. mmmmmmmmmmmm amamamamamamamama l e ieieieieieieieiiiiii clc dddddd yclyclyclyclyclyclyclycyyyyyyyyyyyyy ododo rodrodrodrodrodrodrodrodrodrodrodrodrodrod aca ca ca ca ca ca cacaca ca ca ca caaaaaa BBBBBBB rrr orororororororoooo or or or or m BmBm BmBm Bm Bm Bm BmBm Bm BmBmBm Bmmm flflflflfl i J © fl© fl© fl© fl© fl© fl© fl© fl© fl©fl© fl© © ©©©©©©©©© ©Ji©Ji©Ji©Ji©Ji©Ji©Ji©Ji©Ji©Ji©Ji©J©J©J©J©©©© Late Season n

Sorbus thibetica 'John Mitchell' Buddleja globosa ananana ww bw jbwjbwjbjbjj Tibetan Whitebeam 'John Mitchell' Orange-ball-tree /// om/om/

Tree to 20m or so with very broad, round, silver-grey leaves Erect, deciduous shrub with orange ﬂ owers borne in eye- r.cr.crr ickici

with heads of white fl owers in spring followed by yellowish catching spheres in June. May be damaged by hard frosts. fl fl fl fl ::: l: ililili fruit to 1.5cm across. zz razrazrara B B n Bn tha SSSSSSSSS a HHHH ona RHRR ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©R©R©© © J© J© J© J©© ©© Ceanothus thyrsifl orus Californian Lilac Dense evergreen shrub providing cover and shelter for

wildlife. Bears bright blue ﬂ owers in early summer. Hardy in SS SSS S SSSSSSSSS RHRHRHR /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R/R/R/R/R/R//////

all but the coldest areas. sssssssss pspspspspspspspppppp ipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipsipipi lllllll llllllllllllllll illillillillillilililililiiii hhhh PhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPPPPP Ph Ph Ph yy ryryryryryrr rry rry rry rry rry rry rry rry rry rry rry rry rrrr BaBa ©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©B©© 32 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 33 Plants for wildlife Plants for wildlife

Chimonanthus praecox Hesperis matronalis Wintersweet Dame's-violet Strong-growing deciduous shrub to 4m with glossy Biennial, or short-lived perennial, to 1m forming a rosette lanceolate leaves to 20cm. Nodding, deliciously fragrant, of basal leaves. Leafy stems bear cross-shaped fl owers to greenish-yellow fl owers are produced on the bare twigs in 4cm across, in white or shades of purple. z oooooooooooooo tztttt h winter. The fl owers are often stained purple inside and are rr WirWirW awhawhawhawhawhaw

kkkkkkkkk up to 2.5cm across. akakaaaa ug ugu nananannnnnnnnnn o DoD tatatata ©Do©D©D ©ta©ta©ta©ta©©©©©©©©©©©©© Early Season Evening / Night Chimonanthus praecox 'Luteus' Hyssopus ofﬁ cinalis

Wintersweet 'Luteus' Hyssop se s Deciduous shrub to 4m with open, clear yellow ﬂ owers.

houhouhohh Dwarf semi-evergreen shrub to 60cm with small, dense, tetet itei aromatic foliage and spikes of two-lipped, dark blue ﬂ owers h a WhWhWhWhWhWWWWWWW W from midsummer. sa el ere ieii hehhhhh BBB p é Bé Bé B top risrisriri lomlomllo hhh S ©Ch©C Early Season ©Sa©Sa©Sa©© Erica darleyensis Ilex aquifolium 'J. C. van Tol'

m Darley Dale Heath (pictured: cultivar 'Arthur Johnson') Holly 'J.C. van Tol' omo comcom

en. Low-growing shrub with needle-like leaves, bearing ﬂ owers Self-fertile tree to 6m with glossy evergreen, fairly spine-

ard ar in late winter and spring. Flowers are urn-shaped, usually free leaves and copious bright red berries.

aegaegaegaegaaa in shades of pink and form racemes to 10cm long. Many brbb sbrsbrsbrs

g cultivars are available. Alkaline soils may be tolerated. ingingingingini kkkkkkkkkkkkkk .k.k.k.k wkw.kw.kw.kwkww SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS w HH wwwwwwwwwwwwwwww RHRHRRR ©ww©© Early Season ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©R©R©R©©©©©©©© Hamamelis intermedia Ilex altaclarensis Intermediate Witch-hazel Highclere Holly

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS Shrub to 4m with upright branches which carry green leaves Evergeen shrubs providing cover and shelter for wildlife, M HHHHHH RHR

/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R////// (to 15cm) that turn yellow in autumn. In winter the bare with broad, glossy leaves that are variegated in many DOMDOMD ddddddddd rdrdrdrdrdrdrdrdrdr ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard arara

twigs bear spidery, fragrant ﬂ owers in shades of yellow, cultivars. Female plants bear fruit. May be damaged by AD pp pppppp eppeppeppeppeppepepepepepepeeeeeee

orange or red. Various cultivars are available. hard frosts. A MAAAA hhhhh ShShShShShShShShShShShShShShShShSSS Sh Sh Sh Sh llll oloo MERM rolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrolrororororororororrrrrrrr aaaaaaaa CA CaCaCaCaCaCaCCaCaC ©CA©©©© ©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©C© Early Season Heliotropium arborescens Kniphoﬁ a rooperi

Common Heliotrope Rooper's Red-hot-poker eeeee sesesesesesesesese uuuuuuu

Bushy, low-growing shrub best grown as an annual with Imposing perennial to 1.2m with clumps of broadly linear ou houhouhouhou e te dark, wrinkled leaves and fl at heads of violet-blue fl owers leaves and impressive, fat heads of red hot poker fl owers in iteitei WhWhWhW that are carried in summer. autumn. Wh Wh W W r s er w herherherhhh ewieweee LLLL op toptoptoptoptot E LE LE LE LELEE l rl risrisris a ChCCCCC ©Ca©Ca©C©©© Late Season ©Ch©Ch©Ch©C©C©C©© 34 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 35 Plants for wildlife Plants for wildlife

Mahonia media Nicotiana sylvestris ssss

Yellow Lily-of-the-valley Bush rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr Flowering Tobacco antantantantantantanananaaaaa kkkkkk ckckckc PlPlPlPlPlP ickickickickickickickickickickickickick Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl llll

FlFlFlFlFlFFFFF Upright shrub, eventully to 5m, with leathery, hairless, Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl F F Biennial, or short-lived perennial, to 1.5m tall. Produces a ononoo nnn tontontontontontontontontontontontototototot onononononononononononoo hh on on sharp-pointed pinnate leaves to 45cm long and racemes rosette of dark leaves from which emerges an infl orescence ghghghgggg ighighighighighighigig er tertertertertetete BrBrBrBrBrB aaa of fragrant yellow fl owers to 35cm long at the ends of the bearing strongly fragrant white fl owers with long tubes to Br Br Br Br Br Br B lal slaslaslaslaslaslaslaslasssss @@@@ h shoots. If planting in full sun requires damp soil.

bhbhbhbbbbb 10cm. May survive outdoors but best raised from seed each w@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @www aaa abhabhabhabhabhabhabhabhabhabhabhabaa LaLaLaLa ddd year. La L ndndnn andandandandandandandandandandand v eveeveeveee mmmmmm StS aa ©St©St©St©St©St©© ©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am Early Season Evening / Night Malus 'Golden Hornet' Sedum spectabile Crab Apple 'Golden Hornet' Butterﬂ y Stonecrop

Deciduous tree to 8m with copious, spherical, golden yellow ee

Easily propagated, fl eshy perennial with fl at heads of s .s d.sd.sd.sd.sd.s fruit to 2cm across which are carried over a long period. (usually) pink fl owers. For best wildlife value sterile hybrids r oro oorooroorooroooooooo fffffff

White ﬂ owers are produced in spring. should be avoided. Neutral, moderately fertile soil is best. afaf rafrafrafrafrararr c ecee iecieciecieciecieciecieciei llll llll ollollollollollollollollolooooo w.w.www SSSSSSS ww. ww. ww. ww. wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww wwwww RRR © w© w©w©w©w© w©w© w©w©©©© ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©R©R©R©© Late Season Matthiola longipetala subsp. bicornis Silene noctiﬂ ora dddddd nn an

Night-scented Stock Night-ﬂ owering Catchﬂ y lanl ng EngEnEnEnEEnEE

Annual with linear or lobed, grey-green leaves to 8cm long. Annual to 60cm with hairy leaves and upright sticky stems l al aa HHHHHHH

In summer four-petalled ﬂ owers (2cm across) in shades of bearing fragrant, yellowish, pink-tinged ﬂ owers which open turtu RHSRHSRHSRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRRRRRR /////// e/

pink and purple are borne in loose racemes. at night. /Na/Na ce/ce/ce/ce/cc ii tt tintin ntintintintintintintntntntntntntnn e arar rere MarMaMM Pre Pre Pre Pre PP ty ty ty ty ttt hn hnhh a KaKa ©Ka ©Ka ©Ka ©Ka Evening / Night Evening / Night ©Jo©Jo©Jo dddddd

Narcissus cultivars Valeriana ofﬁ cinalis ulu ouloulouloulo gg aaa

Daffodil Common Valerian tagtagtagta anianianianianana

Bulbous perennials ﬂ owering in late winter and spring. Pinnate-leaved, clump-forming perennial to 80cm tall or m/m/m/m/ om/om/om/

Flowers are mostly in shades of yellow (sometimes white more with upright stems bearing ﬂ at-topped pink or white r.cr.cr.cr le ck ickickickickickickickikikick

ialial

or pink) and have outer tepals and a central corona. Choose fl owerheads. flflflflflflflfl fl ddd ldld e V

single-ﬂ owered cultivars for best wildlife value. ulduldulduuu o ndrndnd GoG Go Go tttt itaitaitaitaitititit exa nn An ©Al©© Early Season ©An©An©An©An©An©A Nicotiana alata Viburnum bodnantense Sweet Tobacco Bodnant Viburnum Perennial but usually grown as an annual. Forms a rosette Deciduous shrub to 3m bearing toothed leaves to 10cm

of leaves from which emerge loose racemes of strongly that have a reddish tinge when young. The highly fragrant, rrrrr kk ckck ickickickickickickickii fragrant ﬂ owers, spreading at the mouth from a long tube. tubular ﬂ owers in shades of pink are borne in clusters at the sssssssssssssssssssss FlFlFlFlFFF Fl i nn wiwiwiwwwww

Flowers are greenish yellow outside and white within. ends of the branches. ononononon on on on ewiewiewiewiewiewiewiewiewiewiewiewewewewewewewe LLL t rthrthrthrthrthrthr ELELE LE LE LE LELE l rlrlrlrlrlrlrlrlrlr nfo nfo nfo nfo nf CCCCCCCCC © u© u©u© u© ©©©©©© ©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©C©C©©© Evening / Night Early Season 36 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 37 Plants for ponds Plants for ponds and bog gardens and bog gardens Callitriche stagnalis Myriophyllum spicatum Common Water-starwort Spiked Water-milfoil eee f liflifliflili Oxygenating perennial with narrow, opposite submerged Perennial oxygenator with whorls of deeply divided leaves nn antantantaa leaves that become broader in the open air. The fl owers are borne on stems to 1m or more. In summer small reddish /Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl/P/P/ hhhhhhhh thththththththththththththththththtttttt gggg small and insignifi cant, borne in summer. fl owers are carried just above the water. i aggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggagaa mimimimmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm GGGGGG smsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsssssssssssssssssssssssssssss w Gw Gw Gw G ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd ldldldldldl eeeee re oldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldolololololoooooooo dre dre dre dre dre d GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG n GnGnGnGn nn nnnnn nnnnnnnn ee ©An©An©An©An©An©A©A©© BeBeBeBeBeBeBeBeBeBeBeBeBeBBBBBBBBBBB ©Be©Be©Be©Be©Be©Be©Be©Be©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© Ceratophyllum demersum Myriophyllum verticillatum eeeeeeeee gegegegegegegegegegegegegegegeggggg

aa Rigid Hornwort Whorled Water-milfoil mamamamammm ImaImaImaImaImaImaImaImaI l l l

al al alalalalalaaa Submerged oxygenating plant with low light requirements. Perennial oxygenator with whorls of deeply divided leaves rr urururuuuuuu turturturturturturturturturtutu Perennial with stiff stems eventually growing to 1m if left a and linear leaﬂ ets borne on stems to 1m or more. In ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss NaNaNaNNN rrrr /Na/Na/Na/Na/Na/Na

unchecked. Leaves are dark green and forked into linear, erererererererererererererereeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

summer very small yellowish ﬂ owers are carried just above terterterterterterterterterterterterterterterterterterterterterttettetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee onsonsonsonsonsonsonoo PePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePePPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP Pe Pe Pe P P P b toothed segments. Prefers quite nutrient rich water. the surface of the water. nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn bbb ibbibbibbibbibbibbibbib anananananananananananananananananananananananaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianiianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianianiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiiiiiiiiiii G tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ststststststststststsssssssssssssssssssssssssssss b Gb Gb Gb Gb Gb Gb GbGb ististististististististististisisis rr KrKrKKrKrKrKrKrKrKKrKKrKrKrKrKrKrKrKrKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK BoBoBoBoB ©Kr©Kr©Kr©Kr©Kr©Kr©Kr©Kr©Kr©Kr©K©K©K©K©K©K©K©©©© ©Bo©Bo©Bo©Bo©Bo Eleocharis acicularis Potamogeton crispus Needle Spike-rush Curled Pondweed eeeeeeeeee fff eeeee if fefefefefefefefefefefe lifliflifll iiiiiiii Rhizomatous oxygenating perennial to 10cm with rush-like Perennial oxygenator bearing submerged, dissected, lilil t tlitlitlitlitli ntntn nnnn antantantantantan

ana leaves and ﬂ owers in spikelets to 5mm (not produced when almost transluscent leaves and leathery, ﬂ oating leaves lanlanlanlanlanlan PlPl /Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl P

t/Pt/Pt/Pt/Pt/t submerged). with very undulating margins. The ﬂ owers are very small gggggggggggg gggg a aggaggaggagagagagagagagagagagaaaaaaaaaaaa GGGG warwarwarwawawwwwwwwwww and whitish, carried just above the water. tetetettt w Gw Gw Gw GwGw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw ww SteSteSteSteSteSteSteSteSteStSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS e rererererererererererererr kk dre dre dre dre drdd ck ckckckckck ck ckckckckckckckckckckccccccccccccccc iiiiii AnAnAn NiNiNiNiNiNiNiNiNNNN ©An©An©An©An©An©An©An©©©© ©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©N Fontinalis antipyretica Ranunculus aquatilis e Willow Moss Common Water-crowfoot gegegege ImaImaImI l

Attractive, evergreen, oxygenating moss lacking proper Pretty annual/short-lived perennial with submerged al al al al alaa ururururur roots with shoots to 15cm long and tightly packed leaves branching stems and fi nely divided leaves and fl oating tur /Na/Na/Na/N/N/N///// r to 5mm. lobed, kidney-shaped leaves. Produces white fl owers (2cm) ss nsnsnsnsn onsonsonsonsonsonsonsononononooo ebeeeee at the water's surface in summer. Prefers shallow water bbbb uuuu bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb ibbibbibbib tu Stu with good nutrient levels. GGGG t b Gb Gb Gb Gb rtr o u BoBo Ku ©Bo©Bo ©Ku Hottonia palustris Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Water-violet Frogbit Perennial oxygenator with whorled, pinnate, narrow-lobed Stoloniferous perennial spreading on the surface of water m

leaves. Whorls of lilac, yellow-throated ﬂ owers to 2.5cm and producing rounded, glossy leaves to 3cm long. White, cocococcc .co.co

across are borne on upright stems that appear above the bowl-shaped fl owers, 2cm across, yellow at the centre are ersers ow rsrsrsr surface of the water in spring. borne in the summer. Less vigorous in deeper water. ow ow o dflddd KeK ldflldflldflldflldflldlllll Ke Ke Ke i S.SSS wwwwwww S. S. kwikwikwikwikwikwikwikwikwikwikwikwkwkwkw AAA uuuuu u ©A.©A.©A©A© © u© u© u©u© u© u© u© u© u©u© u© u©u©©©©©©

38 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 39 Plants for ponds Plants for ponds and bog gardens and bog gardens

Nymphaea alba Canna 'Endeavour' sy White Water-lily rte

Water Canna 'Endeavour' ene CouCo n, n, Perennial with ﬂ oating, rounded, dark green, often red- Tender, rhizomatous perennial to 1.8m with erect, glaucous, ard ard l Gl G uleuleul caca icaici

tinged leaves to about 30cm across. The starburst ﬂ owers paddle-shaped leaves and spikes of narrow-petalled red meme rmermermermrm an eee tantantanta VeVeVe enen to 20cm or more across are white with yellow centres. FOR ﬂ owers to 5cm across in summer and autumn. Lift tubers Ve Ve BoBoB Bo Bo s M.M.M M. M. uskuskusk LARGE PONDS ONLY. and overwinter in frost-free conditions. a ork ork ork IvoIvoIvo Ha Ha Ha w Yw Yw Y by by by o ndindi NeNe to to totototo Ne Ne hohhh phophophophophphphphpppp TheThe ©Ra ©Ra Nymphaea hardy hybrids Canna 'Erebus' Garden Water-lily Water Canna 'Erebus' There are many hybrids to choose from. Nymphaea Tender, rhizomatous perennial to 1.2m with erect, dark

S 'Marliacea Albida' (pictured) has cup-shaped ﬂ owers to green, paddle-shaped leaves and spikes of exotic salmon

RHSRHSRHSRHS 15cm across that are white with yellow centres. ﬂ owers to 8cm across in summer and autumn. Lift tubers nn/nn/nn/nnn and overwinter in frost-free conditions. dd Nu Nu Nu Nu vidvidvidvid Tony Ro Tony ©Da©Da©Da©Da © Alisma plantago-aquatica Canna 'Ra' Water-plantain Water Canna 'Ra'

comcom Perennial to 1m bearing linear submerged leaves and Tender, rhizomatous perennial to 1.8m with erect, slender, rs.rs. rosettes of long-stalked, lance-shaped, greyish leaves green leaves and spikes of exotic lemon yellow ﬂ owers in oweowe

dfldfldddddd above the water. Produces very pale pink fl owers to 1.5cm summer and autumn. Lift tubers and overwinter in frost- ard/RHS wilwilwilwilwilwilwwilwil

on much-branched inﬂ orescences in summer. Best in water free conditions. pp

©uk©uk 15-30cm deep. © Carol She © Carol Butomus umbellatus Chrysosplenium davidianum Flowering-rush David's Golden-saxifrage

Perennial to 1.5m with rush-like, twisted leaves emerging Mat-forming perennial to 8cm tall with hairy, rounded, ee rererere purple and turning green. Umbels of fragrant pink ﬂ owers dark green leaves and greenish yellow, cup-shaped ﬂ owers ere ere ere ere ere ere eeee la elaelaelaelaelael

to 2.5cm across are borne in late summer on tall stems. above leafy bracts. bbb bbbbbbbbbbb len obbobb D Al Grow in mud or water to 25cm deep. e DeDeD W. DDDD i Di Di dd vid eideideideid HH © H© H© H© H© H© H©© ©Da Caltha palustris Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea' Marsh-marigold Golden Creeping-Jenny

Rhizomatous perennial bearing kidney-shaped leaves to Prostrate perennial grown for its rounded, golden leaves in useuse oo

10cm long. Open, waxy, yellow ﬂ owers are carried on stems opposite pairs but also bearing yellow, cup-shaped ﬂ owers ehoehoe hithit

to 45cm in spring. in summer. WWW r W rr erererereeee ierierierierierierieri ccccccccc phephephphphphpppppppp p LucLucLucLucLucLu stostosto . ri C. C.C. C. hrihrihrih CCC ©J.©J.©J.©J©©© © C© C© C

40 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 41 Plants for ponds Plants for ponds and bog gardens and bog gardens Mentha aquatica Astilboides tabularis Water Mint Common Astilboides Rhizomatous perennial to 90cm with purple stems and Clump-forming perennial with large, round leaves to 90cm narrow, toothed, hairy and aromatic leaves. In summer long. Small, white ﬂ owers are borne on long stalks in eld

dense spheres of tubular lilac ﬂ owers are produced. Grows summer. Can cope with wet but not waterlogged soils. rv s

in water to 15cm deep. Plant in baskets to contain spread. este eneneeeee lel r W eleleeee SelSeSeSeSeSeSeSeS l ililil il il ililil sthe hhhhh Ph BOG E ©Ph©Ph©Ph©Ph©Ph©Ph©Ph©Ph©Ph©Ph©Ph©©©©© © Menyanthes trifoliata Carex elata 'Aurea' Bogbean Bowles's Golden Sedge Rhizomatous perennial forming fl oating mats of three- Rhizomatous, perennial sedge to 70cm, dying back in parted leaves with leafl ets to 6cm long. Erect infl orescences winter with leaves that bear a central, golden variegation. S HSHSHSHSHH

of white, star-shaped ﬂ owerrs are sometimes produced RHSRHSRHSRHSRHSRHRHRH

Small ﬂ owers are produced in spring and early summer. // nt/nt/nt/nt/nt/nt/ntn

her Whitehouse in summer. WILL NEED REGULAR TRIMMING; FOR LARGE uuu p HuHuHuHuHuHuHuHuH PONDS ONLY. Hu gggg ighihihigh L Christo

BOG ©Le ©Le ©

Myosotis scorpioides Darmera peltata f/f sf/sf/sf/sf/sf/sf/sf/sfssss

Water Forget-me-not Indian-rhubarb m-m-m-m im-im-im-im-imimi j s/js/js/js/js/js/j ooooooooo

Creeping, rhizomatous perennial with leaves to 10cm and, Slow-spreading rhizomatous perennial bearing umbrella- toto otootootootootootootootooto h

in summer, a profusion of bright blue, very open ﬂ owers to like leaves to 60cm across, preceded by heads of bright php /ph/ph/ph/ph/ph/ph/ph/ph/ph mm 8mm across with a paler eye. Grows best in water to 10cm pink ﬂ owers on long stalks. Will tolerate drier conditions in omom io comcomcomcomcomco tt rtrtr

deep. a shady position. kr. kr. kr. kr u icici KuKuKu ic ic ic Ku K fl i w.flw.flw.flw.flw.flw oviovioviovo ww u BOG ©Tu ©Tu ©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©w©©© Sagittaria sagittifolia Eriophorum angustifolium Arrowhead Common Cottongrass Spreading perennial bearing arrow-shaped leaves with long A spreading, perennial member of the sedge family growing

lobes at the base and 1m tall inﬂ orescences carrying white to about 40cm and producing spikes of cotton-like ﬂ owers hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ny ththththththththththththththththththththththththththtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt onyonyonyonoo

iiiii ﬂ owers to 2.5cm across. In deep water long, ﬂ oating leaves in summer. Survives in water to 5cm deep. h mimimmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm smismismismismismismismismismismismismismismismismismismismismismsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmsmssssssssssssssss may also be produced. FOR LARGE PONDS ONLY nthnthnthnthnnnnnnnnnn ddddddddddddd AAAAA ldldldldldldllllllllll t At A oldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldoldololololooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo r GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

uar n Gn GnGn Gn Gn Gn Gn Gn Gn Gn GnGnGn GnGnGnGn Gn Gn GnGnGnGnGnGnGn GnGnGnGnGnGnGnn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn tt eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee StSt

BeBeBeBeBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB BOG ©St©S©S©S©©©©©©©© ©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©B©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© Thalia dealbata Hosta 'Sum and Substance'

Powdery Alligator-ﬂ ag Plantain Lily 'Sum and Substance' SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH RHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR /RH/RH/RH/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R//////////////////

Perennial to 2.5m bearing lanceolate grey-green leaves Large, ribbed, heart-shaped yellow or green leaves and hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh shshshshshshshshshshshshshshssssssssss rshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrsrsrsrsrsrrrrrrrrrrr aaaaaaaaaa on long stalks. Striking, violet ﬂ owers are borne in slender spikes of bell-shaped lilac ﬂ owers in summer. llllll mamamamamamamamamamamamammmmmm olo hmahmahmahmhmhmhmhmhmhmhmhhhhhh

spikes in summer. Not fully hardy and may be deciduous in cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc MolMolMolMoMMM tctctttt itcitititititititiiiii ee TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT se se ses cold weather. mTmTmTmTmTm TmTmTmTmTmTm TmTmTm Tmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm aaaaaa WeeWeeWeeWeeWee hahahhhhhhhhhhhhhh ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaaaaaaaaaaaa y y y y y y y y y yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr oooooooo GrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGGGGGGG JoJo ©G©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© ©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©©© BOG

42 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 43 Plants for ponds Cultivation chart & index and bog gardens CONDITIONS X Iris ensata Japanese Iris garden Rock g Rhizomatous iris to 90cm with narrow leaves. Purple or PLANT PAGE reddish fl owers are borne in midsummer. Dry Well-drained Moist Wet Boggy Fertile Poor Alkaline Acid sun Full sun Partial Shade Submerged Emergent Marginal Floating Alpine/ Coastal Exposed Evergreen growing Fast Hardy Aubrieta deltoidea 6 Ceratostigma plumbaginoides 6 Frankenia laevis 6 BOG Genista pilosa 6 ©www.morrisarboretum.or Geranium 'Mavis Simpson' Iris pseudacorus 6 Geranium sanguineum var. striatum 7 Yellow Iris Lathyrus japonicus subsp. maritimus 7 Vigorous, rhizomatous perennial to 1.5m tall with lance- Silene unifl ora 'Robin Whitebreast' 7 fe ife ii ll shaped, greyish leaves and bright yellow fl owers with ntlntn Stachys byzantina 7 darker markings. FOR LARGE PONDS ONLY. PlaPlaPlaPl Veronica perfoliata 7 on/on/ tt

uttutt Astrantia major 8 eSe SeS o BOG Bergenia cordifolia & hybrids 8 ©Jo©Jo©Jo© Leucothoe fontanesiana 8 Iris sibirica Pachysandra terminalis 8 Siberian Iris Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis 8 Rhizomatous iris to 120cm tall with narrow leaves and Viola odorata 9 Waldsteinia ternata

bluish ﬂ owers. A parent of many ﬁ ne cultivars. 9 Calluna vulgaris 9 Crambe maritima 9 Aethionema 'Warley Rose' 10

Happy Banshee BOG

© Aubrieta deltoidea 10 Ligularia 'Gregynog Gold' Campanula rotundifolia 10 Digitalis purpurea Leopard Plant 'Gregynog Gold' 10 S Echium vulgare 10 RR /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R//// Award-winning hybrid with rounded leaves to 35cm long.

shshshss Eryngium giganteum 11 rshrshrshrshrshrshrsrrrr

aaa Bears pyramids (to 1.8m tall) of golden daisy ﬂ owers 10cm

mamamamammmmmm Iberis saxatilis 11 hmahmahmahmahmahmahmhm across in late summer and autumn. Needs protection from c

itcitcitcitc Lunaria annua TT very hot sun. 11 m Tm Tm m

a Asphodeline lutea 11 ha ahaaha BOG Camassia quamash 11 ©Gr©Gr©G©G© Colchicum autumnale 12 Zantedeschia aethiopica Colchicum speciosum 12

et Altar-lily Crocus banaticus 12 r.n

rtert Rhizomatous perennial with large, arrow-shaped, glossy Crocus biﬂ orus 12

chacha green leaves and big, white, arum-like ﬂ owers on stems to Crocus chrysanthus 12

wo@wo@wo@ 1m or more. May need winter protection with ﬂ eece or a n Crocus etruscus 13 nt intint nonno mulch.

p Crocus laevigatus lphlph 13 VerVer n .do.do an an Crocus nudiﬂ orus 13 w BOG ©Al©Al© wwwwww Crocus tommasinianus 13 44 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 45 CONDITIONS X CONDITIONS X Rock garden Rock garden Rock

PLANT PAGE PLANT PAGE Coastal Exposed Evergreen growing Fast Hardy Dry Well-drained Moist Wet Boggy Fertile Poor Alkaline Acid sun Full sun Partial Shade Submerged Emergent Marginal Floating Alpine/ Coastal Exposed Evergreen growing Fast Hardy Dry Dry Well-drained Moist Wet Boggy Fertile Poor Alkaline Acid sun Full sun Partial Shade Submerged Emergent Marginal Floating Alpine/ Cyclamen coum 13 Itea ilicifolia 21 Cyclamen hederifolium 14 Jasminum nudifl orum 21 Dierama pulcherrimum 14 Lonicera periclymenum 22 Fritillaria meleagris 14 Myrtus communis 22 Galtonia candicans 14 Pileostegia viburnoides 22 Narcissus 'Actaea' 14 Rosa 'New Dawn' 22 Narcissus 'Hawera' 15 Stachyurus praecox 22 Scilla siberica 15 Trachelospermum jasminoides 23 Angelica gigas 15 Vitis coignetiae 23 Aralia cachemirica 15 Wisteria fl oribunda cultivars 23 Crambe cordifolia 15 Abelia grandifl ora 23 Datisca cannabina 16 Acer palmatum var. dissectum 23 Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum Group 16 Aucuba japonica 'Crotonifolia' 24 Ferula communis 16 Buxus sempervirens 24 Levisticum offi cinale 16 Camellia japonica cultivars 24 Rheum palmatum 16 Cornus alba 24 Rodgersia aesculifolia 17 Cotinus coggygria 24 Thalictrum rochebrunianum 17 Elaeagnus ebbingei 25 Veronicastrum virginicum 17 Enkianthus campanulatus 25 Astelia chathamica 17 Escallonia macrantha 25 Chusquea culeou 17 Forsythia intermedia 25 Fargesia nitida 18 Garrya elliptica 25 Phyllostachys nigra 18 Hamamelis vernalis 26 Pleioblastus simonii 18 Hebe rakaiensis 26 Stipa gigantea 18 Hebe topiaria 26 Actinidia kolomikta 19 Hydrangea macrophylla 26 Akebia quinata 19 Hydrangea serrata 26 Ceanothus arboreus 'Trewithen Blue' 19 Ilex aquifolium 27 Chaenomeles japonica 19 Ligustrum lucidum 27 Chaenomeles superba 'Rowallane' 19 Magnolia stellata 27 Clematis 'Etoile Rose' 20 Magnolia soulangeana 27 Clematis 'Hagley Hybrid' 20 Nandina domestica 27 Elaeagnus ebbingei 20 Olearia macrodonta 28 Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen' 20 Olearia haastii 28 Hedera algeriensis 'Gloire de Marengo' 20 Osmanthus burkwoodii 28 Hedera colchica 'Sulphur Heart' 21 Philadelphus coronarius 28 Hydrangea petiolaris 21 Photinia fraseri 28 Indigofera heterantha 21 Pieris japonica 29

46 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 47 CONDITIONS X CONDITIONS X Rock garden Rock garden Rock

PLANT PAGE PLANT PAGE Coastal Exposed Evergreen growing Fast Hardy Dry Well-drained Moist Wet Boggy Fertile Poor Alkaline Acid sun Full sun Partial Shade Submerged Emergent Marginal Floating Alpine/ Coastal Exposed Evergreen growing Fast Hardy Dry Dry Well-drained Moist Wet Boggy Fertile Poor Alkaline Acid sun Full sun Partial Shade Submerged Emergent Marginal Floating Alpine/ Sarcococca hookeriana 29 Sedum spectabile 37 Skimmia japonica 'Nymans' 29 Silene noctifl ora 37 Viburnum betulifolium 29 Valeriana offi cinalis 37 Viburnum burkwoodii cultivars 29 Viburnum bodnantense 37 Acer palmatum 30 Callitriche stagnalis 38 Arbutus andrachnoides 30 Ceratophyllum demersum 38 Cercis siliquastrum 30 Eleocharis acicularis 38 Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet' 30 Fontinalis antipyretica 38 Crataegus lavalleei 30 Hottonia palustris 38 Fraxinus ornus 31 Myriophyllum spicatum 39 Liquidambar styracifl ua 31 Myriophyllum verticillatum 39 Magnolia grandifl ora 31 Potamogeton crispus 39 Malus 'Golden Hornet' 31 Ranunculus aquatilis 39 Nyssa sylvatica 31 Hydrocharis morsus-ranae 39 Parrotia persica 32 Nymphaea alba 40 Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' 32 Nymphaea hardy hybrids 40 Sorbus 'Joseph Rock' 32 Alisma plantago-aquatica 40 Sorbus thibetica 'John Mitchell' 32 Butomus umbellatus 40 Anthriscus sylvestris ‘Ravenswing’ 33 Caltha palustris 40 Aster linosyris 33 Canna 'Endeavour' 41 Aster novi-belgii 33 Canna 'Erebus' 41 Buddleja globosa 33 Canna 'Ra' 41 Ceanothus thyrsifl orus 33 Chrysosplenium davidianum 41 Chimonanthus praecox 34 Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea' 41 Chimonanthus praecox 'Luteus' 34 Mentha aquatica 42 Erica darleyensis 34 Menyanthes trifoliata 42 Hamamelis intermedia 34 Myosotis scorpioides 42 Heliotropium arborescens 34 Sagittaria sagittifolia 42 Hesperis matronalis 35 Thalia dealbata 42 Hyssopus offi cinalis 35 Astilboides tabularis 43 Ilex aquifolium 'J. C. van Tol' 35 Carex elata 'Aurea' 43 Ilex altaclarensis 35 Darmera peltata 43 Kniphofi a rooperi 35 Eriophorum angustifolium 43 Mahonia media 36 Hosta 'Sum and Substance' 43 Malus 'Golden Hornet' 36 Iris ensata 44 Matthiola longipetala subsp. bicornis 36 Iris pseudacorus 44 Narcissus cultivars 36 Iris sibirica 44 Nicotiana alata 36 Ligularia 'Gregynog Gold' 44 Nicotiana sylvestris 37 Zantedeschia aethiopica 44 48 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 49 s rsrsrsrsrsrr tette ttet h ChaCha ne nene rirr eriereee hhhhh thth athathatha © C© C© C©C© C© C

Chemical treatment is required to protect a rare fern in the New Forest National Park from invasive Parrot's-feather. Credits Please remember to dispose of all your garden waste Images used under Creative Commons licences (1-6): responsibly. Some invasive non-native plants can re-grow Attribution 2.0 Generic Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic from tiny fragments and impact greatly on the countryside. Attribution-Noncommercial 2.0 Generic Attribution-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 Generic Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic Images used under GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 Front cover image © Ben Goldsmith Inside layout design by Andrew Evans

50 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 51 Royal Horticultural Society 80 Vincent Square London, SW1P 2PE T.: 0845 260 5000 (UK); +44 (0) 207 834 4333 (overseas) www.rhs.org.uk

The RHS is the UK’s leading gardening charity Registered Charity Number 222879/SCO38262

Registered Ofﬁ ce 14 Rollestone Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP1 1DX. UK Tel: +44 (0) 1722 342730 Fax: +44 (0) 1722 329035 [email protected] www.plantlife.org.uk Speaking up for the nation’s wild plants

Plantlife International - The Wild Plant Conservation Charity is a charitable company limited by guarantee. Registered in England and Wales, Charity Number: 1059559 Registered in Scotland, Charity Number: SC038951 Registered Company Number: 3166339. Registered in England and Wales. ISBN: 978-1-907141-35-5 © 2010